Why can Pechorin be called a contradictory nature? Essay on the contradiction in the character of Pechorin based on the novel by Lermontov, a hero of our time

Lermontov was always concerned about the issue of creating an image noble hero The 1930s, the era of the “dark decade,” when every free thought was persecuted and every living feeling was suppressed. The poet's sad thoughts about the fate of advanced people in the post-Decembrist period public life appear in many lyric poems:

I look sadly at our generation,
His future is either empty or dark.

“A Hero of Our Time” is a novel that embodies Lermontov’s innermost plan. The construction of the novel is peculiar. Lermontov deliberately violated chronological sequence so that the reader’s attention shifts from events to the inner world of the characters, to the world of feelings and experiences.
The main attention is paid to Pechorin in the novel. Lermontov first gives the opportunity to find out other people’s opinions about Pechorin, and then what this young nobleman thinks about himself.
Doom developed in Pechorin during his life in the capital. The result of complete disappointment in everything was “nervous weakness.” Fearless Pechorin was frightened by the knocking of the shutters, although he was hunting a wild boar alone and was terrified of catching a cold. This inconsistency characterizes the “disease” of an entire generation. In Pechorin, it’s as if two people live, rationality and feeling, mind and heart are fighting. The hero states: “I have long lived not with my heart, but with my head.” I weigh and examine my own passions and actions with strict curiosity, but without participation."
Grigory Pechorin lives without a goal, without hope, without love. He’s tired of everything, the world has become boring, he even despises himself: “Perhaps I’ll die somewhere on the road. Well, I’ll die like that. The loss for the world is small; and I’m already pretty bored myself.
What hopelessness emanates from these words, what tragedy one feels from a wasted life. And then Pechorin says quite definitely: “I run through my entire past in my memory and involuntarily ask myself, why did I live? For what purpose was I born?.. And, true, it existed, and, true, I had a high purpose, because I I feel immense strength in my soul... But I did not guess this destination, I was carried away by the lures of empty and ungrateful passions, from their crucible I emerged as hard and cold as iron, but I lost forever the ardor of noble aspirations - best light life."
In the first years of the hero’s youth there were ardent hopes and hobbies. There was faith in the possibility of accomplishing a feat in life. Thought imagined high ideals, immense forces prompted action to achieve these ideals. And Pechorin came out to fight. He performed, but could not stand the fight. Very soon all that was left was “only fatigue, like after a night battle with a ghost, and a vague memory full of regrets...”
In the conditions of his life, Pechorin did not see a goal, did not find a use for himself. The old was alien to him, and the new was unknown. Such a discord with reality leads the hero to apathy, and he youth grows old, fades in inactivity. Having lost the meaning in life, Pechorin became bitter, callous, and selfish. He brings only misfortune to the people he encounters. According to Belinsky, “he is madly chasing after life,” but it all comes down to small and insignificant goals: to find out the secret of the smugglers, to make Princess Mary and Bela fall in love with him, to defeat Grushnitsky. So, in the hands of fate, Pechorin turns into an instrument of evil: the smugglers run away to another place, leaving the old woman and the poor blind boy to the mercy of fate; Bela's father and Bela herself die; Azamat takes the path of crime; Kazbich kills innocent people; Grushnitsky dies; Princess Mary's heart is "broken"; Maxim Maksimych is offended.
Despite the fact that Pechorin is a strong, strong-willed, gifted person, he, by his own fair definition, is a “moral cripple.” His character and all his behavior are extremely contradictory. This is clearly reflected in his appearance, which, according to Lermontov, reflects the inner appearance of a person. By drawing a portrait of Pechorin, the author emphasizes the oddities of his hero. Pechorin's eyes "did not laugh when he laughed." The gait “was careless and lazy, but I noticed that he did not wave his arms - a sure sign of some secretiveness of character.” On the one hand, Pechorin has a “strong build,” and on the other, “nervous weakness.” Pechorin is about 30 years old, and “there is something childish in his smile.”
Maxim Maksimych was also amazed at Pechorin’s oddities, the contradictions in his character: “In the rain, in the cold, hunting all day; everyone is cold, tired, but nothing to him. And another time he sits in his room, smells the wind, assures him that he has a cold; knock on the shutter, he will tremble and turn pale, but with me he went to hunt a wild boar one on one...”
This inconsistency of Pechorin is revealed in the novel, revealing, according to Lermontov’s definition, the “disease” of the generation of that time. “My whole life,” Pechorin himself points out, “was only a chain of sad and unsuccessful contradictions to my heart or reason.” How do they manifest themselves?
Firstly, in his attitude to life. On the one hand, Pechorin is a skeptic, a disappointed person who lives “out of curiosity,” on the other hand, he has a huge thirst for life and activity. Secondly, rationality struggles with the demands of feelings, mind and heart. Pechorin says: “I have long lived not with my heart, but with my head. I weigh, analyze my own passions and actions with strict curiosity, but without participation.”
The contradictions in Pechorin’s nature are also reflected in his attitude towards women. He himself explains his attention to women and the desire to achieve their love by the need of his ambition, which, according to his definition, “is nothing more than a thirst for power, and my first pleasure,” he says further, “is to subordinate everything to my will, what surrounds me: to arouse feelings of love, devotion and fear - isn’t this the first sign and the greatest triumph of power?”
But Pechorin is not such a heartless egoist. He is capable of emotional outbursts. This is evidenced by his attitude towards Vera. Having received it last letter, Pechorin, like a madman, jumped out onto the porch, jumped on his Circassian... and set off at full speed, on the road to Pyatigorsk... “With the possibility of losing her forever,” he writes, “Faith became dearer to me than anything else in the world.” , - more valuable than life, honor, happiness!" Left without a horse in the steppe, he "fell on the wet grass and cried like a child."
This inconsistency does not allow Pechorin to live life to the fullest. With a bitter feeling, he regards himself as a “moral cripple” whose better half of his soul has “dried up, evaporated, died.”
The most terrible contradiction: “immense powers of the soul” - and petty actions unworthy of Pechorin. He strives to “love the whole world” - and brings people only evil and misfortune. The presence of noble, high aspirations - and petty feelings that dominate the soul; a thirst for the fullness of life - and complete hopelessness, awareness of one’s doom.
Pechorin's suffering is intensified by the fact that, according to his admission, two people live in his soul, one commits actions, and the other judges him. The tragedy of the suffering egoist is that his mind and his strength do not find worthy use. Pechorin’s indifference to everything and everyone, to “human joys and misfortunes” is not so much his fault as a heavy cross. He sometimes despises himself for his " minor weaknesses, bad passions,” for the evil that he unwittingly causes to everyone who meets on his way. But “insatiable greed,” which forces one to look “at the sufferings and joys of others only in relation to oneself, as food that supports mental strength“, has already become the essence of his nature. Pechorin feels this greed in himself, regardless of his own will. Having managed to get used to everything, having forgotten how to truly feel, the hero of Lermontov’s time evokes acute regret in that his life “is becoming emptier day by day.”
Who is to blame for the fact that Pechorin has turned into a “clever useless person”, into a “superfluous person”? Pechorin himself answers this question like this: “The soul in me is spoiled by light,” that is, by secular society, by whose laws he lived and from which he could not escape.
“The tragedy of Pechorin,” wrote Belinsky, “is primarily in the contradiction between the loftiness of nature and the pitifulness of actions.”
Pechorin is a person who is distinguished by tenacity of will. The psychological portrait of the hero is fully revealed in the novel, reflecting the socio-political conditions that shape the “hero of the time.” Lermontov is little interested in the everyday, external side of people’s lives, but worries them inner world, psychology of the actions of the characters in the novel.
"Hero of Our Time" was the predecessor psychological novels Dostoevsky, and Pechorin became a logical link in the series " extra people", "younger brother Onegin." You can have different attitudes towards the hero of the novel, condemn him or feel sorry for the woman tormented by society human soul, but one cannot help but admire the skill of the great Russian writer, who gave us this image, a psychological portrait of the hero of his time.

10 “Ә” Subject: Russian literature

Target: Get an idea about Pechorin, understand his actions, draw up a portrait of the hero based on the story “Bela”, find in the story “Bela” the reasons for the tragedy of Grigory Pechorin.

Visibility: electronic presentation, cube,

I. Organizational moment.

Psychological attitude

It’s winter outside, but I really want summer. Let these little butterflies remind you of summer. Choose one and place it on your palm, and at this time I will tell you one legend:

Once upon a time in ancient city lived a Master surrounded by disciples. The most capable of them once thought: “Is there a question that our Master could not answer?” He went to a flowering meadow and caught the most beautiful butterfly and hid it between his palms. The butterfly clung to his hands with its paws, and the student was ticklish. Smiling, he approached the Master and asked:

Tell me what kind of butterfly I have in my hands: alive or dead?

Without looking at the student’s hands, the Master answered:

"All in your hands".

Indeed, everything is in our hands.

And now I would like to know your emotional condition, and our butterflies will help us with this (there are flowers on the board different color) Look at them. Choose the flower you like and attach your butterfly to the flower.

Division into groups.

Communicating the topic and purpose of the lesson

Write down the topic of today's lesson in your notebooks. Image of Pechorin. Complexity and inconsistency of character (slide No. 1 topic of the lesson).

Today we will discover for ourselves the image of the hero, we will understand his actions, we will draw up a portrait of the hero through the relationships of other characters to him. (slide No. 2 with lesson objectives).

I will offer you several epigraphs for the lesson: this is an excerpt from a poem by M.Yu. Lermontov’s “Duma”, words by Pechorin from the novel “Hero of Our Time”, words by the famous critic V.G. Belinsky, read them.

And we hate and we love by chance,

Without sacrificing anything, neither anger nor love,

And some secret cold reigns in the soul,

When fire boils in the blood.

“Duma” M.Yu. Lermontov

...Why did I live? For what purpose was I born?...And, it’s true, it existed, and, it’s true, there was a purpose for me....

“Hero of Our Time” M.Yu. Lermontov

This person carries his suffering: he madly chases life, looking for it everywhere; he bitterly blames himself for his errors.

V.G. Belinsky

(slide number 3 with epigraphs).

These are epigraphs to the image of Pechorin, which of them is more suitable for the image of the hero.

II. Comprehension

• How do you understand the meaning of the title of M. Yu. Lermontov’s work “Hero of Our Time”? Whose is “Our Time”?

– What task did Lermontov set for himself when he wrote “A Hero of Our Time”?

• What can you say about the composition of the novel?

So, the focus of our attention is Pechorin. Who first introduces us to Pechorin? (Maksim Maksimych)

How does Maxim Maksimych see Pechorin? (strong and weak, strange - nice, reserved - cheerful).

Pechorin is strange. In the rain, in the cold, while hunting, everyone will be cold and tired, but he won’t mind. And another time the wind blows, and he assures that he has a cold, he knocks on the shutter - he shudders and turns pale. At the same time, he went to the wild boar one on one. Either he could go for hours without saying a word, or he could make you laugh so hard that you would tear your stomach.

What is Pechorin’s description based on (using contrast)

Reception "Basket of Ideas"

How do we see Pechorin? Write individually in notebooks Exchange information in pairs or groups.

Each group in a circle names one piece of information. Each piece of information is recorded in an idea basket.

Pechorin is endowed with strength of character, perseverance, nobility, even simplicity, but one cannot help but see his egoism, his habit of taking into account only your own desires, his inability to constantly feel deeply. He brought misfortune to Bela, but he himself causes sympathy because he is unhappy. strange” person, unusual, mysterious

Reception "Cubism"

1. Describe

What character traits of Pechorin appear in the story “Taman”?

(Decision, courage, interest in people, ability to sympathize.)

- Prove that Pechorin is brave.

• He goes out at night to watch the blind man
• He goes on a date with an undine at night
• He is not afraid to get into a boat with her, despite the fact that he cannot swim.

- Prove that Pechorin is not indifferent.

• He is worried about the mysterious appearance of the girl
• He decides to figure out what's going on
• He is interested in a blind man who seems not so blind.

1. Compare. The image of Onegin and the image of Pechorin
2. Associate
3. Analyze

Friendship in the life of Pechorin (cluster)

1. Apply

Stage the conversation between Azamat and Kazbich

1. Give the pros and cons.

I propose to compile a table of contradictions in Pechorin’s character. Make a table showing which traits of the hero appeal to you and which ones repel you.

Here we have a portrait of Pechorin with contradictions in character. Who is Pechorin? Let's return to the basket of ideas. Analysis.

Pechorin is an extraordinary person, intelligent, educated, strong-willed, brave... In addition, he is distinguished by a constant desire for action; Pechorin cannot stay in one place, in one environment, surrounded by the same people. Is this why he cannot be happy with any woman, even with the one he is in love with? After a while, boredom overcomes him and he begins to look for something new. Is this why he ruins their destinies? Pechorin is not tempted by such a fate, and he acts. Acts without regard for the feelings of other people, practically without paying attention to them. Yes, he is selfish. And this is his tragedy. But is Pechorin alone to blame for this?

Video “Pechorin’s Monologue”

So, "All". Who does he mean? Naturally, society. Yes, the same society that bothered Onegin. On the one hand, extraordinary, clever man, on the other hand, an egoist who breaks hearts and destroys lives, he is an “evil genius” and at the same time a victim of society.

Now let’s return to the epigraphs, which one do you think most accurately reflects the portrait of Pechorin and why? (it seems to me that the poem “Duma”, because it is built on comparison, on contradiction, like Pechorin’s personality)

"Thought» recitation by heart
So, we looked at the image of Pechorin through the prism of other heroes and us readers, some like him, some understand him, and some have a negative attitude towards him, accusing him of all crimes.

What is the psychologism of the novel?

Pechorin's character cannot be assessed unambiguously. Good and bad, good and evil are intricately intertwined in it. The fact is that in his actions he proceeds from his own selfish motives. Your own “I” is the goal, and all the people around you are only a means to satisfy the desires of this “I”. Pechorinsky individualism formed during the transitional era,

a sign of which was the absence of a high goal, social ideals.

ІІІ. Reflection

Feedback

"Suitcase, meat grinder, basket"

ІҮ. Homework

Prepare for your essay

Zhakenova Gulmira Dulatbekovna,

teacher of Russian language and literature

highest qualification category,

Koyanda Secondary School

“A Hero of Our Time” is the first major socio-psychological novel in Russian literature. The main problem of the novel “Heroes of Our Time” is determined by M.Yu. Lermontov in the preface: he draws “ modern man“as he understands it,” his hero is not a portrait of one person, but “a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation.” In the image of Pechorin, the fundamental features of the post-Decembrist era were expressed, in which, according to Herzen, on the surface “only losses were visible,” but inside “the great work... deaf and silent, but active and continuous.”

Pechorin himself, reflecting on his life, finds in it much in common with the fate of an entire generation: “We are no longer capable of great sacrifices, either for the good of humanity, or even for our own happiness, because we know its impossibility and indifferently move from doubt to doubt "

Pechorin, how evil spirit, brings suffering to everyone who meets on his way: Bela and her loved ones, the family of “honest smugglers” Mary, Grushnitsky. At the same time, he is the strictest judge of himself. He calls himself " moral cripple", more than once compares himself to an executioner. No one understands better than Pechorin how empty and meaningless his life is. Remembering the past before the duel, he cannot answer the question: “Why did I live? For what purpose was I born? Life torments Pechorin: “I am like a man yawning at a ball who does not go to bed only because his carriage is not yet there.” But still alive soul Pechorina also manifests himself in the shock of Bela’s death, in tears of despair when he realized that he had lost Faith forever, in the ability to surrender to the charm of nature even before a duel, in the ability to look at himself from the outside.

In Mary's confession, Pechorin accuses society of becoming a “moral cripple.” Pechorin repeatedly talks about his duality, about the contradiction between his human essence and existence. He confesses to Dr. Werner: “There are two people in me: one lives in the full sense of the word, the other thinks and judges him...” To live for Pechorin, and this is precisely the function of the first person - “to be always on the alert, to catch every glance, meaning every word, guess intentions, destroy conspiracies, pretend to be deceived and suddenly, with one push, overturn the entire huge and laborious edifice of tricks and plans...”

Pechorin differs from the other characters in the novel precisely in that

that he is concerned about questions of conscious human existence - about the purpose and meaning of human life, about his purpose. He is worried that his only purpose is to destroy the hopes of others.

"The contradictory image of Pechorin." Pechorin's soul is an "unstony desert."

Many-faced Pechorin. The novel “A Hero of Our Time” was created by Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov from 1837 to 1840. The tragic thirties of the 19th century were the result of the suppression of reaction. The fate of the generation of the 30s was vividly reflected by Lermontov in his novel. Realistically depicting his hero with all his contradictions and “vices”, the writer at the same time shows in him those makings of a truly heroic personality, which allow us to talk about the romantic-realistic embodiment in this image of the ideals nurtured by the poet from the time of his romantic youth to the end his life. The basis psychological portrait for his hero, Lermontov based Fourier’s “theory of passions”, according to which mental forces that have not found a way out in a positive matter distort the whole good nature person, his character. It was from the understanding of the contradictions between the needs of the inner world and the imperatives of the external world that such definitions of Pechorin as “reluctant egoist”, “reluctant romantic” arose. At the beginning of the novel, two heroes tell about Pechorin: a young officer and Maxim Maksimych (stories “Bela”, “Maksim Maksimych”). But neither one nor the other is able to understand this person. Therefore, this form helps to reveal his character psychological analysis, as a confessional monologue in the form of a diary (the stories “Taman”, “Princess Mary” and “Fatalist”). The first story in "Pechorin's Journal" is the story "Taman". The main motives of the magazine have already been outlined here: Pechorin’s desire for active action, curiosity that pushes him to conduct “experiments” on himself and others, to interfere in other people’s affairs, his reckless courage and romantic attitude. Lermontov's hero strives to understand what motivates people, to identify the motives of their actions, and to comprehend their psychology. In the story "Princess Mary" the author presents an almost daily record of the life of the main character. It is interesting that he hardly writes about events in the country, about Pyatigorsk; he is primarily concerned with thoughts, feelings, and actions. In this story, he is shown in his typical noble environment, whose representatives evoke ridicule, irony, and contempt in him. Pechorin perfectly understands the deceit and hypocrisy of the “water society” and high society, he sees that life here is either a vulgar comedy or a cheap drama, where all the participants play some kind of role. Against the background of this society, Pechorin’s intelligence and sincerity, his education, and wealth especially stand out spiritual world. The desire for something bright lives in his soul, apparently giving rise to such an attractive feature as a love of nature. Calm contemplation of the beauty and harmony of nature brings him a feeling of happiness, but Pechorin is an active nature, and he cannot stop there. In the desire for “storms and battles” one can feel the desire for independence and freedom, the inability to be content with what life represents for the hero. No matter how happy the hero is in communication with nature, he needs to participate in the life of society. In relationships with different people More and more facets of Pechorin’s character are revealed, the tragic contradiction between the hero’s internal capabilities and his behavior is revealed more and more deeply. Coldness, spiritual emptiness, selfishness, indifference to people - all these traits are undeniable in Pechorin. And yet one cannot help but notice that he is capable of sincere sympathy, selfless love. *(Pechorin’s soul is “not a rocky desert”). The hero is tired of loneliness, but admits this only to himself, and even then rarely. He does not know the goal, but he feels that he was not born to be bored in life. He regrets that he did not guess his purpose and “lost forever the ardor of noble aspirations.” “Immense forces” do not find real application, and the person becomes smaller. The awareness of the inconsistency of one's actions with one's true character leads to a split personality. Two people have been living in Pechorin’s soul for a long time: one acts, and the other judges his actions. The hero can no longer fully experience joy and happiness, because he has made himself a constant object for observation. Such constant introspection prevents him from completely surrendering not only to feeling, but also to action, although in his character one of the leading qualities is activity. Having not received real development, this quality gradually faded away, and Pechorin, in whom the thirst for action and struggle was so strong, goes to Persia with the hope of dying “somewhere along the way.” Telling “the story of the human soul,” Lermontov, with exceptional depth and penetration, managed to convey to the reader’s consciousness and heart the tragedy of its spiritual emptiness, which ends in a senseless death.

The central character of the novel M.Yu. Lermontov's "Hero of Our Time" - Pechorin - complex and deep man, whose inner world is contradictory and unpredictable. Having described him in his actions and views from the outside, the author endowed his hero with those qualities that were inherent in a man of that time, making him a product of his era. The character turned out to be bright and deep in his tragedy, which caused a lot of gossip and condemnation; many labeled Pecherin immoral and selfish, but is he really like that?

Being a collective image, a kind of bright representative of the time in which he was born, Pecherin is ambiguous. His behavior can be interpreted in different ways, but in all the actions and words of the hero one can read a certain duality. Delving into his inner world, it becomes obvious that Pecherin is not evil and, to some extent, even a kind person, but his actions and words bring pain to those around him, and for some heroes they are even fatal. At the same time, he shows detachment and dispassion towards everything that happens to him in life, and the next moment he lives greedily and insatiably. Pecherin himself calls himself either a moral cripple, or a person bored at the ball, or even completely admits the duality of nature. He talks about the combination of two people in one body, one of whom commits actions, and the other only contemplates and condemns the first.

It would seem that incompatible things are combined in Pecherin: a fatalist who understands the futility of everything in life and a person who lives with enviable thirst and determination, who gets what he wants, despite obstacles and not counting losses. But this is the tragedy of the image - he did not think about the life and feelings of those around him, he was too deep in himself. Doing soul-searching and searching for meaning to questions that had no answers, Pecherin did not notice the people nearby and did not try to make anyone happy.

Currently watching: (module Currently watching:)

• Why does Satin defend Luka in a dispute with the night shelters? - -
• Why, when portraying Kutuzov in the novel War and Peace, does Tolstoy deliberately avoid glorifying the image of the commander? - -
• Why does the finale of the sixth chapter of the novel “Eugene Onegin” sound like the theme of the author’s farewell to youth, poetry and romanticism? - -
• What was Pontius Pilate's punishment? (based on the novel by M.A. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”) - -