Why is Grisha Dobrosklonov considered a happy person? Urgently needed, help! Who does Nekrasov consider truly happy and why?

Nekrasov, the great Russian writer, created many works in which he sought to reveal something new to the world. The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is no exception. The most important hero for revealing the theme is Grisha Dobrosklonov, a simple peasant with complex desires and thoughts.

Prototype

The last to be mentioned, but the first most important image of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is Grisha Dobrosklonov. According to the poet’s sister Butkevich A.A., the artist Dobrolyubov became the hero. Butkevich said this for a reason. Firstly, such statements were made by Nekrasov himself, and secondly, this is confirmed by the consonance of surnames, the character of the hero and the attitude of the prototype towards selfless and purposeful fighters acting on the side of the people.

Tverdokhlebov I. Yu. believes that the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov is a kind of cast of the features of such famous figures as Belinsky, Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky, who together create the ideal of a hero of the revolution. It should also be noted that Nekrasov did not ignore new type a public figure - a populist, who combined the features of both a revolutionary and a religious activist.

Common features

The image of Grigory Dobrosklonov demonstrates that he is a prominent representative of the propagandist of the revolution, who seeks to prepare the masses for the fight against capitalist foundations. The features of this hero embodied the most romantic traits revolutionary youth.

When considering this hero, we must also take into account that Nekrasov began to create him in 1876, i.e., at a time when “going to the people” was already complicated by many factors. Some scenes of the work confirm that Grisha was preceded by “wandering” propagandists.

As for Nekrasov’s attitude towards ordinary working people, here he expressed his special attitude. He is a revolutionary who lived and grew up in Vakhlachin. People's Defender Grisha Dobrosklonov is a hero who knows his people well, understands all the troubles and sorrows that have befallen them. He is one of them, therefore he does not raise doubts or suspicions among an ordinary man. Grisha is the poet's hope, his bet on representatives of the revolutionary peasantry.

Composite image

The poet himself notes that in the image of Grisha he captured the features that were characteristic of the revolutionary-minded youth of the 1860-1870s, the French communards and progressive representatives of the peasantry. Researchers claim that the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov is somewhat schematic. But this is easily explained by the fact that Nekrasov was creating a new historical type hero and could not fully portray everything I wanted in him. This was influenced by the conditions that accompanied the creation of the new type, and by the historical features of the time.

Nekrasov reveals his vision of a public figure, specifying deep historical roots the struggle of the people, depicting the spiritual and political connection of the hero with the fate and hopes of the people, systematizing them in the images of specific individuals and individual characteristics biographies.

Characteristics of the hero

Image people's defender Grisha Dobrosklonova describes simple guy from a people who are eager to fight the established social strata. He stands on the same level as ordinary peasants and is no different from them. Already at the very beginning of its life path he learned what need, hunger and poverty are, and realized that these phenomena must be resisted. For him, the order that reigned in the seminary was the result of an unjust social structure. Already during his studies, he realized all the hardships of seminary life and was able to comprehend them.

In the 60s of the 19th century, seminarians grew up reading the works of freedom-loving Russian authors. Many writers emerged from among clerical students, for example, Pomyalovsky, Levitov, Chernyshevsky and others. Revolutionary tempering, closeness to the people and natural abilities make the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov a symbol of the people's leader. The character of the young seminarian contains characteristic youthful traits, such as spontaneity and shyness, combined with dedication and strong will.

Hero's feelings

Grisha Dobrosklonov is full of love, which he pours out on his suffering mother, on his homeland and people. The poem even contains a specific reflection of his love for ordinary people, whom he helps “to the best of his ability.” He reaps, mows, sows and celebrates holidays together with ordinary peasants. He loves spending time with other kids, wandering through the forest and picking mushrooms.

He sees his personal, personal happiness in the happiness of others, in peasant joy. It is not so easy to protect the humiliated, but Grisha Dobrosklonov does everything to ease the fate of the disadvantaged.

Revealing the image

Grisha reveals his feelings through songs, and through them he points the way to the happiness of a simple man. The first song is addressed to the intelligentsia, whom the hero seeks to encourage to protect the common people - this is what Grisha Dobrosklonov is all about. The characteristics of the next song can be explained simply: he motivates the people to fight, strives to teach the peasants “to be citizens.” After all, this is precisely the goal of his life - he longs to improve the life of the poor class.

The image of Grisha Dobrosklonov is revealed not only in songs, but also in his noble, radiant anthem. The seminarian devotes himself to chanting the time when revolution will become possible in Rus'. To explain whether there will be a revolution in the future or whether it has already sprouted its first shoots, Nekrasov used the image of the “third year,” which is mentioned four times in the poem. This is not a historical detail, the city burned to the ground is a symbol of the overthrow of the fortress foundations.

Conclusion

The awareness of wandering men who are trying to figure out who is living well in Rus', how they can use their powers to improve the lives of the people, is the result of the poem. They realized that the only way to make people happy is to eradicate the “fortress”, to make everyone free - Grisha Dobrosklonov pushes them to such an idea. The characteristics of his image emphasize the existence of two main problem lines: who is “happier” and who is “more sinful” - which are resolved as a result. The happiest for Grisha are the fighters for the people's happiness, and the most sinful are the traitors of the people. Grigory Dobrosklonov is new revolutionary hero, the engine of the historical force that will secure freedom.

Grisha Dobrosklonov is fundamentally different from the other characters in the poem. If the life of the peasant woman Matryona Timofeevna, Yakim Nagogo, Savely, Ermil Girin and many others is shown in submission to fate and prevailing circumstances, then Grisha has a completely different attitude to life. The poem shows Grisha's childhood and tells about his father and mother. His life was more than hard, his father was lazy and poor:

Poorer than seedy
The last peasant
Tryphon lived.
Two closets:
One with a smoking stove,
Another fathom is summer,
And all this is short-lived;
No cow, no horse,
There was a dog Itchy,
There was a cat - and they left.

This was Grisha’s father; he cared least of all about what his wife and children ate.

The sexton boasted about his children,
And what do they eat -
And I forgot to think.
He himself was always hungry,
Everything was spent on searching,
Where to drink, where to eat.

Grisha's mother died early, she was destroyed by constant sorrows and worries about her daily bread. The poem contains a song that tells about the fate of this poor woman. The song cannot leave any reader indifferent, because it is evidence of enormous, inescapable human grief. The lyrics of the song are very simple, they tell how a child suffering from hunger asks his mother for a piece of bread and salt. But salt is too expensive for poor people to buy it. And the mother, in order to feed her son, waters a piece of bread with her tears. Grisha remembered this song from childhood. She made him remember his unfortunate mother, grieve over her fate.

And soon in the boy's heart
With love to the poor mother
Love for all the wahlacina
Merged - and about fifteen years
Grigory knew for sure
What will live for happiness
A wretched and dark Good Corner.

Gregory does not agree to submit to fate and lead the same sad and wretched life that is typical of most people around him. Grisha chooses a different path for himself and becomes a people's intercessor. He is not afraid that his life will not be easy.

Fate had in store for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
People's Defender,
Consumption and Siberia.

Since childhood, Grisha lived among wretched, unhappy, despised and helpless people. He absorbed all the people's troubles with his mother's milk, so he does not want and cannot live for the sake of his selfish interests. He is very smart, has a strong character. And brings him to new road, does not allow one to remain indifferent to national disasters. Gregory's reflections on the fate of the people testify to the liveliest compassion that makes Grisha choose such a difficult path for himself. In the soul of Grisha Dobrosklonov, confidence is gradually maturing that his homeland will not perish, despite all the suffering and sorrows that befell it:

In moments of despondency, O Motherland!
My thoughts fly forward.
You are still destined to suffer a lot,
But you won't die, I know.

Gregory’s reflections, which “poured out in song,” reveal him to be very literate and educated person. He is knowledgeable about political problems Russia, and fate common people inseparable from these problems and difficulties. Historically, Russia “was a deeply unhappy country, depressed, slavishly lawless.” The shameful seal of serfdom turned the common people into powerless creatures, and all the problems caused by this cannot be discounted. Consequences Tatar-Mongol yoke also had a significant impact on the formation national character. The Russian man combines slavish submission to fate, and this is the main cause of all his troubles.
The image of Grigory Dobrosklonov is closely connected with revolutionary democratic ideas that began to appear in society in the middle of the 19th century. Nekrasov created his hero, focusing on the fate of N.A. Dobrolyubov. Grigory Dobrosklonov is a type of commoner revolutionary. He was born into the family of a poor sexton, and from childhood he felt all the disasters characteristic of the life of the common people. Grigory received an education, and besides, being an intelligent and enthusiastic person, he cannot remain indifferent to the current situation in the country. Grigory understands perfectly well that for Russia there is now only one way out - radical changes social order. The common people can no longer be the same dumb community of slaves that meekly tolerates all the antics of their masters:

Enough! Finished with past settlement,
The settlement with the master has been completed!
The Russian people are gathering strength
And learns to be a citizen.

The image of Grigory Dobrosklonov in Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” inspires hope in the moral and political revival of Rus', in changes in the consciousness of the ordinary Russian people.
The ending of the poem shows that people's happiness is possible. And even if it is still far from the moment when an ordinary person can call himself happy. But time will pass- and everything will change. And far from it last role Grigory Dobrosklonov and his ideas will play a role in this.

Grisha Dobrosklonov: character story

“Who lives happily and freely in Rus'?” Russian schoolchildren are trying to find the answer to this question together with. The writer’s poem about men’s wanderings around the world in search of a happy man is called an encyclopedia folk wisdom. The epic work “Who Lives Well in Rus'” contains many characters, and only at the end does he appear main character who turns out to be the lucky one is Grisha Dobrosklonov. The “People's Defender” dreams of the Motherland rising from its knees and the people gaining true freedom.

History of creation

The idea of ​​writing an epic in verse about the life of the Russian people, as a summation of the experience and observations of the revolutionary poet, came to Nikolai Nekrasov in the late 1850s. The writer took as a basis personal impressions of communicating with ordinary people, and also relied on some literary works.

So, the main source of inspiration was “Notes of a Hunter”. Here Nekrasov spied colorful images of characters and central messages. And only in 1863, when the country had already lived for two years without the shackles of serfdom, the writer sat down to work, eventually spending 14 years collecting and preparing the material.

As planned folk poem showed the unfolding destinies of various strata of society - from peasants to the ruler of the state. The main characters are looking for happy people on Russian soil, they had to travel from their native villages to St. Petersburg, where they would even meet with the Tsar. The journey lasted for a year, fitting into eight parts. However, the plan was not destined to come true - the seriously ill author managed to give the world only four chapters.

As parts were completed, they were published in the magazines Sovremennik and Domestic notes" Today the poem looks the same as it was published, because the author did not have time to clarify the “correct” composition:

• "Prologue";
• "Last One";
• "Peasant Woman";
• "A feast for the whole world."

The last chapter did not reach the reader during Nikolai Nekrasov’s lifetime. It was published three years after the death of the author, and then with serious censorship edits. Before his death, the writer changed his plan, trying to convey main idea, and did open ending, where the most significant character appears - Grisha Dobrosklonov, who became the desired lucky man.

There was no time left to develop the image, so readers saw only a hint of the intended outcome of the poem. Feeling the end of his life, Nikolai Alekseevich lamented:

“One thing I deeply regret is that I did not finish my poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”

The writer tried to make the poem as accessible as possible to perception ordinary people, therefore, I tried to introduce the rhythm of folk tales into my work, adding a scattering of songs, sayings and sayings, and dialect words.

In the work there was a place for details from fairy tales: a self-assembled tablecloth, the number “seven” (so many wanderers went in search of happiness), a bird that can speak in a human voice, the uncertainty of time and place (“in which land - guess” echoes the phrase from folklore “ in some kingdom, in some state").

Plot and image

One day on pillar path“Seven peasants met, and a dispute ensued between them about who would live well in Rus'. Each voiced his own assumption: for sure, the lucky ones are among the priests, landowners, officials, merchants, and boyars. And finally, the king lives freely. TO unanimous opinion It was not possible to come, so the men went in search of a happy man to personally verify his existence.

The road leads travelers to the Volga, where the heroes meet peasants who are hiding the abolition of serfdom from the crazy old landowner. In exchange, the rich man’s relatives promise to give the peasants floodplain meadows after his death. However, they never keep their word.

A rumor that a “good-witted” and successful “governor” lives in a certain city leads wanderers to Matryona Timofeevna. However, she disappoints them, claiming that in Rus' there is no trace of female happiness. In the chapter “A Feast for the Whole World,” the peasants of a village on the Volga organize a celebration to mark the death of a landowner. Grisha Dobrosklonov, the 17-year-old son of a priest, appears among the initiators of the party.

The author created the image of a people's defender with a difficult life story. The young man was born into the family of a lazy beggar sexton and a farm laborer from a remote village. Hungry childhood, seminary, where I also had a hard time... The support and generosity of neighboring peasants helped me not to die of hunger, so love for the common people with early years originated in the heart of the hero.

From the character’s description it is clear that Grisha Dobrosklonov sees happiness not in personal good, but in making life easier and simpler for the people. The meaning of his life path is contained in the phrase:

"...and about fifteen years
Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
Native corner."

Image analysis and public position Nekrasova answer the question why Dobrosklonov is happy. The hero stands apart from the scattering of characters in the poem; he is distinguished by his rebellious character and special perception of life. All other characters demonstrate submission to fate and become victims of circumstances. And Grisha is a fighter, the embodied fruit of the author’s thoughts on the paths that would lead Russian people to well-being.

According to critics, the character becomes a continuation of the image, the hero of Ivan Turgenev’s work “Fathers and Sons”, but unlike him, the young man from literary work Nekrasov is not alone; a revolutionary fire has already thoroughly flared up in the minds of people.

The poem contains a description of an intelligent democrat, born and raised in a poor outback, who seeks the truth in books and kills time thinking. Dobrosklonov is a poet who sings songs imbued with revolutionary optimism. The author’s attitude towards the hero is warm: Nikolai Nekrasov put into Grisha his own traits and thoughts about the triumph of democracy.

The artistic outline of the work is woven from random meetings and conversations, individual destinies are intertwined in it, and all together creates a picture of poor, dirty and drunken Rus', standing on the threshold of change.

The work never came to the attention of the directors. Although in 1989 the namesake of the poem appeared - the film “Who Lives Well in Rus'” was released with, and starring. But the picture does not echo Nekrasov’s poem: the actions take place in post-war years 20th century.

Quotes

“He heard immense strength in his chest,
The sounds of grace delighted his ears,
The radiant sounds of the noble hymn -
He sang the embodiment of people's happiness!

“Fate had prepared for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
People's Defender,
Consumption and Siberia."

“To feel sorry - to regret skillfully...”

“And I would be glad to go to heaven, but where is the door?”

“To be intolerant is an abyss! To endure is an abyss.”

“Oh mother! oh homeland!
We are not sad about ourselves, -
I feel sorry for you, dear.”

“Russian peasants are smart,
One thing is bad
That they drink until they are stupefied,
They fall into ditches, into ditches -
It’s a shame to see!”

This hero appears in the chapter “A Feast for the Whole World,” and the entire epilogue of the poem is dedicated to him.

“Gregory has a thin, pale face and thin, curly hair with a tinge of redness.”

The hero is a seminarian. His family lives in the village of Bolshie Vakhlaki in great poverty. Only thanks to the help of other peasants did she manage to get D. and his brother back on their feet. Their mother, “an unrequited farmhand for everyone who helped her in any way on a rainy day,” died early. In D.’s mind, her image is inseparable from the image of her homeland: “In the boy’s heart, With love for his poor mother, Love for the entire Vakhlatchin has merged.” Since the age of 15, D. has dreamed of devoting his life to the people, fighting for their better life: “God grant that my fellow countrymen And every peasant may live freely and cheerfully throughout all holy Rus'!” For this, D. is going to go to Moscow to study. In the meantime, he and his brother are helping the peasants here: writing letters for them, explaining their possibilities after the abolition of serfdom, etc. D. puts his observations on life and his thoughts into songs that the peasants know and love. The author notes that D. is marked with “the seal of the gift of God.” He should, according to Nekrasov, be an example for all progressive intelligentsia. The author puts his beliefs and thoughts into his mouth.

The type of democratic intellectual, a native of the people, is embodied in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the son of a farm laborer and a semi-impoverished sexton. If not for the kindness and generosity of the peasants, Grisha and his brother Savva could have died of hunger. And the young men respond to the peasants with love. This love filled Grisha’s heart from an early age and determined his path:

About fifteen years old

Gregory already knew for sure

What will live for happiness

Wretched and dark

Native corner

It is important for Nekrasov to convey to the reader the idea that Dobrosklonov is not alone, that he is from a cohort of brave in spirit and pure in heart, those who fight for the happiness of the people:

Rus' has already sent a lot

His sons, marked

The seal of God's gift,

On honest paths

I cried for a lot of them...

If in the era of the Decembrists they stood up to defend the people the best people from the nobles, now the people themselves send their best sons from among themselves to battle, and this is especially important because it testifies to the awakening of national self-awareness:

No matter how dark the vahlachina is,

No matter how crammed with corvée

And slavery - and she,

Having been blessed, I placed

In Grigory Dobrosklonov

Such a messenger.

Grisha’s path is a typical path of a commoner democrat: a hungry childhood, a seminary, “where it was dark, cold, gloomy, strict, hungry,” but where he read a lot and thought a lot...

Fate had in store for him

The path is glorious, the name is loud

People's Defender,

Consumption and Siberia.

And yet the poet paints the image of Dobrosklonov in joyful, bright colors. Grisha has found true happiness, and the country whose people bless “such a messenger” for battle should become happy.

The image of Grisha contains not only the features of the leaders of revolutionary democracy, whom Nekrasov loved and revered so much, but also the features of the author of the poem himself. After all, Grigory Dobrosklonov is a poet, and a poet of the Nekrasov movement, a poet-citizen.

The chapter “A Feast for the Whole World” includes songs created by Grisha. These are joyful songs, full of hope, the peasants sing them as if they were their own. Revolutionary optimism is heard in the song “Rus”:

The army rises - innumerable,

The strength in her will be indestructible!

The very appearance of Grisha as actor serves in the general concept of the chapter “A Feast for the Whole World” as a guarantee of the growth and impending victory of new beginnings. The final chapter of the poem " Good time- good songs” is completely connected with his image. People go home. A good time in his life has not yet come, he does not sing cheerful songs yet,

Another end to suffering

Far from the people

The sun is still far away

but a premonition of this liberation permeates the chapter, giving it a cheerful, joyful tone. It is no coincidence that the action unfolds against the backdrop of a morning landscape, a picture of the sun rising over the expanse of Volga meadows.

In the proof of “The Feast...”, donated by Nekrasov to A.F. Koni, the final chapter had the heading: “Epilogue. Grisha Dobrosklonov." It is very important that the final last chapter Nekrasov considered the plot-incomplete poem as an epilogue, as a logical completion of its main ideological and semantic lines, moreover, he associated the possibility of this completion with the figure of Grigory Dobrosklonov.

Introducing the image of the young man Grisha Dobrosklonov into the final chapter of the poem, the author gave an answer to the question, in the name of what a person should live and what his highest purpose and happiness consist of, brought about by reflection and experience throughout his life. Thus, the ethical problem “Who can live well in Rus'” was completed. In the dying lyrical cycle " Latest songs", which was created simultaneously with the chapter “A Feast for the Whole World", Nekrasov expresses the unshakable conviction that the highest content human life is altruistic service to the “great goals of the century”:

Who, serving the great goals of the age,

He gives his life completely

To fight for a man's brother,

Only he will outlive himself... (“Zine”)

According to Nekrasov’s plan, Grisha Dobrosklonov also belongs to this type of people who completely devote their lives to the fight “for the brother of man.” For him there is no greater happiness than serving the people:

Share of the people

His happiness

Light and freedom

First of all!

He lives in order for his fellow countrymen

And every peasant

Life was free and fun

All over holy Rus'!

Like the hero of the poem “In Memory of Dobrolyubov,” Nekrasov classifies Grisha as one of those “special” people, “marked / with the seal of God’s gift,” without whom “the field of life would die out.” This comparison is not accidental. It is well known that, when creating the image of Dobrosklonov, Nekrasov gave the hero certain similarities with Dobrolyubov, a man who knew how to find happiness in the struggle for the “great goals of the century.” But, as mentioned above, when drawing the moral and psychological image of Dobrosklonov, Nekrasov relied not only on memories of the great sixties, but also on the facts that the practice of the revolutionary populist movement of the 70s gave him.

As planned artistic image the young man Grigory Dobrosklonov was a poet and wanted to embody the features of the spiritual appearance of the revolutionary youth of that time. After all, this is about them in the poem:

Rus' has already sent a lot

His sons, marked

The seal of God's gift,

On honest paths.

After all, “fate” did not prepare it for them, but prepared (as in the past for Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky) “consumption and Siberia.” Nekrasov and Grisha Dobrosklonova equate these people, marked with the “seal of God’s gift”: “No matter how dark Vakhlachina is,” she too

Having been blessed, I placed

In Grigory Dobrosklonov

Such a messenger.

And apparently, at a certain stage of work on the “Epilogue,” Nekrasov wrote the famous quatrain about the hero’s future:

Fate had in store for him

The path is glorious, the name is loud

People's Defender,

Consumption and Siberia.

We must not forget about the lyrical basis of the image of Grisha. Nekrasov perceived the struggle for “the people’s share, / Their happiness” as his personal, vital matter. And in a painful time

illness, mercilessly punishing himself for insufficient practical participation in this struggle (“Songs prevented me from being a fighter...”), the poet, however, found support and consolation in the knowledge that his poetry, his “muse cut with a whip,” helps the movement towards victory It is no coincidence that the author of “Who in Rus'...” made Grisha a poet. Into the image young hero He put the best part of himself into the poem, into his heart - his feelings, into his mouth - his songs. This lyrical fusion of the author’s personality with the image of the young poet is especially well revealed by the draft manuscripts of the chapter.

Reading the “Epilogue,” we sometimes no longer distinguish where Grisha is and where the author-narrator, the great national poet Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov, is. Let’s try to separate Grisha from Nekrasov, the result from the intention and, using only the text of the poem (including draft versions), take a closer look at how the son of the drunkard sexton Tryfon and the toiler Domna, seventeen-year-old seminarian Grisha Dobrosklonov, appears on the pages of the “Epilogue” of the poem. Nekrasov said that the “originality” of his poetic work lies in “reality”, reliance on the facts of reality. And we remember that the poet brought back many stories from his hunting trips to the outback of Russia. In 1876, Nekrasov no longer went hunting, did not talk around the fire with the surrounding men, but even though he was bedridden, he still tried to “keep in touch” with the world, to rely on some real facts.

After talking with the Vakhlaks, Grisha goes “to the fields, to the meadows” for the rest of the night and, being in an elevated state of mind, composes poems and songs. So I saw a barge hauler walking and composed the poem “Barge Hauler”, in which he sincerely wishes this worker returning home: “God grant that he can get there and rest!” It’s more difficult with the “song” “In moments of despondency, O Motherland!”, which is a lengthy reflection on the historical destinies of Russia from ancient times to the present, written in the traditions of the civil lyrics of Nekrasov’s time and would quite naturally sound in a collection of Nekrasov’s poems. But the archaic civil vocabulary of the verse (“companion of the Slav’s days,” “Russian maiden,” “draws to shame”) does not fit in with the image of seventeen-year-old Grisha, who grew up in the village of Bolshie Vakhlaki. And if N.A. Nekrasov, as a result of his life and creative path came to the conclusion that

The Russian people are gathering strength

And learns to be a citizen,

Grisha Dobrosklonov, who was raised by the dark vahlachina, could not have known this. And the key to understanding the essence of Grisha’s image is the song that the seminary brothers Grisha and Savva sing as they leave the Vakhlat “feast”:

Share of the people

His happiness

Light and freedom

First of all!

We're a little

We ask God:

Fair deal

Do it skillfully

Give us strength!

What kind of “honest deed” do young seminarians pray to God for? The word “deed” in those days also had revolutionary connotations. So, is Grisha (and Savva too) eager to join the ranks of revolutionary fighters? But here the word “business” is placed next to the words “working life.” Or maybe Grisha, who in the future “rushes” to Moscow, “to join the nobility”, dreams of becoming “a sower of knowledge in the people’s field”, “to sow the reasonable, the good, the eternal” and asks God for help in this honest and difficult matter? What is more associated with Grisha’s dream of an “honest cause”, the punishing sword of the “demon of rage” or the calling song of the “angel of mercy”?

A. I. Gruzdev, in the process of preparing the 5th volume of Nekrasov’s academic publication, carefully studied the manuscripts and all materials related to “The Feast...”, came to the conclusion that by painting the image of Grisha, Nekrasov increasingly freed him from the aura of revolutionism and sacrifice: the quatrain about consumption and Siberia was crossed out, instead of “To whom he will give his whole life / And for whom he will die,” the line “Who will live for happiness ...” appeared.

So the “honest cause” to which Grigory Dobrosklonov dreams of dedicating his life is increasingly becoming synonymous with “dedicated work for the education and benefit of the people.”

So, a happy man is depicted in the poem, although truth-seekers are not allowed to know this. Grisha is happy, happy with the dream that with his life and work he will make at least some contribution to the cause of “embodiing the people's happiness.” It seems that the text of the chapter does not provide sufficient grounds to interpret the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov as the image of a young revolutionary, which has become almost trivial in non-beauty studies. But the point, apparently, is that in the reader’s mind this image is somehow doubled, for there is a certain gap between the character Grisha - a guy from the village of “Bolshie Vakhlaki” (a young seminarian with a poetic soul and a sensitive heart) and several author’s declarations, in which it is equated to the category " special people“, marked with the “seal of God’s gift”, people who “like a falling star” sweep across the horizon of Russian life. These declarations apparently come from the poet’s original intention to paint the image of a revolutionary who emerged from the depths of the people, an intention from which Nekrasov gradually moved away.

One way or another, the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov somehow falls out of the picture with its outline and ethereality. figurative system epics, where every figure, even a fleeting glimpse, is visible and tangible. The epic underdrawing of Grisha’s image cannot be explained by reference to the ferocity of censorship. There are immutable laws of realistic creativity, from which even Nekrasov could not be free. He, as we remember, gave great importance the image of Dobrosklonov, but when working on it, the poet lacked “reality”, direct life impressions for the artistic realization of his plans. Just as seven men were not given the opportunity to know about Grisha’s happiness, the reality of the 70s did not give Nekrasov the “building material” to create a full-fledged realistic image of the “people’s protector” who emerged from the depths of the people’s sea.

"Epilogue. Grisha Dobrosklonov,” wrote Nekrasov. And although Nekrasov connected the “Epilogue” with Grisha, let us allow ourselves, by separating Nekrasov from Grisha, to connect the epilogue, the result of the entire epic “Who Lives Well in Rus'” with the voice of the poet himself, who said the last word to his contemporaries. It seems strange that epic poem- lyrical finale, two confessional songs of a dying poet: “In the midst of the low world...” and “Rus”. But with these songs Nekrasov himself, without hiding behind the characters created by his pen, strives to give an answer to two questions that permeate the poem from beginning to end: about the understanding of happiness human personality and about the paths to people's happiness.

Only a highly civic, and not a consumerist, attitude to life can give a person a feeling of happiness. It seems that Nekrasov’s appeal to the democratic intelligentsia played a role in the formation of its civic consciousness.