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Homework:

1. Optional creative work: “How Dostoevsky portrays the capital

Russian Empire "; "History of the Marmeladov family".

2. Prepare for the interview:

Reflections of Raskolnikov after visiting the Marmeladov family; reading mother's letter (part 1, ch. 2-4)
To reveal the meaning of Raskolnikov's reasoning after meeting with Marmeladov (from the words: "Ay-yes Sonya ... So be it!")
Think about the questions: What contradictions in Raskolnikov's behavior did you find? How do you explain these contradictions? What conclusions about the character of Raskolnikov do you draw on the basis of actions? Motives for the crime?

"Shocked, unsettled hero" or Raskolnikov among the humiliated and insulted.

Target: To reveal the conflict between the hero and the world, which condemns most people to lawlessness; to introduce students to the world of Raskolnikov's spiritual searches. Equipment: individual cards.

During the classes.

In the course of the conversation, using reading with commentary on episodes, we come to the idea of Raskolnikov's rejection of the world in which a person is humiliated and insulted.

In his opening remarks, the teacher talks about Raskolnikov, about his state of mind and financial situation at the beginning of the novel. The heroes are painfully thinking about the question of "the existence of an arshin of the earth." He is out, not wanting to "accept fate as it is." For Raskolnikov, this means giving up life, from the natural right to love, from action. An excerpt is analyzed: “The heat was terrible in the street ... At that very moment he himself realized that his thoughts sometimes got in the way and that he was very weak: for the second day, as he had eaten almost nothing. He was so badly dressed that another, even a familiar person, was ashamed to go out into the street in such rags during the day. "

Analysis leads to conclusions:

The hero does not accept "the face of this world"; such a life evokes in him
a feeling of disgust and vicious contempt for the pillars of society.
The hero is in a state of acute nervous excitement, he is spiritually and physically depressed.
Raskolnikov is tormented not by poverty and need, but by attempts to solve
some important question. Which one?

- Why did Raskolnikov leave his closet?

He was not far away, exactly seven hundred and thirty steps. Is he going to make a "test" of the "enterprise", thoughts about which arose a month and a half ago? Remember the conversation between a student and an officer in a tavern.

- What is the reason for the appearance of the hero's "ugly" dream?

The idea of killing an old woman was born of "an unjust, cruel organization of society and a desire to help people." Having emerged a month and a half ago, the idea of murder has penetrated deeply v the soul of Raskolnikov. Hero Consciousness v captive to this idea. "He went deep into himself and retired from everyone that he was afraid even of any meeting ..." it was decided this month, as clear as day, just as arithmetic ", but he" still did not believe himself. "

- What did the heroes doubt about?

In Raskolnikov's soul there is a struggle between the thought of murder and moral consciousness, the understanding of the inhumanity of this thought. All this brings terrible torment .

- Read the thoughts of Raskolnikov as he goes to the old woman, the percent, in the tavern, after sleep.

“Well, why am I going now? Am I capable of this? " When he leaves her: “Oh my God! How disgusting it is! ... And really such horror could come to me v head? However, my heart is capable of every dirt! The main thing: dirty, filthy, disgusting, disgusting! " In the tavern: "All this is nonsense ... and there was nothing to be embarrassed about!" After a dream about a hammered nag: “But really, really, I really will take an ax, I will start hitting on the head, ... Lord, really? No, I can’t bear it! Let, even if there is no doubt in all these calculations, be it all , what is decided in this month is clear as day, just as arithmetic. God! After all, I still won't make up my mind! I can't stand it, I can't stand it! " We see what in the soul of Raskolnikov, obsessed with an idea and doubting it, a painful discord.

- Review Raskolnikov's reflections after visiting family
Marmeladovs and reading a letter to his mother (part 1, chap. 2 - 4). These episodes
talk about the contradictory character of the hero. What contradictions are you
can you name? What can you say about the character of the hero based on this?

V Raskolnikov combines two extremes: on the one hand, sensitivity , responsiveness, pain for a person, a very direct and acute reaction to injustice and evil reigning in the world, on the other - coldness, condemnation of one's sensitivity, indifference and even cruelty. The abrupt change in mood, the transition from good to evil, is striking.

What caused these contradictions, the struggle of two principles in Raskolnikov's soul?

(a monologue about the Marmeladov family: “What a well, however, they managed to dig it, and are using it! ... A scoundrel man gets used to everything!”; a monologue after meeting a drunk girl on the boulevard: “Poor girl! ...- it says: percentage, therefore, there is nothing to worry about ”; letter to the mother).

We see that Raskolnikov's thought goes from a particular fact to broad generalizations. Living pain for a person stumbles upon cold thoughts: "... this is how it should be!" In Raskolnikov there is an internal struggle, he denies the world in which a person has nowhere else to go, but at that time he is ready to justify this life. The consciousness of the hero develops, as it were: he argues with himself all the time. Raskolnikov is a thinker, the life of the people around him causes deep reflections in him, he struggles to solve universal human moral issues. Soon the hero learns from his mother's letter about the sacrifice of his sister. And again the thought of killing the old woman comes. But now it is no longer a dream, not a "toy" - life reinforces a long-ripened decision in his mind.

The novel unfolds quickly. From visiting the old woman for the purpose of "testing" to the appearance of Raskolnikov with a confession, 14 days pass, of which nine and a half are shown in action, the events of the remaining days are only mentioned.

History of the crime and punishment of Rodion Raskolnikov (day back): First day: Part I, Ch. 1-2; Second day: part 1, ch. 3-5; Third day: part 1, ch. 6-7; Fourth day: part 2, ch. 1-2; Eighth day: part 2, ch. 3-7, h. 3, ch. one; Day 9: Part 3, Ch. 2-6, part 4, ch. 1-4; Tenth day: part 4, ch. 5-6; Thirteenth day: part 4, ch. 1-6; Fourteenth day: part 4, ch. 7-8; A year and a half later - the epilogue.

The novel takes two weeks, but its backstory is longer. Six months before the murder, Raskolnikov wrote an article on the right of a "strong man" to break the law. Three and a half months have passed - and for the first time Raskolnikov goes To The usurer to lay the ring. On the way from the old woman, he walks into a tavern, orders tea, and thinks about it. And suddenly he hears at the next table a conversation between a student and an officer - about the old woman-usurer and about the "right" to murder. Two weeks later, Raskolnikov's decision is ripe: Kill the old woman. A month was spent on preparation, then - the murder. - Conclusion on the topic of the lesson:

What thoughts and feelings are born in the soul of Raskolnikov when he is faced with the world of poor people? Do the circumstances surrounding the hero confirm his idea that the murder he planned is not a crime?

Answer the questions:

a. What is the main reason for Raskolnikov's crime?

b. What is the leading motive for the murder that Raskolnikov calls Sonya? What is your opinion on this issue? What is the author's point of view?

Raskolnikov's crime.

Target: show what kind of power a "theory" can have over a person, how. man is responsible for this idea, which he is guided by, to bring to Dostoevsky's conclusion about the terrible danger that the realization of individual ideas and theories conceals for mankind.

During the classes.

I. Activities: conversation, retelling of episodes, commenting on them.

Name, what conclusions of Raskolnikov lead him to justify "blood according to conscience"?
In the last lesson, we came to the conclusion that Raskolnikov's consciousness and will were enslaved by an idea. The murder of the old woman is intended as a test of life
theory in practice. The hero does not want anything for himself personally, but he cannot
come to terms with social injustice. Good and evil are fighting in his soul.

And soon the idea of solving the crime wins the hero's good feelings. Let's pay attention to the fact that all the final decisions of the hero have a strange property: “They had one strange property: the more final they became, the uglier, more absurd they immediately became in his eyes. Despite all his painful inner struggle, he never for a single moment could believe in the feasibility of his plans, during all this time ... But meanwhile, it would seem. The whole analysis, in the sense of the moral solution of the question, was already completed by him: his casuistry had been sharpened like a razor, and he no longer found conscious expressions in himself. But in the latter case, he simply did not believe himself and stubbornly, slavishly sought objections on the sides and groping, as if someone forced him and pulled him to that. "

- Find and read the lines as the “final” decision was made (part, chapter 5).

“The last day, which so accidentally came and decided everything at once, had an effect on him, almost mechanically: as if someone took him by the hand and pulled him behind him, irresistibly, blindly, with unnatural force, without objection. As if he had hit a piece of clothing in the wheel of a car, and it began to be pulled into it ”(part 1, chapter 6).

Thus, we see that Raskolnikov goes to the crime, like a person who has lost all domination over himself. He became so accustomed to his theory that, despite doubts, he succumbed to the temptation of its practical implementation. Dostoevsky asserts: not only feelings and passions can rule over the souls of people, but also abstract theories; they have the ability inflame the soul of a person, enslave his consciousness and will.

. Tell us how the hero was theoretically thought out for his practicalstep?

The steps from Raskolnikov's closet to the old woman's apartment were counted, the neighbors were studied, a "test" was made, during which the hero remembered the location of the rooms and spied where the old woman was hiding the money. The idea of the justice of killing is logically irrefutable.

- Can we say that during the crime of Raskolnikovacted coolly and collected?

Dostoevsky constantly draws our attention on the spontaneity of the crime. Going to a crime, Raskolnikov cannot concentrate, he is distracted by extraneous considerations. His behavior at the door of the old woman-pawnbroker's apartment is also absurd (“he almost pulled her, along with the door, onto the stairs”). Spontaneity in the murder itself ("... took out an ax ..., waved it with both hands, barely feeling himself, ... almost mechanically lowered it with his butt"). A number of incidents emphasize the spontaneity of actions, the confusion of the hero (an incident with an ax that was not prepared in advance ; the incident with the hat, which Raskolnikov forgot to change to a cap; incident with time - the clock was already ten minutes past seven). For a moment, the hero wanted to drop everything and leave. Then it seemed to him that the old woman came to life, and he returns to the room and notices a purse on the old woman's neck; fiddles with the keys for a long time, forgetting about the observations on the "trial". At this moment, Lizaveta returns home - one of those defenseless creatures, for the sake of which the hero allowed "blood according to his conscience." Killing Lizaveta, Raskolnikov, contrary to calculations, turns not into a benefactor, but into an enemy of weak people. So Dostoevsky, showing the discrepancy between theoretical solutions and practice, emphasizes that it is impossible to "calculate life" by theory, life is complex "arithmetically."

We see what dire consequences can have for an individual (the "idea" led the hero to a split with others and with himself) and for society, ideas like Raskolnikov's. Investigator Porfiry Petrovich would later tell Raskolnikov: “It's still good that you just killed the old woman. And if you had invented another theory, you would have done it a hundred million times more ugly! "

A lot of troubles, bloodsheds brought to the world different theories, which were brought to life by people who were not only obsessed with the idea, but also had real Power over the fate of people.

II. Anchoring. Answer the question in writing:

Why does Raskolnikov, despite doubts, commit murder?

What convinces us of the hero's behavior during the murder?
Homework:

1st row: Retelling of episodes about Luzhin:

Part 1, Ch. 3 (what Raskolnikov learned about Luzhin from a letter to his mother);
Part 2, Ch. 5 (1st meeting of Luzhin with Raskolnikov)
Part 4, Ch. 2-3 (Luzhin's meeting with Dunya in St. Petersburg)
h. 5, ch. 1.3 (Luzhin after breaking up with Dunya, scene at the commemoration).

"He lied incomparably, but he could not calculate the nature."

Target: find out what prevented Raskolnikov according to his theory, why the hero confessed to the murder.

During the classes.

I. Introductory speech of the teacher.

In the previous lessons, we came to the conclusion that Raskolnikov was carried away by the ideal of a strong personality standing above the faceless mass of "trembling creatures", he has a passionate desire to join the ranks of the "mighty of the world", but by a crime Raskolnikov put himself in such a position that to join the world people living according to his theory (Luzhin, Svidrigailov), he cannot.

- What prevented Raskolnikov from living according to the theory created by him?Does Raskolnikov repent of the crime?

(Raskolnikov's conversation with Dunya before he goes to "betray himself": "Crime? What crime?" . They themselves harass a million people, and they even regard them for virtue ... "

Reflections of the hero in hard labor: "My conscience is calm." The words of the author: "Oh, how happy he would be if he could blame himself ..."

And after the crime, Raskolnikov does not plead guilty, continues to believe in his theory, which justifies "blood according to conscience." The official court and legal punishment did not decide anything in his fate: he does not repent of his crime.)

- Does he feel in the position of "strong"? No. And not at all because of that he was disappointed in his theory, that he repented of the crime, that he realized his guilt. What is the real reason? What does Raskolnikov reproach himself for?

(Epilogue: "Well, what my the act seems so ugly to them? - ... here in how confessed his crime to one thing: only that he could not bear it and made an appearance With guilty ".

His reflections after meeting with the bourgeois: about "the real ruler, to whom everything is permitted ... Obey the trembling creature - and do not wish, therefore, it is not your business." So, we are convinced that Raskolnikov was not disappointed in the idea, but suffers from the fact that he could not bear the idea that inspired him to commit a crime, and made a “confession”. The hero is ashamed of his humanity. The knowledge that he is a "louse", like everyone else, and not a chosen person, makes him suffer deeply.) I

- The central episodes of the novel, revealing the hero's struggle with his "nature", capable of compassion and sensitive to the misfortunes of people, are the meetings of Raskolnikov with Porfiry Petrovich. Tell about the first meeting of Raskolnikov with the investigator (reasons, behavior, you waters).

("Idea" continues to affect Raskolnikov's mind. After the murders, "he, by all means, wants to defeat his" painfully irritated nature ", overcome the feeling of criminality, prove to himself that he is not a" trembling creature. " Raskolnikov is sent to “prove” to the investigator Porfiry Petrovich. Paying attention to the falsity of Raskolnikov’s behavior with Razumikhin, to his thoughts when he thinks about the upcoming conversation with the investigator: “This also needs to sing Lazarus ... Raskolnikov is experiencing the feeling of a trap. He is surrounded by people, so his silence will be unnatural. And Raskolnikov is trying to "sing more naturally."

(The living soul, human nature in the hero resists the idea of the right of a strong personality, but also with oneself.)

During the classes.

In the course of the conversation, using reading with commentary on episodes, we come to the idea of Raskolnikov's rejection of the world in which a person is humiliated and insulted.

Analysis leads to conclusions:

The hero does not accept "the face of this world"; such a life evokes in him
a feeling of disgust and vicious contempt for the pillars of society.
The hero is in a state of acute nervous excitement, he is spiritually and physically depressed.
Raskolnikov is tormented not by poverty and need, but by attempts to solve
some important question. Which one?

- Why did Raskolnikov leave his closet?

- What is the reason for the appearance of the hero's "ugly" dream?

- What did the heroes doubt about?

In Raskolnikov's soul there is a struggle between the thought of murder and moral consciousness, the understanding of the inhumanity of this thought. All this brings terrible torment .

- Read the thoughts of Raskolnikov as he goes to the old woman, the percent, in the tavern, after sleep.

What caused these contradictions, the struggle of two principles in Raskolnikov's soul?

Answer the questions:

a. What is the main reason for Raskolnikov's crime?

B. What motive for the murder of those that Raskolnikov calls Sonya is the leading one? What is your opinion on this issue? What is the author's point of view?

Raskolnikov's crime.

During the classes.

I. Activities: conversation, retelling of episodes, commenting on them.

Name, what conclusions of Raskolnikov lead him to justify "blood according to conscience"?
In the last lesson, we came to the conclusion that Raskolnikov's consciousness and will were enslaved by an idea. The murder of the old woman is intended as a test of life
theory in practice. The hero does not want anything for himself personally, but he cannot
come to terms with social injustice. Good and evil are fighting in his soul.

- Find and read the lines as the “final” decision was made (part, chapter 5).

. Tell us how the hero was theoretically thought out for his practicalstep?

- Can we say that during the crime of Raskolnikovacted coolly and collected?

A lot of troubles, bloodsheds brought to the world different theories, which were brought to life by people who were not only obsessed with the idea, but also had real Power over the fate of people.

II. Anchoring. Answer the question in writing:

Why does Raskolnikov, despite doubts, commit murder?

What convinces us of the hero's behavior during the murder?
Homework:

1st row: Retelling of episodes about Luzhin:

Part 1, Ch. 3 (what Raskolnikov learned about Luzhin from a letter to his mother);
Part 2, Ch. 5 (1st meeting of Luzhin with Raskolnikov)
Part 4, Ch. 2-3 (Luzhin's meeting with Dunya in St. Petersburg)
h. 5, ch. 1.3 (Luzhin after breaking up with Dunya, scene at the commemoration).

"He lied incomparably, but he could not calculate the nature."

Target: find out what prevented Raskolnikov according to his theory, why the hero confessed to the murder.

During the classes.

I. Introductory speech of the teacher.

- What prevented Raskolnikov from living according to the theory created by him?Does Raskolnikov repent of the crime?

(Raskolnikov's conversation with Dunya before he goes to "betray himself": "Crime? What crime?" . They themselves harass a million people, and they even regard them for virtue ... "

Reflections of the hero in hard labor: "My conscience is calm." The words of the author: "Oh, how happy he would be if he could blame himself ..."

(Epilogue: "Well, what my the act seems so ugly to them? - ... here in how confessed his crime to one thing: only that he could not bear it and made an appearance With guilty ".

(The living soul, human nature in the hero resists the idea of the right of a strong personality, but also with oneself.)

Raskolnikov goes to the second fight with Porfiry Petrovich,
pursuing a single goal: “... at least this time, by all means
conquer your irritated nature. " Tell about the second meeting with the investigator, make a conclusion.
The third meeting (part 4, chapter 2). Why does Raskolnikov demand that
Porfiry Petrovich interrogated him by all means "according to the form".

(Raskolnikov wants to defeat not only the investigator, but also himself, the feeling of crime in himself. He relies on intelligence, logic, “arithmetic” in this struggle. The logic of Raskolnikov's thought is strong, “his casuistry has been sharpened like a razor.” and the investigator Raskolnikov wants, relying precisely on his system of views. That is why he requires interrogation "in form"),

- Read the episode where Porfiry Petrovich explains Raskolnikowoo why "the criminal doesn't run away." (“What is: run away! ... Look in
admire him, that's what, sir! "). Analyze it.

(The investigator's reasoning convinces us that he has figured out the character of Raskolnikov. Porfiry Petrovich does not want to interrogate "in form", realizing that it is impossible to catch Raskolnikov with the help of interrogation "in form." in form "- chatter, cunning and calculating, aiming to take Raskolnikov out of internal equilibrium, to alarm him. The investigator is playing a subtle game. And Raskolnikov, for whom" it is clear as day, just as arithmetic, "that the murder he committed was" not a crime ", when all the evidence of the committed crime has been destroyed, in a dispute with Porfiry Petrovich," spoken out ".)

- So, what prevented Raskolnikov from living according to his theory, why
the hero "made a confession"? Why Porfiry Petrovich says:
"He lied incomparably, but he could not count on nature"?

(Raskolnikov is disappointed in himself, and not in his theory, he still believes in his "idea" that justifies "blood according to conscience", does not recognize myself guilty before the laws of this world and does not repent of a crime. The hero despises himself for the fact that he could not bear his crime and made a confession, suffers from the consciousness that he cannot classify himself as “having the right”, that he is a “louse,” like everyone else.

Raskolnikov's cold thought ("arithmetic", "dialectics") collided with his "nature", capable of compassion, sensitive to the misfortunes of people, to overcome the feeling of criminality in himself, to defeat "nature" Raskolnikov could not. Human nature, his nature does not withstand the painful feeling of Crime, he talks all the time, betrays himself. The novel affirms the idea that it is unnatural to transgress the principle of humanity. In the internal struggle of Raskolnikov, "nature" prevails, and he has no choice but to "make a turnout With guilty "),

- Let's trace this struggle through the text of the novel. What sensations arose
at Raskolnikov's on the first day after the murder? (part 2, chap. 1-2)

(Raskolnikov feels a sense of separation from people, alienation from them. Raskolnikov is convinced that his former, ordinary position in life is inevitably lost).

- Tell us about the meeting of Rodion Raskolnikov with his family (part 3, chapter 3).
What Raskolnikov felt and understood with particular strength when he met
mother and sister? Pay attention to the author's remarks accompanying Raskolnikov's statements in a conversation.

(With the help of the remarks, we feel behind Raskolnikov's words his state of mind, which contradicts his words. The hero is worried, experiencing irritation, annoyance, embarrassment, the word suddenly conveys a rapid change in Raskolnikov's feelings and thoughts. - torture, he is convinced that after the murder he committed, sincere relations with relatives are impossible, this is how Raskolnikov's break with his mother and sister goes.)

- Dostoevsky claims that Raskolnikov confessed to the murder
because he could not stand the "painful sensation" of separation from
people. Prove with the text of the novel: talk about behavior and actions
the hero on the first day after the illness (part 2, chap. 6-7). What desire arose from
him when he came to his senses?

(The desire to run. He did not know and did not think about where to go, "he knew one thing, that all this must be finished today, at one time ..." talk to passers-by, climbs into the top of men ... looking for communication with people, but no one pays attention to him.

As soon as Raskolnikov finds the lost connection with people, in his soul there is a feeling of "suddenly surging full and powerful life." This happens when he helps to carry the dying Marmeladov home, helps his family.

The feeling of criminality disappears, faith in life appears. It seemed to Raskolnikov that he too “could live ... that his life did not die together with ; old old woman. " But the subsequent meeting with his mother and Dunya soon convinced him that after the crime, the former open feelings and relationships are no longer possible. Remember, Raskolnikov will go to Sonya before confessing, and will say to himself: “No, I needed her tears ... necessary it was ... to look at a person. " So, the strongest feeling of Raskolnikov is longing for a person, a desire to find a lost connection with people, the most terrible punishment is a feeling of alienation from people.)

- Dostoevsky himself, in a letter to M.N. wrote that Raskolnikov
contrary to convictions, he was forced to “although die in hard labor, butwhine again to people; the feeling of being disconnected and disconnected from humanity ... tortured him. "

(So, Raskolnikov cannot withstand separation from people and confesses to a crime. Dostoevsky's humanistic thought: the most terrible punishment for a person is loneliness, a person can be happy only with people. The wolf laws of society, which give rise to individualistic ideas and theories, are contrary to human nature and humanity) ...

II... Miniature"Why is Rodion Raskolnikov suffering and tormented after the crime?"

Homework:

Retelling and analysis of episodes: Rodion's first visit to Sonya (p.
4, ch. 4); Second visit to Sonya (part 5, chapter 4); the life of the Marmeladov family (part 1, chapter 2).
Answer the questions:

What is Sonya's "truth"?
What seemed "strange" to Raskolnikov at Sonya and why?

Prove that the author claims the "truth" of Sonya Marmeladova.

"Raskolnikov does not experience any remorse, and not at all torment
consciences force him to confess to a crime.<...>You reread "crime and punishment" - and you wonder how you could earlier, reading one, understand something completely different, how could you see in the novel a worn-out "idea" that
the crime awakens the conscience in a person and in the throes of conscience bears the criminal
capital punishment ". V.V. Veresaev. Live life. 1910. :

What made Raskolnikov confess? How resolved
in the epilogue, the struggle of two principles in the self-consciousness of Raskolnikov? Is his resurrection convincing in the epilogue?
Do you agree with the opinion that Dostoevsky's novel is not due to
how "a crime awakens a man's conscience"? What is Dostoevsky's novel about?

Card number 2.

“Three meetings of Porfiry with Raskolnikov are not at all ordinary investigative interrogations; and not because they are "out of shape", but because they violate the very foundations of the traditional type of relationship between an investigator and a criminal. All three meetings are genuine and wonderful polyphonic dialogues "(MM Bakhtin)

[They] “are like a complete tragedy with three actions according to a strictly executed plot development plan. The first meeting outlines the nature and theme of the struggle, as well as the main characters of the tragedy. The second meeting - the intrigue reaches its highest point and tension: Raskolnikov, who had fallen into despondency, again perked up after the unexpected recognition of Nikolai and a visit to the "bourgeoisie". It concludes with a bold statement by Raskolnikov: "Now we will still fight." The third action - the meeting of opponents in Raskolnikov's room - ends with an unexpected disaster:<...>with a serious and anxious face "Porfiry presents to Raskolnikov all the benefits of voluntary repentance." (K.K. Istomin)

Based on the above statements, explain the development
actions in these three scenes, reveal the motives of the behavior of the criminal and the investigator. What is the role of these scenes in the novel?

The Marmeladov family. "Truth" by Sonya Marmeladova.

Target: show what the writer sees as the source of the renewal of life, how he decides what to do to change the existing world order; Watch scenes in which the writer's protest against the inhumanity of society is heard.

Epigraph to the lesson:

Finding Christ- means to find your own soul

F.M. Dostoevsky

During the classes.

I. Conversation:

Tell the story of the life of the Marmeladov family; conclude in
than you see the reason for the plight of the Marmeladovs to their surroundings.
/ Kenya (part 1, ch. 2).
Historian) we learn the life of Sonya Marmeladova together with R. Raskolnykovy. Describe the price of Raskolnikov's first visit to Sonya (goal forvisits; Part 4, Ch. 4). Pay attention to the numbers: Sonya gives to Katherine
Ivanovna 30 rubles, for a hangover father - the last 30 cents, and what is
was the selling price of Jesus Christ by Judas? Are these numbers random at Dostoevsky?

(The motivation for the first visit to Sonya by Raskolnikov: "Let's go together., You also transgressed ... you could transgress. You laid hands on yourself, you ruined your life ... your own." At first Raskolnikov does not notice the difference between his and Sonya's crime. But then talking to her, I was convinced what this is not true. “Yes, and Sonya was scary to him. Sonya represented an inexorable sentence, a decision without change. Here - either her road, or his. ")

- What is Sonya's "truth", but what principles does she live by? In the name of
what has the heroine "transgressed"?

(“... and then he fully understood what these poor little orphans meant to her, and this pathetic, half-crazy Katerina Ivanovna.” Sonya “stepped over” to save her brother and sisters from starvation, a sick stepmother and a drunkard - father. In the name of love for them she is ready to endure any suffering. This is a person with a sensitive soul, endowed with the gift of infinite compassion To people.)

- Life is hard both for Sonya and for Raskolnikov. But how was it perceivedDo these heroes take it?

(Raskolnikov protests, he does not want to accept life as it is. The theory pushes him on the path of violence against others. Sonya takes a different path. She resigns herself and suffers. Her life is built according to the laws of self-sacrifice. In shame and humiliation, she retained a sensitive and a responsive soul. In the name of love for people, she chooses the path of violence against herself, in order to save others she goes to humiliation and shame. This is one of the ways, according to Dostoevsky, of solving the problem of the renewal of the world.)

- What seemed strange to Raskolnikov at Sonya, why?
(It seems strange to Raskolnikov that Sonya and Lizaveta were friends, Sonya has Lizaveta's New Testament, a cross, an expression on her face in an extreme situation, their relationship is based on humanity and philanthropy, respect and mutual compassion.)

- Is Sonya always meek and quiet in conversation with Raskolnikov?

(When it comes to the principles of Sonya's life - her faith in God - before us is not a quiet, submissive Sonya, but a decisive, angry, strong, confident. Dostoevsky wants to convince us that it was the Christian religion that helped Sonya keep a pure soul, only faith in. God gives her strength. Raskolnikov lives by reason, Sonya is guided by her heart and religious faith.)

- So what is the main thing in Sonya's behavior?

(Sonya is not indignant, does not protest, a humbles and suffers. The moral essence of the life of the people, according to Dostoevsky, is in humility and the ability to compassion. Sonya Raskolnikov offers to redeem her guilt by suffering, answering his question "what to do?" Dostoevsky wrote in one of his notebooks: “There is no happiness in comfort, happiness is bought by suffering. A person is not born for happiness, a person deserves his own happiness, and always by suffering. ")

- Prove that the writer claims the "truth" of Sonia Mar in the novelMeladova.

(At the end of the novel, the hero takes the path of Sonya: "... he would not have solved anything now consciously; he only felt ...")

- How did it come about?

(1. At the first meeting, Raskolnikov succumbs to the charm of Sonya's philanthropy, bows to human suffering in her face: "... falling to the floor, kissed her leg ...: I bowed not to you, I bowed to all human suffering";

Sonia's religiousness affects him, and he asks her to read the legend of
the resurrection of Lazarus. The miracle of resurrection is now awaiting Raskolnikov from Sonya;
On Sennaya Square, when he recalls Sonya's advice, he has a feeling of fullness of life: “... all at once in him softened, and
tears ... he knelt in the middle of the square, bowed to the ground and kissed
this dirty land with pleasure and happiness. " So, asserting the "truth" So
nor, Dostoevsky wants to convince us that the source of the renewal of the world is not in the struggle
and protest. The writer saw the destruction of evil not in the reconstruction of society, but in
moral improvement of the personality.)

So, the comparison of the two "truths" - Raskolnikov and Sonya - makes us think about the actual problems today: what to do to change the world (protest or humility, compassion)? What is the moral standard of human behavior in society? How to be guided in life - by reason or by faith? How much does the environment, the moral responsibility of a person for their actions, behavior affect the fate of a person?

P. Miniature“Where is Dostoevsky right and what is wrong, opposing Raskolnikov’s“ truth ”to Sonechka Marmeladova’s“ truth ”?

Homework:

Reread episodes: "Raskolnikov's third meeting with the investigator"
(part 4, chapter 2); surrender (part 4, ch. 8); epilogue, Raskolnikov's dream.
Creative work. "Letter to the Hero" (Raskolnikov or S. Marmeladova) Requirements: preservation of the peculiarities of the genre, writing; Contents: letter from the 19th century. Talk to the hero, what do you accept in his views and life principles, what you reject, what you could thank, what you would like to advise ...
Individual task: concise generalization of the character of R. Raskolnikov, as seen by the hero.

Appendix to the lesson - cards for independent work. Card number 1.

Reread chapter IV of part four, chapter IV of part five, chapter VIII of part six, depicting Raskolnikov's three meetings with Sonya Marmeladova. For the first time on the pages of the novel, Sonya appears before us in Marmeladov's story, then in the scene of Marmeladov's death and, finally, in Raskolnikov's closet.

What the writer emphasizes in her appearance, depicting Sonya in
these scenes? Why?

1. For what purpose does Raskolnikov come to Sonya for the first time? Why does he speak to her in a ruthless tone? Why does he ask her questions that Sonya cannot answer?

Why does Lizaveta's name pop up during a conversation with Sonya? What role does the old leather-bound Bible play in this scene? Why, when reading the Bible, Raskolnikov chooses an episode of the resurrection of Lazarus? What feelings are struggling at the moment in Raskolnikov's soul? What arguments of the "extraordinary person" are refuted by the "weak" Sonya?

Card number 2.

For what purpose does Raskolnikov come to sleepyhead's closet in the second
once? After what events? What has changed during this time? What has changed in the mood of Raskolnikov and in his intentions?
Why, before confessing to Sonya, Raskolnikov suggested to her
solve the dilemma? Why does he confess to Sonya in the murder?
Talking with Sonya, what reason does Raskolnikov name among the main ones who pushed him to murder? Why? Can Sonya understand him? Why does Raskolnikov not immediately accept Sonya's advice?

The novel by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment is one of the most complex works of Russian literature, in which the author told about the story of the death of the soul of the protagonist after he committed a crime, about Rodion Raskolnikov's alienation from the whole world, from the people closest to him, his mother, sister, friend Dostoevsky rightly asserts that it is possible to return to this world, again to become a full member of society, only by resisting misanthropic ideas, purified by suffering.
Thoughtfully reading the novel, one involuntarily realizes how deeply the author penetrated into the souls and hearts of his heroes, how he comprehended the human character, with what genius he told about the moral upheavals of the protagonist.

The central figure in the novel is, of course, Rodion Raskolnikov. But there are many other characters in Crime and Punishment. These are Razumikhin, Avdotya Romanovna and Pulcheria Alexandrovna, Raskolnikovs, Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin, Arkady Ivanovich Svidrigailov, Marmeladovs.

The Marmeladov family plays a special role in the novel. After all, it is Sonechka Marmeladova, her faith and selfless love that Raskolnikov owes his spiritual rebirth. Her great love, suffering, but a pure soul, capable of seeing a person even in a killer, empathizing with him, tormenting with him, saved Raskolnikov. Yes, Sonya is a "harlot," as Dostoevsky writes about her, but she was forced to sell herself in order to save her stepmother's children from starvation. Even in her terrible situation, Sonya managed to remain human, drunkenness and debauchery did not affect her. But in front of her there was a vivid example of a father who had descended, completely crushed by poverty and his own powerlessness to change something in life. Sonya's patience and her vitality stem largely from her faith. She believes in God, in justice with all her heart, without going into complicated philosophical reasoning, she believes blindly, recklessly. And what else can an eighteen-year-old girl believe in, whose entire education is "several, books of romantic content," seeing around her only drunken quarrels, squabbles, illness, debauchery and human grief?

Dostoevsky contrasts Sonia's humility to Raskolnikov's rebellion. Subsequently, Rodion Raskolnikov, not accepting Sonya's religiosity with his mind, with his heart decides to live by her convictions. But if the image of Sonya appears to us throughout the entire novel, then we see her father, Semyon Zakharych and stepmother Katerina Ivanovna with her three young children only in a few episodes. But these few episodes are extraordinarily significant.

The first meeting of Semyon Zakharych Marmeladov and Rodion Raskolnikov occurs at the very beginning of the novel, exactly when Raskolnikov decides to murder, but has not yet fully believed in his "Napoleonic" theory. Rodion is in some kind of feverish state: the world around him exists, but as if in unreality: he sees and hears almost nothing. The brain drills only one question: "To be or not to be?" For Raskolnikov, Marmeladov is just a drunken regular at the pub. But, at first inattentively listening to Marmeladov's monologue, Raskolnikov soon imbued with the narrator with curiosity, and then sympathy. This dirty, retired official who has lost all human dignity, robbing his own wife and asking his prostitute daughter for money for a hangover, somehow touches Raskolnikov, he is remembered by him.

In Semyon Zakharych, through his repulsive appearance, something human still peeps through. One feels that his conscience torments him, that his present situation is painful and disgusting to him. He does not blame his wife for the fact that, perhaps, she herself did not want to ("this was not said in her sane mind, but with agitated feelings, with illness and with the cry of children who did not eat, and it was said more for the sake of insult than in the exact sense ... "), pushed Sonya into the street. The daughter of Marmeladov generally considers a saint. Semyon Zakharych repents of his "weakness", it is hard for him to see hungry children and consumptive Katerina Ivanovna, in his passion he shouts: "... I am a born cattle!" Marmeladov is a weak, weak-willed person, but, in my opinion, he is better and more honest than those who laughed at him in the tavern. Semyon Zakharych is able to acutely feel the pain of others and injustice. His soul did not become stale, did not become, in spite of everything, deaf to the suffering of people. Marmeladov loves his wife and her young children. Especially touching are the words of Katerina Ivanovna at the commemoration of Marmeladov that after his death a mint cockerel was found in her husband's pocket.

Marmeladov, perhaps, is ridiculous and pathetic with his plea for forgiveness, but he is sincere in her, and this unfortunate man does not need so much: all that is needed is to be listened to without mockery and at least try to understand.

Sonya was able to understand the murderer-Raskolnikov, which means that Marmeladov deserves, if for excuses, then at least compassion. Katerina Ivanovna is a completely different person. She is of noble birth, from a ruined noble family, so it is many times harder for her than for her stepdaughter and husband. It's not even about everyday difficulties, but the fact that Katerina Ivanovna has no outlet in life, like Sonya and Semyon Zakharych. Sonya finds solace in prayers, in the Bible, and her father is forgotten at least for a while in a tavern. Katerina Ivanovna is passionate, impudent, rebellious and impatient by nature. The environment seems to be a real hell to her, and the human meanness, which she encounters at every step, hurts her painfully. Katerina Ivanovna does not know how to endure and be silent, like Sonya. A strongly developed sense of justice in her prompts her to take decisive action, which leads to a misunderstanding of her behavior by others.

The term "Petersburg of Dostoevsky" is widely known. In "Crime and Punishment" "Petersburg of Dostoevsky" these are entertainment establishments, taverns, drunken women-suicides, meanness, anger and cruelty of most people, petty quarrels, horrifying external conditions of life: "dust, brick and lime, the stench from shops and pubs. .. ", rooms" coffins "in dilapidated houses.

Raskolnikov. F.M. By contrasting the characters of the Marmeladovs and Luzhin, Raskolnikov and Razumikhin, Svidrigailov and Dunechka Raskolnikova, Dostoevsky emphasizes the contrasts of contemporary reality with its social inequality, oppression of some and wealth, permissiveness of others. And, perhaps, the most important thing is that in the depiction of the Marmeladov family, the reader clearly sees Dostoevsky as a humanist with his love for "little people" and his desire to understand the soul of even the most terrible criminal.
"Crime and Punishment" is a novel about a crime, but it cannot be classified as a "criminal, detective" genre, it is called a confession novel, a tragedy novel, one of the greatest philosophical and psychological novels. In a novel for
the reader has no mystery about who the killer is, the plot develops around the other: the narrative is structured in such a way that throughout its entire length we intensely follow every movement of Raskolnikov's inflamed thought, the lonely wanderings of his soul,
behind a feverish change of decisions and contradictory actions.

Other characters in the novel are depicted in such a way that, without losing great independent significance, they, each in their own way, "explained" the drama that unfolds in Raskolnikov's mind between thoughts and soul.
“... Raskolnikov is the only hero of the book. All the rest are projections of his soul. This is where the phenomenon of doubles finds an explanation. Each character, down to bystanders, up to the horse from Raskolnikov's dream, beaten to death, reflects a part of his personality "(P. Weil, A. Genis." The Last Judgment ").

Razumikhin, Svidrigailov, Luzhin, Marmeladov, Sonya, Porfiry Petrovich become for Raskolnikov, as it were, an embodied resolution of his own question, “a resolution that does not agree with the one that he himself came to, therefore each
touches him for a living and gets a solid role in his inner speech. "Thus, Raskolnikov becomes the spiritual and ideological center of the novel.

Page 1 ]

Ch.Aitmatov
HOMEWORK.

Until 11.05.15 16.00 create a class collection: presentation, drawing, test or other (optional)

What doubted the hero?
Read the thoughts of Raskolnikov as he goes to the old woman-centre, in the tavern, after sleep. What do they testify to?

Review Raskolnikov's reflections after visiting the Marmeladov family and reading a letter to his mother (part 1, chapter 2-4). What contradictions can you name? What can you say about the character of the hero based on this?
What caused these contradictions, the struggle between the two principles?

5. Raskolnikov's theory and ideological "doubles" of the hero.

Social: the extreme poverty of the hero himself and his mother and sister; his heart breaks with sympathy and a desire to help others (Marmeladov, his wife, his children, Sonya, a drunk girl on the boulevard)

Moral: a desire to test his theory, according to which strong people, for the great goal of changing the imperfect world, have the right to step over "the blood" of other people.

Historical: Raskolnikov's theory grew out of the disappointment of the younger generation after the collapse of the revolutionary situation of the 60s on the basis of the crisis of utopian theories.

What is the main cause of the crime?
What is the essence of the hero's theory, in which he believes?
Where was it stated?
What kind of people does the hero belong to?

Raskolnikov's theory of "dividing people into two categories."

Being at the mercy of this theory, Raskolnikov is convinced that there is no injustice on earth and that a savior must come who will destroy an unjust society and create a society of happy people, even at the cost of violence and bloodshed.

"Ordinary" or "extraordinary" he himself is the question that worries Rodion Raskolnikov most of all.

"Ordinary People".

People are conservative. Such people live in obedience and love to be obedient.
This is a material that serves solely for the birth of their own kind.
They are weak, powerless and unable to change their fate.
Such people cannot deserve regret. Their life is worthless - it can only be a sacrifice to "special people" to achieve their great goals. This is abundant material for a few Napoleons.

"Extraordinary People".

These people establish new laws of life, change life, boldly destroy the old, they are not even stopped by the need to shed someone's blood on their way to achieve their goals.
They have a talent for saying a new word and breaking the law in the name of a better one.
These are the chosen people. Such personalities were, for example, Mohammed, Napoleon.

"Doubles" by Raskolnikov.

They consider themselves "the mighty of this world", they live according to the principle "everything is permitted."

Arkady Ivanovich Svidrigailov "

1. Who is Svidrigailov? How is it characterized by the first information in the novel?

2. Is Svidrigailov right when he asserts that he and Raskolnikov are “one field of the berry”, that there is a “common point” between them?

Deeds

Common with Raskolnikov's theory

The gambler has a very contradictory character: he commits a number of kind and noble deeds (he gives money to Katerina Ivanovna and Sonya so that she can accompany Rodion to hard labor). But on his conscience is the insulted honor of Dunya and the death of his wife, bringing Philip's servant to suicide. Having overheard Rodion's confession of a crime, he tries to blackmail Dunya, threatening to inform her brother. In his soul, as in the soul of Raskolnikov, there is a struggle between good and evil (evil takes over: Svidrigailov commits suicide).

“We are of the same berry field,” Svidrigailov says to Rodion. And Rodion understands that this is so, because both of them, albeit for different reasons, "passed through the blood."

Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin.

Who is Luzhin?
What reasoning from the mother's letter about Luzhin attracted Raskolnikov's special attention? What thoughts and feelings do they give rise to in Raskolnikov and why?
Impressions about Luzhin are aggravated when analyzing the "explanation" scene between Luzhin and Dunya. Compare the behavior of Luzhin and Dunya in the scene of their explanation.
What did Luzhin appreciate above all in life and why was he annoyed by the break with Dunya?
Luzhin cannot reconcile himself and makes a decision, which, in his opinion, could return Dunya. How Luzhin Carried Out His Decision.

Deeds

Common with Raskolnikov's theory

The villain Luzhin is a voluptuous nonentity who seeks to rule. Tries to defame Sonya (slipping her a hundred-ruble bill to embroil Rodion with his family). He wants to marry Rodion's sister Duna and enjoys her addiction. Dunya is ready to marry this successful businessman without love. She decides to take this step for the same reason as Sonya - to pull the family out of poverty and help her brother complete his education.

"Love, above all, one yourself, for everything in the world is based on personal interest." Luzhin calmly steps over all obstacles in his path.

What is the meaning of comparing Raskolnikov with Luzhin and Svidrigailov?

6. Raskolnikov and "Eternal Sonechka". The hero's dreams as a means of his inner self-disclosure.

What is Sonya's "truth", what principles does she live by, in the name of what did the heroine "overstep"?
Life is hard for both Raskolnikov and Sonya. But how do the heroes perceive her?
Why did Raskolnikov choose Sonya as his interlocutor?
What seemed strange to Raskolnikov at Sonya, why?

What is the result of the first conversation between Raskolnikov and Sonya?

Why does Raskolnikov make Sonya read the Gospel?
Why does Raskolnikov come to Sonya a second time?

Is Sonya always meek and quiet in conversation with Raskolnikov? What is the main thing in Sonya's behavior?
What in a conversation with Sonya makes Raskolnikov understand the falsity of his theory?
Prove that writing asserts the "truth" of Sonya Marmeladova in the novel.

Let's trace how the resurrection of a person takes place in Raskolnikov through love.

How did Sonya's stay in hard labor affect Raskolnikov?
How do you answer the questions that Raskolnikov asks himself about the attitude of convicts towards him and Sonya?

Sonya.

An 18-year-old girl whose entire education is several books of romantic content. From an early age, I saw around me only drunken quarrels, illness, debauchery and human grief. Sonya is a “harlot,” as Dostoevsky writes about her. She is forced to sell herself to save her family from starvation. To help her stepmother and her children, she actually kills herself as a person, but surprisingly maintains her purity. Her soul is overflowing with Christian love for people, readiness for self-sacrifice.

The main features of Sonya Marmeladova.

Self-sacrifice.

To make life easier for her family, her loved ones, the girl sacrifices herself. Her whole life is self-sacrifice. When Raskolnikov talks to her about suicide as the only worthy way out, she interrupts him with a reminder of her family: "What will happen to them?" Love for her neighbors deprives her of even such an outlet as death.

Humility.

The girl is not indignant and does not protest - she resigned herself to fate. Dostoevsky contrasts Sonia's humility with Raskolnikov's rebellion. Sonya's patience and her vitality stem largely from her faith. She believes in God, in justice blindly, without going into complex philosophical reasoning. All her actions are determined by Christian commandments and religious laws. Belief in God helps to keep the spark of the human in oneself.

Forgiveness.

It was Sonia who owes Rodion Raskolnikov his spiritual rebirth. Her exhausted, but pure soul is capable of seeing a person even in a killer, empathizing with him, suffering with him. In essence, Sonya's attitude to Raskolnikov is God's attitude to man, i.e. forgiveness. She brought Rodion back to the truth with the words of the Gospel and the example of her own life. Religion in the novel is a way of solving moral problems, and Sonya, as conceived by the author, bears the Divine principle.

Sleep as an artistic device.

Subconscious.

Sleep is a person's communication with his consciousness. Dreams depend on the mental state of a person and have a huge impact on his inner world. It is often a continuation of the events that took place during the day. In a dream, a person continues to feel, experience and reflect.

Artistic technique.

Introduction to the work of a dream is a favorite technique of many writers (dreams of Tatyana Larina, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov). The technique makes it possible to penetrate into the most hidden properties of the hero's soul, into his subconscious.

Raskolnikov's first dream.

Exposition.

Rodion sees a dream before the crime, at a time of painful meditation. The dream serves as an exposition: it acquaints the reader with people who will meet throughout the novel.

This is a painful dream, its action takes place in Rodion's childhood. She dreams that she and her father walk past a tavern on a festive evening and see how drunken men beat a little horse harnessed to a huge cart. The boy tries to intercede, but in front of the crowd, the unfortunate nag is finished off with an iron crowbar. Rodion is crying, wants to scream.

Meaning.

The dream carries a semantic load: it reveals the true state of Rodion's soul, shows that the violence he conceived contradicts his own nature.

Symbolism.

In the dream, there are two opposite places: a tavern and a church in the cemetery. The tavern is the personification of drunkenness, evil, meanness, filth of its inhabitants. But any Russian begins to live in a church and ends there. It is no coincidence that the church is located 300 meters from the pub. This small distance shows that a person can stop sinning at any time and start a new, righteous life.

The meaning of Raskolnikov's dreams.

Sleep after murder.

The dream-cry is filled with scary sounds: “…. such unnatural sounds, such screaming, grinding, tears, beatings and curses, he had never heard before ”. The whole being of the hero opposed the murder committed, and only an inflamed brain assures itself that the theory is correct, that murder is as common as the change of day and night. In this dream, the scene is a staircase, which symbolizes the struggle between good and evil in Raskolnikov's soul.

A dream in which Rodion repeats murder.

The atmosphere in a dream resembles the kingdom of the dead. But everything is dead only for Rodion - for the rest of the people the world has not changed. People were standing below, and Rodion was above the whole crowd, all these "trembling creatures." He is Napoleon, a genius and cannot stand on the same level with cattle. But the people below condemn Raskolnikov, laugh at his attempts to change the world through the murder of an old woman. He sees that he has not changed anything: the old woman is alive and laughs at him along with the crowd.

Raskolnikov's theory divides people into "weak" and "strong". Rodion is tormented by the question of who he is: "the trembling creature" or "has the right." The hero does not take into account the main thing: murder is contrary to the very nature of man. Having committed a crime, he acutely feels the impossibility of staying with people and suffers from the impossibility of communicating with his mother and sister. Where can they be attributed according to their theory, to what category of people? Logically, they belong to "weak people", to the "lower class", which means that the ax of another Raskolnikov can fall on their heads at any moment. It turns out that, according to his theory, he should despise and kill everyone he loves. These thoughts are unbearable to him and the fact that his theory is similar to the theories of Luzhin and Svidrigailov. Raskolnikov himself becomes a victim of what he had done: "I killed myself, not the old woman." He comprehends his erroneous delusions through severe suffering and is gradually reborn to a new life.

What prevented Raskolnikov from living according to the theory created by him?
Does Raskolnikov repent of the crime?
Does he feel in the position of "strong"? What does Raskolnikov reproach himself for?

The central episodes of the novel, revealing the struggle of the hero with his "nature", capable of compassion and sensitive to the misfortunes of people, are Raskolnikov's meetings with Porfiry Petrovich.

Tell us about the first meeting of Raskolnikov with the investigator (reasons, behavior, conclusion).
Read the author's remarks in the conversation between Raskolnikov and Porfiry Petrovich.
Raskolnikov goes to the second duel with Porfiry Petrovich, pursuing a single goal: "... although this time, by all means, defeat his irritated nature." Tell us about the second meeting with the investigator, make a conclusion.

The third meeting (part 4, chapter 2). Why does Raskolnikov demand that Porfiry Petrovich interrogate him "in form"?
Read the episode where Porfiry Petrovich explains to Raskolnikov why "the criminal will not run away." Analyze it.
What prevented Raskolnikov from living according to his theory, why did the hero "make a confession"? Why does Porfiry Petrovich say: “He lied, he was incomparable, but he couldn’t figure it out by nature”?

Raskolnikov is disappointed in himself, not in his theory. The hero despises himself for the fact that he could not bear his crime and made a confession, suffers from the consciousness that he cannot classify himself as “having the right”, that he is a “louse” like everyone else. Raskolnikov's cold thought ("arithmetic", "dialectics") collided with his "nature", capable of compassion, sensitive to the misfortune of people. Raskolnikov could not overcome the feeling of criminality, defeat "nature". In Raskolnikov's internal struggle, "nature" takes over, and he has no choice but to "make a confession."

Let's trace this struggle through the text of the novel.

What feelings did Raskolnikov have on the first day after the murder?
Tell us about Raskolnikov's meeting with his family (part 3, chapter 3). What did Raskolnikov feel and understand with particular strength when he met his mother and sister? What is the meaning of the author's remarks?
Why does Rodion Raskolnikov suffer and torment after the crime?

The collapse of Raskolnikov's theory.

Raskolnikov's theory about the right of the strong to commit a crime turned out to be absurd. It is built on the chosenness of some and the humiliation of others. Raskolnikov understands that he is not Napoleon, that unlike his idol, who calmly sacrificed the lives of tens of thousands of people, he is unable to cope with his feelings after the murder of “one nasty old woman”: “…. I did not kill a person, I killed a principle! " This principle is his conscience. The call of good, which he drowns in every possible way, prevents him from becoming a "master". Rodion's human nature opposes an inhuman, immoral theory.

Feeling of time.

Time in the novel is now infinitely stretched, now compressed, now it disappears altogether. In the first part of the novel, it is stretched out (three days), after the committed crime the rhythm accelerates, but Raskolnikov himself loses the feeling of time (he falls ill, falls into unconsciousness), and the events described in the third and fourth parts of the novel last only two days.

The symbolism of color in the novel.

Yellow is the main color of the novel.

Rodion Raskolnikov lives in a yellow closet-like closet with yellow wallpaper
Sonya Marmeladova lives on a yellow ticket, there is also yellow wallpaper in her room.
The old woman-pawnbroker is dressed in a yellowed katsaveika, her room is furnished with yellow wood furniture.
From constant drunkenness, Marmeladov's face turned yellow.
The houses of St. Petersburg are painted yellow-gray.
Porfiry Petrovich has furniture made of "polished yellow wood" in his house.
Svidrigailov stayed in a hotel in a room with yellow wallpaper.
Luzhin's ring with a yellow stone.
A suicidal woman with a yellow, lean face meets Raskolnikov on the street.
Yellow color is a symbol of illness, poverty, squalor of life, it enhances the atmosphere of hopelessness, anguish, hysteria. All the "yellow" details in the novel are harbingers of bad events.

Raskolnikov's meeting with Marmeladov in the tavern. (analysis)

Official Semyon Zakharovich Marmeladov and his family play an important role in the development of the plot and problems of the novel "Crime and Punishment". For the first time we meet with this hero in an episode of his conversation with Raskolnikov in a tavern. It is from this passage that we learn the history of Marmeladov's life, get to know his wife and daughter, learn about their life tragedy.

So, Raskolnikov, after another visit to the old woman-pawnbroker, goes to the tavern. He was led to this place by the same desire to pour over his grief, the same feeling of emptiness and mental nausea as the rest of the visitors. Dostoevsky shows that the tavern is the abode of unhappy people who are offended by life. They reached the "brink" of their moral decline, completely sank and turned into cattle. People come here, sink even lower, drink the last, offend the closest people and, tormented by the realization of their insignificance, come back to the tavern. It turns out a vicious circle, which these unfortunates cannot break.

All this Raskolnikov, and we, too, understand from the story of Marmeladov. This man immediately caught Rodion's attention. In his eyes, "it was as if even enthusiasm was shining — perhaps there was both meaning and intelligence — but at the same time there seemed to be a glimpse of madness." Marmeladov also singled out Raskolnikov from the circle of regular visitors to the tavern. He was looking for a person to whom he could tell about his life, how to confess, relieve his soul. Semyon Zakharovich saw such a person, educated, capable of understanding and not condemning at once, in Raskolnikov.

The appearance of Marmeladov betrayed him as a lowered, drinking man living in poverty. But, as it turns out later, it was once a titular councilor. He became a widow and married a second time to Katerina Ivanovna. The author emphasizes that Marmeladov did this solely out of pity and sympathy for the woman who was left a widow with three children and lived in utter, hopeless poverty.

It was not so easy to marry the hero Katerina Ivanovna: in addition to her proud and proud character, her noble origin and lofty upbringing spoke in her. But poverty breaks people down, makes them slaves, makes them unhappy. So it happened with this woman. By marrying Marmeladov, she fell into even greater poverty and humiliation. The hero began to drink and drink everything, taking away the latter not only from his daughter Sonechka, but also from his wife's three young children. From constant malnutrition and anxiety, Katerina Ivanovna fell ill with consumption, and her condition was constantly deteriorating - she "began to cough up blood."

We see that Marmeladov admits his guilt, and his guilt is great. While he was pouring wine into his grief and helplessness, terrible things happened to his family. Lebezyatnikov beat Katerina Ivanovna because she stood up for poor Sonechka. From such humiliation, the woman fell ill, leaving the children practically unattended. After all, Sonya now came home only at dusk, so that no one would see her. She could not go to her home, because she lived on a yellow ticket, as she became a street woman.

Sonechka's tragedy is commonplace and therefore even more terrible. The girl earned her living by sewing, but one day she was not paid money for her work, and “having stomped her feet and called it indecent, under the guise of a shirt collar sewn out of size and a jamb”, was kicked out. And at home, the stepmother, exhausted by the terrible life, in the heat sent the girl to the panel. And Sonechka made up her mind, stepped over her soul for the sake of saving the lives of her loved ones.

The description of her first return from "work" is scary. The girl silently put the money she had earned on the table, covered her head with a big angry handkerchief and lay down on the bed. And only her shoulders and her whole body trembled under this "shelter". Then Katerina Ivanovna realized what she had pushed her stepdaughter to: "she went up to Sonechka's bed and stood on her knees all evening, kissed her feet, did not want to get up, and then both fell asleep together, embracing."

And, talking about all the misfortunes of his family, Marmeladov added: "and I ... lay drunk, sir." We see that this hero scolds himself for his bestial condition, but from weakness of character, he cannot do anything about it. Raskolnikov meets him at the moment when Semyon Zakharovich has been drinking for the fifth day. And this despite the fact that only recently the hope of improvement flashed in their family - Marmeladov found a place for himself and even went to work for two days. And these two days were the happiest in many years of his family's life. But the happiness did not last long - the hero drank everything that he had. He asks Raskolnikov to bring him home.

This moment is the finale of this episode, which introduces Marmeladov and his family into the novel.

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