Kazakh names. Kazakh surname Kazakh surnames for men starting with the letter m

History of Kazakh surnames.

In ancient times, Kazakhs had only a name. Later, they began to add a word to the name that somehow characterized the person. For example, Batykhai-batyr (Batykhai-warrior), Chotar-sholak (Chotar-armless). Particular importance was attached to the name of the genus, which consisted of several components. After the merger of the Kazakhs with the Russian Empire, the history of Kazakh surnames in the modern sense. Russian officials, as a rule, assigned surnames to Kazakhs after their father, grandfather or great-grandfather. At the same time, they strictly followed the instructions not to allow any hint of the nobility of the family. Even a direct descendant of Genghis Khan could get nothing telling surname Valikhanov, except indicating the name of his father - Valikhan. Before the revolution dictionary of Kazakh surnames was quite meager, since hereditary names were given only to those Kazakhs who either entered public service, or went to study at educational establishments. IN Soviet time formation process Kazakh surnames became widespread, their meaning was still associated with the names of ancestors.

Various formations of Kazakh surnames.

If you look at the list of Kazakh surnames in alphabetical order, you will notice that they are formed using the Russian endings -ov, -ev, -in, Kazakh particles -ula, -kyzy, and the Persian ending -i. Linguists consider such education to be incorrect, since it does not correspond to traditional norms Kazakh language, does Kazakh surnames unrecognizable and makes it difficult for them interpretation. In addition, some people began to write their surnames in two words - Kuanysh-Baev or Kudai-Bergenov, and some ascribe locality and clan to their surname. In a word, such multivariance leads to confusion in documents and becomes a cause of dissatisfaction among citizens if their names are distorted.

Peculiarities of assigning surnames to a child.

Now in Kazakhstan there are two options for assigning a surname to a newborn. At the request of his parents, he may be given his father's surname or new surname, formed on behalf of the paternal grandfather. For example, Bakhyt Aslanovich Mustafin had a son, Dosken. He can become both Dosken Bakhytovich Mustafin and Dosken Bakhytovich Aslanov. In the Kazakh version, these names sound like Dosken Bakhytuly Mustafin and Dosken Bakhytuly Aslan. Declension of Kazakh surnames with Russian endings occurs according to the rules of the Russian language. Adherents of national traditions in the Kazakh nominal formula suggest writing all Kazakh surnames only with the addition of -ula and -kyzy, so that the nationality of the bearer of the surname is immediately clear.

Top Kazakh surnames shows which surnames are on this moment are considered the most common and popular.

Personal Name

They are of Kazakh (Turkic), Persian, and Arabic origin. Some names appear in several forms at once, for example Shara, Sarah and Zara (which are essentially different pronunciations of the same name).

Turkic names

Some Turkic names have a direct translation, for example Arman (Dream), Sholpan (Venus (planet))

Other Turkic names are complex - they consist of two roots of different words (noun + noun or noun + adjective), and among them there are many poetically sublime ones, for example “Ainur” (Ay+Nur) - “Light of the Moon”, “Aigul (Ay+ Gul) - “ Lunar flower", Nurgul (Nur+Gul) - “Flower of Light”, Gulnur (Gul+Nur) - “Light of a Flower”, Gulzhan (Gul+Zhan) - “Soul of a Flower”, Aizhan (Ai+Zhan) - “Moon Soul”, Nurzhan (Nur+Zhan) - “Sunny Soul”, Togzhan (Tog+Zhan) - “Pure Soul”.

Many Turkic compound names have the form<существительное + глагол>, which gives them a complex semantic load. This includes names given for some special characteristic that accompanied the birth of a child, or describing the physical or behavioral characteristics of a person (in the old days, names could change with age or after some events). For example, the name “Aytugan” (Ai+Tugan) is translated as “born at the beginning of the month”, “Kudaiberdy” (Kudai+Berdi) - “given by God” - (Bogdan), “Kutken” (Kutken) - “Long-awaited” or “ Aidar" - "tuft".

Children are also given names-wishes so that the child in the future contains the qualities that the name denotes. For example, Bolat (Bulat) is translated mighty, steel, indestructible, courageous, brave, strong, good. Temir (Timur), Temirlan - iron, iron, unshakable, strong as iron

There is also the most interesting and unusual category of names, which are essentially wish names. For example, the name “Amangeldy” (Aman + Keldi) is translated as “So that he returns alive,” and female name“Kyztumas” (Kyz+Tumas) is translated “So as not to give birth to girls.” There are also female names in which a girl is called a boy: Ulbolsyn (Ul+Bolsyn) “let there be a boy” and Ulbala (Ul+Bala) “boy”. Such name-wishes-programs could have determined from the very beginning life path person. This is a purely Turkic nomadic tradition, originating in the rich oral culture of the Kazakhs.

There are also names, both Turkic and Arab origin, the direct translation of which is forgotten, for example, Elmira, Zhamal, Ariman.

In former times, Kazakhs, in order to protect children from the evil eye, gave deliberately bad-sounding names, for example: “Kotibar” - “he has a butt”, “Sasikbay” - “stinky bai”, etc.

Male names often end in -bai, -bek, -khan, -gali. After the establishment of Soviet power, names ending in -bai became rare due to the meaning of the word. Bai is translated as rich man, wealthy. But many current surnames end in -baev, -baeva. In modern Kazakhstan, it is fashionable to give 5-6 letter 2-syllable names, which have no or few specific letters of the Kazakh alphabet, and often they begin with the letter “A”.

Female names often end in -gul, -nur.

Arabic loanwords

Arabic form of data names in honor historical figures, is traditional, for example Al-Iskander (Alexander the Great).

The Arabic form of names from the Koran is also traditional: Mәria/Mariam/Mariam (Virgin Mary), Isa (Jesus), Musa (Moses), Hawa (Eve), Israel (Israel), Zakaria (Zachary), Mikael (Michael), Ibrahim /Ibrahim (Abraham), etc. Adam is less common. There are also Danial, Sarah/Shara/Zara, Zhusup/Jusp/Yusuf (Joseph). As for other Arabic names that do not belong to historical figures and biblical characters, traditionally only female names are found. And male names are uncharacteristic, although they can be found among Kazakhs living abroad. For example, the female name Jamal is traditional. At the same time, the male name Mustafa is uncharacteristic for the Kazakhs of Kazakhstan, but this name was the name of Mustafa Ozturk, a repatriate who returned to his historical homeland from Turkey.

Sometimes there is a mixture of Turkic and Arabic/Iranian roots in the name. For example Gulzada (Turkic ghoul+ Iranian butt).

From the abbreviation of long Arabic names, new ones arose short names. For example: Abdrahim - Abish, Gulbakhram - Kulyash, Saduakas - Saken, .

The name Asel is also common, which translated from Arabic means: oriental sweetness, sweet as honey.

Among Kazakh women (not necessarily in international families) occasionally there are names of female Russian names. The names Svetlana and Rimma are especially common

Persian loanwords

Less common are names borrowed from the Persian language. Moreover, this borrowing often occurred through Arabic. Some Kazakh names consist of two roots - Persian and Turkic.

Other borrowings

After October revolution revolutionary names were added, such as the Council, Mels (Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin), Marlene (Marx, Lenin), there is also the name Ciez in honor of the congress of parties, which are currently no longer given to newborns, but are found among those born in Soviet time. Although among the Kazakhs the name Mels or Marlene has been completely adapted and is no longer perceived as a revolutionary name - nowadays newborns are often called this name. TO Soviet period Rarely encountered names also include: Berlin, Washington.

The name may be given in honor of current events. For example: Summit (During the OSCE summit in Astana), Congress (During the congresses of the Communist Party), Zhenis (In honor of the victory), Asian Games (In honor of the Seventh Asian Winter Games).

The non-Arabized form of names given in honor of famous historical figures, although rare, is found, for example: Archimedes (Archimedes of Syracuse), Aplaton (Plato), Henry, Ramses, Genghis (Genghis Khan).

The name Elvira, similar in sound to traditional name Elmira, and sometimes given to girls for the sake of “eki kyzdyn aty uksas bolsyn!”

Moreover, some of the non-Arabized historical names (mostly female) are found everywhere, for example: Indira (Indira Gandhi) and Jeanne (Joan of Arc). Moreover, Jeanne usually appears as an abbreviation of another name, for example Zhanar, but Indira is not an abbreviation.

Interethnic families (Kazakh-Russian) are characterized by Russian and European or Russian names of Turkic origin, names that are similar to Kazakh ones. For example: Albina, Sabina, Timur, Ruslan, etc.

IN Lately Names borrowed from the Iranian-speaking ancestors of the Kazakhs - the Saks-Massagets - began to be widely used. These names are especially widely used (although they are not typical for Turkic-speaking Kazakhs) after Kazakhstan gained Independence. The most common are Tomiris, Zarina, Rustam, Rustem, etc. Less common are Sogdiana, Roksolana.

Consonance of names

When several children of the same sex are born, they usually try to ensure that their names are consonant (Kazakh ukas, uksas), that is, they rhyme (not necessarily exact). For example, if the first daughter’s name was Aigul, then for the sake of consonance I can call the second one Ainur (consonance with the first syllable) or Nurgul (consonance with the second syllable). Sometimes, for the sake of consonance, they can also give an unconventional name, for example, if one daughter’s name is Gulmira, and the other Elmira, then for the sake of consonance they can call unconventional name Elvira.

Surname

It has three options: Kazakh, Russian and Arabic. At the same time, the Kazakh version has a literal translation: kyzy / uly (daughter/son of such and such), and Arabic is usually used semi-officially by religious figures. During the mass distribution of surnames, which was organized by the Soviet government in order to combat tribalism, there were cases of confusion between patronymics and surnames, when for some people, instead of a surname, the father’s name was officially recorded in the passport, and the “patronymic” column remained empty.

Surname

Due to the fact that family names (see below) were not officially considered surnames, even in tsarist times, when Kazakhs were enrolled in educational institutions, they came up with surnames, usually derived from the name of their father, grandfather or great-grandfather. Thus, Chokan, who is a direct descendant of Genghis Khan, received the surname not Tore and not Genghis, but Valikhanov, after the name of Uali Khan’s grandfather. And his patronymic was assigned to him after his father, Chingizovich. Which also coincides with the name of the ancestor - Genghis Khan, which causes certain parallels with the surname Rurikovich - given by the name of the founder of the Rurik dynasty.

Upon marriage maiden name usually preserved, by analogy with a generic name, which never changes.

Nowadays there are two options for assigning a surname to a child. The first is that the child inherits the surname from the father. Second, the child’s surname is formed from the name of the paternal grandfather. For example, the son of Bakhyt Aslanovich Mustafin, named Dosken, may receive full name Dosken Bakhytovich Mustafin or Dosken Bakhytovich Aslanov, depending on the choice of the parents. In Kazakh it sounds like this: Dosken Bakhytuly Mustafin - Dosken Bakhytuly Aslan(s) - Dosken Bakhytuly, or Dosken Bakhyt. Many Kazakhs in given time that’s how they write on their ID cards, mostly oralmans, and before joining Russian Empire Kazakhs called each other that way.

There are other options. For example, oralmans from China have neither a surname nor a patronymic, they only have a first name, as the ancestors of the Kazakhs had. The ancient Kazakhs had only a name, and after some time some word was added to it, denoting its essence at one time or another, for example, Bogenbay was a batyr, which means he was called Bogenbay-batyr, Bukhar was a great zhyrau, which means Bukhar- zhyrau, or Baluan-sholak, because he was sholak - without a hand, that is, their social status gave them their full name.

The full name in the Middle Ages sounded like Kara Kypshak Kobylandy Batyr. (Subgenus Genus Name Title)

In addition, there is now a tendency to replace endings -ov and -ev with “tags” (Kazakh tegi), this literally means “of the kind.”

Generic name (ru/el)

Family names were abolished during the Soviet era to combat tribalism and aristocracy, and surnames were introduced instead. Currently, family names are in unofficial circulation and, as a rule, are communicated only to close people.

The generic name consists of RU(genus) and from ate(people). The exception is the descendants of Genghis Khan - the Genghisids, called tore(ruler/tore-tөr ie-literally the one who is the owner of the tor (tөr- place of honor), and the descendants of Central Asian Arabs, called leather(Kozhaiyn-owner/by the way, it also passed into the Russian language from Turkic).

El - people

Ate(people, read: spruce) - the name of a real people who once became part of the Kazakh Khanate, and who were mentioned in the chronicles as separate people, for example, Kipchaks, Uysunis, Naimans. However, the word should not be confused El/ru(people) with words halyk(population, people, residents of the country), ult(nation) and Bukhara Halyk(common people, ordinary people, Bukhara). The same el/ru may be part of several Turkic peoples, and some el/ru are also part of the Mongols, this circumstance is explained by the common origin of the Turkic and Mongolian peoples from the same tribes.

Ru - genus

Links

The origin of surnames is closely related to cultural, historical and religious traditions people. Kazakh surnames in this regard are quite unique and multivariate. Over a long period, they have undergone multiple changes due to economic and political conditions in society. Their analysis from the point of view of history and linguistics is indispensable for solving issues related to anthroponymy.

Historical excursion

Kazakhs' proper names were formed over a long period of time. Each specific segment contained one or another feature. There are five stages:

1. V-X centuries
2. XI-XIV centuries
3. XVIII-XIX centuries
4. 1917−1986
5. 1986 - present.

At first, names were formed from the names of animals (bull, horse), elements in the sky, personal signs (toothless, crooked), place of birth (Balkhash, Tashkenbai). The basis for the name was family circumstances, age of parents, long absence of children, order of appearance, family craft, first syllables in the names of mother and father, illustrious ancestors and fellow countrymen, plants, birds, animals.

And to this day, Kazakhs believe in the close connection between people and names. The latter acted as spells, amulets, wishes for beauty, courage, prosperity and success.

The ancient Kazakhs had only a name. Later, one or another nickname began to be added to it to determine status. For example, Sanzhar-alyp (hero Sanzhar), Tagai-sokyr (blind Tagai), Bakhyt-aksak (lame Bakhyt), Atyntay-akyn (poet Atyntay). Until the second half of the eighteenth century, there were generic names are common, which included two parts - el and ru (people and clan): Karabaly Oibas Batyr. Only the offspring of Temujdin (Genghisids) and Arabs were called Tore and Khoja, respectively.

Further development

The end of the eighteenth century can be considered the period when Kazakh surnames began to appear. The names of clans did not have official status and the tsarist government had to change the situation. This was necessary for admission to the civil service, study and the army.

The great-grandfather's, grandfather's or father's name was taken as the basis. The process was chaotic, but spread during the census.

Surnames in the Russian manner began to appear after the entry Central Asia into the Russian Empire. But this affected only the merchants and those who had a relationship with Russia. The main changes happened after the Soviets arrived there. Massive changes occurred in the twenties and thirties of the last century. Last names and patronymics began to be assigned to representatives of all social strata, although their use in everyday life was extremely rare.

The endings -ev, -ov, -in, added to father's or grandfather's personal names, became widespread. It looked like this:

• Abdulla - Abdullaev;
• Serikbay - Serikbayev;
• Omar - Lobster;
• Karim - Karimov;
• Orazal - Orazalin;
• Gabdulla - Gabdullin, etc.

Modern tendencies

The commonality of the formation of the name explains the family resemblance in different ethnic groups. Due to the regional coincidence of Muslim-Turkic names, similar Turkmen, Uzbek, Kyrgyz, Karakalpak and Kazakh surnames for women and men arose. If Nurgaliev, Rymbaev, Kunaev, Akhmetov are mainly national, then Yusupov, Aliev, Ashurov, Kamilov, Ismailov are also Uighur, Azerbaijani, and Uzbek.

Interethnic marriages and borrowings from the past played an important role in the coincidence, so there is a discrepancy between name and nationality. Representatives of many nationalities live on the territory of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstani surnames for men and women include, in addition to Kazakh and Turkic surnames, Russian, Ukrainian, Korean and German.

List of the most common surnames. Listed in alphabetical rather than numerical order:

• Abdrakhmanov;
• Abdullaev;
• Aliyev;
• Amangelde;
• Akhmetov;
• Bolat;
• Bondarenko;
• Ibragimov;
• Ibraev;
• Ivanov;
• Isaev;
• Iskakov;
• Ismailov;
• Kaliev;
• Karimov;
• Kuznetsov;
• Kusainov;
• Marat;
• Murat;
• Nurgaliev;
• Lobster;
• Ospanov;
• Popov;
• Sadykov;
• Serik;
• Serikbay;
• Smagulov;
• Suleimenov;
• Sultanov;
• Yusupov.

The tradition of introducing oneself by the family name was persecuted in the USSR. But it has been preserved and is used informally in confidential communication. As for the patronymic, which is widespread in official and colloquial speech intelligentsia, then he can be found in different options. It uses both Russian -ovna/-evna, -ych/-ich, and Kazakh “kyzy” and “uly” (daughter and son): Zholdasovich, Kaisarovna, Mukagalievna, Raiymbekuly, Nygmetkyzy, etc. Taking into account the gradual return of Kazakh name traditions it is possible to transform a patronymic into a surname(for example, Oraz Targyn).

Nowadays, surnames are given in two ways: inherited from the father's name or derived from the grandfather's (paternal) name.

For example, the son of Azamat Baktiyarovich Zhunusov, whose name is Erbolat, may be called Erbolat Azamatovich Zhunusov or Erbolat Azamatovich Baktiyarov. In the Kazakh version it will sound like Erbolat Azamatuly Zhunus (Baktiyar) or Erbolat Azamatuly. Although the three-term form remains a priority. In addition, there were unsuccessful attempts prohibited executive branch, add “tags” (genus) and “urpagi” (offspring) instead of -ev/-s.

Now there are two ways to change the Russified sound. One - the root is left, the ending is cut off. Another is adding ula/kyzy. It is strictly forbidden to use abbreviated forms of ancestor names. Surnames of Arabic origin with - and at the end are rare. Kazakh surnames for girls are often do not change in marriage. The girls pay tribute to the clan, the name of which is constant, although the majority adheres to generally accepted norms in this matter.

Kazakh repatriates from Mongolia and China also have difficulties with paperwork, since many do not have a patronymic and surname. There are problems with complex shapes based on ancient Arabic names. There is no clear definition of the concept of “Kazakh surname”, its difference from the name and patronymic. There is debate about the forms female surname, if it changes in marriage, about the universal national-characteristic ending of Kazakh names without taking into account the gender characteristic.

In the long Central Asian list, beautiful Kazakh surnames stand apart. They are distinguished by some kind of mystery and attractive power of sound:

• Abitbekov;
• Aigaziev;
• Baykulov;
• Beysimbekov;
• Gabitov;
• Ganiev;
• Dandaev;
• Daniyarov;
• Edigeev;
• Erasylov;
• Zhangaliev;
• Zharylkasynov;
• Ziyatbekov;
• Zulkarnaev;
• Iltyasov;
• Itimbaev;
• Karamergenov;
• Kairgaliev;
• Markhabatov;
• Musaraliev;
• Nabiev;
• Nurlybekov;
• Lobster;
• Ordabaev;
• Rakimov;
• Rysmukhambetov;
• Saimasaev;
• Saurykov;
• Temirkhanov;
• Tursingaliev;
• Ualiev;
• Umbetov;
• Khaidarov;
• Khudaibergenov;
• Shashubaev;
• Sherkhanov.

Famous Kazakhs

The Kazakh people are rich in talents. There is practically no sphere where the names of representatives of this ethnic group are not heard. Here is a partial list:

• Alibasov Bari (music producer);
• Arinbasarova Natalya (actress);
• Asylmuratova Altynay (ballerina);
• Bekmambetov Timur (film director);
• Berkalieva Gaukhar (businesswoman);
• Bisengaliev Marat (violinist);
• Buribaev Alan (conductor);
• Zhylanbaev Marat (marathon runner);
• Serik Konakbaev (boxer);
• Kumangaliev Eric (countertenor);
• Moljanova Gulzhan (financier);
• Nasyrov Murat (singer);
• Rymbaeva Roza (singer);
• Serkebaev Baigali (musician);
• Shukenov Batyrkhan (musician), etc.

Famous Kazakhs managed to glorify their people far beyond the borders of the country. Thanks to these people, we have the opportunity to get to know Kazakh surnames better and enjoy their melodic and incomparable sound.

Attention, TODAY only!

Kazakh surname(Kaz. Kazakh tagi) - the first part of the modern Kazakh name.

The ancient Kazakhs had only a name, and after some time some word was added to it that characterized it. For example, Bogenbai was a hero, that means his name was Bogenbai-batyr, Bukhar was great zhyrau, means Bukhar-zhyrau, or Baluan-sholak, because he was sholak - without a hand, that is, their social status gave them a full name.

Family names were abolished during the Soviet era to combat tribalism and aristocracy, and were replaced by last names entered. Currently, family names are in unofficial circulation and, as a rule, are reported only close people.

The generic name consists of ru (clan) and iz el (people). The exception is descendants Genghis Khan - Genghisids, called tore (ruler/tore-tөr ie: literally the one who is the owner of tora (tor - place of honor)), and the descendants of Central Asian Arabs, called hoja or leather(kozhaiyn is the owner, by the way, it passed into the Russian language from Turkic).

The full name in the Middle Ages sounded like Kara Kypshak Kobylandy Batyr.(Subgenus Genus Name Title)

Ate (people, read: spruce)- the name of a real people who once became part of the Kazakh Khanate, and who were mentioned in the chronicles as a separate people, for example, Kipchaks, Uysunis, Naimans. At the same time, the word El/ru (people) should not be confused with the words halyk (population, people, inhabitants of the country), ult (nation) and Bukhara halyk (common people, ordinary people, Bukhara). One and the same el/ru can be part of several Turkic peoples, and some el/ru are also part of the Mongols, this circumstance is explained by the common origin of the Turkic and Mongolian peoples from the same tribes.

Ru (family or clan)- the name of the genus included in the tree. When naming a generic name briefly, ru is omitted and only el is called. When naming in full, ru is called first, for example Kara Kypshak, Sary Uysin or Shekty Alimuly.

KAZAKH FAMILIES IN ROYAL TIME

Kazakh surnames began to appear in the second half of the 18th century. Their final formation dates back only to the post-October period (after 1917).

Due to the fact that family names were not officially considered surnames, even in tsarist times, when Kazakhs were enrolled in educational institutions, they were given surnames, usually derived from the name of their father, grandfather or great-grandfather. Thus, Chokan, who is a direct descendant of Genghis Khan, received the surname not Tore and not Genghis, but Ualikhanov, after the name of Uali Khan’s grandfather.

And his patronymic was assigned to him after his father, Chingizovich. Which also coincides with the name of the ancestor - Genghis Khan, which causes certain parallels with the surname Rurikovich - named after the founder of the Rurik dynasty.

When married, the maiden name is usually retained, similar to the family name, which never changes.

KAZAKH SURNAMS IN SOVIET TIMES

After establishing Soviet power the mass assignment of Russian-style surnames with the endings -ov, -ev, -in to the name of the father or grandfather began.

Inheritance of surnames occurs through the paternal line. And the surnames themselves were formed from the name of the father (Bektai - Bektaev, Zhanbolat - Zhanbolatov).

During this period, many Turkic generic names appeared, which were formed according to the Russian model from traditional Arab-Muslim names.

KAZAKH SURNAMES CURRENTLY

Nowadays there are two options for assigning a surname to a child. The first is that the child inherits the surname from the father. Second, the child’s surname is formed from the name of the paternal grandfather.

For example, the son of Bakhyt Aslanovich Mustafin, named Dosken, may receive the full name Dosken Bakhytovich Mustafin or Dosken Bakhytovich Aslanov, depending on the choice of the parents. In Kazakh it sounds like this: Dosken Bakhytuly Mustafin - Dosken Bakhytuly Aslan(s).

Dosken Bakhytuly, or Dosken Bakhyt. Many Kazakhs nowadays are written like that on their ID cards, mostly oralmans, and before joining the Russian Empire, Kazakhs called each other that way. Also, sometimes in documents in the “surname” column they write the patronymic as a surname, but the “patronymic” column remains empty.

In addition, there is now a tendency to replace the ending -ov and -ev on “tags”(Kazakh tags), this literally means "of the kind", but in modern Kazakh terminology it means a surname and therefore the Ministry of Justice banned this practice. There have also been unsuccessful attempts to replace -ov, -ev on the word “urpagy”(literally "descendant").

According to the existing rules, those who wish to remove the ending -ov(s) from their last name are offered two options for changing the last name. The first option is to leave the root of the surname, but remove the ov(s), and the second is to add the words “kyzy” (daughter), “uly” (son) to the surname. It is also prohibited to use a shortened version of the grandfather's or father's name as a surname.

A rare form of the surname is with the Arabic ending -i: Akim Tarazi (Akim from Taraz).

List of the most common surnames in Kazakhstan according to the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2014.

On the pages of the Kazakhstanskaya Pravda newspaper a list of the most common surnames in Kazakhstan has been published, indicating the number of speakers for each of these surnames. This information was provided by the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which has the most current and most reliable data both on the composition of the surnames of Kazakhstanis and on the frequency of each surname (

Akhmetov - 73 627
Lobster - 45 123
Kim - 42,274
Ospanov - 41,068
Ivanov - 39,296
Aliyev - 36,084
Suleimenov - 33 940
Iskakov - 31,988
Abdrakhmanov - 29,091
Ibragimov - 28,755
Kaliev - 28 219
Sadykov - 27 810
Ibraev - 26,531
Kuznetsov - 25,990
Popov - 24,956
Smagulov - 24 005
Abdullaev - 23,729
Isaev - 22 910
Sultanov - 22,808
Yusupov - 22,763
Ismailov - 21,392
Nurgaliev - 21 133
Karimov - 20,575
Serik - 19 550
Lee - 17,049
Tsoi - 12 088
Amangeldy - 15 125
Bolat - 11,234
Bondarenko - 10 648
Marat - 10,417
Serikbay - 10 193
Murat - 10,006
Kusainov - 10 103

As you can see, there are 33 names on the list. The total number of Kazakhstanis of both sexes with these surnames is 840,480.

As of January 1, 2014, 17,165,200 people lived in Kazakhstan. A simple calculation shows that 4.8% of the residents of Kazakhstan bear the indicated 33 surnames. That is, almost every twentieth citizen of Kazakhstan has one of these 33 surnames. The given composition of the most common surnames in Kazakhstan reflects the multi-ethnic composition of the country's population.

We see surnames characteristic of Kazakhs and some other Turkic peoples, Russians, Koreans, and Ukrainians. At the same time, there is no one-to-one correspondence between surnames and the ethnicity of the surname bearers. The same surnames can be found among different ethnic groups.

We can only say that one or another surname is more typical for one or another people. Why does this happen? One of the reasons that the same surnames are found among different nations – common paths formation of family name systems.

Thus, it is known that among the Turkic peoples of Central Asia and Kazakhstan, who lived in the territory former USSR, the mass formation of surnames dates back to the late 20s - early 30s. last century. Moreover, in most cases, surnames were formed using Russian family suffixes -ov/-ev, -in from personal names (grandfather or father). And since the composition of personal names among the Muslim Turks of the region largely coincides, this led to the appearance of the same surnames among the Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Turkmen, Kyrgyz, Uighurs, and Karakalpaks.

If we can say that in Kazakhstan, for example, the surnames Akhmetov, Smagulov, Nurgaliev are found predominantly among Kazakhs, then the structure national composition It is more difficult for bearers of the surnames Aliev, Ibragimov, Ismailov, Karimov, Yusupov. There are many not only Kazakhs with these surnames, but also Uzbeks, Uighurs, and Azerbaijanis. The surname Ivanov, traditionally considered typically Russian (along with the surnames Petrov and Sidorov), upon a detailed examination of its functioning turns out to be not so Russian.

Among its bearers one can find Mordovians, Chuvash, Yakuts, and other non-Russian Orthodox Christians, among whom the name Ivan has been used for naming since ancient times, to which the basis of the surname Ivanov goes back. By the way, in Russia itself the surname Ivanov is not the leader everywhere. Researcher V.A. Nikonov identified regions where one of four surnames predominates - Ivanov, Popov, Kuznetsov, Smirnov. The surname Ivanov predominates in the northwest Russian Federation: regions Novgorod, Leningrad, Kalinin (except for the eastern part), partially Smolensk.

In northern Russia, the most common surname is Popov. Kuznetsov is the most common in a huge strip south and east of Moscow - from the Upper Oka to the Middle Volga. In Kazakhstan, as we see, Ivanov is the leader among the most common Russian surnames, far ahead of the surnames Kuznetsov and Popov (the number of bearers of these two surnames is not very different).

It can be assumed that behind the frequency characteristics of the surnames Ivanov, Kuznetsov and Popov are migration flows that occurred in the past. Obviously, more people moved with the territory where the surname Ivanov was in the lead. It is very difficult to say the nationality of a person named Isaev if we don’t know anything other than his last name.

Both Muslims and Orthodox Christians have the surname Isaev. In the first case, it goes back to the Muslim name Isa, which can be found among the Kazakhs and other Muslim peoples (not only among the Turks, but also among the Chechens and Ingush). Among Orthodox Christians (Russians and other peoples), the surname Isaev goes back to male name Isai (in Orthodox calendar stands in the form of Isaiah, it is noted by several Orthodox saints).

But here it is Muslim name Isa and the Orthodox Isai go back to the same Hebrew root, which in some cases is translated as “the salvation of (God) Yahweh,” in others as “the mercy of God.” Another reason for the coincidence of surnames among different peoples in Kazakhstan is interethnic marriages, which led to a certain mixing of family name systems. For example, in a family in which the father is Korean and the mother is Russian, the child can indicate either the nationality of the father or the mother when receiving a passport.

As a result, people with Russian (according to their passport) nationality may have typically Korean surnames Kim, Tsoi, Lee, etc. Another reason leading to the coincidence of surnames among different peoples is the borrowing in the past of words or names that underlie modern surnames. Thus, in the “Experience of a Dictionary of Russian Surnames” by V. A. Nikonov, among 2,400 surnames starting with the letter A, there are many that have a clearly non-Russian appearance. For example, Abasov, Abduvaliev, Abdujaparov, Abdukadyrov, Abdukarimov, Abdulaev, Aliev, Akhmatov, Akhmedzhanov, Akhmedov, Akhmetov, etc.

At the basis of these surnames, documented among Russian people, personal names brought by Islam are clearly discernible. The placement of the Kim surname in the table above needs some explanation. According to estimates at the beginning of 2014, Koreans in Kazakhstan are in eighth place in number (after Kazakhs, Russians, Uzbeks, Ukrainians, Uighurs, Tatars and Germans) - a total of 105,400 people.

But the Korean surname Kim in Kazakhstan ranks third among all residents! This may seem strange, but it is understandable. A feature of the Korean family name system is the small number of surnames, which also tends to decrease. Thus, according to the Korean encyclopedia “Munhon bigo”, at the beginning of the 20th century. There were 498 surnames in Korea. The Korean encyclopedia “Taebukwa sajeong” (Seoul, 1958–1959) lists about 200 Korean surnames.

For comparison: the number of different surnames among Russians is estimated by researchers to be at least 100 thousand. According to this feature of the Korean family name system, the number of bearers of the most common surnames is, in percentage terms, higher than the number of bearers of the most common surnames of those peoples who use a significantly larger number of different surnames. Under certain demographic conditions, the most common surname of Koreans may be higher than the most common surnames of other nationalities in the national ranking.

This is what we see in Kazakhstan at the moment. It is noteworthy that in the list of the most common surnames in Kazakhstan there are two other Korean surnames - Lee and Tsoi. Thus, the specific place of a surname in the national frequency ranking of surnames is also determined by the frequency structure of national surname systems. The frequency structure of the surname system is determined by the number of different surnames of an ethnic group and the number of representatives of this ethnic group. Koreans have one frequency structure of the surname system, while other peoples have a different one.

That is why among the most common surnames of Kazakhstanis there is not one German surname, although according to census data there are slightly more Germans in Kazakhstan than Koreans. It’s just that Germans have a much larger number of different surnames than Koreans. Accordingly, the frequency structure of the surname system is also different.

The frequency of the most common German surname is also lower compared to the most common Korean one. The most common Korean surnames in Korea are Kim, Lee, and Park. As you can see, among Kazakh Koreans, two of these three surnames are also in the lead. But the surname Tsoi is more common than Pak.

Obviously, this is one of the differences between the family names of Kazakh Koreans and the family names of Koreans from Korea. The ranking of the most common surnames of Kazakhstanis also includes the Ukrainian morphological type surname Bondarenko. In Ukraine itself, according to the State Database of adult Ukrainians (as of 2013), this surname is only in fifth place. Above it are the surnames Kovalenko, Boyko, Shevchenko, Melnik.

It follows from this that the frequency structure of the system of surnames of Ukrainians in Kazakhstan differs from the frequency structure of the system of surnames of Ukrainians in Ukraine. The frequency distribution of surnames in the ranking changes over time. Against the background of a number of demographic processes, these changes can be significant.

At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, this rating, if it had been published then, would have been somewhat different. Over the past 23 years, as a result of migration processes, the demographic situation in Kazakhstan has changed significantly. There was a noticeable outflow of Russians and Germans. The share of Kazakhs has increased significantly (including due to the return of oralmans to the country).

Probably, 23 years ago in a similar rating there would have been more Russian surnames, and there would have been German ones too. The above ranking of surnames also shows changes in the system of Kazakh surnames that have occurred over the past 23 years. In Soviet times, almost all Kazakh surnames were suffixed with Russian surnames.

But after the Kazakhs were allowed to be named in accordance with national traditions, many have abandoned the use of Russian family suffixes. Accordingly, among the 33 most common surnames of Kazakhstanis, we see such Kazakh surnames as Serik, Amangeldi, Bolat, Marat, Serikbay, Murat, which are not formally different from male personal names.

It must be assumed that over time the share of surnames of this morphological type in the ranking of the most private surnames in Kazakhstan will increase. Studying surnames, their history and current state deals with anthroponymy - a section of onomastics, which can be considered both part of linguistics and part of history, depending on the aspect of consideration of surnames. Usually surnames are considered in relation to a specific nationality - German surnames, Russian surnames, Kazakh surnames, etc.

Since surnames are regionally and socially determined, studies of surnames tied to a specific region or social group within the boundaries of the ethnic group are considered more scientifically justified.

Generalizing works on surnames of ethnic groups are possible only after conducting research on regions and social groups. The above statistics of the most common surnames in Kazakhstan are interesting for ordinary people, but for scientific purposes they are practically useless, since they lump together heterogeneous elements (that is, family systems of different nations). For a researcher, more valuable are statistical data on the names of specific ethnic groups - Kazakhs, Russians, Koreans, Ukrainians, Germans, etc.

Kazakh surnames (list)

A
Abdirov
Abdrakhmanov
Abdrashev
Abdulin
Abilev
Abilov
Abildaev
Abishev
Abutalipov
Aitkhozhin
Alibekov
Aliyev
Alimzhanov
Altynbaev
Amanzholov
Asanbaev
Aubakirov
Akhmadiev
Akhmetov
Ashimov
Ashirbekov
Ashirov

B
Babaev
Bazarbaev
Baizhanbaev
Baizhanov
Baimuratov
Baysultanov
Baliev
Bekzhanov (from Bekzat - descendant of an aristocrat)
Bekturov
Burkitbaev

IN
Valikhanov

G
Gabdullin
Galiakberov
Galiev

D
Dzhandosov
Dzhumaliev

E
Ertaev
Yesimov

AND
Zhubanov
Zhumabaev
Zhumagulov
Zhumadilov
Zhunusov

AND
Ibraev
Idrisov
Iksanov
Imashev
Isabaev
Isabekov
Iskakov
Iskaliev

TO
Kabaev
Kaliev
Kamalov
Karashev
Karibzhanov
Karimov
Kasymov
Kerimov
Ketebaev
Kosanov
Kulibaev
Kunaev
Kurmangaliev
Kurmanov
Kusainov
Kushekov

M
Maykeyev
Mambetov
Mukanov
Mukashev
Musabaev
Musataev
Mustafin
Mukhamedzhanov
Mukhtarov
Myrzakhmetov

N
Nabiev
Nazarbayev
Nazarov
Narymbaev
Niyazov
Niyazymbetov
Nogaev
Nugmanov
Nurbaev
Nurgaliev
Nurmagambetov
Nurmukhamedov
Nurpeisov

ABOUT
Orazalin
Ospanov

R
Rakhimov
Rymbaev
Ryskulov

WITH
Sagatov
Sadvakasov
Sadykov
Sakiev
Saparov
Sarsenov
Satpayev
Sattarov
Segizbaev
Seifullin
Serikov
Serkebaev
Smagulov
Smakov
Suleimenov
Sultanov

T
Tazhibaev
Taimanov
Tashenev
Temirbulatov
Tyuryakulov

U
Undasynov
Urazaev
Urazalin (from the personal name Urazali)
Urazov
Uteshev

X
Khakimov

Sh
Shakenov
Shakirov
Sharipov
Shayakhmetov

YU
Yusupov

And many others that are not listed.