Drawings of folk costumes. How to draw a Tatar national costume with a pencil step by step. Methods of practical decoration of Russian folk costumes

A couple of days ago Alena Belova wrote to me asking to show me how to draw folk costume pencil. I have already done a lot of drawing lessons different clothes. You will see links to them below, under this lesson. And for this I selected a picture depicting women’s festive clothing from the Tver province of the 19th century: On the left is a sundress, a shirt and a belt. On the right is a girl's festive shirt with a belt. If you were asked this topic in history or art class, you can use this lesson:

How to draw a Russian folk costume with a pencil step by step

Step one. I sketch the main parts of the costumes. This is no different from a sketch of a person, only without the head and legs. It is also important to maintain proportions here.
Step two. Draw the shape of the dresses. Folk costumes (at least ours) were not open, so here almost the entire body is hidden.
Step three. Very important point these are folds. Without them, the drawing will look like a paper dress. Try to show all possible curves and shadows from them on the dress.
Step four. Another one distinguishing feature folk costume is an abundance of patterns. This is not just some kind of invention from Armani or Gucci. Each pattern means something. It’s difficult to draw them, but if you don’t do this, it will be difficult for the viewer to determine: is this a dress of some young lady or a folk costume? And so, by looking just for a second, anyone can determine without error.
Step five. If you add shading, the drawing will become more realistic.
I already wrote above that I have a lot of drawing lessons here. You can take any theme that has clothes in it and copy it. But I have selected the best thematic lessons from this and am giving them to you.

Development specific features folk costume is influenced mainly by climatic, socio-historical factors and national mentality. Also significant role Neighborhood and relationships with other ethnic groups and their cultural and everyday life characteristics play a role in the formation of a particular stylistic image of a folk costume. Anyway, National clothes is a synthesis folk art. Drawing it step by step will be a good way to remember its main features. After all, clothing is the face of an ethnic group, a mirror reflecting its life and beliefs.

IN modern society, with increasing interest in their culture, people strive to find out what Russian folk costumes are and how to draw them. To fully satisfy your interest, you need to master some theory of the origin of clothing. For example, you can consider a woman or draw her step by step in watercolor, thereby fixing the presented image on paper.

The history of the emergence of Russian folk clothing

The history goes back many centuries. Statistical virtually unchanged conditions peasant life, climate and natural environment life, religious environment and folk beliefs formed a clothing style that was maximally adapted to hard work.

Many artists wonder how to draw a Russian folk costume. To do this, you should know its specific features. Firstly, such features are lightness, functionality, and ease of dressing. For each type of activity there is its own clothing - from a jacket and a cossack to a long-sleeved sheepskin coat and army coat. The very activity of daily activity set its own limits for cutting and sewing clothes - a wide wedge was inserted into the trousers, and diamond-shaped gussets were inserted into the armpits of the shirt. The clothes had a wide wrap and were without buttons - they were tied with a sash, and any family member could at any time put a zipun and a zipunnik or a sheepskin sheepskin coat on the shirt.

The design of the sundress, shirt, poneva, armyak and zipun practically did not require the use of scissors, and the excess material was extremely insignificant.

So how to draw, guided by knowledge about its model range?

Women's and men's Russian national costumes

Russian folk costume differed by gender, age and territorial affiliation. You need to know this in order to imagine what Russian folk costumes look like and how to draw them.

Children's clothing repeated the cut and decoration of adult clothing, but was made in a smaller size and from cheaper fabric. In summer, children wore long shirts tied with belts.

To draw a Russian folk costume for men, it is useful to know that men's clothing was of the same type. Her complex included a shirt, a belt, ports, an upper and lower caftan, bast shoes or boots and a headdress.

Choosing the position of the suit, its cut and color features

To draw a Russian folk costume step by step, you need to remember that the costume of different segments of the population differed not only in the number of parts, but also in the variety of materials, having the same cut of its individual parts.

So, a large number of draperies and folds create additional volume of clothing, giving it the illusion of layers. Therefore, the artist should avoid compositional congestion of the silhouette, and if this congestion does occur in the cut of the clothing, then it is necessary to minimize the number of folds.

Fabrics were always dyed with vegetable dyes - the predominance of red is due to the presence of madder weed as a dye in every village, while green dyes were brought exclusively from China. It is important to voice this in order to show how to draw a Russian folk costume.

Drawing the lines of a mannequin

Before drawing a Russian folk costume step by step, it is necessary to determine the angle of the transmitted image and its technical and stylistic qualities.

For a more open “panoramic” look of clothing, it is recommended to depict it in a “three-quarter” turn, for the construction of which the suit will be rotated along the “y” axis of the ternary coordinate system, that is, turned 95 degrees relative to the observer. This angle allows you to simultaneously show the object both from the front and from the profile. You can copy a Russian folk costume (photo), drawing it is quite simple.

From such an angle as presented below, the reliefs and decorations of such women's headdresses as the kichka or kokoshnik will be perfectly visible.

Physiological characteristics of the mannequin

So, the midline of the mannequin’s body will lie on the “y” axis: it is also worth depicting shoes along it - for women it is represented by low-heeled shoes, boots or bast shoes, for men - boots or bast shoes.

Three lines are drawn arbitrarily: shoulders, chest and pelvic girdle. Then, two ovals are built along the belts of the limb - respectively, male and To draw a Russian folk costume in stages, it is necessary to supplement the female mannequin with one more line - at the level of the midline of the chest - it will indicate the angle of the female chest. Then all the limb belts and the shoulder line are connected by a body contour curved at an arbitrary waist.

When wondering how to draw a Russian folk costume step by step, you should remember that from the huge variety women's clothing two can be distinguished: South Russian and North Russian.

Therefore, in order to draw a Russian folk costume in stages, first a territorial model of costume is selected: for the South Russian - an embroidered shirt, an apron, a belt, a checkered blanket, a shortened shoulder shirt, a “magpie” headdress; for Northern Russians - a shirt, a long sundress, a belt, a jacket, a kokoshnik.

Methods of practical decoration of Russian folk costumes

Since ancient times, Russians have used embroidery and patterned weaving to decorate clothes. Patterned weaving refers to a three-dimensional pattern with a convex (mostly red) ornament located in stripes across the fabric.

When using the patterned sewing technique, it is very difficult to convey the round outlines of the design, so the ornamental motifs are geometric and rectilinear, and the circle motif in sewing was conveyed using rhombuses or squares placed at the corner. On combined festive clothing, ornaments were made in the form of stitching, embroidery, sewn ribbons, small appliqué, located along the shoulder seams, backing seams, and the like, thus marking constructive and functional elements. Only small, geometric, and less often floral ornaments were used. On underwear, the ornament performed primarily a protective function, based on folk superstitions, and covered the collar, sleeve cuffs and the hem of the shirt.

Drawing decorated parts of clothing

On both mannequins, in the shoulder area, a shirt is drawn with long sleeves falling down, the cuffs of which or the sleeves themselves are covered with a surrounding pattern of red and white stripes. A similar pattern should cover the collar of a shirt - for women it is round or finely gathered, for men it is oblique.

At the level of the female chest, a sundress bodice is drawn, the straps of which, trimmed with yellow or red ornaments, are drawn towards the shoulders. The bodice of the sundress goes around the rounded female breast and goes down to the very bottom in two lines. The hem of the sundress can be covered with horizontal or vertical patterns.

A man's shirt continues to the waist level, where it is intercepted by the circumference of the belt, and then drawn untucked. Its lower edge is also covered with ornaments.

Below the line of the pelvic girdle, the trouser legs of the ports are drawn, reaching the ankle levels.

The shirt has White color, the sundress is often red, less often green or blue; ornament - red, green or yellow, less often blue. Men's ports were made of gray or dark brown cloth.

A kokoshnik, drawn in the shape of a crescent, decorated with arbitrary scallops and lines, a round or rectangular colored pattern, is perfect for a women's sundress. Patterns should always be small and located along the hemline of the dress or shirt.

Applying light shadows

In order to fully draw a Russian folk costume with a pencil, you need to apply light shading of the shadows. It will run along the edge of the shirt along the sleeves, in a single spot from the chest line to the middle of the pelvic girdle. It is recommended to put several folds along the sleeves and vertical planes - the pattern will bend there and a shadow will be imposed.

The checkered pattern should be applied to an already shaded surface. hard pencil. In planes close to the viewer, the drawing is distinguished by strokes of increased softness.

Scenic watercolor treatment

The color saturation of the paint on the brush must be checked on the plane of the white palette before each stroke. First, the required color segment is filled in, then a repeat tone is applied to emphasize the accents of perspective and the color saturation of the image.

Most were made from shiny, smooth fabrics that acquired bright reflections in the sun. Therefore, it is recommended not to touch surfaces that stand out in the sun with color in advance, but to create a tone for them with a brush from paint by repeatedly washing it out.

Russian culture has always, and now, in modern times, is of particular interest to many people. Our history is rich in painters, writers, and poets. Russian culture has always been very interesting for the whole world. National costumes are integral part culture of any nationality or nationality. Interest in the Russian national costume today is especially great in connection with the recent Winter Olympics. Sochi. All foreigners want to buy souvenirs for themselves - dolls in Russian costumes. But, you can also draw either dolls or figures of people in such costumes. What we will do today and teach you how to correctly draw Russian national costumes step by step - male and female.

Stage 1. First, let's draw the initial lines of the female and male figures. Two circles - heads, necks, quadrangles - bodies, lines of arms and legs.

Stage 2. We begin to draw circles with smooth lines, gradually giving contours to the faces. We show the lines of the cheeks, chins, ears, and the beginning of the neck.

Stage 3. Now let's draw the facial expressions. Using an auxiliary line inside the circle, we show the eyes with eyelashes, eyebrows above them, the outline of the nose with nostrils and lips in a friendly, benevolent smile.

Stage 4. Here we draw the girl a beautiful thick braided braid falling forward, we outline her head in a semicircle - a kokoshnik - a Russian national headdress. From under the kokoshnik you can see the lace framing the forehead. On the ears we will show beautiful diamond-shaped earrings, the end of the braid is decorated with a satin bow. We'll put a cap with a visor on the guy's head, with a rose attached to the side.

Stage 5. Let's start drawing the costumes (clothes). On it we draw a stand-up collar, the chest section of the sundress and a belt under the chest. There are two strings of beads on the neck, draw them in circles. He is wearing a shirt with a stand-up collar, the shirt is quite long, covers the top of his trousers, and is belted with a belt.

Stage 6. Let's show on right hand a shirt sleeve, grabbed at the bottom of the wrist with a cuff. The guy's shirt sleeve also covers his arm. With the same hand he holds the national musical instrument- balalaika. We draw a triangle from which the balalaika handle extends, with strings on it.

Stage 7. We finish drawing the left hands of both characters. The girl has a handkerchief clutched in her fingers. With his left hand the guy holds the handle of the balalaika, clamping the strings.

Stage 8. We finish drawing Russian national costumes, depicting the hem of the sundress and trousers. The sundress is flared down, gathered in folds. The trousers are harem pants, quite wide, tucked into boots. We draw the legs along the straight lines from stage 1.

Stage 9. Now we draw patterns on the sundress - vertical and horizontal lines. There is a row of buttons in the middle. We make the guy's bloomers striped.

Goals:

1. Introduce the history and traditions of Russian folk holidays.
2. Cultivate respect, develop interest in folk art.
3. Reinforce the concept of “ornament” and its types.
4. Improve your visual skills and the ability to work with gouache.

Visibility: images of Russian folk costumes, ornaments, panels depicting a village square, audio recording “Ringing of Bells”, templates of human figures, proverbs on the board:

1. You can't feed a chicken, and you can't dress up a girl.
2. The woman’s shirts are the same bags: tie the sleeves and put whatever you want.
3. They praise the silk on a girl when the girl herself has a lot of sense.

I. Organizational moment.

II. Announcing the topic of the lesson

a) Conversation

Every nation has holidays. They reveal a person’s soul, his character. In Rus' they loved holidays. They greeted spring and said goodbye to winter; holidays celebrated the completion of field work, and sometimes simply the end of the working day. Holidays were always fun, filled with music, singing, games and dancing. Every evening people different ages they gathered in the evening at someone’s hut and sang and danced there. The song and dance repertoire was very rich and varied. All seasons, all calendar holidays had their own songs, games, dances, fun, and nursery rhymes. Often, catchphrases, jokes, and jokes were invented on the spot, improvised on the spot, especially ditties.

The holiday is not only songs and dances.

How else does this day differ from ordinary everyday life?/outfits/

On the eve of public festivities, heavy chests were thrown open. The more they were stuffed, the richer the owner of the house was considered. All festive clothing was necessarily decorated with elements of embroidery, beads, sparkles, which, as a rule, was not present in casual wear. One could judge the taste and skill of the craftswoman by the clothes, because the peasant woman made her own outfit<рисунок 1>.

What a variety of holiday outfits!

What do they have in common? (patterns)

How can you call it differently? (ornament)

Any Russian costume in the old days was certainly decorated with ornaments and embroidery.

Let's remember what types of ornaments you know?

/plant and geometric/

Attention to the board. Before you are patterns (they can simply be depicted on the board with colored chalk.) Which of them will not be ornaments? Why? /in the ornament the elements are depicted in a certain order, rhythmically./

Game “Compose a melody for the ornament.”

b) STORY about Russian folk costumes.

Let's take a closer look at the outfits.

The basis of any Russian costume was the shirt<рисунок 1и 2>. Shirts with a fastener on the side were called kosovorotki. These were usually worn by men. Their outfit also included pants, which were tucked into boots or onuchi (a piece of fabric), and bast shoes were worn on top of the onuchi.

The shirt was wide and decorated along the hem, collar, and edge of the sleeves with embroidery. And always tied with a sash<рисунок 2>.

Belts performed many functions: they spoke about a person’s well-being, and were also a reward and a gift and were passed on by inheritance. Festive shirts were embroidered with colored silk threads. Preference was given to red color (as a talisman).

Particular importance was attached to the location of the drawing. For example:

• chest patterns - protected the heart and lungs,
• shoulder guards - protected the hands,
• floor-mounted - did not allow evil forces to penetrate from below.

In the central and northern regions of Russia, women wore a sundress for the holidays<рисунок 3>.

The smooth lines of the sundress seemed to flow, making the woman look like a swan. It’s not for nothing that in songs and fairy tales they are called swans.

The festive outfit also included the so-called soul warmers - epanechki or koroten - short blouses with straps, similar to sundresses<рисунок 4>.

And in the southern regions of Russia, fashionistas wore a pony complex<рисунок 5>.

Poneva - skirt. She always dressed over a shirt, then an apron, and then a top.

The apron was generously decorated with embroidery<рисунок 6>.

Red color predominated. This is the color of fire, the sun, magical, beautiful, a symbol of salvation and a sign of a barrier for evil forces. This color was supposed to scare away demons and spirits in human form, and to preserve and protect the owner from various misfortunes.

The topper is outerwear, which was worn in autumn or spring. The top was not belted<рисунок 7>.

And finally, hats.

They were clearly divided into dresses for girls and for married women:

Kokoshniks, ribbons, wreaths /girls/.

Koruna, magpie, kitschka /female/.

In the names of the headdresses one can hear a relationship with a bird: kokoshnik, kichka, magpie. And this is no coincidence. Remember the fairy tales: the swan, the swan is white, like a peahen.

c) Working with proverbs.

III. Practical work – creation of a collective panel on the theme “Holiday in the Village.”

Students are given figurines depicting people and need to make them festive clothes.

Differentiated task:

1st group: Colorize ready-made figures, already “dressed” - a task for slow children and those who have difficulty drawing images on their own. Create your own ornament.

Group 2: “Dress” paper figurine, i.e. come up with and draw a festive outfit yourself.

Group 3 (children who draw well): Depict figure of a man in a festive costume.

The main condition is the presence of an ornament in clothes.

Finished works are glued onto a pre-prepared panel depicting a rural square with a cathedral and peasant houses. /Audio recording “Ringing of bells” - people gather in the cathedral square./

IV. Bottom line.

Everything in life changes, but the holiday remains. And although he can cope in different ways, the main thing remains - joy, special excitement, fun, elegant clothes, gifts, songs and dances, which are now sometimes mysterious to us. However, these traditions constitute extraordinaryness and peculiarity. You need to remember and know about them.

Do you remember?

We'll check this now.

Children are given arrow cards with words and names of Russian folk clothes:

- shirt	- epanechka	- kokoshnik
- sash	- short	- koruna
- braided shirt	- poneva	- forty
- onuchi	- apron	- kitschka.
- sundress	- topper

It is necessary to connect the arrow cards with the items of clothing in the pictures so that they match the names.

V. Evaluation of work.

Preview:

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Slide captions:

Russian folk costume Each nation expressed its understanding of human beauty, primarily through costume. The word "suit", which comes from French, means "custom". Presentation created by teacher primary classes GBOU Secondary School No. 423 of Kronstadt Kharitonova N.V.

Look at these costumes, their marvelous colors. It was as if someone had collected colors from flowering meadows, from blue rivers, from fiery sunsets and placed them on clothes.

Festive costumes were created by craftswomen with special diligence and passed down from mother to daughter.

The basis of feminine and men's suit there was a shirt made of homespun linen. For men, the length of the shirt was below the knees, for women - to the very heels.

The patterns were placed along the edge of the hem, sleeves, collars, above the folds of the arms, along the seams and side slits as amulets.

Shoes were bast shoes, and leather boots were also worn. The costume was complemented by a belt-amulet. The role of the belt is great in various rituals; girls prepared belts as a dowry.

The South Russian complex was distinguished by the presence of a poneva, an apron-curtain. Poneva - an element of Russian folk costume, a women's woolen skirt for married women (usually checkered) with a richly decorated hem

Tula outfit

South Russian ponyov complex Headdress - magpie Embroidered shirt Poneva apron Lapti Curtain Belt (sash)

Hats Kichka Soroka

The North Russian complex is characterized by a sarafan, dushegreya or epanechka. Headdress: kokoshnik, crown.

North Russian sundress complex Kokoshnik Crown Shirt Dushegrey Epanechka Sundress Boots Lapti

Patterns Ornament Patterns of stylized plants, flowers, and branches were depicted. The most common elements of ornaments: triangles, rhombuses, oblique crosses, octagonal stars, rosettes, fir trees, bushes, rectangles with dots, stylized figures of a woman, bird, horse, deer.

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