Presentation on literature on the topic "Russian folklore" (grade 5). Presentation "Folklore-collective oral folk art. Small genres of folklore" How a blind man talks about colors

Abstract on literature grade 5, with the use of ICT.

Lesson number 2

Lesson topic. Russian folklore. Lullabies, little dogs, nursery rhymes.

Lesson objectives:

Educational:

- to acquaint students with the concept of "folklore", its genres;

- to give a figurative idea of ​​the origins of the lullaby;

- the formation of students' knowledge about small genres of children's folklore - lullabies, pestushki, nursery rhymes; enrichment of the vocabulary of students.

Developing:

- to instill the skill of reading peculiar genres of folklore; teach to perceive them with the soul;

- to foster a sense of the rhythm of folk songs, nursery rhymes;

- practice expressive reading skills;

- development of research and communication culture among schoolchildren.

Educational:

- to familiarize with the traditions of folk culture;

- to teach to see the beauty and variety of words;

- fostering interest in the folklore traditions of the Russian people.

Lesson type : a lesson in the formation (assimilation) and improvement of skills and abilities.

Lesson form : multimedia lesson with elements of research.

Methods and techniques:

1. Methods: verbal, explanatory and illustrative, problematic, heuristic.

2. Receptions: conversation on questions, teacher's story, vocabulary work, creative independent work,

expressive reading of an article of a textbook, assessment of reading according to a given table, analytical work with the text of an article with textbooks, drawing up a table.

Equipment and TCO: computer, multimedia projector, media presentation for the lesson (POWER POINT environment), textbook

cards, an exhibition of readers' diaries, sound recording of lullabies, a fragment from the film “Umka is looking for a friend”.

Literary theory : folklore, folk song.

Epigraph to the lesson . “The true history ... of the people cannot be known without knowing the oral folk art"M. Gorky

Lesson steps

During the classes

Note

1. Organizational

II. Homework survey

2. Conversation on the literature read over the summer, acquaintance with reading diaries.

Slide number 2

III. Updating basic knowledge and correcting it

(introductory tasks)

Guessing game(cards are attached to the board) .

Guess what genre of works the following texts belong to:

1. On the golden porch sat a king, a prince, a king, a prince, a shoemaker, a tailor. Who will you be? (The teacher opens a card on the board: counting rhymes)

2. You cannot easily pull a fish out of the pond (the Teacher opens a card on the board: proverbs).

3. Zarya the charger walked around the world, dropped a tear; I saw the sun for a month (Dew). (The teacher opens the card on the board: riddles).

4. Once upon a time there was an old man and an old woman, they had a daughter, Alyonushka, and a son, Ivanushka. ("Sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka"). ( The teacher opens a card on the board: fairy tales).

5. From the trampling of hooves, dust flies across the field. (The teacher opens the card on the board: tongue twisters).

Conversation.

Teacher's word. You were able to determine the types of works correctly. But for some reason, the author is not named anywhere, although you and I always treat the authors with respect. Why wasn't the author named? Forgot?

– Of course, all these works have an author, but we do not know his name. They were composed by the people.

– This means that all these works are called works of oral folk art. Before us is folk art. The art of the Russian people. Once one wrote it, passed it on to another, another to a third, and no one remembers the author.

– So why is it called oral? I read what I wrote to you.

– Indeed, it can now be written down. And earlier, when there was no written language, illiterate peasants in Russia passed them on from mouth to mouth. Everyone else, telling the other, forgot something and inserted their own words. This is the work of the Russian people. Although other peoples also have their own creativity.

Maybe you remember the other name of oral folklore?

– Yes, that's right. Folklore - from the English words "people" and "teaching", that is, folk wisdom.

Recording in the "Dictionary ..." meaning of the term folklore.

♦ What does the interpretation of this term mean?

Slide number 3

Slide number 5

Slide number 6

IV. Setting the goals and objectives of the lesson

Work on the epigraph for the lesson.

Slide number 7

V. Work on the topic of the lesson

V .1 Motivation for learning activities

V .2. Trial tasks

(use learned under standard conditions)

V .3. Creative tasks

(using what was learned in non-standard conditions)

1. The teacher's word

- Russian oral folk art is distinguished by an extraordinary richness and originality of genres, themes, heroes. It is rooted in the ancient Slavic artistic culture. Folklore has come a long way of development and reflected the work and life, the ideals of the Russian people. Folklore expressed the ardent and sincere love of the Russian people for their Motherland, about which the proverb says: "Great is the Svyatoi Russian land, and everywhere the sun is!"

2. Drawing up a comparative table "Folklore and Literature"

(The teacher and students make a table for the conversation questions.)

♦ What is the difference between folklore and literary works?

♦ How are folklore and literary works created?

♦ Have you seen the name of their author on the covers of the books "Russian Fairy Tales", "Proverbs and Sayings"? Why?

♦ Does it happen that you tell a fairy tale to a friend, and he corrects you, saying: "But I read, it was a little different there." Why is this happening?

♦ What genres (types) of folklore do you know? (Fairy tales, tales, epics, songs, proverbs, sayings)

Writing in a notebook.

Children's folklore genres : lullabies, pestushki, nursery rhymes, tongue twisters, chants, games, teasers, riddles, horror stories, absurdities-not-witches, school rhymes, anecdotes, mischievous songs.

Physical education

Clap our palms

Let the legs dance

Let the legs dance

On a flat path. (They dance).

Our legs are tired - 2 times.

This is our home where we live.

Cross legs - get down

And wait for the command.

And when I say: "Get up!"

Don't help them with your hand. Get up!

Legs together, legs apart

Legs straight, legs obliquely.

Legs here and legs there.

What is the noise and what is the din?

Come home quickly!

4. Continuation of the teacher's words (conversation)

Knowledge of the world by each of us begins with folklore. Mom lulled us with a song, grandmother told us a fairy tale. We grow and learn new genres of oral folk art: riddles are taught to think, we use counting rhymes when we play with friends. The wisdom of the people gave birth to short expressions: proverbs and sayings that convey the basic rules of life. The main source was Russian life, centuries of work experience, everyday life, from the cradle to the last days of life.

– Do you think we have listed all the genres of folklore? After all, we have not yet opened one card.

– Do you want to know what is written there?

Oh, lyuli, lyuli, whether

Sleep, child, sleep.

You are a cat-cat,

Come, kitty, sleep

Download my baby.

Bayu-byu-bye ... (Lullaby).

5. The history of the lullaby.

How many lullabies do you think there are?

How did they reach our days?

So what songs are we going to talk about today?

How did they come down to us?

There are not so many lullabies, but they are passed down from generation to generation, just each mother sings in her own way, changing something, complementing something. And the lullaby is born again, as it were. Every nation has lullabies. These songs, as the ancestors believed, protected the sleeping child from the tricks of the dark force.

Let's listen to the lullaby.

Why was the song called a lullaby?

On slide 12: CRADLE (CRYLING, ROCKING, MOUNTING).

Find synonyms for this word.

How did you get lulled as a child?

In what tone did your mother sing the song to you?

Yes, it is true love, affection is transmitted with a lullaby. Let the child not hear yet, but already feel.

How do you think he feels? (affection, love, mother's tenderness)

A lullaby is sung so that the child grows up pure in soul, gentle and kind.

In songs, performers often turn to animals, urging them to protect and protect the child from hardship.

6.Creative group work

And now I invite you to the creative workshop. You have two cards. Read the assignment on these cards and choose only one with the assignment that you like best. We are working.

ORDER THE ORDER TO MAKE A LULLABY.

The cranes have arrived

Oh, lyuli - lyuli - lyuli!

And the gate creak - creak

They sat at the gate

We have Vanya asleep - asleep.

Don't wake up Vanya

In the river trickles say

The moon looks out of our window

Stars are burning in the sky

He tells small children to sleep.

ORDER THE ORDER TO MAKE A LULLABY

Don't lie on the edge

And take you into the woods

Hush, Little Baby, Do not Say a Word

A gray top will come

Under the bush

7. Continuing work on the topic

How long has a lullaby been in existence?

And now let's try to travel back several decades with you. Imagine a simple peasant hut. In the middle of the hut on a birch pole, which was called OCHEP, a cradle hangs. And you need to sing a song to the baby.

(The children perform the lullabies they have prepared.)

We have guys who also worked at home and prepared lullabies for you.

What mood is heard in these songs?

What do mothers dream of when they sing lullabies to their children?

Lullabies were sung in the old days without musical accompaniment, "recitative" Let's look at the explanatory dictionary. Let's read it.

RECITATIVE- melodious speech in a vocal piece.

So, how were lullabies performed?

What is the tempo for this song?

What is the volume? What is the tone?

What feelings would you like to convey while reading this song?

8. Analysis of the texts of lullabies.

Let's try all this while reading a song. And you have to choose who did it better. (work with textbook texts).

9. Work on the lesson material.

Teacher's word... Listen to the lyrics and think for whom these lines were written:

There is a horned goat for the little guys,

Who sucks a nipple, who does not drink milk,

That boo, bum, I will plant on the horns!

Okay, okay, where were you? By Grandma.

What did you eat? Koshku. What did you drink? Mug.

White-sided magpie, cooked porridge. She fed the children.

She gave to this, gave to this ... But she did not give to this.

You didn't carry water, you didn't chop wood, you didn't cook porridge.

You have nothing.

– Who were the lyrics for? For what purpose? Maybe for the child to fall asleep? Or maybe console, play? How would you name such rhymes? Explain the answer.

– Such rhymes are called nursery rhymes... Why do you think?

– They accompany the child's games with fingers ("Magpie-white-sided"), handles ("Ladushki"), legs.

– Nursery rhymes are a genre of oral folk art.

– For which children were these songs composed? After all, you are children too! Maybe for you?

– Explain your answer.

– Children learn different things: wash, clap their hands, the smallest learn to perform movements with arms and legs.

2.Vocabulary work

– What words do you misunderstand? Let's all together try to figure out the meaning of the words written on the board that you met in the texts of nursery rhymes:

superfluous (outdated) - dashing trouble grief evil

more - stronger

papar - warm it up

wattle fence

3. Creative work with memorization or reproduction in the memory of students

Folklore. Folk instruments. Folklore. Russian folklore. Folk traditions. Children's folklore. Folklore genre. Oral folk art and literature. Folk songs. Genres of folklore. Musical folklore. Small genres of folklore. Folklore (grade 5). Folk ornament. Ritual folklore.

Folklore genres. Folklore (oral folk art). "Oral folk art" "Small genres of oral folk art". Calendar-ritual folklore. Project "Russian Folklore". Kuban folklore. Small genres of children's folklore. Folklore of Karelia. Drawing up an oral story based on a picture.

Culture and art of oral speech. Folklore carousel. Traditions of the Russian folk game. Folklore and modernity. FOLKLORE Calendar-ritual songs. Small genres of folklore grade 5. The development of the speech of young children by means of small folklore. Russian folklore in children's games. Topic: Small genres of oral folk art.

Dramatic genres of folklore. “Folklore as a means of introducing children to Russian folk culture. The image of Pugachev in folklore, the works of Pushkin and Yesenin. The image of Pugachev in folklore, the works of A.S. Pushkin and S.A. Yesenin. Connoisseurs of children's folklore. The image of a horse in Russian folklore. Playful and amusing family folklore.

The image of Baba-Yaga in Russian folklore. Folklore of the Uligers. The City of Folk Artists project. Folklore minutes. Poetic monument to the people's feat. Ivan the Fool is a character of Russian folklore. Extracurricular reading lesson Grade 2 Small folklore genres. Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture through small folklore forms.

Slide 1

Written sources testify to the richness and diversity of the folklore of Ancient Rus. History teacher MOU "Secondary school with. Vyazovka Bazarno-Karabulaksky district of the Saratov region "Perova Tatyana Anatolyevna

Slide 2

The main place in folklore

A significant place in it was occupied by calendar ritual poetry: conspiracies, spells, songs, which were an integral part of the agrarian cult. Ritual folklore also included pre-wedding songs, funeral laments, songs at feasts and funerals. Mythological legends were also widespread, reflecting the pagan ideas of the ancient Slavs. For many years, the church, striving to eradicate the remnants of paganism, waged a stubborn struggle against "pagan" customs, "demonic games" and "blasphemers". Nevertheless, these types of folklore survived in folk life up to the 19th-20th centuries, having lost their initial religious meaning over time.

Slide 3

There were also such forms of folklore that were not associated with a pagan cult, such as proverbs, sayings, riddles, fairy tales, and labor songs. Authors of literary works have widely used them in their work.

"The sun works during the day, but takes rest at night!" "Whom God soaks, that dries up" "He lived in the forest, prayed to stumps" "What the wolf had in his teeth, Yegoriy gave" "He sat on the stove, prayed to bricks" Do not be afraid, and fate cannot escape "" Where there is no share, there is not great happiness "" Do not be born either good or comely, be born happy "" You will not get away from dashing. "

Slide 4

Written monuments brought to us numerous legends and legends about the ancestors of tribes and princely dynasties, about the founders of cities, about the struggle against foreigners. Folk legends about the events of the II-VI centuries were reflected in the "Lay of Igor's Host".

Slide 5

However, epics rarely retained the accuracy of the actual details. But the dignity of epics was not in exact adherence to historical facts. Their main value is that these works were created by the people and reflect their views, an assessment of the essence of historical events and an understanding of the social relations that developed in the Old Russian state, its ideals. Most of the epic stories are associated with the time of the reign of Vladimir Svyatoslavovich - the time of the unity and power of Russia and the successful struggle against the steppe nomads. But the true hero of the epic epic is not Prince Vladimir, but the heroes who personified the people. Ilya Muromets, a peasant son, a courageous warrior-patriot, defender of “widows and orphans”, became a favorite national hero. The people also praised the peasant-plowman Mikula Selyaninovich. The epics reflected the idea of ​​Russia as a single state. Their main theme is the struggle of the people against foreign invaders; they are imbued with the spirit of patriotism. The ideas of the unity and greatness of Russia, service to the motherland were preserved in epics and in times of political fragmentation, the Golden Horde yoke. For many centuries, these ideas, the images of heroes-heroes inspired the people to fight the enemy, which predetermined the longevity of the epic epic preserved in the people's memory.

Folklore is a collective oral folk art. Small genres of folklore. - What does the word folklore mean? - What came first: folklore or literature? - Who was the creator of the folklore? - What genres of folklore do you know? - What small genres of folklore do you know?

• Tomorrow a Blue-blue-blue whale will fly from the sky, If you believe, wait and wait, But if you don't believe - come out!
• Greek rode across the river. He sees a Greek: there is a cancer in the river, He thrust the Greek hand into the river - Cancer by the hand of a Greek - a tsap!
• To be afraid of a wolf - do not go to the forest.

• Hanging pear - you can't eat.
• Bayu-bayushki-bayu Bayu-bayushki-bayu, Do not lie down on the edge. A gray top will come, He will grab the barrel And drag it into the woods, Under the bush. Don't go to us, top, don't wake up our Sasha.

Term "folklore", which was first introduced into science by the English scientist W.J. Toms, translated means “folk wisdom.” Understand this term in different ways: sometimes it means any folk art (dance, music, woodcarving, etc.), sometimes - only verbal. Folklore is distinguished by the following features: oral form of existence, reliance on traditions, the immediacy of the contact between the performer and the listener, collectivity, nationality, the combination of words with elements of other types of art. Folklore works were performed by guslars and buffoons. A good storyteller knew up to ten works by memory. Naturally, in order to remember and reproduce any work, the people This is a set of traditional beginnings and endings, the repetition of words, episodes, the use of folklore symbols (cuckoo, aspen-mountain), common typical places (the beauty formula is "neither say in a fairy tale, nor describe with a pen"; command formula - "rise before me, like a leaf before the grass ”), constant epithets. Proverb - a small form of folk poetry, clothed in a short, rhythmic dictum, carrying a generalized thought, conclusion, allegory with a didactic bias.

• Birds of a feather flock together.
• You can't get a fish out of the pond without difficulty.
• A rolling stone gathers no moss.
• You go softly, but hard to sleep.
• Fear has big eyes.
• Being a guest is good, but being at home is better.

Proverb - a phrase, a turn of speech, reflecting any phenomenon of life, often has a humorous character, unlike a proverb, it does not have an instructive meaning.

• « Hunger is not an aunt, she will not feed a cake»
• « Teach your grandmother to suck eggs»
• « He called himself a gruzdem - get into the box»
• « What do you call a boat - so it will float»
• « Road spoon for dinner»
• « Yes, curls will not replace convolutions!»

Reader - a small rhyme, the form of a toss, with the help of which it is determined who drives in the game. The counting room is an element of the game that helps to establish agreement and respect for the accepted rules. In organizing a counting room, rhythm is very important.

• The mice came out once. See what time it is. One-two-three-four, Mice pulled the weights. Then a terrible ringing was heard - The mice scattered away.
• Beyond the seas, beyond the mountains, Behind the iron pillars, On a hillock - a teremok, There is a castle on the doors. You go for the key And unlock the lock.

Patter - a phrase based on a combination of sounds that make it difficult to quickly pronounce words.

• From the trampling of hooves, dust flies across the field.
• Karl stole corals from Klara, Klara stole a clarinet from Karl.
• Four turtles have four turtles.
• Two puppies, cheek to cheek, Nibbling a brush in the corner.

Mystery - an allegorical poetic description of an object or phenomenon that tests the quick wit of the guessing one.

• Well, who of you will answer: Not fire, but it burns painfully, Not a lantern, but shines brightly, And not a baker, but bakes?

Calls - one of the types of cryptic songs of pagan origin. They reflect the interests and ideas of peasants about the economy and family. Calls represent an appeal to the sun, rainbow, rain and other natural phenomena, as well as to animals and especially often to birds, which were considered heralds of spring

• Sunny, equip yourself! Red, show yourself! Come out from behind the clouds, I'll give you a bunch of nuts!
• Frost-Frost! Do not pull home by the nose, Do not knock, do not spoil, And draw on the windows!
• Cucumbers, cucumbers, Do not go to that little end: There the mouse lives, Your tail will bite off.

Joke(from bayat, that is, to tell) is a poetic, short, funny story that a mother tells her child.

• Tili-bom, tili-bom Cat's house on fire. The cat jumped out, Eyes bulging, A chicken with a bucket is running, Fills the Cat's house!
• Three goats mowed the grass On meadow-puddles, On green hummocks. Goats are young, Ponytails are short.

Nursery - an element of pedagogy, a verdict song accompanying the game with the fingers, hands and feet of the child. Nursery rhymes, like little dogs, accompany the development of children. Pestushka(from the word to nurture, that is, to nurse, groom) - a short poetic melody of nannies and mothers, with which they accompany the actions of the child, which he performs at the very beginning of his life. Lullaby - a song with which a child is lulled. People believed that a person is surrounded by mysterious hostile forces, and if a child sees something bad, terrible in a dream, then in reality it will not happen again.

• Oh, li-li, li-li, li-li! The cranes arrived. Upland-legged cranes Didn't find a way, a road. They sat on the gate, And the gate - creak-creak ... Don't wake Vanya with us - We have Vanya asleep, asleep.
• Sleep walks around the hut In a gray dressing gown. And the sonikha under the window In a blue sundress. They walk together, And you, daughter, sleep.

• Baiushki-baiushki, The ermine rode. They galloped to the cradle And looked at Masha. And the ermine said: “Grow up quickly! I will take you to me, I will show you in the forest And a wolf cub, and a hare, And a frog in a swamp, And a cuckoo on the tree, And a fox under the tree. "

Small genres of folklore:

• Chastushka, genre of Russian verbal and musical folk art, a short (usually 4-line) song of humorous content with a fast pace of performance.
I worked for my brother - As soon as I whiled away the days, I asked for the shoes: "Sister, I didn't work!"
• Fable - conversation about the actions of the heroes, showing their character traits.
- Thomas, is it warm in your hut? - Warmly! You can endure it on the stove in a fur coat.
• Fable tells an unusual, invented, "inverted" picture of life.
Jona was pretty ... she looked out the window, so dogs bark for three days ...

Find the definition of a genre of folklore: Genre of folklore Definition of a genre

• Proverb
• Proverb
• Counting room
• Ditty
• Tale
• Pestushka
• Mystery
• Fable
• Pure clause
• The call

• Allegorical description of an object in order to guess what was conceived
• Conversation about the actions of the heroes, showing their character traits.
• Allegory with a didactic bias.
• A short poetic melody of nannies and mothers as they accompany the actions of the child.
• A small rhyme, the form of a toss, with which it is determined who drives in the game.
• An incantatory song addressed to natural phenomena.
• A phrase based on a combination of sounds that make it difficult to quickly pronounce words.
• Tells an unusual, invented, "inverted" picture of life.
• A short humorous song.
• A stable expression describing a situation or character that does not carry a teaching.

Define the tasks of small folklore genres: Genre Genre tasks

• Proverb
• Proverb
• Counting room
• Mystery
• Tale
• Fable
• Nursery rhyme

• Hints (covertly evaluates) various phenomena of human life.
• Teaches you to guess what is planned.
• Fun teaches to distinguish between reality and fantasy, to develop imagination.
• Briefly and accurately assess the characters and actions of people.
• Have fun teaching toddler about gestures
• Help assign roles in the game in a fun way.
• Make fun of bad character traits or show the hero's wit.

Presentation on the topic: Collectors of Russian folk tales Completed by: student of 4th grade Egorova Milena Checked by: class teacher Popova OP Yakutsk, 2014

Aleksandr Nikolaevich Afanasiev A. N. Afanasyev (July 11, 1826 - September 23, 1871) - an outstanding Russian collector of folklore, researcher of the spiritual culture of the Slavic peoples, historian and literary critic. Born in the city of Boguchar, Voronezh province, where his father, a very intelligent man and highly appreciated education, served as a district solicitor. Educated at the Voronezh gymnasium and Moscow University, where he studied at the Faculty of Law, where he was imbued with an interest in the study of antiquity, and above all the ancient Russian way of life. Having become interested in folk life, the young scientist could not pass by oral creativity, including fairy tales.

Afanasyev A.N. carried out a tremendous job of collecting and systematizing Russian fairy tales, which were combined into the collection "Russian folk tales" and during 1855-1863. published in eight editions. The scientist extracted the texts of fairy tales from the archive of the Russian Geographical Society and, together with these texts, published the recordings of the fairy tales of another outstanding figure of Russian culture - V. I. Dal. In his collection, Afanasyev systematized the voluminous material of Russian fairy tales of the first half of the 19th century, providing them with extensive scientific commentary. The system adopted by Afanasyev is the first attempt at classifying fairy tales in general.

The collection includes more than 600 fairy tales from all over Russia. Until now, this is the largest collection of fairy tales. In total, this book has gone through more than twenty-five editions. Among other fairy tales included in the collection, a special place is taken by everyone's favorite "Kolobok", "Turnip", "Teremok", "Morozko", "Geese - Swans", "By the Pike's Command", etc., which became known thanks to the efforts of A.N. Afanasyev, and which can rightfully be called countless fabulous riches.

IN AND. Dahl is a famous lexicographer. Born on November 10, 1801. in the Yekaterinoslav province in the city of Lugansk (hence Dahl's pseudonym: Kazak Lugansk). His father was a Dane, multilaterally educated, a linguist (he even knew ancient Greek), a theologian and a physician; mother is German, daughter of Freytag, who translated Gesner and Ifland into Russian. Dahl's father took Russian citizenship and was generally an ardent Russian patriot. Dahl was a multifaceted person. He was an outstanding lexicographer, folklorist and ethnographer. He was versed in agriculture, trade, maritime and engineering, homeopathy, horse breeding, fishing, shipbuilding, houses and bridges. He sang beautifully and played many musical instruments, was a good surgeon, high-ranking official and academician, one of the founders and active members of the Russian Geographical Society. Dal Vladimir Ivanovich

Vladimir Ivanovich Dal is the creator of the famous Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language and the author of wonderful fairy tales for children. He was also a connoisseur and collector of Russian folk art. It was he who collected and wrote down the well-known proverbs "You can't take a fish out of a pond without difficulty", "If you are afraid of a wolf, don't go to the forest." They glorified him as a writer “Russian fairy tales from folk oral tradition into civil literacy, adapted to everyday life and adorned with walking sayings by the Cossack Vladimir Lugansky. First Five ”, published in 1832.

Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky (1824-1870) is the founder of Russian pedagogy, in particular preschool pedagogy. He based his pedagogical system on the idea of ​​the nationality of upbringing, believing that from an early age children should learn elements of folk culture, master their native language, and get acquainted with the works of oral folk art. According to K.D. Ushinsky, fairy tales are "the first and brilliant attempts of Russian folk pedagogy," and no one can compete with the "pedagogical genius of the people." Therefore, he believed that children will learn more by reading interesting, but at the same time instructive tales and stories.

Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich - (1828-1910) - one of the most widely known Russian writers and thinkers. Member of the defense of Sevastopol. Educator, publicist, religious thinker. Leo Tolstoy's fairy tales are designed to make it easier for children to memorize scientific material. Many works of "New alphabet" and "Russian books for reading" are subordinated to this principle. In 1872, he wrote the fairy tale "Three Bears", beloved by all children, for the New Alphabet. Its narration is extremely close to a realistic story: it does not contain the beginning and endings traditional for folk tales. Events unfold from the first phrases: “One girl left home for the forest. She got lost in the forest and began to look for the way home, but did not find it, but came to the house in the forest ”.

Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy was born on January 10 (December 29), 1883 in the city of Nikolaevsk, Samara province. An amazing and talented writer who wrote many works in different directions, but we know him as a writer who presented wonderful fairy tales for children. Creating his fabulous masterpieces, Tolstoy could not ignore Russian folk tales. Amazing folklore told the author how best to convey to the listener the idea and deep meaning of each children's fairy tale. Tolstoy, on his own behalf, processed and rewrote some fairy tales and fairy tales about animals.

The process of reworking folk tales was very difficult and time consuming, requiring a certain writing talent. Alexey Tolstoy selected the most interesting and popular fairy tales, which were presented in a very beautiful folk form and written in a magnificent folk language, and diluted them with some classical literature. We know of such tales as Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf, The Wolf and the Kids, Sister Alyonushka and Brother Ivanushka, and many other tales.

When writing the work, materials from the following Internet resources were used: http://narodstory.net www.hobbitaniya.ru http://ru.wikipedia.org images.yandex.ru