Love in the work of war and peace of the fat. What place does love occupy in the life of Tolstoy's heroes? (based on the novel by Tolstoy "War and Peace"). Renewal of the soul of Pierre Bezukhov

A set of moral values ​​distinguishes a civilized person from his primitive state. In his work, Leo Tolstoy focused on the positive features of society as a whole and each citizen in isolation.

Loyalty and betrayal in the novel "War and Peace" are described in the category of a love storyline, patriotic attitude towards the Motherland and male friendship.

Loyalty and treason to the motherland

Kutuzov is a shining example of loyalty to the Fatherland. The general saved the army by making unpopular decisions. Mikhail Illarionovich was condemned by his contemporaries. When the French retreated, in a state of despair and struggle for survival, many military commanders wanted to use the situation for an easy victory in an unnecessary battle in order to receive another reward.

The emperor's anger and the reprimands of the courtiers, hiding under the guise of false patriotism, did not break the Northern Fox. Kutuzov strove to save the life of every ordinary soldier, realizing that without an army there is no state by definition. Leo Tolstoy shows a person who has neglected his own interests, defending the priorities of the Motherland.

Loyalty and betrayal in love

The problematic of the personal life of the heroes consists of the contradictions of the psychological category. The author argues that the will of the characters often depends on the circumstances and point of view of the people around them. Being a deeply religious person, the writer does not condemn young people who have stumbled, shows the path of their moral fall.

Natasha Rostova

The girl, being engaged to Prince Bolkonsky, is drawn into a relationship with Anatol Kuragin. According to the aristocratic etiquette of that time, her failed escape is considered a betrayal of the groom. The prince cannot forgive her. But at the same time, he says that in general, a woman who has fallen in the eyes of society must be forgiven. It is he, an offended man from a higher social stratum, who lacks arguments to understand the heroine.

An adult man makes a marriage proposal to a young beauty, hoping for loyalty and devotion. Meanwhile, he easily yields to his father's persuasion to postpone the wedding for a year. Old man Bolkonsky, wise with life experience, foresees how many temptations an inexperienced young soul, just released, will have to overcome.

Cheating is a multifaceted concept. Of course, the heroine unintentionally hurt Andrew. But her actions are not dictated by deceit, deception, voluptuousness or fall. Passion for Kuragin is a manifestation of life. The groom staying abroad does not breathe with attention, tenderness and love. It is difficult for the girl, lonely, sad, she goes to his relatives, father and sister, but there she meets cold, incomprehension, feels unwanted in their circle.

The vile Kuragins, who want to take revenge on Nikolai Rostov, make every effort to seduce his sister. Anatole with the virtuosity of a master won the favor of inexperienced Natasha. Thus, the young countess became a victim of intrigue, in her place can be any person, regardless of age and gender.

Helen Kuragina

Countess Bezukhova deliberately cheats on her husband. Moral values ​​were not included in the list of virtues that the Kuragin's parents instilled in their children. The father considers his sons and daughter to be a burden in life. Helen did not see any manifestations of love or tenderness on the part of the family. Nobody explained to the girl about fidelity as a part of a happy relationship.

Helen got married knowing that she would cheat on her future spouse. Marriage for her is a way of getting rich. The selfishness of people of this type does not allow them to feel the suffering of their partners. They do not understand that love is a process of interaction, an exchange of fidelity. Countess Bezukhova cheats to achieve specific goals, she does not know how to create happy relationships and will never change. This is a classic example of a fallen woman.

Commitment to family values

Leo Tolstoy treats Marya Bolkonskaya with special trepidation. The daughter shows sacrificial patience, brightening up her father's old age. The despotic old man neglects the personal interests of the girl, raising her in conditions of excessive severity and captiousness. Until the end of his days, the heroine remains by his side, serving and helping the prince to survive the hardships of the war.

Princess Bolkonskaya remains an example of loyalty to her own ideals and principles of life. Her worldview is based on the Christian postulates of patience, helping others and mercy.

Loyalty and betrayal in friendship

The Petersburg period of Pierre Bezukhov's youth was marked by friendship with Fedor Dolokhov. The guys had fun in a noisy company until they came to the attention of law enforcement agencies. Dolokhov for hooliganism with a bear was demoted to the rank and file and sent to the front, and Bezukhov was exiled to Moscow under the supervision of his father.

Fedor found an old friend when he needed help. The count helped his eccentric friend with money and invited him to stay at his house. The meanness of a friend manifested itself immediately, as soon as the frivolous Helen saw in him an attractive gentleman. Pierre was simultaneously betrayed by his wife and comrade, having entered into a love relationship.

The count patiently endured numerous betrayals of his wife, but the betrayal of a friend and a duel with him became a turning point in the formation of the hero's personality. Pierre will never again appear before the reader as a gentle, timid, trusting man. The betrayal of a comrade served as a reassessment of life values. Now the priorities of the hero will be the problems of society. Bezukhov, having experienced pain and disappointment, will sincerely try to change the world for the better.

In the novel "War and Peace" L. N. Tolstoy singled out and considered the most significant "people's thought". The most vividly and multifaceted, this theme is reflected in those parts of the works that tell about the war. In the depiction of the "world", "family thought" prevails, which plays a very important role in the novel. Almost all the heroes of "War and Peace" are subjected to the test of love. They do not all come to true love and mutual understanding, to moral beauty, and not all at once, but only after going through mistakes and redeeming suffering, developing and purifying the soul. Andrei Bolkonsky's path to happiness was thorny. A twenty-year-old inexperienced youth, carried away and blinded by "external beauty", he marries Lisa. However, very quickly Andrei came to a painful and depressing understanding of how “cruel and unique” he was wrong. In a conversation with Pierre, Andrei almost in despair utters the words: "Never, never marry ... until you have done everything you could ... My God, what would I not give now so as not to be married!" Family life did not bring happiness and tranquility to Bolkonsky, he was burdened by it. He did not love his wife, but rather despised him as a child of an empty, stupid world. Prince Andrew was constantly oppressed by the feeling of the uselessness of his life, equating him with "a court lackey and an idiot." Then there was the sky of Austerlitz, the death of Lisa, and a deep mental break, and fatigue, longing, contempt for life, disappointment. Bolkonsky at that time resembled an oak tree, which "stood between smiling birches as an old, angry and contemptuous monster" and "did not want to submit to the charm of spring." "An unexpected confusion of young thoughts and hopes" arose in Andrey's soul. He left transformed, and again there was an oak in front of him, but not an old, ugly oak, but covered with a "tent of lush, dark greenery" so that "no sores, no old mistrust, no grief - nothing was visible." Love, like a miracle, revives Tolstoy's heroes to a new life. The true feeling for Natasha, so unlike the empty, absurd women of the world, came to Prince Andrey later and with incredible force turned his soul upside down. He “seemed and was a completely different, new person,” and as if he had stepped out of a stuffy room into the free light of God. True, even love did not help Prince Andrei to humble his pride, he never forgave Natasha "treason." Only after a mortal wound and a mental breakdown and rethinking of life did Bolkonsky understand her suffering, shame and remorse and realized the cruelty of breaking with her. “I love you more, better than before,” he said then to Natasha, but nothing, not even her fiery feeling, could keep him in this world. “I love you more, better than before,” he said then to Natasha, but nothing, not even her fiery feeling, could keep him in this world. Pierre's fate is somewhat similar to that of his best friend. Just like Andrei, who in his youth was carried away by Lisa, who had just arrived from Paris, the childishly enthusiastic Pierre is carried away by the "doll" beauty of Helene. The example of Prince Andrey did not become a "science" for him, Pierre was convinced from his own experience that external beauty is not always an internal beauty - spiritual. Pierre felt that there were no barriers between him and Helene, she “was terribly close to him”, her beautiful and “marble” body had power over him. And although Pierre felt that it was “not good for some reason,” he limply succumbed to the feeling instilled in him by this “depraved woman,” and eventually became her husband. As a result, a bitter feeling of disappointment, gloomy despondency, contempt for his wife, for life, for himself seized him some time after the wedding, when Helen's "mystery" turned into spiritual emptiness, stupidity and debauchery. Having met Natasha, Pierre, like Andrei, was amazed and attracted by her purity and naturalness. A feeling for her already timidly began to grow in his soul when Bolkonsky and Natasha fell in love with each other. The joy of their happiness mingled in his soul with sadness. Unlike Andrei, Pierre's kind heart understood and forgave Natasha after the incident with Anatol Kuragin. Although he tried to despise her, he saw Natasha exhausted, exhausted, and "a feeling of pity, never experienced before, overflowed Pierre's soul." And love entered his "soul blossoming for a new life." Pierre understood Natasha, perhaps because her connection with Anatole was similar to his infatuation with Helene. Natasha believed in the inner beauty of Kuragin, in communication with whom she, like Pierre and Helene, "felt with horror that there was no barrier between him and her." After a falling out with his wife, Pierre's journey of life continues. He became interested in Freemasonry, then there was a war, and the half-childish idea of ​​assassinating Napoleon, and burning - Moscow, terrible minutes of waiting for death and captivity. Pierre's soul, having gone through suffering, renewed, purified, retained its love for Natasha. Having met her, also greatly changed, Pierre did not recognize Natasha. They both believed that after all they had experienced they would be able to feel this joy, but love woke up in their hearts, and suddenly "it smelled and doused with long-forgotten happiness," and they hammered the "forces of life", and "joyful madness" seized them. "Love woke up, life woke up too." The power of love revived Natasha after the mental apathy caused by the death of Prince Andrew. The power of love revived Natasha after the mental apathy caused by the death of Prince Andrew. She thought that her life was over, but the love for her mother, which arose with renewed vigor, showed her that her essence - love - was still alive in her. This all-surrounding power of love, which brought to life the people it loved, to whom it was directed. The fate of Nikolai Rostov and Princess Marya was not easy. Quiet, meek, outwardly ugly, but beautiful in soul, the princess, during her father's life, did not even hope to get married or raise children. The only matchmaker, and even then for the sake of a dowry, Anatole, of course, could not understand her high spirituality, moral beauty. In the epilogue of War and Peace, Tolstoy exalts the spiritual unity of people, which is the basis of nepotism. A new family was created, in which, it would seem, different beginnings - the Rostovs and the Bolkonskys - were united. "As in every real family, several completely different worlds lived together in the Lysogorsk house, which, each holding its own peculiarity and making concessions to one another, merged into one harmonious whole."

He is a person who lives and thinks out of the ordinary. He is constantly looking for answers to the main questions - about the purpose of each individual, the meaning of existence, the search for life values.

Love for Andrei Bolkonsky at every stage of his path was either disappointment or salvation. At the age of twenty, an irresistible attraction flashed in him for the first time, a burning passion for the outwardly beautiful Lisa. He took his youthful love for real, genuine and strong love, immediately tying the knot with the girl who charmed him.

However, after some time, a sad epiphany came. The pink veil left his eyes, revealing a terrible reality. An empty and stupid creature was hiding under the mask of beauty. The truth turned out to be so unbearable that Andrei began to feel weary about his wife, despising her complete lack of mind and soul. He dreamed of bringing everything back, but, alas, there was no way back. This inflicted torment and great pain on the young man.

Then Bolkonsky went to the battlefields, wishing to gain glory and honor. But here, too, he failed - he was seriously injured. This event was another turning point in fate. Andrey realized that his aspirations were false, that he needed to live for his family and himself. He forgot about the deceitful heroes, stopped seeing happiness in exploits.

At home, the changed prince did not have time to realize new views and bright dreams. His wife died in childbirth. Even if he had no special affection for her, the death of a woman became a serious test. He realized that he was infinitely guilty before his wife, that he had no right to forget about the duties of a husband. Liza, although she did not differ in intelligence, was very sweet and kind.

Bolkonsky's emotional wound was healed by another love - Natasha Rostova. Her positive, ability to be happy always, to enjoy simple things, drowned out the worries and torments of the man, inspired him. After meeting Natasha, a new round began in Andrey's life, full of hopes and bright aspirations.

However, a year later, the prince became disillusioned with Rostova, because she was frivolously carried away by another person. Although the girl was dear to him, Bolkonsky could not overcome his pride and arrogance, feeling himself too perfect to forgive. He again returns to the Patriotic War.

This was followed by a second wound. And it again forced Andrey to rethink reality. Love for everyone around him was born in him. He no longer felt resentment, hatred for people. He even began to sympathize with the sworn enemy, Anatoly, with whom Natasha had betrayed him. Alas, it was at this happy moment, when a man had just come to the realization of the true ideals of life, that the end inevitably approached Bolkonsky. The wound was fatal.

It is noteworthy that in the last minutes of the prince, Rostova again appeared next to him. The girl has also changed a lot. Andrei was glad to meet them, albeit under such mournful circumstances. He did not complain about fate, did not regret the grief that had happened, but felt unspeakable happiness from seeing his beloved, talking to her.

The life and death of Prince Bolkonsky did not pass without leaving a trace. They were reflected in the people with whom he was familiar. Many warmly remembered him, and these thoughts prompted them to philosophical thinking, to the desire to do good and justice on earth.

Introduction

The theme of love in Russian literature has always occupied one of the first places. She was approached by great poets and writers at all times. Love for the Motherland, for the mother, for the woman, for the land, for the family - the manifestation of this feeling is very different, it depends on people and circumstances. It is very vividly shown what love is and what it is in the novel "War and Peace" by Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. Indeed, it is love in the novel "War and Peace" that is the main driving force in the lives of the heroes. They love and suffer, hate and care, despise, discover truths, hope and wait - and all this is love.

The heroes of the epic novel by Leo Tolstoy live a full life, their fates are intertwined. Natasha Rostova, Andrei Bolkonsky, Helen Kuragina, Pierre Bezukhov, Marya Bolkonskaya, Nikolai Rostov, Anatol, Dolokhov and others - all of them, to a greater or lesser extent, experienced a feeling of love and went the path of spiritual revival or moral decline. Therefore, today the theme of love in the novel "War and Peace" by Tolstoy remains relevant. Whole lives of people, different in their status, character, meaning of life and beliefs, sweep before us.

Love and heroes of the novel

Helen Kuragina

The secular beauty Helene had "an undeniable and too strong and triumphantly acting beauty." But all this beauty was present only in her appearance. Helen's soul was empty and ugly. For her, love is money, wealth and recognition in society. Helene enjoyed great success with men. Having married Pierre Bezukhov, she continued to flirt with everyone who attracted her attention. The status of a married woman did not bother her at all; she used Pierre's kindness and deceived him.

The same attitude in love was shown by all members of the Kuragin family. Prince Vasily called his children "fools" and said: "My children are a burden of my existence." He hoped to marry his "youngest prodigal son" Anatole to the daughter of the old Count Bolkonsky - Marya. Their whole life was built on profitable calculation, and human relations were alien to them. Vileness, meanness, secular entertainment and pleasures - this is the life ideal of the Kuragin family.

But the author of the novel does not support such love in War and Peace either. Leo Tolstoy shows us a completely different love - true, faithful, all-forgiving. Love that has stood the test of time, the test of war. Reborn, renewed, light love is the love of the soul.

Andrey Bolkonsky

This hero passed a difficult moral path to his true love, to understanding his own destiny. Having married Lisa, he did not have family happiness. Society did not interest him, he himself said: “… this life that I lead here, this life is not for me!

”Andrei was getting ready to go to war, despite the fact that his wife was pregnant. And in a conversation with Bezukhov, he said: "... what would I not give now, so as not to be married!" Then the war, the sky of Austerlitz, disappointment in his idol, the death of his wife and the old oak ... "our life is over!" The revival of his soul will occur after meeting with Natasha Rostova - "... the wine of her charm hit him in the head: he felt revived and rejuvenated ..." Dying, he forgave her that she had abandoned her love for him when she was fascinated by Anatoly Kuragin. But it was Natasha who took care of the dying Bolkonsky, it was she who sat at his head, it was she who took his last look. Wasn't that what Andrey was happy about? He died in the arms of his beloved woman, and his soul found peace. Already before his death, he said to Natasha: “... I love you too much. More than anything". Andrei forgave Kuragin before his death: “Love your neighbors, love your enemies. To love everything is to love God in all manifestations. "

Natasha Rostova

Natasha Rostova meets us in the novel as a thirteen-year-old girl who loves everyone around. In general, the Rostov family was distinguished by a special cordiality, sincere concern for each other. Love and harmony reigned in this family, therefore Natasha could not be different. Childhood love for Boris Drubetskoy, who promised to wait for her for four years, sincere joy and good attitude towards Denisov, who proposed to her, speak of the heroine's sensuality. Her main need in life is to love. When only Natasha saw Andrei Bolkonsky, the feeling of love seized her completely. But Bolkonsky, having made an offer to Natasha, left for a year. Passion for Anatoly Kuragin in the absence of Andrei gave Natasha a doubt about her love. She even conceived an escape, but the revealed deception of Anatole stopped her. The spiritual emptiness that Natasha had left after her relationship with Kuragin gave rise to a new feeling for Pierre Bezukhov - a feeling of gratitude, tenderness and kindness. Until Natasha knew that it would be love.

She felt guilty towards Bolkonsky. Taking care of the wounded Andrei, she knew that he would soon die. Her care was needed by him and herself. It was important for her that it was she who was there when he closed his eyes.

Natasha's despair after all the events that had taken place - the flight from Moscow, the death of Bolkonsky, the death of Petit - was accepted by Pierre Bezukhov. After the end of the war, Natasha married him and found true family happiness. "Natasha needed a husband ... And her husband gave her a family ... all her mental strength was directed at serving this husband and family ..."

Pierre Bezukhov

Pierre came into the novel as the illegitimate son of Count Bezukhov. His attitude to Helen Kuragina was based on trust and love, but after a while he realized that he was simply being led by the nose: “It's not love. On the contrary, there is something nasty in the feeling that she aroused in me, something forbidden. " The difficult path of life searches of Pierre Bezukhov began. He carefully, with tender feelings treated Natasha Rostova. But even in the absence of Bolkonsky, he did not dare to do anything superfluous. He knew that Andrei loved her, and Natasha was waiting for his return. Pierre tried to rectify Rostova's position, when she was carried away by Kuragin, he truly believed that Natasha was not like that. And he was not mistaken. His love survived all expectations and separation and found happiness. Having created a family with Natasha Rostova, Pierre was humanly happy: "After seven years of marriage, Pierre felt a joyful, firm consciousness that he was not a bad person, and he felt this because he was reflected in his wife."

Marya Bolkonskaya

About Princess Marya Bolkonskaya Tolstoy writes: "... Princess Marya dreamed of both family happiness and children, but her main, strongest and hidden dream was earthly love." It was difficult to live in his father's house, Prince Bolkonsky kept his daughter in strictness. It cannot be said that he did not love her, only for him this love was expressed in activity and reason. Marya loved her father in her own way, she understood everything and said: "My vocation is to be happy with other happiness, the happiness of love and self-sacrifice." She was naive and pure and saw good and good in everyone. Even Anatol Kuragin, who decided to marry her for an advantageous position, she considered a kind person. But Marya found her happiness with Nikolai Rostov, for whom the path to love turned out to be thorny and confusing. This is how the Bolkonsky and Rostov families united. Nikolai and Marya did what Natasha and Andrei could not do.

Love to motherland

The fates of the heroes, their contact are inseparable from the fate of the country. The theme of love for the homeland runs through the life of each character as a red thread. The moral searches of Andrei Bolkonsky led him to the idea that the Russian people cannot be defeated. Pierre Bezukhov went from "a young man who cannot live" to a real man who dared to look Napoleon in the eyes, save a girl in a fire, endure captivity, sacrifice himself for the sake of others. Natasha Rostova, who gave the carts to the wounded soldiers, knew how to wait and believe in the strength of the Russian people. Petya Rostov, who died at the age of fifteen for a "just cause", experienced true patriotism. Platon Karataev, a partisan-peasant who fought for victory with his bare hands, was able to explain the simple truth of life to Bezukhov. Kutuzov, who gave all of himself "for the Russian land," believed to the end in the strength and spirit of the Russian soldiers. Leo Tolstoy in the novel showed the power of the Russian people in the unity, faith and steadfastness of Russia.

Love for parents

The families of the Rostovs, Bolkonsky, Kuragin are not accidentally presented in the novel by Tolstoy with a detailed description of the life of almost all family members. They are opposed to each other according to the principles of education, morality, and internal relations. Respect for family traditions, love for parents, care and participation - this is the basis of the Rostov family. Respect, justice and adherence to one's father are the principles of life of the Bolkonsky family. Kuragins live in the power of money and vulgarity. Neither Hippolyte, nor Anatole, nor Helene have grateful feelings for their parents. A love problem arose in their family. They deceive others and deceive themselves, thinking that wealth is human happiness. In fact, their idleness, frivolity, licentiousness does not bring happiness to anyone from them. Initially, a sense of love, kindness, trust was not brought up in this family. Everyone lives for himself, not worrying about his neighbor.

Tolstoy gives this contrast of families for a complete picture of life. We see love in all its forms - destructive and all-forgiving. We understand whose ideal is close to us. We have the opportunity to see which path must be taken in order to achieve happiness.

Characteristics of the relationship between the main characters and a description of their love experiences will help 10 grade students when writing an essay on the theme "The theme of love in the novel" War and Peace "by Leo Tolstoy."

Product test

"Love and be you loved
As happy as we are
In love, obstacles are surmountable
All dreams are achievable. "
Amirova A.
What is love? I think there is no such person who would not be interested in this question. Love, on the one hand, is an elementary concept, but at the same time it is also mysterious, somehow incomprehensible. Only love makes a person happy or unhappy. It is she who can support you in a difficult moment or unexpectedly throw you. Some say, “What is love? It's nothing. Just think of falling in love, you will soon forget ... ". But this is a misconception, yes, I agree, falling in love can pass, but not love! After all, falling in love and love are different feelings. Falling in love is like a match, and love is like a candle. The first one flashes brightly, often burns, but burns out quickly, the second burns for a long time with a clear, clean flame. Let's take a look at this with an example. Take Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, for example.
In this work, the author very clearly divides love into several types. For example, take the love in the Rostov family. The Countess loves her children with motherly love. Little Natasha's friendship with Boris is a childhood hobby, a need to love, curiosity. Maria Bolkonskaya sacrifices herself for the love of her father and because of this, at the beginning of the novel, she does not marry. Natalia's love for Anatol Kuragin turned out to be a simple love, self-hypnosis. Berg marries Vera of convenience in order to receive a dowry in the form of money and make new connections. Boris also marries Julie, because she, in turn, was rich, although not even beautiful. The brightest and most sincere love in this novel, I consider the feelings between Andrei and Natasha. Indeed, even after the "betrayal" they were able to forgive each other, because they were truly in love, but unfortunately it was too late to change anything. Andrei was wounded and she could only hope and care for her beloved. This is one of the principles of love:
Caring - "If he is feeling unwell, his first duty is to support him under all circumstances." She herself was weak after the incident, but that did not stop her. She! It was Natasha who looked after Andrei, despite the fact that her parents tried to hide the news from her that Andrei was among the wounded soldiers. I hope Natalya Rostova will serve the readers as an example of a sincerely loving girl, but I would also like to note that you should not rush into the pool with your head, because it may end badly. This is exactly what happened to the heroine of the novel in a relationship with Kuragin. And also to know that there are such nasty, heartless people like Helen. In love, the main thing for me is to be happy and to give happiness to others, and not the thickness of the wallet or a profitable list of acquaintances. After all, judge for yourself, and in our time you can find many people who care about not the inner world of a person, not his good qualities, but his appearance, condition and benefit.
Tolstoy showed love from different sides
Acquaintance, trials, betrayal, meeting again
This is the fate of my two beloved heroes
Andrey and Natasha. Now I will tell you about them
Natalia Rostova is a Russian soul for us
I was good in singing and dancing in everything
Andrei Bolkonsky strove for fame
This sometimes happens to us
But their love was mutual, pure
After all, the escape attempt was not without reason
Natasha was incited by Helen to do this.
And she herself was captured by her senses.
And foolishly that Kuragin was carried away
Andrey Rostova was not forgiven
But then they met in a tragic moment
And Bolkonsky was hurt by Natasha's tears
He forgave her and reminded her of love,
But unfortunately, they did not stay together.
Tolstoy also told us about love of convenience
And now there is no account of this love.
Boris's mother was inclined towards money
This should be a good lesson for us.
After all, money is not the main thing on earth
So at least it seems to me
I ask you never to do this
And do not leave a person to the mercy of fate.