The world is split in two. Lesson based on the novel "Quiet Don" "in a world split in two" (civil war in the image of M. Sholokhov) You seem to have accepted the red faith


Municipal budgetary educational institution Yagodinskaya secondary school

Kondinsky District, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra

Full name of the teacher: Shterger Victoria Alexandrovna (teacher of Russian language and literature)

Open lesson in literature in grade 11.

Topic: A world split in two.

Lesson objectives:

Educational:

define the vision of the events of the civil war

On the example of Sholokhov's novel "Quiet Don"

Developing:

Develop the ability to analyze tex, develop students' critical thinking.

Educational:

Contribute to fostering interest in the history of their homeland, their people; the realization that the civil war is one of the tragic pages of our history.

During the classes:

  1. Organizing time.

Good day! We continue to study M. Sholokhov's novel "Quiet Don".

The song "There, far beyond the river, bayonets flashed"(1 slide)

What event of M. Sholokhov's novel "Quiet Flows the Don" will be discussed in the lesson? (Civil War)

message of topic and purpose, lesson.(2, 3 slide)

Problematic question(4 slide)

to answer the question whether a war can affect a person's attitude to the world around them, people.

  1. Work on the topic of the lesson.

War ... What is the meaning of this word?

Let's turn to the explanatory dictionary :( 5 slide)

“War is armed wrestling between states, peoples, classes;hostile relationship»

A) civil war from a historical point of view.

Historical background (prepared by class students in the form of statements of famous people).

(6 slide)

There are many sayings about the civil war, Boris Vasiliev wrote this: “In a civil war there are no right or wrong, there are no angels and no demons ... tragedy a people in which there have never been winners ... There are only losers in it - all of us, all the people, all of Russia. "

B) civil war in the novel "Quiet Don"(7 slide)

Teacher's word.

Which one describeswar M. Sholokhov in the novel "Quiet Flows the Don"?

For a long time, the civil war was shrouded in an aura of heroism and romance.

(remember the movies "The Elusive Avengers", "Dangerous Tour").

Mikhail Sholokhov was one of the first who spoke of the civil war as the greatest tragedy. In the process of work, he turns to archives, memoirs, personal impressions, to the memories of people who survived this war.

Analytical work with text, scenes from the film "Quiet Don"

Let's turn directly to the text of the novel (book 2, part 5, chapter 1) p. 463 Quiet Don 1.Moscow: Slovo., 2001

Sholokhov uses a pre-story.(8 slide)

Vocabulary work:

Preceding - i.e. do something earlier, looking ahead.

What is the key phrase in this passage?

Burning troubles ... It is they who will break the usual way of life in the Don region, and will affect the fate of people.

Sholokhov reveals the truth to us through the heroes of the novel.

Grigory Melekhov is concerned about the search for the truth, being an illiterate and politically naive person, he lives with the desire to find the truth, to find his place in life, to find something worth serving. (red-white)

Truth is necessary for the hero to solve the problem of life choices, tk. going onconfrontation between various political forces that decide the fate of the Cossacks and the entire country.

Words by brother Grigory Melekhov (3-6-2)

"Look how people shared you bastards! It was as if we had driven with a plow: one in one direction, the other in the other, as if under a ploughshare. Damn life and a terrible time! "

In the novel, we encounter mirrored scenes:

1.Craft over Chernetsovites (2-5-12)(9 slide)

Questions 10 slide

  • What feelings does Grigory experience when he watches the scene of the massacre of the Chernetsovites?
  • Why is he the only one among all those present to do this?

(a person wins in it, humane qualities)

(Only Gregory is trying to protect unarmed the enemy from the bloody massacre: "everything inside him trembled", "Gregory touched the horse, jumped, forgetting about the wound, from the saddle and, shot through with pain, fell backwards."

This makes Gregory's act psychologically justified:

The hero does not stand up for the enemy, but for the person.)

2.Punishment of the Podtelkovites (2-5-30)(slide 11)

Viewing the episode of the film "Quiet Don" (execution scene)

Questions slide 12

* How does Grigory perceive the scene of Podtelkov's execution?

* What does it feel like this?

Gregory perceives this execution asjust retribution, as evidenced by his passionate monologue addressed to Podtyolkov: “Do you remember under the Deep Battle? Do you remember how the officers were shot ... They shot at your order! A? Tepericha is recouping for you! Well, do not grieve! You are not the only one to tan someone else's skins! " (vengeance)

But, despite this, he leaves the square without waiting for the execution, for for Gregory the humanist,the massacre of the unarmed is disgusting, whatever the cause.

Gregory is looking for a truth that could reconcile everyone, and he does not find it either among the Whites or the Reds.

This determined the tragedy of his fate, which reflected the tragedy of the people, divided into two warring camps.

Recently living peacefully side by side Cossacks become enemies, go tofratricidal war.

Is born mutual cruelty nowwarring parties.(13 slide Koshevoy shoots Melekhov, Daria kills Kotlyarov)

3.-Comparative characteristics (individual homework)

Mikhail Koshevoy (14 slide)

Mitka Korshunov(15 slide)

Sworn enemies, Koshevoy and Korshunov, commit acts extremely similar - primarily incrediblecruelty and cynicism:

The bear kills Pyotr Melekhov, drives Grigory out of his home, which does not prevent him from marrying Dunyashka, and the death of his grandfather Grishaka is on his conscience;

Mitka is the first to volunteer to execute the Podtelkovites, brutally destroying the Koshevoy family.

Grigory Melekhov, in a conversation with Prokhor Zykov, admits: “For me, they are the same price”).

In all this we see the mutual cruelty of the warring parties.

4. How does a person change in a war? (ask the class a question)

For many heroes, even positive ones, moral criteria shift during the war years.

Grigory, for example, perceives Podtyolkov's execution as just retribution.

But he also suppresses reprisals against prisoners, when he learns that women, old people and children, whose relatives left with the Reds, were put in prison in Veshenskaya, he opens the prison, releasing all those arrested.

(16 slide)

"Ha! Conscience! I forgot about her. I was so smeared with someone else's blood that I really didn't have any pressure left for anyone. Little kids - and that almost do not regret, but about myself and no thoughts. The war drew everything out of me. I have become terrible to myself ... Look into my soul, and there black like in an empty well ... "

(3 - 6 – 46).

  • What can you say about the peculiar self-characterization of Grigory Melekhov?

Not only had he changed, but he realized that he had become different - he was broken by the war.

War approves its own laws, cruel and inhuman, and every living person is forced to obey them. War brings disagreements into family relationships. The universal devastation destroys the Cossack world not only from the outside, but also from within.

The tragedy of the Cossack families is that they see no way out of this war. No amount of power gives them the opportunity to return to peaceful peasant labor.

  1. Bottom line, Conclusions:

1-can a war affect a person's attitude to the world around them, people?(17 slide)

Pay attention to the word associations.

War is a struggle, hostile relations, tragedy, trouble, division, fear, cruelty, cynicism, inhumanity, devastation, discord, fratricidal, blackness,…. (words are fixed on the board during the lesson)

What other words can you add to this row?

(the words named by the children are written down next to them) - to distribute pieces of paper

2- to determine the vision of the events of the civil war on the example of Sholokhov's novel "And Quiet Don"

Reflection.

Using these words (words written on the board), compose a synquine (work in groups) on the topic of war

Definition of syncwine(slide 18)

Algorithm (19 slide)

SINKWAYN is a short literary work describing an object (topic), consisting of five lines, which is written according to a certain plan.

1 line - one word - the title of the poem, usually a noun.

2nd line - two words (adjectives or participles). Description of the topic.

Line 3 - three words (verbs). Actions related to the topic.

4 line - four words - a sentence. A phrase that shows the author's attitude to the topic.

Line 5 - one word - an association that repeats the essence of the topic, usually a noun.

Several options are read out (written down on separate sheets of paper and fixed on the board).

(slide 20)

War

Cruel, fratricidal

Brutalizes, oppresses, destroys

War cripples people's destinies

Tragedy

With these syncwines, we summarize our today's lesson and answer the main question, what is war.

Lesson grades.

Homework:

Write a mini-essay, compose a poem on the theme of the civil war in the novel "Quiet Don" by M. Sholokhov.

Written description of G. Melekhov.

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Slide captions:

A world split in two

"War is an armed struggle, hostile relations between states, peoples, classes"

“In the civil war there are no right and wrong, no angels and no demons ... The main result that we have endured is that the civil war is an incomparable tragedy of the people, in which there have never been winners ... There are only the vanquished in it ... all of us, all the people, all of Russia. " Boris Vasiliev

Civil war in the novel "Quiet Don" by M. Sholokhov

Foreword story Foreword, ie. do something earlier, looking ahead.

The massacre of the Chernetsovites. (2-5-12)

Questions: What feelings does Grigory experience when he watches the scene of the massacre of the Chernetsovites? Why is he the only one among all those present to do this?

Execution of the Podtelkovites. (2-5-30)

Questions: How does Grigory perceive the scene of Podtelkov's execution? What is experiencing at the same time?

Mutual cruelty of the warring parties Kosheva shoots Pyotr Melekhov Daria kills Kotlyarov

Mikhail Koshevoy

Mitka Korshunov

"Ha! Conscience! I forgot about her. I was so smeared with someone else's blood that I really didn't have any pressure left for anyone. Little kids - and that almost do not regret, but about myself and no thoughts. The war drew everything out of me. I myself have become terrible ... Look into my soul, and there is blackness, as in an empty well ... ”(3 - 6 - 46).

Can war affect a person's attitude to the world around them?

SINKWAYN is a small poetic form used to fix emotional assessments, describe your current impressions, sensations, associations.

Algorithm for writing syncwine. 1 line - one word - the title of the poem, usually a noun. 2nd line - two words (adjectives or participles). Description of the topic. Line 3 - three words (verbs). Actions related to the topic. 4 line - four words - a sentence. A phrase that shows the author's attitude to the topic. Line 5 - one word - an association that repeats the essence of the topic, usually a noun.

The purpose of the lesson:

Lesson equipment:

Methodical techniques:

During the classes

I... Teacher's word

Boris Vasiliev wrote about it this way: “In a civil war there are no right to blame, there are no angels and no demons, just like there are no victors. There are only the vanquished in it - all of us, all the people, all of Russia. "

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"Lesson 4." In a world split in two. " Civil war as depicted by M.A. Sholokhov "

Lesson 4. "In a world split in two."

Civil war in the image of Sholokhov

The purpose of the lesson: to show the civic and literary courage of Sholokhov, who was one of the first to tell the truth about the civil war as a tragedy of the people.

Lesson equipment: reproductions of paintings depicting the civil war; recordings of the songs "There, in the distance, across the river ...", "Grenada", "On that distant, on the civil ...".

Methodical techniques: checking homework, analyzing episodes, repeating what has been learned (works on the civil war), interdisciplinary connections with history, the teacher's story.

During the classes

I... Teacher's word

For a long time, the civil war was shrouded in an aura of heroism and romance.

Let us recall Svetlov's Grenada, Out in the Distance, Beyond the River ..., Okudzhava's “commissars in dusty helmets”, films about “elusive avengers”, etc. (If there are songs recordings, listen selectively).

There was, of course, both Babel and Artyom Vesely, but they really got wide access to the reader much later.

Boris Vasiliev wrote about it this way: “In a civil war there are no right to blame, there are no angels and no demons, just like there are no victors. There are only the vanquished in it - all of us, all the people, all of Russia. "

Sholokhov is one of those who spoke of the civil war as the greatest tragedy that had grave consequences. The high level of truth about the civil war is supported by the author's extensive work with archives, with memoirs, personal impressions and facts. Sholokhov draws a world corrupted by the revolution, often using the device of a story-precursor (end of Chapter 1, part 5). The essence of the novel's events is tragic, they capture the fate of huge sections of the population (There are more than 700 characters in The Quiet Don).

II. Analysis of episodes of the second book

Finding and analyzing episodes:

The scene of the massacre of the Chernetsovites (T. 2, part 5, chapter 12)

    How are Podtyolkov and Chernetsov depicted in this scene? (Their behavior clearly embodies the power of hatred and enmity that divided Don.)

    What details most clearly express their inner state?

    What is the motivation behind the behavior of these heroes?

    Why are the details of the portraits of the executed officers included in the episode? (The author endows them with portraits; "a lieutenant with beautiful female eyes", "a tall, brave esaul", "a curly cadet." Sholokhov seeks to emphasize that we are not faceless, abstract "enemies" - in front of us are people.)

    How is the portrayal of "enemies" connected with Melekhov's act? (The description of the officers being executed makes Gregory's act psychologically justified: he stands up not for the enemy, but for the person.)

    What is the meaning of Minaev in his phrase that ends the episode? ("... looking into the eyes with darkened eyes, gasping for breath, he asked:" And you thought - how? "

    What is Gregory going through after these tragic events?

Decooling is accompanied by mass terror, which provokes brutality in response. “The people were played off,” Gregory thinks about what is happening. (Episode "Execution of Podtelkov and his detachment" - book two, part 5, chapter 30).

    How does Gregory perceive the execution of Podtelkov? (Grigory perceives this execution as a just retribution, as evidenced by his passionate monologue addressed to Podtyolkov: "Do you remember under the Deep Battle? Do you remember how officers were shot ... They shot at your order! Huh? Teperich is being recouped! Well, don't bother!" You are not the only one to tan someone else's skins! ")

    Why is he leaving the square? (Gregory leaves without waiting for the execution, because for him, a warrior and a humanist, the reprisal against the unarmed is disgusting, whatever the cause.)

    What is the similarity of this scene with the episode of the execution of prisoners near Glubokaya?

    What is the meaning of this "mirror image"? (The hero does not find truth on any of the opposing sides. Everywhere there is deception, cruelty, which can be justified, but which Gregory's human nature rejects.)

We pass on to the analysis of the last episode of the second book.

    What is the symbolic meaning of this episode? (In this episode (an old man who built a chapel over a grave; a female bustard, symbolizing life and love), life and death, the lofty, the eternal, collide with the tragic realities that have become familiar, commonplace in a time of turmoil and debauchery. Sholokhov opposes fratricidal war, mutual cruelty of people, the life-giving force of nature.)

    The ending of what work could you compare with this episode? (Reading these lines, we involuntarily recall the finale of the novel "Fathers and Sons": "No matter how passionate, sinful, rebellious heart hides in the grave, the flowers growing on it serenely look at us with their innocent eyes: they talk about more than one eternal calmness to us they, about that great tranquility of "indifferent nature" they talk about eternal reconciliation and about endless life ... ")

III. Closing remarks from the teacher

Boris Vasiliev saw in “Quiet Don” the reflection of the main thing in the civil war: “monstrous fluctuations, throwing of a normal, calm family man. One fate shows the entire break in society. Let him be a Cossack, all the same he is, first of all, a peasant, a farmer. He is the breadwinner. And the breaking of this breadwinner is the whole civil war. "

From episode to episode, the tragic discrepancy between the inner aspirations of Grigory Melekhov and the life around him grows.

V. Kozhinov writes that “Quiet Don” was most often interpreted as a recreation of the deadly battle between the reds and whites. Sholokhov was accused of White Guards. Yagoda signed a decree on the execution of the Cossack Kharlampy Ermakov, the main real prototype of Grigory Melekhov. The third book "Quiet Don", dedicated to the Upper Don Cossack uprising in 1919, was refused to be published: to pity the "reactionaries" as a living part of a single people, to pity their families, their children were not supposed to.

Sholokhov met and talked with Stalin, who demanded that the image of Kornilov be "toughened up" and accused Sholokhov of sympathizing with the White Guards. True, Stalin agreed with the writer that “the depiction of the course of events in the third book of The Quiet Don works for us” (the depiction of the defeat of the White Guards in the Don and Kuban).

They tried to recommend Sholokhov to "re-educate", "reforge" Grigory Melekhov into a Bolshevik, to bring him together with the proletariat, as Alexei Tolstoy "re-educated" his hero, the white officer Vadim Roshchin in "Walking through the agony". The author of the novel "Quiet Flows the Don" showed steadfastness and courage, defending the artistic and life truth. The novel was completed in 1940 and was awarded the State Prize.

The novel is addressed not to today's, but to the eternal confrontation, V. Kozhinov believes. The eternal "battle of the devil with God" is exacerbated during the revolution, which is the exposure of the tragic foundation of human life. The novel depicts the cruel, monstrous face of the Revolution. Moreover, this cruelty is shown as a natural reality of human life in a revolutionary era.

(Let's remember "Ninety-third year" by V. Hugo).

But the heroes of The Quiet Don, who commit terrible deeds, ultimately remain people in the full sense of the word, people capable of performing disinterested, noble deeds - the devil still does not triumph over the divine.

    What does the author oppose to the cruelty of the class struggle, to the tragedy of the split of the people? (Rejecting violent death (execution of Podtelkov, Lakhachev, murder of Cossacks - part 6, chapter 24), Sholokhov opposes the harmony of an eternal, endless world to it (we find symbols: a birch tree with brown buds; an eagle floating over the steppe; quiet Don, breaking ice floes separating the warring ones).

IV.Homework

Complete the plot plan "The Fate of Grigory Melekhov".

Sections: Literature

The purpose of the lesson: to determine with the students the essence of the Sholokhov concept of the civil war in the epic novel.

Lesson objectives: learn to work with the text, find the “keys” in it to answer a question, comprehend, select the “zest” in the text for yourself.

Epigraph to the lesson:

“In a civil war there are no right and wrong, no just and unjust, no angels and no demons, just like there are no victors. There are only the vanquished in it - all of us, all the people, all of Russia ”.

Boris Vasiliev

“This is an epic in the full sense of the word, reflecting the most important thing in our civil war - monstrous fluctuations, throwing of a normal, calm family man. And this is done, from my point of view, great. One fate shows the entire break in society. Even if he is a Cossack, he is still primarily a peasant, a farmer. And now the breaking of this breadwinner is the whole civil war in my understanding ”

Boris Vasiliev

Introductory speech of the teacher.

Quiet Don is a novel about the fate of the people in a critical era. But he is concretely historical in his plot, and the fates of the heroes are correlated with this historical reality. Therefore, in order to understand a novel, one must turn to the reality addressed in it. Sholokhov tells about the difficult morale of the people, who have been driven to despair. And when he takes up a checker, he loses a measure of restraint and discretion. Blood is shed from both sides.

What are the public views of the writer himself? He is against violence, especially if it is committed in a form that destroys all moral norms. Sholokhov does not forgive cruelty to anyone. Violation of the law of humanity is a grave crime that has no justification. This is how the people think. Sholokhov, the spokesman for his thoughts and psychology, thinks so.

  1. Communication of the topic, purpose, objectives of the lesson.
  2. Defining the essence of the Sholokhov concept of the civil war, I would like to draw your attention, guys, and the attention of guests to the reflections of modern writers and historians, who have a new vision of the events of those years. So Boris Vasiliev states: (reading epigraph to the lesson).

Vocabulary work

The essence is the most important, essential.

A concept is a system of views on something, a basic idea.

The epic novel "Quiet Don" convinces us of the truth of what has been said. Sholokhov was one of those who first spoke of the civil war as the greatest tragedy with dire consequences. What explains that level the truth researchers? Where did Sholokhov get this The truth ?

Truth

Similar to Leo Tolstoy in the story “Hadji Murad”. "The human world, stirred up by the revolution ..."

But how does Sholokhov draw, this human world, stirred up by the revolution?

Vocabulary work:

Anticipation - that is, to do something ahead of time.

So Sholokhov in part 5 of the novel in chapter 1 (ending) writes “ Until January at the Tatarsky farm ... "(an excerpt is read)

What combination of words is in this passage key?

they will break the usual way of life of the Don Cossacks. That is why the essence of the events depicted in the novel tragic because it affects the fate of huge sections of the population. It is huge:

How many characters are there in the epic novel? (More than seven hundred)

  1. The main
  2. Episodic
  3. Named by name
  4. Unnamed

And Sholokhov is worried about their fate.

So what happened on the Don during the civil war? As Sholokhov himself calls it phenomenon civil war?

Decorating the Cossacks

those. the essence of the Sholokhov concept in the novel is to show how it actually happened. (DISTRIBUTION OF THE COSSACKS)

What was it accompanied by?

massive terror.

Let's turn to the text of the novel, to its episodes

  • Mass Terror Part 6 Ch 19 (Reading an excerpt of the text)
  • The atrocities of the red part 6 ch 16 (reading an excerpt of the text)
  • The list of those executed part 6, chapter 24 (reading an excerpt of the text)

How does Sholokhov portray this time?

How does the future draw?

"All Obdonye lived a secret, crushed life ... haze hung over the future"

Sholokhov is talking about this!

And how do the Cossacks perceive this time?

Petro Melekhov (on the division of the people) part 6, chapter 2 (reading an excerpt of the text)

Miron Grigorievich (about life), part 6, chapter 19 (reading an excerpt of the text)

- What will Sholokhov say about people?

“The people were full of people, they became mad,” that is, they became evil, cruel brutalized

Pay attention to what correct words Mikhail Sholokhov chooses!

And today we cannot pass by those scenes that depict this cruelty

"... And in Ponomarev they were still puffing ..." (part 5, chapter 30) (reading a fragment of the text)

- Why is Sholokhov not looking for the right and the wrong, but only lists?

- What happens in the world is split in two?

Murder is a violent interruption of life, the right to which is not given to a person and is not justified nothing!

Therefore, he does not justify anyone or blame anyone.

How does he feel about a violent death?

Rejects!

What did he oppose to cruelty?

Students talk about symbols.

It is difficult to stop a person when his mind is darkened by enmity and revenge .

Who takes revenge and to whom?

Mishka Koshevoy shot grandfather Grishaka, burned Korshunov's kuren and 7 more houses !!

Mitka Korshunov "cut out the entire family of Koshevoy, the same Mishka Koshevoy kills Peter Melekhov, and then becomes the son-in-law of the Melekhovs."

But can revenge be stopped?

And who, according to Sholokhov, can stop the cruelty, reflect on the meaning of life?

Wordless nature!

She is devoid of passions and fulfills the mission given to her: SUPPORTS THE CELEBRATION

Therefore, in 1928, many were surprised by the unusual in our literature - the ending of the second book of the novel. A civil war is raging on the Don, people are dying, they died in the same way without trial Red Armyman Knave. (read out the scene of the funeral of the Red Army soldier Knave).

So, what two realities of life collide in one episode? What are they carrying?

Can be given as D / Z.

So what does the mournful face of the mother of God remind of? What is the essence of this inscription?

- What did Sholokhov remind of us, our generation, who lived then? What does it teach?

- What is the main idea advocating?

So nature chooses life.

People are at a crossroads, they are looking, rushing about. Their harsh time presented them with a choice.

Part 6, Chapter 16.

Which side are you holding on to?

You seem to have accepted the red faith?

Were you in white? White? Officer, eh?

These questions were asked to the same person - the main character of the novel by M. A. Sholokhov

Grigory Melekhov.

Does he answer them?

He is tired.

From what?

From wars.

So what do you think the essence civil war?

In breaking a man! In his inconstancy, hesitation of throwing gives rise to malice enmity revenge in brutality.

Leo Tolstoy spoke about this in the story "Hadji - Murat"

And what is Sholokhov's concept?

Stop the fratricidal war!

And what about Babel's concept?

Rejects war.

And Fadeev?

Shows the withdrawal of a person (Levinson).

His actions are justified by a higher purpose.

This is how Boris Vasiliev interprets his position. (Reading the writing on the board)

That is why the dream of the protagonist of the novel Grigory Melekhov live a peaceful worker, a family man, but it is constantly destroyed by the cruelty of the civil war.

And again the contrast, but already emotional!

And so from episode, to episode, the tragic discrepancy of inner aspirations grows Grigory Melekhov and the surrounding life.

Internally, his striving as a person for the world

In the life around - war.

So what will happen to the man, Grigory Melekhov, who did not accept this warring world, this “bewildered” existence? What will happen to him if he, like a female bustard, which cannot be frightened off by volleys of guns, having passed all the roads of war, stubbornly strives for peace, life, for work on earth?

Sholokhov does not answer these questions. With his "Quiet Don" the writer M. Sholokhov also refers to our time, teaches to look for moral and aesthetic values ​​not on the path of class intolerance and war. Judging by the present time, one of the pressing issues in our time is the interethnic conflict. There is still a civil war going on inside Russia. (Chechnya, Nagorno-Karabakh) It is necessary to look for these values ​​on the peace and humanism, brotherhood and mercy.

Russia today is also in the throes of a great redistribution, it is in the world is split in two, she is still at the crossroads. What will happen to her? What will happen to us?

And I want to end today's lesson with the words of F.I. Tyutchev. He was right when he said:

You can't understand Russia with your mind,
A common yardstick cannot be measured:
She has a special become -
You can only believe in Russia.

And really, I want to believe that it will win after all intelligence... Otherwise it is impossible, impossible.

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