Presentation for a history lesson (grade 5) on the topic: Presentation. "The invasion of the Persian troops in Hellas". Open lesson "The invasion of the Persian troops in Hellas"

Completed by: 5th grade student V. Krylov Dmitry

Teacher: Balasyan L.V.

Greco-Persian wars (499 - 449 BC, intermittently) - military conflicts between Achaemenid Persia and the Greek city-states that defended their independence. The Greco-Persian Wars are sometimes called the Persian Wars, and this expression usually refers to the campaigns of the Persians in the Balkan Peninsula in 490 BC. e. and in 480-479. BC e.

As a result of the Greco-Persian wars, the territorial expansion of the Achaemenid Empire was stopped, the ancient non-Greek civilization entered a period of prosperity and its highest cultural achievements.

Greco-Persian Wars Map

In history, the Greco-Persian wars are usually divided into two: (the first - 492-490 BC, the second - 480-479 BC) or three wars (the first - 492 BC, the second - 490 BC, the third - 480-479 (449) BC).

Revolt of Miletus and other cities of Ionia against Persian rule (500 / 499-494 BC).

Darius I's invasion of the Balkan Peninsula, which ended in his defeat at Marathon (492-490 BC).

The campaign of Xerxes I (480-479 BC).

Actions of the Delian military alliance against the Persians in the Aegean Sea and Asia Minor (478-459 BC).

The Athenian Expedition to Egypt and the End of the Greco-Persian Wars (459-449 BC).

• Revolt of Miletus

The Battle of Marathon is one of the largest land battles of the Greco-Persian Wars, which took place on September 12, 490 BC. e. near the Greek city of Marathon, about 42 kilometers from Athens.

At the Battle of Marathon, the Persian army suffered a crushing defeat. Under the leadership of Miltiades, the allied army of the Athenians and the Plateians destroyed most of the enemy's army. For the Hellenes, the battle was the first victory over the army of the Achaemenid empire

Darius I, king of the Achaemenid state

• Invasion of Darius I

For ten years of his reign, Leonid I did nothing significant, but immortalized his name with the battle at Thermopylae (Warm Gates). He defended with 6 thousand soldiers (including a personal guard of 300 Spartans) the Thermopylae passage during the advance of the Persian troops and died in battle.

• The campaign of Xerxes I

King of Sparta - Leonidas I

Xerxes I at the gates of his palace.

The ruler of Achaemenid Persia, Xerxes I, attacked Greece in the summer of 480 BC. e. Leonidas I came out to meet him with a detachment of 300 Spartans and 5620 soldiers from other cities. The Greeks established themselves in the Thermopylae Gorge with the intention of defending this narrow passage for as long as possible.

• Battle of Thermopylae

The Battle of Salamis is a naval battle between the Greek and Persian fleets during the Greco-Persian wars, which took place in 480 BC. e. near the island of Salamis in the Saronic Gulf of the Aegean Sea near Athens.

For the Greeks, the only possibility of a decisive naval victory was a battle in a narrow space, where the enemy's numerical superiority was leveled. Entering the straits between the mainland and Salamis, the Persians deprived themselves of advantages. For them, the beginning of the Battle of Salamis was a decisive strategic mistake that determined the outcome of the battle and the further course of the war.

The Delian Union is an alliance that separated from the general alliance of the states of Hellas against the Persians. The goal of the alliance was a war against the Persians in order to free the Greeks still subject to them and avenge the campaign against Hellas. After the unsuccessful Egyptian expedition, the military campaign to Cyprus, the death of Cimon, military actions became futile both for the Athenian naval union and for the Persian state, and therefore it was decided to make peace. The main condition of the peace treaty was the delimitation of the Persian and Athenian spheres of influence.

• Athenian expedition to Egypt

The Greco-Persian Wars were of great importance to Greece. They accelerated the development of Greek culture, instilled in the Greeks an awareness of their greatness. In their successes, the Greeks saw the victory of freedom over slavery. People's independence and social freedom associated with the developing democracy were saved. Since the advantage was on the side of Athenian democracy, after the Greco-Persian wars, almost all Greek states were embraced by the democratic movement. Athens developed into a great maritime power and became the center of Greece, cultural, political, intellectual and economic.

Persia lost possessions in the Aegean Sea, on the shores of the Hellespont and the Bosphorus, and recognized the political independence of the poleis of Asia Minor.

• Results of the war

• From to n n a h and with a m and a b n oh and e

Student challenge: Why did Greece, a small country, moreover divided into dozens of states, manage to resist the powerful Persian power?

1. Preparation of the Greeks for the war with the Persians Themistocles. Ancient Greek sculpture. After the Battle of Marathon, the threat from Persia persisted. This was perfectly understood by Themistocles. At his suggestion, the Athenians built a fleet of 200 triremes. Thanks to Themistocles, 30 Hellenic states formed an alliance against the Persians.

2. Invasion of the Persians in Hellas New builders built a new one that was swept away by the storm. When crossing the Bosphorus bridge, and began in 480 BC. e. King Xerxes led his troops. The heads of the Builders were cut off, the sea was carved. ferry, which lasted 7 days. to Hellas.

2. Persian invasion of Hellas The Greeks decided to defend mortal Greece. Army. Greece invaded the narrow legendary Over the Persians looming in the Northern threat. It was here that the Thermopylae Passage took place, which leads out with food. A huge baggage train followed. Northern Greece at the Battle of Thermopylae. Average huge Greece was walking along the coast. fleet. Battle of Thermopylae

3. Battle of Thermopylae The main forces of the Persians tried to take the passage with a frontal attack. The commanders drove the soldiers into battle with whips, but the Greeks resisted. Gulf of Maliax Xerxes Greeks

3. Battle of Thermopylae Thanks to the traitor, the Persians were able to pass through the mountain paths to the rear of the Greeks. Gulf of Maliax Xerxes Greeks

3. Battle of Thermopylae The Greeks, by order of Leonidas, were divided in two. Leonidas and 300 Spartans stayed behind to defend the passage, while the rest of the army began to retreat. Gulf of Maliax Xerxes

3. Battle of Thermopylae 300 Spartans, having accepted certain death, covering the withdrawal of the army, performed a feat that remained for centuries. Gulf of Maliax Xerxes

3. Battle of Thermopylae Having passed Thermopylae, the Persians ravaged Attica, and easily took Athens. Battle of Thermopylae

4. Battle of Salamis Battle. The Persians attacked the Greek center. Soon, Persian ships rammed, the Greeks-200, built in 2, races. Themistocles gavetook place on September 27 at Salamis, the order to pack the Greekpersons was 800 ships of the line and those ATTIKA and the right flank. Persians in N. e. laid by three groups, the left flank of the Persians moved pressed against each other to 480 g until panicked to disperse to the other, Xerxes could not the straits, clogged with their own ships. and did no harm to the Greeks. Themistocles about. Salamis

For several decades, Persia has been waging wars of conquest in Europe, Asia and Africa. The Greeks were able to repel the first blow of the Persian army in the Battle of Marathon, but this did not mean that Persia would abandon plans to capture Greece.

Events

After the Marathon battle, the Persians began to prepare another campaign against Greece.

The preparation of the campaign took as long as 10 years.

King Darius died, leaving the Persian empire to his heir Xerxes. The Greeks, in turn, also prepared for future battles.

480 BC - the crossing of the Persians through the Hellespont. A huge army headed by Xerxes moved to Greece, the Persian fleet accompanied him by sea.

480 BC - Battle of Thermopylae.

For defense, the Greeks chose the narrow Thermopylae pass (between Northern and Central Greece).

Sparta sent 300 Spartans to the army to defend Thermopylae. Led by King Leonidas.

For several days the Greeks defended themselves in the gorge.

With the help of cunning (following a secret path bypassing) the Persians struck a blow to the Greeks from the rear.

All Greeks, except for the Spartans, retreated: according to Spartan laws, it is impossible to retreat from the battlefield, so 300 Spartans died.

480 BC - Battle of Salamis.

The Greek fleet was concentrated on the island of Salamis, and the maneuverable Greek triremes had full advantage in the narrow strait. The victory of Greece.

Xerxes returned to Persia.

However, the Persian land army remained in Greece.

479 BC - the defeat of the Persians at Plataea.

479-449 BC. - battles with the Persians at sea and in Asia Minor. Gradual liberation of Greek city-states.

Participants

Darius is a Persian king, a participant in the Greco-Persian wars.

Xerxes - Persian king, leader of the Persian campaign against Greece in 480–479. BC.

Themistocles - Athenian archon, organizer of the Greek resistance forces during the invasion of Xerxes.

Leonidas - the king of Sparta, who died in the battle at Thermopylae.

Conclusion

Greece won a victory in the Greco-Persian wars, which lasted for about 50 years. For the Persians, this was a heavy blow. After all, Persia was much larger than Greece both in territory and in population. However, the Greeks, thanks to their courage and courage, accomplished this feat.

Parallels

In the battle of Thermopylae, only 7,000 people participated (of which 300 were Spartans), although the Greeks could muster a much more impressive army. Why didn't they do it? Because the Olympic Games were held that year. Now it seems incredible that the Greeks did not abolish the games even in the face of the struggle against the Persian invaders. However, this is not the only case. At the Battle of Marathon, the Spartans did not send their army immediately, since they could not leave before the full moon. The belief of the Greeks in the gods was too strong, the sacred customs were not canceled under any circumstances.

The invasion of the Persians in Hellas

Many Greeks saw the defeat of the Persians at Marathon as the end of the war, but the more far-sighted of them thought otherwise. During these years, an intelligent and energetic man named Themistocles emerged in Athens (Fig. 1). He well understood that the Persians would soon invade Greece again. Speaking at the National Assembly, Themistocles said: “Our homeland - Hellas - is divided into dozens of states, which often fight with each other. To defeat the Persians, the Greeks must forget mutual enmity and unite. " Themistocles traveled to different cities in Greece and, in the end, the military alliance, which he called for, was formed. To fight the Persians, the Athenian, Spartan and other states united, thirty in all. The command of the combined army was entrusted to the Spartans, since they had the best ground army.

The creation of the Athenian navy is also associated with the name of Themistocles. Themistocles proposed to invest all the profits from the mining of silver in the south of Attica in the construction of a military fleet. The National Assembly accepted Themistocles' proposal, and by the beginning of a new war with the Persians, the Athenians had 200 triremes.

After the death of Darius, his son Xerxes became the ruler of the Persian state. In 480 BC. e. King Xerxes led his hordes to Hellas. Most of Xerxes' warriors were recruited from the conquered peoples. The interests of the Persian king and nobility were alien to them.

A narrow strait separated Europe from Asia. By order of Xerxes, bridges were built that connected both banks, but a storm broke out and blew these bridges. Furious, Xerxes ordered the heads of the builders to be cut off, and the sea appointed a punishment unseen before. Crying whipped him with whips, saying: “Oh you, bitter sea moisture! Here's to you from our lord! Remember well, the king will cross you, whether you like it or not! " (Fig. 2) Other craftsmen built a new bridge. The crossing to the European coast lasted seven days.

A huge army invaded Northern Greece. It was followed by a wagon train with food, drove herds of bulls. A Persian fleet marched along the coast. This happened 10 years later, in 480 BC. e., after the Battle of Marathon. Having crossed the Hellespont Strait to the European coast, the army moved along the European coast, and having invaded Northern Greece, it began to occupy region after region. The Greeks did not dare to open battle.

The only path that led from North to Central Greece was the Thermopylae pass, which 300 Spartans and 700 Thespians under the command of Leonidas decided to protect, blocking the way for the Persians. The detachment led by Leonidas heroically defended Thermopylae, but could not resist because of the betrayal of one Greek, who led the Persians to the rear of the troops of King Leonidas. Wanting to save the army from defeat, Leonidas gave the order for the immediate retreat of the Greek troops, and he himself, with a detachment of selected infantry of 300 Spartans, fell on the battlefield. At the site of the battle, a monument in the form of a stone lion was erected with the inscription: "Wanderer, take the message to all the citizens of Lacedaemon: honestly fulfilling the law, here we lie in the grave."

Having taken possession of Thermopylae, the hordes of Xerxes poured into Central Greece. Plundering its areas, trampling fields, cutting down vineyards and olives, the invaders approached Athens.

By decision of the National Assembly, the inhabitants of Attica hastily left their homes. Many women, old people and children moved to the island of Salamis under the protection of the fleet. The men capable of carrying weapons entered the ships. All of Attica was empty. The Persians entered Athens, set them on fire, destroyed the temples. Persian warships anchored in a bay near Athens. Nearby, in a narrow strait between Salamis and Attica, was the Greek fleet, numbering about four hundred ships. From here it was seen how the most beautiful of the cities of Hellas was burning.

At the general council of the commanders, many commanders insisted on the withdrawal of the fleet to the Isthmus of Corinth to protect southern Greece. Only the Athenian strategist Themistocles persuaded to give battle in the Strait of Salamis, where the Hellenes are familiar with every pitfall, all the directions of the winds. He implored to think about the fate of the Athenian women and children. The Greeks argued for a long time, not knowing what to do. But at dawn they saw that the exits from the strait were blocked by the Persian fleet. The battle became inevitable.

Xerxes watched it from the high bank of Attica, seated on a golden throne. The superiority in the number of ships created confidence in victory. Meanwhile, a strong wind rose. He rocked the high-deck Persian ships, but was not dangerous to the low triremes. The Greeks dealt the first blows to the enemies.

The battle was described by its participant, the poet Aeschylus. “A loud cry was heard:“ Forward, sons of Hellas! Save your homeland, save your wives, your children, the gods of your father's temples, the tombs of your ancestors: now the fight is for everything! " ... At first the army of the Persians stood firm; when the ships crowded together in the strait, they could not give help to each other and hit their own with their copper noses - then they all perished. And under the wreckage of broken ships, under the blood of the dead - the smooth surface of the sea hid. "

The Salamis victory was decisive in the course of the Greco-Persian wars. After the defeat, Xerxes left Greece, leaving in it part of the land army. And a year later, in the battle of Plataea, it was also defeated. The Greeks defended their independence in a hard and long struggle.

Bibliography

1. A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder, I.S. Sventsitskaya. Ancient world history. Grade 5 - M .: Education, 2006.
2. A.I. Nemirovsky A book to read on the history of the ancient world. - M .: Education, 1991.

Lesson outline on the topic:

"Invasion of the Persian troops in Hellas"

Lesson objectives:

Educational:

Complete the study of the history of the heroic struggle of the Greek city-states with the Persian state, lead students to an understanding of the reasons for the victory of the Greeks;

Continue the formation and development of skills that allow you to work with text, with a historical map in the classroom.

Determine the results and results of the Greco-Persian wars.

Developing:

Continue the formation of skills to generalize;

To form the use of the displayed information in various sign systems - table, map.

Educating:

develop cognitive activity;

To educate moral and patriotic qualities: kindness, justice, courage, love for the Motherland, readiness to defend it in difficult times, the ability to evaluate actions.

Equipment: computer, multimedia projector, screen, cards, presentation for the lesson "The invasion of the Persian troops in Hellas."

Basic historical concepts of the lesson: Hellespont, Thermopylae, Salamis, Plateia, Themistocles, Leonidas, Xerxes, hoplite, triremes.

During the classes:

I. Organizing time.

Everyone got ready for the lesson, got up evenly, caught up, I am glad to welcome you to our lesson. Hello, have a seat.

Epigraph:

Forward, sons of Hellas!

Save your homeland, save your wives, your children,

gods of fathers temples, tombs of ancestors:

fight now - for everything!

II. Repetition of the material learned:

What events in the history of Greece these words refer to. And let's check how well the passed material is learned and for a start I suggest not a big warm-up.

1. Athens was
1) in Attica
2) in Northern Greece
3) on the island of Crete
2. Which city did not have fortress walls?
1) in Athens
2) in Sparta
3) in Mycenae
3. The main enemies of the Greeks in the 5th century BC. were:
1) Dorians
2) Persians
3) Assyrians
4. The Persian king, who made the first attempt to capture Greece
1) Darius I
2) Darius II
3) Darius III
5. What happened in 490 BC?

1) the capture of Troy by the Persians
2) Marathon battle
3) the battle of Plataea
6.The Athenian strategist in the Marathon battle was
1) Herodotus
2) Miltiades
3) Socrates
7. What distance the Athenian youth covered to announce the victory at Marathon
1) 38 km.
2) 40 km.
3) 42 km.
8. Participated in the marathon battle
1) Athens only
2) Athens and Plateia
3) Athens and Sparta

And for the following questions, I want to get complete answers.

What is the threat hanging over Greece at the beginning of the 5th century? BC.?

Causes of the war?

The army of which country was better prepared for war?

Strong

weak

Greeks

Conducted battle tactics

few

Persians

numerous

Mercenary army

Where did the battle take place?

What year was the marathon battle?

What are the results?

III. Acquaintance with new material:

Today we continue to study the Greco-Persian Wars. We open notebooks, write down the number and topic of today's lesson "The invasion of the Persian troops in Hellas."

In today's lesson, we must find out.

Plan for learning new material.

4. The Salamis battle.

1.Preparation of Greece for a new war with the Persians.

Many Greeks considered the defeat of the Persians at Marathon as the end of the war.

But that was a huge mistake. The Persians were preparing for a new war, headed by the son of Darius the First, Xerxes. “Xerxes is the son of Darius I. Having ascended the throne, he announced that he would build a bridge across the Hellespont Strait and lead his army to Europe to complete the work started by his father. He vowed to burn Athens for their victory over the Persians at Marathon. There were so many soldiers in the army of Xerxes that when they stopped on the banks of the river to rest, they drew out the water completely, and the river bed dried up. Xerxes was evil and power-hungry.

The Athenians would be very proud of the Marathon victory. But not many understood that new heavy battles with the Persians lay ahead. You have additional material on your tables that you should now read and find out how the Greeks prepared for a new war with the Persians.

The first option answers the first two questions.

The second option answers two second questions.

(you have 3 minutes to find answers to the following questions)

First card.

Preparing the Hellenes for war.

During these years, Themistocles, an intelligent and energetic citizen of Athens, came to the fore. He was a participant in the Battle of Marathon and was well aware that the Persians would soon invade Greece again. Speaking at the National Assembly, he said: “Our homeland - Hellas - is divided into dozens of states, which are often at war with each other. To defeat the Persians, the Greeks must forget mutual enmity and unite. " Themistocles traveled to different cities in Greece, in the end, the military alliance, which he called for, was created. The command of the combined army was entrusted to the Spartans, since they had the best infantry. The creation of the fleet is associated with the name of Themistocles. Speaking at a national assembly, he said:

- If the Persian king moves to Hellas with his main forces, we will not defeat him on land. Our salvation lies in the creation of a mighty fleet, because the Hellenes are better than other peoples who know how to sail ships and fight at sea.

“But where can I get the money to build a fleet?” The Athenians asked.

- You all know, - Themistocles answered, - that in the south of Attica there are silver mines belonging to the Athenian state. We usually divide the mined silver among all citizens. I propose to give up this money and build warships with it.

First option:

1. Which of the Greeks led the training of the Greek army?(Strategist Themistocles)

2. What proposals were made to strengthen the army?(create a fleet, create a union of Greek states, spend the revenues of silver mines to create a fleet)

General question:

Second card.

Preparing the Hellenes for War.

The National Assembly accepted Themistocles' proposal, and by the beginning of a new war with the Persians, the Athenians had two hundred triremes. The Trier was a shallow-draft ship with three rows of oars. The sails played a supporting role: before the battle, they were usually removed by the triremes, thanks to the coordinated actions of 180 rowers and the helmsman, developed at that time speed (up to 18 km), was mobile, capable of making sharp turns, passing through narrow straits without running aground. Such a vessel was 36 m long, 6 m wide, and the draft was 1 meter deep. So it was low, long and pointed, but it had enough power to penetrate the enemy's hull. The ram was in the shape of a dolphin's head; in the trire, it consisted of 2-3 sharp tips of a sword-like shape. On some triremes, iron spears were placed over the ram to destroy the freeboard of the attacked ship. The poor Athenian were rowers on triremes.

Second option:

1. What were the names of the warships of the Greeks?(triremes)

2. What was the advantage of the new ships?(developed a speed of up to 18 km per hour, could ram and thereby sink the enemy's ship)

General question:

1. In your opinion, which of the states of Persia or Greece is better prepared for the war?(Persia was stronger in numbers, in armament)

Outcome: we found out that the main tasks of preparing for the war with the Persians were:

1. Creation of a military fleet.

2. And unification to fight a dangerous enemy.

You work so well, you must be a little tired, let's spend a little physical time with you. I will speak terms and concepts, if they are associated with the Greco-Persian wars you get up and clap.

(physical minute)

Darius the First, Strategist, Pharaoh, Olympic Games, Zeus, Phalanx, Solon, Sparta, Athens.

2.Invasion of Xerxes' troops into Greece.

10 years after the Battle of Marathon 480 BC. Xerxes led his troops to Hellas. Xerxes had many ships and countless troops recruited from the conquered peoples. Let's follow the path of the movement of Xerxes and Darius (page 162 of the textbook)(work with the map)Let's define from the legend of the map what color Persia is shown in? (in green)

An army of Persians set out from the city? (Sardis and Asia Minor).

An obstacle appeared on the way of the Persians - the strait. Which strait did the army fit? (It approached the Hellespont Strait.) What two parts of Eurasia are separated by the strait? (Europe and Asia)

Here the character of Xerxes was very well manifested. (message).

By order of Xerxes, a bridge more than a kilometer long was built. But a violent storm arose and destroyed the bridge. Xerxes flew into a rage, he ordered to execute the builders of the bridge, to whip the not obedient sea with whips with the words “Oh you, bitter sea moisture! Here's to you from our lord! Remember well, the king will cross you, whether you like it or not! " and in the form of punishment, put iron chains into it. Other craftsmen built a new bridge. They anchored 360 ships close to each other and tied them together for strength. The crossing to the European coast lasted seven days.

Note in the notebook: 480 BC Persian invasion of Hellas.

Further, the army moved along the European coast, and the fleet went along the coast (the Persian ships were heavy and clumsy, adapted for sailing on the high seas). The army was followed by a supply train. Xerxes' army invaded northern Greece and began to occupy area after area. The Greeks did not dare to open battle. The only passage between northern Greece and middle was Thermopylae. The narrow Thermopylae pass was conveniently defended: to the left of the Greeks, almost sheer cliffs rose up, to the right there was a cliff to the sea. The Greeks built defensive walls and towers. Xerxes was informed that the combined Greek army had occupied the Thermopylae Gorge and blocked the Persians' further path. Students on the screen are given map number 1. The invasion of Xerxes' troops into Greece.

3. Fight in Thermopylae Gorge.

The Greek generals sent a detachment to Thermopylae, which consisted of only a few thousand soldiers. It was commanded by the Spartan king Leonidas. He so skillfully directed the actions of his soldiers that a huge army of Persians spent four days trying to conquer the gorge, which was protected only by a small detachment. Overwhelmed by fear, the Persian warriors ceased to obey their commanders, and they were driven into the attack with blows of whips. Xerxes was furious: his vast army was defeated.

The Persians could get around only if they knew the secret path through the mountains. A traitor appeared among the Greeks, who showed a detour path through the mountains for a reward.

Saving the Greeks, Leonidas ordered everyone to retreat, while he himself, together with three hundred Spartans, remained to certain death to cover the withdrawal of the Greek detachment.

The film "300 Spartans" is dedicated to this event. We will now see an excerpt from this film.

Students on the screen are given a fragment of the film "300 Spartans"

Questions about the film:

1. How does this passage characterize the Spartans?

2. What qualities did the Spartans possess?

The passage gave us the opportunity to see what kind of danger the Persians were.

None of the Spartans survived. The Greeks remembered the feat of the Spartans for many centuries. At the site of the battle, they erected a monument, on the pedestal of which they placed the lines of their best poet dedicated to the fallen heroes:

O traveler, tell the Spartans about our demise:

True to their laws, we fell here with bones.

The monument was crowned with the figure of a seated lion as a reminder of the Spartan king Leonidas, whose name means "like a lion." The heroic death of the defenders of the Thermopylae Gorge in 480 BC e. became in world history a symbol of military courage.

Note in the notebook: 480 BC the battle for Thermopylae gorge took place.

4. The Salamis battle.

Having taken possession of Thermopylae, the Persian army rushed deep into Greece. The Greek generals understood that the city would not be able to withstand a long siege by a powerful army. Therefore, by decision of the National Assembly, the inhabitants of the city were transported to the island of Salamis under the protection of the Greek fleet. When the Persians entered Athens, the city was empty. Then the soldiers of Xerxes set him on fire. The Greeks did not consider themselves defeated. Their army and navy were retained. Themistocles believed that the first thing to do was to destroy the strong Persian fleet. Therefore, the battle had to take place at sea in the narrow Strait of Salamis. Why did Themistocles need to fight in the narrow Strait of Salamis?

(There was ample room for light and fast Greek triremes, but the bulky Persian ships could not move freely there. The naval victory of the Greeks was to decide the fate of the entire war).

However, the Greeks doubted that Themistocles was right. Then Themistocles decided to resort to cunning. (what kind of trick Themistocles used, you will find out at home) He secretly sent a spy warrior to the Persian camp. He had to tell Xerxes the allegedly truthful information that the Greek fleet was going to leave the island of Salamis. The Persian king believed the report and ordered to block the way for the ships of the Greeks. The exits from the Strait of Salam were closed by Persian ships. The battle in the Strait of Salamis became inevitable.

The slides and illustrations in the textbook on page 168 will help us how the battle of Salamis took place.

Xerxes watched the course of the battle, seated on a golden throne, from the high bank of Attica. The superiority in the number of ships created confidence in victory. A strong wind arose, which rocked the high-deck ships of the Persians, but the wind was not dangerous for the low triremes.

The Greeks struck the first blows at the enemy.

Everywhere the battle was in full swing.

At first the army of the Persians stood firm;

When the ships were crowded in the strait,

They could not give help to each other

And they struck with copper noses

Their own - all then perished,

And the Greeks skillfully amazed

Around them ... And the ships were sinking.

After the Salamis battle, the Battle of Plataea took place. Where the Persians were finally defeated.

Let's summarize our lesson.

1. What are the results of the Greco-Persian wars?

2. What did the war bring to Greece?

Results of the war: 1. Persia recognized the independence of the Greek cities in Asia Minor.

3. The economic devastation of Greece and Persia.

V. reflection

Now we can answer the question posed at the beginning of the lesson Why did Greece - a small country, moreover divided into dozens of states - manage to resist the powerful Persian power?(name at least 3 reasons) The victory in the wars did not go to the Greeks by accident.

1. The cohesion of the Greek city-states helped to defeat a terrible enemy, far superior to them in strength.

2. The Greeks defended their independence in a hard and long struggle.

Repetition: 1. The Persians, through ambassadors, demanded land and water from the Greeks. What did it mean: A) areas near water bodies B) eat and drink C) submission 2. Indicate the reason for the Greco-Persian wars: A) hatred of the Persians towards the Greeks B) the aggressive foreign policy of the Persians C) the conflict over Sparta 3. Who is the People's Assembly in Athens chose as a strategist to fight the Persians: A) Aminius B) Mardonius C) Miltiades

After the Battle of Marathon, the threat from Persia persisted. This was perfectly understood by Themistocles. At his suggestion, the Athenians built a fleet of 200 triremes. Thanks to Themistocles, 30 Hellenic states created the Union of thirty Hellenic states to fight the Persians. Preparing for war

The battle in Thermopylae Gorge Tsar Leonidas and 300 Spartans, at the cost of their lives, covered the withdrawal of the main Greek army. Not a single Spartan surrendered to the Persians. Subsequently, an inscription was made on the monument in the gorge: "Traveler, take the message to all citizens, tell the Spartans about our death: we are true to our laws, we died here with bones."

The Persians had 800 ships located in three groups, blocking the exit from the strait. The Greeks have 200, built in 2 lines. A strong wind started. Themistocles gave the order to attack the left flank of the Persians. The Greek ships rammed the Persian ones, and those, pressed against each other, could not accelerate and did not cause any harm to the Greeks. Soon the Persians attacked the Greek center and right flank. The Persians in panic moved towards the straits, choked with their own ships. Battle of Salamis

The Persians in panic moved towards the straits, choked with their own ships. As a result of this grandiose battle, the Persians lost more than 200 ships, and the Greeks lost the Battle of Salamis

Greco-Persian wars Date of battle Name of battle Result of battle 490 BC Marathon victory of Greeks (Athenians) 480 BC Thermopylae defeat of the Greeks 480 BC Salamis victory of the Greeks 479 BC near the town of Plataea, the victory of the Greeks, the defeat of the remnants of the army of the Persians In a hard and long struggle, the Greeks defended their independence

Dictionary: Themistocles - Greek commander. Leonidas is a Spartan king. 480 BC - battle at Thermopylae pass. 480 BC - Battle of Salamis. 479 BC - Battle of Plataea. Trier is a Greek ship with 3 rows of oars (180 rowers). Xerxes is the king of Persia.

Sources Vigasin A.A., Goder G.I. Sventsitskaya I.S. Ancient world history. Textbook for grade 5. - M .: Education, 2008 Goder G.I. Workbook on the history of the Ancient world. Issue 2 - M .: Education, 2004 Araslanova O.V., Soloviev K.A. Lesson development on the history of the Ancient World. A guide for teachers - M .: Education, 2009 School encyclopedia. History of the Ancient World. - M .: "OLMA - PRESS", 2003 Internet - resources