Pseudonyms of writers and poets of the 19th century. Famous aliases. Do you know who is who? IV. Aliases for journalism

• Afanasy Fet - Afanasy Shenshin
• Igor Severyanin - Igor Lotarev
• Arkady Gaidar - Arkady Golikov
• Maxim Gorky - Maxim Peshkov

pseudonyms of 19th century writers

• Jack London - John Griffith Cheney
• Kozma Prutkov - Brothers Alexey, Vladimir and Alexander Zhemchuzhnikov and Alexey Tolstoy
• Alexander Green - Alexander Grinevsky
• Georges Sand - Aurora Dupin
• Mark Twain - Samuel Clemens
• Lewis Carroll - Charles Lutwidge Dodgson
• Andrey Bely - Bugaev Boris

pseudonyms of 20th century writers

• Korney Chukovsky- Nikolay Korneichuk
• Kir Bulychev - Igor Mozheiko
• Grigory Gorin - Grigory Ofshtein
• Eduard Limonov - Eduard Savenko
• Arkady Arkanov - Arkady Steinbock
• Boris Akunin - Grigory Chkhartishvili
• Anna Akhmatova - Anna Gorenko
• Eduard Bagritsky- Eduard Dzyubin
• Alexander Grin - Alexander Grinevich
• Viktor Suvorov - Vladimir Rezun
• Veniamin Kaverin- Benjamin Zilber
• Daniil Kharms - Daniil Yuvachev
• Alexandra Marinina- Marina Alekseeva

I wondered - why did they change their first or last name?

Previously, they decorated their name, then they "hid" their nationality more or made them more memorable (remember Chkhartishvili, for example, Akunin is much easier).

Marinina, for example, being a police officer, did not want to "shine" under her own name.

Journalists feel more comfortable - they write what they want or come up with.

They still cannot understand why the pseudonym of Lenin or Stalin appeared ...

Trotsky Lev Davidovich, the second person of Soviet Russia during Lenin's time, from childhood was called by the name of Leib Davidovich Bronstein. He took the surname Trotsky after serving in an Odessa prison in 1898. It is clear that after his imprisonment he changed his name, not having much Russified. There are also several versions.

Sergey Kostrikov became Kirov - it is believed that he really liked the Persian ruler Cyrus.

Charles Aznavour - Aznavuryan Shahnur Vaghinak (Varenag)

Irina Allegrova - Klimchuk? Inessa? Alexandrovna

Russian pop singer. When she arrived in Moscow and entered the circus school, she borrowed her name from a neighbor in the hostel, and instead of her last name she took the first word she came across from the Music Dictionary, which was "allegro".
According to another version, the singer's father, operetta artist Alexander Sarkisov took the pseudonym Alexander Allegrov, and his daughter Irina received this surname at birth.

Nadezhda Babkina Zasedateleva Nadezhda

Russian pop singer, creator and soloist of the ensemble "Russian Song" (1975). If the last name is difficult to pronounce, then your path to success will be difficult. Until they see you, fall in love, finally remember your surname ... So Nadezhda Babkina has much more advantages than Nadezhda Zasedateleva.

VALERY Perfilova (Shulgina) Alla

Russian pop singer. Her pseudonym was invented by her ex-husband and producer A. Shulgin (perhaps because the name Alla is strongly associated with Alla Pugacheva)

Marina Vladi - Polyakova-Baydarova Marina-Luiza Vladimirovna

French actress and singer. V. Vysotsky's wife, daughter of the opera artist Vladimir Polyakov-Baydarov, a native of the Russian Empire. The pseudonym Vladi Marina took after the death of her father in his honor.

Lada Dance Volkova (Velichkovskaya) Lada

Russian pop singer. The pseudonym Lada Dance was "born" on tour. Sergei Lemokh announced after the performance: "It was Lada! And everything behind her is dance!" those. girls on a dancer.

Chris Kelmi Kalinkin Anatoly

And he is not any Balts, he just has such a pseudonym. At that time, Baltic artists were in vogue.

PENCIL Rumyantsev Mikhail Nikolaevich

The famous Soviet clown, he received the nickname Pencil not for his short stature, but invented it himself when he saw the poster of the French artist Karan d "Asha. (Yes, he really was!)

Klara Novikova Herzer Klara Borisovna

Russian pop artist. She changed her surname Herzer to Novikova - (surname of her first husband) ... but why, if she portrays Aunt Sonya from Odessa?

True, it is interesting - just for fun.

SIX-YEAR-OLD BONDER

Mm. biennium! Allow a happy and proud parent to address you, gentlemen, publishers of the highly respected Iskra magazine!

In our time, when the most incredible miracles of civilization are being performed with such speed, with our own eyes, so to speak, when progress is developing so rapidly - these miracles, this development should have been reflected in all modern personalities, and especially on the impressionable personalities of children! All children, I am sure, are imbued with progress, but not all are given to embody their feelings! With involuntary pride, albeit with humility, I declare publicly: I have a son who has been given this high ability; he is a poet ... but as a true child of our time - a poet is not a lyricist, a poet-satirist, a poet-accuser.

He is over six years old. He was born on November 27, 1853. He grew up remarkably strange. Until two years old he was breastfeeding and seemed weak and even an ordinary child, suffered greatly from scrofula; but already from the age of three, a change took place in him: he began to think and sigh; a bitter smile appeared on his lips and never left them; he stopped crying - but irony snakes across his features, even when he sleeps. In the fourth year, he was disappointed; but he soon realized the backwardness of this moment of self-awareness and became higher than it: a cold, bilious calm, occasionally interrupted by outbursts of energetic sarcasm - this is the usual state of his spirit. With him, I must agree, it's hard to live ... But he himself is not easier to live. He learned to read - and eagerly threw himself on the books; not many of our domestic authors have earned his approval. According to him, Shchedrin is one-sided and weak in satire; Nekrasov is too soft, Mr. Elagin is not quite frank and has not mastered the secret, as he put it, "icy-burning mockery"; he is quite pleased with some of Mr. Bov's articles in Sovremennik; they constitute, together with the praises of Mr. Rosenheim, the subject of his constant study. "-Bov and Rosenheim, - he exclaimed once at the table, having previously thrown a spoonful of porridge on my forehead (I am giving you these details, because I think that over time they will have a great value in the eyes of literary historians), - Bob and Rosenheim are at enmity with each other, and yet they are flowers growing on the same branch! "

I frankly confess that I do not always understand him, and my wife, his mother, simply trembles before him; but, gentlemen, the feeling of reverent admiration for one's own product is a high feeling!

Let me tell you, for a test, a few of my son's poems: I ask you to notice in them a gradual maturation of thought and talent. The 1st and 2nd numbers were written by him two years ago; they still respond with the naivety of first childhood impressions, especially No. 1, in which the way of immediately explaining the accusatory thought through commentary resembles the manner of the painters of the thirteenth century; 3rd No was produced in the era of melancholic disillusionment, which I already mentioned in my letter; The 4th and final No burst out of my son's chest recently. Read and judge! With perfect respect and the same dedication I abide, mm. biennium,

Your most humble servant,

Platon Nedobobov, retired teacher of Russian literature.

My son's name is Jeremiah ... a remarkable fact! Amazing, though, of course, unconscious foresight of his future vocation!

Cat and mouse

A mouse is sitting on the floor
The cat on the window ...

A comment:

(I brought the people in a mouse,
Stanovoy in the cat.)

Cat - jump! Mouse - into the hole,
But he lost his tail ...

A comment:

(This means that the official
Got a bribe.)

Daddy took a cane and a cat
Carved without mercy ...

A comment:

(Give praise to superiors
We are always glad!)

Angry cat bit
Daddy near the thigh ...

A comment:

(The predatory camp recently
I got the buckle ...)

But the poet castigates him
With a word of rejection ...
Nanny! put for it
Jam in my mouth!

Absolute irony

Filled with strict pride
I look sternly at Russia ...
The barman brings two melons -
Good, I mutter, you goose!

The filling darkens in the bottle ...
I think: oh, a sign of stupidity!
A man itched in the back of his head -
What a fool you are, I whisper!

Pop strokes the filly's belly -
And he, I sighed, man!
The teacher gave me a splash -
I didn’t say anything here.

Sigh
(Elegy)

Oh, why from an infant diaper
Grief for bribes crept into my soul!
The sad fact of bribes and bribes
A sensitive child is poisoned
Like a sheepfold with the smell of a goat!

Talk

You are boring today, my son.
Nurse's milk is not tasty?

2 year old son

Give me a dime.

Here is a patch.
No more.

Let's; stingy is disgusting.
Copper?!?

No, you know, silver.
But why do you need? ..

Not for good.

I want to bribe the footman
So that he daddy, not shy ...

Understand; give me a piglet;
I will do everything exactly, my friend.
(Leaves)

Son (one)

Bribe! Mother!! Father!!! Oh century! About morals !!!
Robespierre and you, Marat - you are right!

Jeremiah Nedobobov

Notes (edit)

Reprinted according to the text of the first publication: Iskra, 1859, No. 50, pp. 513-515 (censored December 21, 1859).

Included in the collected works for the first time.

The autograph is unknown.

The belonging of the feuilleton-parody directed against N. A. Dobrolyubov to the pen of Turgenev was proved in the detailed article by G. F. Perminov "Turgenev about N. A. Dobrolyubov. Unknown feuilleton-parody of Turgenev in Iskra" , pp. 106-118). The basis for this attribution is, first of all, the memoirs of P. I. Pashino, published during the life of Turgenev: "In Iskra, Turgenev and Saltykov also tried their pen" (St. Petersburg, Veda, 1881, No. 319, December 20 / January 1, 1882); elsewhere: "There are also poems by Jeremiah Nedobobov, belonging to<...>I. S. Turgenev "- and further:" hiding under the pseudonym Nedobobov ", Turgenev wanted to" hurt Dobrolyubov "(" Minute ", 1882, No. 121, May 13). None of these instructions provoked objections from Turgenev or his Friends In the book "Satirical Journalism of the 1860s" (Moscow, 1964, pp. 113-114) IG Yampolskiy considers the feuilleton "The Six-Year-Old Censor" as written by Turgenev.

The feuilleton could have been written by Turgenev in St. Petersburg between November 27 (the date of Jeremiah Nedobobov's "birth" indicated in the feuilleton) and December 21, 1859 (the date of Iskra's censorship). Several months before that, Herzen's article "Very dangerous !!!" was published in Kolokol (1859, sheet 44, June 1, new style, pp. 363-364), directed against discrediting accusatory literature in Sovremennik and in "Whistle" - mainly in the speeches of N. A. Dobrolyubov. This article became known to Turgenev at the very moment of its appearance (he was in London and communicated with Herzen from June 1 to June 8, 1859); its orientation is the same as that of Turgenev's feuilleton. One can also outline the points of contact between the parodic image of the "six-year-old denouncer" and the interpretation of Hamlet in Turgenev's speech.

All of Perminov's argumentation in the above-mentioned article, presented here briefly, in its most essential moments, allows us to consider as proven the authorship of Turgenev for the feuilleton-parody in Iskra.

Description of the presentation for individual slides:

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The work was completed by a student of the 7th grade of the secondary school № 1 Ostroukhova Anastasia. Head Makhortova Irina Anatolyevna

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Why did the writers take pseudonyms for themselves, what meaning do they carry, what are the ways of their formation? study of the reasons for the appearance of pseudonyms of Russian writers and poets of the 19th century, their classification according to the methods of education

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Pseudonyms allow you to more fully represent the history of literature, get to know more about the biography and work of writers

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Identify the reasons for the appearance of aliases. Explore ways to create pseudonyms. Classify aliases into specific groups. Conduct a survey.

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famous Russian writers and poets of the 19th century are pseudonyms of Russian writers and poets, whose work is studied in grades 5-7 according to the program of V.Ya. Korovina

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A pseudonym is a false name, a fictitious name or a conventional sign with which the author signs his work.

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Pen test Censorship Classical prejudices Same names Common surname Comic effect

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All pseudonyms are divided into certain groups, based on the principle of their formation. According to researchers, there are now over fifty different types of pseudonyms. Dmitriev V.G. in the book "Those Who Hid Their Names" identifies 57 classification groups of aliases

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Method of education Pseudonym Real surname Comment 1) kryptonyms - signatures in the form of initials and various abbreviations T.L. Tolstoy Lev A.S.G. A.S. Grinevsky A.F. Afanasy Fet On the first book of his poems "Lyrical Pantheon" 20-year-old Fet hid his name and surname, hiding under the initials A.F. He then tried to destroy this book by I. Kr. or K. Ivan Krylov So he signed his first work - an epigram in the journal "Medicine for boredom and worries" N.N. Nikolay Nekrasov

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apoonyms - pseudonyms obtained by dropping the beginning or end of the name, surname Green A. S. Grinevsky gave his surname a foreign connotation, sacrificing its second half. "Green!" - so shortly the guys called Grinevsky at school. Growing up, he used the nickname as a pseudonym. -in M.Yu. Lermontov Censorship forbade the publication of the "Song about the merchant Kalashnikov ...", since the author was exiled to the Caucasus. But at the request of V.A. Zhukovsky, it was allowed to be published without indicating the author's surname. The editorial board of "Russian Invalid" put under the work -v. Atelonyms, - pseudonyms obtained by skipping part of the letters of the name and surname Alexander Nkshp, --P- Alexander Inksh A.S. Pushkin OOOO NV Gogol These four "o" were included in the full surname of NV Gogol. Gogol - Gogol - Yanovskaya

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2) paizonim - a comic pseudonym with the aim of producing a comic effect F.A. Belopyatkin, Feklist Bob, Ivan Borodavkin, Churmen, the broker Nazar Vymochkin of the Literary Exchange Nikolai Nekrasov Feofilakt Kosichkin A.S. Pushkin This is Pushkin's favorite pseudonym, with which he signed two pamphlets in the "Telescope" Maremyan Danilovich Zhukovyatnikov, the chairman of the commission on the construction of the Muratov house, the author of the cramped stable, the fire-breathing ex-president of the old vegetable garden, the cavalier of three livers and the commander of Galimatiya Vasily Zhukovsky signed his Vasily Zhukovsky ballad "Elena Ivanovna Protasova, or Friendship, Impatience and Cabbage" Retired teacher of Russian literature Platon Nedobobov I.S. Turgenev So signed I.S. Turgenev feuilleton "Six Years Censor" G. Baldastov; Makar Baldastov; My brother's brother; Doctor without patients; Nut No. 6; Nut No. 9; Rook; Don Antonio Chekhonte; Nettle; Purselepetans; A man without a spleen; Champagne; Young old man; Akaki Tarantulov, Someone, Shiller Shakesperovich Goethe, Arkhip Indeykin; Vasily Spiridonov Svolachev; Zakharieva; Petukhov A.P. Chekhov Chekhov has more than 50 pseudonyms

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3) matronyms - pseudonyms formed from the name or surname of the author's mother Shenshin A.A. Fet the mother's surname Turgenev-Lutovinov I.S. Turgenev's mother's surname 4) phrenonym - a pseudonym indicating the main character trait of the author or the main feature of his work. Maxim Gorky A. Peshkov Maxim Gorky associated himself and his work with the bitterness of life and the bitterness of truth. M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin M.E. Saltykov The pseudonym was obtained by joining the real surname with the pseudonym Shchedrin, which he chose on the advice of his wife, as a derivative of the word "generous", since in his writings he is extremely generous with all kinds of sarcasms 5) Palynonym (an anagram-changeling) is a pseudonym, formed by reading the name and surname from right to left, Navi Volyrk Ivan Krylov This method, despite its simplicity, did not become widespread, because as a result, as a rule, an ugly combination of sounds was obtained.

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6) a geonym, or troponym, is a pseudonym associated with geographical objects, most often with a place of birth or residence Anthony Pogorelsky Alexey Alekseevich Perovsky Alexey Alekseevich Perovsky took the pseudonym Anthony Pogorelsky from the village of Pogorelets, inherited from his father. Krasnorogsky Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy first appeared in print, having published a separate book, under the pseudonym "Krasnorogsky" (from the name of the estate Krasny Rog), the fantastic story "Ghoul". Gr. Diarbekir M.Yu. Lermontov M.Yu. Lermontov signed the poems "Goshpital" and "Ulansha" with one of his pseudonyms - "Gr. Diyarbekir ". The poet borrowed this name of the city in Turkish Kurdistan from the novel "Red and Black" by Stendhal. 7) heroonym - the surname of the literary character or mythological creature Ivan Petrovich adopted as a pseudonym Belkin A.S. Pushkin A.S. Pushkin, composing "Belkin's Tales", reincarnated as Ivan Petrovich Belkin, and this cycle of stories was published by him without specifying his real name. Pasichnik Rudy Panko, P. Glechik N.V. Gogol N.V. Gogol "Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka" signed the Stories published by Pasichnyk Rudy Panko. The chapter "Teacher" from the Little Russian story "The Terrible Boar" was signed - P. Glechik. Gogol was hiding under this pseudonym.

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8) metonym, or paronym - a pseudonym formed by analogy, by the similarity of meaning with a real surname. Chekhov - Chekhonte A.P. Chekhov 9) titlonim - a signature indicating the title or position of the author Arz. and Art. Several of Pushkin's pseudonyms are associated with his lyceum past. This is Arz. and Art. - Arzamas and Old Arzamas respectively (in 1815-1818 Pushkin was a member of the literary circle "Arzamas"). 10) koinonym - a common pseudonym adopted by several authors who write together Kozma Prutkov Alexey Tolstoy, brothers Alexey, Vladimir and Alexander Zhemchuzhnikovs Kozma Petrovich Prutkov is a pseudonym under which poets Alexey Tolstoy, brothers Alexey, performed in the 50-60s of the 19th century. Vladimir and Alexander Zhemchuzhnikov. 11) literary mask - a signature giving deliberately incorrect information about the author, characterizing the fictional person to whom he attributes authorship to Kozma Prutkov Alexey Tolstoy, brothers Alexey, Vladimir and Alexander Zhemchuzhnikov Kozma Petrovich Prutkov - a pseudonym under which they performed in the 50-60s years of the XIX century poets Alexey Tolstoy, brothers Alexey, Vladimir and Alexander Zhemchuzhnikov.

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12) Astronym - a signature consisting of one or more asterisks. *** I. Turgenev, N. Nekrasov, N. Gogol, A. Pushkin 13) tracing paper - a pseudonym formed by translating a real name into another language. M. Lerma M.Yu. Lermontov In his youth M.Yu. Lermontov associated his last name with the Spanish statesman of the early 17th century Francisco Lerma and signs in letters “M. Lerma ". 14) pseudogynyms - female name and surname, adopted by the male author Elsa Moravskaya A.S. Grinevsky, or Green 15) digital name - surname or initials encrypted by replacing letters with numbers. 1) "1 ... 14-16", deciphered as - A ... n-P - Alexander n .... P 2) "1 ... 14-17", i.e. - A ... eg - Alexander 3) "1 ... 16-14", i.e. - A ... P-n - Alexander P .... n 4) "1 ... 17-14", i.e. A ... rn - Alexander ..... n A. Pushkin

We know some writers and poets under an assumed name and surname. Many of them take pseudonyms so that they are not compared with namesakes or famous relatives, in order to simplify their complex name or make it more euphonious and effective.

10. Anna Akhmatova (Anna Andreevna Gorenko)

Anna Gorenko's father was a hereditary nobleman Andrei Gorenko, who once worked as a mechanical engineer in the fleet.

She wrote her first poems after a serious illness, she was then only 11 years old. For several days the girl was delirious, her relatives no longer hoped for her recovery. But when she woke up and regained her strength, she was able to pick up her first rhymes.

She read poetry by French poets and tried to compose poetry herself. But the father did not really like his daughter's hobby. He not only was not interested in her poems, but also spoke dismissively about them.

Realizing that Anna still decided to become a poetess, he forbade her to sign with her real name, because was sure she would disgrace his name. Anna did not argue with him. She decided to choose a pseudonym for herself. Upon learning that the maternal grandmother had a sonorous surname "Akhmatova", she took it.

So the famous Russian poetess chose a Tatar surname for herself, which allegedly went to her ancestors, since they were from the family of the Tatar khan Akhmat.

9. Ilya Ilf (Ilya Arnoldovich Fainzilberg)

The famous author of "12 Chairs" took his pseudonym to make it easier to sign his works.

His daughter said that his real name, Feinsilberg, was too long for a newspaper article. And in order to shorten it, he often signed himself "Ilya F" or "IF", and gradually his pseudonym "Ilf" turned out by itself.

But there is also another version. At birth, he was Yehiel-Leib Arievich Fainzilberg, was born into a Jewish family. And his pseudonym is an abbreviation in accordance with the tradition of Hebrew nominal abbreviations.

He sometimes signed himself with other names as well. So, acting as a literary critic, Ilya called himself Anton Krainy.

8. Evgeny Petrov (Evgeny Petrovich Kataev)

The elder brother of Evgeny Kataev was Valentin Kataev. He was a renowned writer, founder and editor of the Yunost magazine.

Not wanting to enjoy the fame and popularity of his brother, Eugene took a pseudonym. He became Petrov, slightly altering the name of his father, Pyotr Vasilyevich Kataev.

7. Arkady Gaidar (Golikov Arkady Petrovich)

The writer himself never told why he decided to become Gaidar. When asked about this, he usually joked, never explaining anything.

There were several versions of the origin of his name. The most popular was the version of the writer B. Emelyanov. He was sure that the pseudonym came from the Mongolian word "Gaidar", which meant a rider galloping in front.

There is also another version. School friend of the writer A.M. Goldin is sure that the pseudonym is an encrypted message. Since childhood, he was a great inventor, he loved to invent his own codes. "Gaidar" is deciphered as follows: "G" is the first letter of his last name Golikov, "ay" is the first and last letter of the name Arkady, "d" from the French "de", which means "from", and "ar" is the first letters of his hometown. It turns out "Golikov Arkady from Arzamas."

6. Boris Akunin (Grigory Chkhartishvili)

The writer publishes critical and documentary works under his own name. He became Boris Akunin in 1998, after he began to write fiction.

At first, no one knew what the letter “B” in front of his new surname meant. A little later, in an interview, he said that this is the first letter of his name - Boris.

There are several theories as to why he adopted this pseudonym. "Akunin" can be translated from Japanese as "supporter of evil or villain." Someone believes that this pseudonym is associated with the name of the famous anarchist Mikhail Bakunin.

The writer himself explains that his novels are not like his other occupations. Akunin's thought works differently from that of Chkhartishvili, who deals with articles. They are two completely different people, Akunin is an idealist, kind, and believes in God. Besides, you shouldn't write detective stories with such a difficult to pronounce surname.

5.O. Henry (Hive Sydney Porter)

He was once accused of embezzlement and was in a hard labor prison. He had a pharmacist education, so William was allowed to work in the infirmary, as a night pharmacist.

At night, while on duty, he composed his stories. Some of them were released. But the writer did not want his readers to know about his convict past. He was always ashamed of him and afraid of being exposed. Therefore, it was published only under a pseudonym.

It is believed that he became O. Henry, having changed the name of the pharmacist Etienne Osean Henri. This was the author of the reference book, which was also used in the prison pharmacy.

William himself assured that he chose the initial "O" only because it is the simplest letter and it stands for Oliver. And he took the name "Henry" from the newspaper.

4. Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson)

The writer was a famous English mathematician, graduated with honors from Oxford. In order to become a professor and lecture, he had to be ordained according to the charter, which he did when he became a deacon.

After that, it was dangerous for him to sign humorous stories with his own name, since both the church and colleagues could react painfully to his work. In addition, he did not like his own name, it seemed boring and dissonant to him.

Dodgson had a double name, after his father and mother. He translated both parts into Latin, resulting in "Carolus Ludovicus". After that I changed their places and again translated them into English. This is how his pseudonym Lewis Carroll turned out. But he always signed his mathematical works with his real name.

3. Mark Twain (Samuel Langhorn Clemens)

Once an aspiring writer worked as a sailor on the Mississippi River. The safe depth, through which the steamer could pass, was considered a mark of 2 phantoms or 3.6 m. In sailors' slang, this depth was called "twins." The boatmen measured it with a special stick, and, if everything was in order, shouted "by mark twain". The writer liked this combination of words.

2. Daniil Kharms (Daniil Ivanovich Yuvachev)

The writer came up with this pseudonym while still a schoolboy, signing his notebooks with this surname. He later made it his official name.

It is still unknown why he chose such a surname; there are many versions of its origin. But the most common - Harms sounds almost like Holmes, and this was Harms's favorite character. From him, he adopted the manner of dressing and often posed with a pipe in the pictures.

1. Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky (Nikolai Vasilievich Korneichukov)

The writer was illegitimate. His father was Emmanuel Levenson, and his mother was a peasant Yekaterina Korneichuk, who was his servant. Therefore, the boy did not have a middle name.

After he became a writer, he used a pseudonym - Korney Chukovsky, adding a fictitious patronymic to it. And after the revolution, the pseudonym became his name.

Writers, especially beginners, often take on literary pseudonyms, the reasons for this may be very different. And it often happens that these pseudonyms of them "grow together" with the authors so much that many of them replace real names and surnames in real life.

A.P. Chekhov and his pseudonyms

The greatest master of inventing pseudonyms was Chekhov. He had more than forty of them.

And the most famous, which everyone knows about from school, of course, was Antosha Chekhonte. It was under this pseudonym, while still a medical student, that Chekhov sent his first humorous stories to magazines. One of the gymnasium teachers jokingly called the young student Chekhov Antosha Chekhonte.

And it is all the more surprising that out of so many pseudonyms, none of them "caught on". For all Chekhov, he was and remains Chekhov.

Green Alexander - Grinevsky Alexander Stefanovich

At school, the guys called Alexander shortly - "Green!", And one of his childhood nicknames was "Green pancake". Therefore, he chose such a pseudonym for himself, without much hesitation. " I only feel like Green, and it seems strange to me when someone says: Grinevsky. Is it someone stranger to me". Even his third wife received a passport in the name of Nina Green when her last name was changed.

Chukovsky Kornei Ivanovich - Korneichukov Nikolay Vasilievich

The fact that he was illegitimate, in his youth, greatly weighed Chukovsky. And having taken up literary activity, he began to use a pseudonym, which was his surname, divided into two parts: Korneichukov = Korney + Chukov + sky.

Subsequently, without further ado, he came up with a patronymic for him - "Ivanovich". After the revolution, changing his real name, patronymic and surname to a pseudonym, he became Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky also by passport.

Anna Akhmatova - according to the passport Anna Gorenko

After her divorce from Gumilyov, Anna took Akhmatova's surname as a pseudonym. The female branch of her mother descended from the Tatar khan Akhmat. She later recalled: “ Only a seventeen-year-old crazy girl could choose a Tatar surname for a Russian poetess ... That is why it occurred to me to take a pseudonym for myself, that when my dad found out about my poems, he said: "Don't shame my name." - "And I don't need your name!" - I said…»

Ilya Ilf - Ilya Arnoldovich Fainzilberg

There are several versions of the origin of this alias, and one of them is as follows:
In his youth, Ilya Fainzilberg worked as a journalist, wrote articles for newspapers. But his last name did not fit well for a signature - it was too long and difficult to pronounce. Therefore, Ilya often abbreviated it - now "Ilya F", then "IF", then "Falberg". And, in the end, it turned out - "Ilf".

Evgeny Petrov - Evgeny Petrovich Kataev

Eugene was the younger brother of the famous writer Valentin Kataev by that time. Not wanting to enjoy the fruits of his fame, he invented a literary pseudonym for himself, forming it on behalf of his father, that is, from his patronymic. So Evgeny Kataev became Evgeny Petrov.

Arkady Gaidar - Golikov Arkady Petrovich

Arkady Golikov, under his real name, wrote only the first book - "In the days of defeats and victories." All the rest were published under the pseudonym Gaidar, under which he became a well-known writer.
As for the origin of this pseudonym, this is anyone's guess.
Perhaps he came from the Mongolian "Gaidar" - "rider galloping in front".

According to another version, while on duty in Khakassia, Gaidar often had to ask local residents - "haidar"? ("where to go"?). Perhaps this word - "haidar" stuck to him like that.

Daniil Kharms - Daniil Ivanovich Yuvachev

The writer Daniil Yuvachev also invented many pseudonyms for himself (Kharms, Haarms, Dandan, Charms, Karl Ivanovich Shusterling, etc.), signing one of them, then another. Until I finally settled on one thing - Daniil Kharms. However, its meaning is interpreted ambiguously. "Sharm" in French means "charm", while "charm" translated from English means "harm", "suffering". But if we proceed from what Kharms once wrote in his diary: “ Daddy told me yesterday that as long as I'm Harms, I will be haunted by needs", Then the English version is still preferable. The writer adored this pseudonym to such an extent that he even manually added it to his last name in his passport.

In Western literature, there are also many examples when pseudonyms supplanted the real names of the authors:

O. Henry - Hive Sydney Porter
Lewis Carroll - Charles Lutwidge Dodgson
Voltaire - Francois-Marie Arouet
Stendhal - Marie-Henri Baile
Mark Twain - Samuel Langhorn Clemens

The widest distribution of pseudonyms was also found in oriental literature. So, everyone has heard the name of the Japanese poet who lived in the 17th century - Basho.

But this is also a pseudonym, and it means “ banana tree O". At his house, the poet planted a banana tree, which he looked after. The neighbors began to call him - "fable" - an old man living by a banana. His real name - Matsuo Munzfusa - is known to very few people.

And in continuation of the literary theme.