Sea king or King Pallet is famous character epics ancient Rus', is negative hero, lord of the seas, the water element, owner of huge treasures and untold riches. In fairy tales, he has a wife, Vodyanitsa, and many beautiful daughters. The Sea King can be found in such epics as “Sadko”, “The Tale of Vasilisa the Wise” and other works not only Russian, but also Norwegian, Finnish, Estonian, Greek, Kyrgyz and Old French. The sea king is the most unpredictable and interesting hero fairy tales, because on the one hand he is considered a villain, and on the other hand, he does nothing aggressive and sinister to either the heroes or the inhabitants of Rus'.

The Sea King should not be confused with the Water King. The latter is a cunning drunkard and a bully with a big belly, a green beard and an unattractive appearance, shrouded in mud. It scares people, drowns swimmers, destroys dams and drives away fish. The king is a noble old rich man who commands the elements, owns everything living and non-living in the sea world.

Characteristics and description of the character

(Painting by K.A. Vasiliev "Sadko and the Lord of the Sea", 1974)

The sea king lives in the blue sea, at the bottom and is its ruler. He has enormous wealth, a luxurious palace made of crystal, silver and gold. He also has a crown of sea fern, and rides around his domain on a shell drawn by sea ​​dogs. In one hand the king holds an oar (which means taming the waves of the sea), and in the other - a spear (a sign of their excitement). This already suggests that the character is a fickle and contradictory hero, which is expressed in his behavior and actions: either he endows Sadko and Ivan Tsarevich with wealth, or demands in return to settle and serve with him at sea.

The Pallet King loves fun and dancing. When he has a holiday, the sea rages and ships sink. It cannot be said that he deliberately sinks boats and kills people, this is what distinguishes him from other villains. Therefore, it is impossible to call the Sea King negative with complete confidence: he does not rob, does not kill for profit, does not rob and does not attack.

The image of the Sea King in epics and fairy tales

(Dancing and dances in the underwater kingdom, initiated by Sadko, drawing by V. Pertsov, 1970)

Initially, in the epics about Sadko and the tale of Vasilisa the Beautiful, the Sea King appears positive hero: gives wealth, provides everything desired, but then asks for something in return. The merchant and prince himself perceive these gifts as commonplace and a given, not suspecting any catch. Thus, the image of the Pallet King can be compared to the elements themselves: people take everything from nature, taking it for granted, and do not understand that sooner or later the hour of reckoning may come.

Also, the king’s actions can be assessed as follows: you have to pay for everything in this world, nothing is given for nothing. So it is in the epic - for wealth you need to pay with your life, repay with service or a woman.

With his actions and deeds, the Sea King reminds: be reasonable, honor the forces of nature, your family and friends, do not forget to help each other, do not make rash promises, and also teaches ingenuity, resourcefulness and courage.

After a long voyage to overseas lands, the merchant Sadko and his faithful retinue returned to Mr. Velikiy Novgorod. Suddenly, in the middle of the endless sea, Sadko’s ships stood rooted to the spot! For three days and three nights a storm rages around them, a hurricane breaks masts and tears sails, but the ships do not move!

- What kind of miracle is this? Isn't the king of the sea angry with us?- the team asks Sadko.

Sadko comes out onto the deck and shouts into the skies ringing with lightning

- How did I anger you, king of the sea? Tell!

Hears Sadko

“You’ve been sailing my seas for three years and three months, and you haven’t paid me any tribute or duty during all this time!”

Sadko ordered to fill the barrel pure gold and throw it into the sea!
The storm has gotten even worse!

Sadko ordered to collect a barrel of pure silver and throw it into the sea!
Even closer, lightning strikes from the sky at the ships!

Sadko ordered to collect a barrel of loose pearls and throw it into the sea!
The waves rock the ships so that they will capsize in no time!

Sadko gathers his team and makes the following speech:

- Apparently I have no other way but to bow to the king of the sea! Give me a pen and paper, I will write you a will - to whom, how many of you, my faithful friends, will my wealth pass, and I myself will sit on an oak board, take with me a harp harp and jump into the violent sea, but do not remember me evilly!

As soon as Sadko jumped into the violent sea, it immediately became quiet! Sadko sees that his ships with his faithful squad sailed and they soon disappeared from his eyes. He himself fell asleep on the oak board in a deep sleep.

When Sadko woke up, he saw that he was in a rich palace! And in front of him is the king of the sea.

- Hello, Sadko, merchant of Novgorod!
- Hello king of the sea! What made you angry?
“You’ve been sailing my seas for three years and three months, and you haven’t paid me any tribute or duty during all this time!”
- When I heard these words from you, I threw a barrel of gold, a barrel of silver and a barrel of loose pearls into the violent sea. Haven't you seen it?

The king of the sea laughs.

- Look around - how much gold/silver I have! And with my loose pearls I could buy all the goods in Veliky Novgorod and all the goods that sail to it.
- What do you need?
-I heard that you are a great expert at playing the harp and repairing disputes! Wake up my sleepy kingdom - I will leave you alive!

Sadko took the spring harp, struck the ringing strings, and magical music began to flow. Sadko sees that all the inhabitants of the kingdom of the sea have begun to dance. And the sea king himself does not sit still - he dances.
For three days and three nights Sadko tirelessly plays the spring harp, and the entire sea kingdom shakes and dances.

Suddenly Sadko sees an old man in front of him.

- What are you doing Sadko?- asks the old man
- Can’t you see, elder, I’m playing the harp, the king of the sea wanted to have some fun!
- Do you know that this dance has caused a great commotion on the sea for three days and three nights! Many ships went down! Stop your goose game!
- How can I then get out of the sea king?
- The King of the Sea will decide to keep you for his amusement, and will invite you to marry, and you will have a great choice! Don’t choose the first three hundred brides, and don’t choose the second three hundred, and don’t choose the third three hundred, but choose a simple girl, Chernava. She will lead you out of the sea kingdom.
- What is your name, elder?
- Nikola Mozhaisky- the old man answered and dissolved in the water, as if he was not there!

Sadko broke the sonorous strings of his harp. Doesn't sound more music magical. The king of the sea and his entire kingdom stopped dancing. The wild sea has calmed down. The Tsar asks Sadko:

- Why did you stop playing, guest from Novgorod?
- Broke the strings, king of the sea!- Sadko answers
- Yes, you made me happy, you made me happy- says the sea king - Consider yourself a winner in this argument - your life will remain with you! Only you will remain in my kingdom, you will play the harp and amuse us. And so that you don’t get bored, I decide to marry you. Here are three hundred of the best beauties of my kingdom to choose from!

- Did you like anyone, the royal guslar?- asks the king of the sea?
- — Sadko answers.

Sadko sees unspeakable beauties swimming in front of him in rich outfits! You can’t take your eyes off them; others look straight into your heart.

- Do you like anyone, my fabulous singer?- asks the king of the sea?
- I don’t see my betrothed here— Sadko answers.

The king orders to bring three hundred other beauties.

Sadko sees unspeakable beauties swimming in front of him in rich outfits! You can’t take your eyes off them; others look straight into your heart.

- Have you taken a fancy to anyone, you are my vermilion wizard?- asks the king of the sea?
- I don’t see my betrothed here— Sadko answers.
- You gave me a task! I’ll have to sink another three hundred ships, but I’ll find a bride to your liking!
- Have you shown me everyone in the sea kingdom?- Sadko asks the king - Maybe some maids or other simple souls you have?

The king orders ordinary girls Bring Sadko out to bow. Sadko looks at one of them and feels how it smells like home!

-What's your name, girl?- the Novgorod merchant approaches her - Isn't it Chernava?
- Chernava- the girl answers - the old man told you the truth - if you choose me, you will be home tomorrow! Tell the king to escort us to our chambers without delay!

He takes Sadko Chernava by the arm and leads him to the king of the sea.
- Here is my betrothed! Let the king of the sea and his wife go to their chambers, I am tired of visiting you!

Sadko and Chernava went to their chambers.

- Go to bed now- Chernava tells him - don't think about anything else!

Sadko fell into a deep sleep, and he woke up in his chambers, in Novgorod. He sees Sadko - Chernava is nearby, and his whole squad is at the table

- Welcome back, Sadko- They say - All your goods were delivered safely to Novgorod!

After that, Sadko no longer traveled to overseas countries. And in memory of this journey, he built a church in Novgorod in honor of St. Nicholas the Pleasant.

The Sea King is the supreme ruler of all the waters that wash the earth. When he is having fun in his lush underwater palaces, bad weather breaks out, and the raging elements sink the ships. In order to appease the king, the shipmen dropped bread and salt overboard, and sometimes people were cast by lot, as in the epic about Sadko. According to ancient Slavic legends, all seas and oceans are the blood of the Sea King, and the rivers are his daughters. That is why superstitious ideas are associated with them in many places in Rus', which are echoes of the ancient deification of earthly waters. He rules over all the fish and animals that are found in the seas.

Sometimes in our fairy tales the Sea King appears in the form of a fierce stallion, which must be ridden by a mighty hero. Sometimes it even turns into a black cloud, which spews out a lot of water and menacing lightning. In its original meaning, the Sea King was the god of rain clouds, which erupted onto the earth and formed seas on it, where the lord of the waters moved. The image of the original creator and creator of the world - obviously Dyya (or Diva) - over time was divided into Perun - the lord of thunderstorms, the god of the winds Stribog and the King of the Sea.

VASILISA THE WISE

Once upon a time there lived a king. He once rode to war on a greyhound horse, and was not at home for a long time. So he rode back in victory, and thirst began to torment him. I saw big lake and decided to drink from it, he just fell down to the water, someone grabbed him by the beard and dragged him away. And this was the King of the Sea, the ruler of all the waters of the earth. The unfortunate man began to ask and pray that the sea lord would let him go, but in return he demanded for himself something that the king did not know at home. The king agreed, not knowing that in his absence his wife gave birth to a son.

Twenty years have passed, the time has come to pay the debt. The king and queen cried, but there was nothing to do - they said goodbye to their son forever. Ivan Tsarevich came to the seashore and saw twelve doves flying. They flew in, hit the ground, became girls of incredible beauty and ran into the sea to swim. And their feathers remained lying on the shore - you can’t tell them from shirts! Ivan Tsarevich took and stole a shirt from one.

The girls returned, eleven turned into doves and flew away, but the twelfth, the most beautiful, could not find her shirt. Ivan shouts from behind the bushes:

Beauty, if you marry me, I’ll give you your feathers, no, I’ll burn them!

There is nothing to do, she agreed. Then the prince came out and gave him the shirt. The beauty really liked him! They exchanged wedding rings, the girl said that she was the daughter of the Sea King, Vasilisa the Wise, and would meet Ivan in the underwater kingdom, and flew away after her sisters.

I.Ya.Bilibin. Vasilisa the Wise and the Sea King. 1931

Ivan came to the underwater kingdom, but the ruler was angry that the prince did not come for a long time. He even wanted to execute him, but the prince showed Vasilisa’s ring: I’m your son-in-law, you can’t kill me! - The Sea King gave up.

There is nothing to do, the wedding took place.

It’s okay,” the Sea Tsar says to his advisers, “sooner or later I’ll eat Ivan anyway, and I’ll bring my daughter to reason so much that she’ll forget her nonsense.”

Vasilisa the Wise overheard this, and at night she and the prince secretly left the palace, mounted fast horses and rushed away from the underwater kingdom to Holy Rus'.

The sea king found out about this and rushed in pursuit.

“I hear people’s rumors and horse tramping,” says Ivan.

It's chasing us!

Vasilisa the Wise turned the horses into a lake, the prince into a drake, and she herself became a duck. The Sea King galloped up, immediately guessed who the drake and the duck were, hit the damp ground and turned into an eagle to kill them. But that was not the case: it would just fly apart from above, and the duck and drake would suddenly dive into the water. The eagle will fly away again, and they will dive again. There's no way you can take them! The Sea King got tired, waved his wing - and flew to his kingdom, slurping unsaltedly. And Ivan Tsarevich and Vasilisa went to Holy Rus' and lived happily ever after in the capital city.

M. LOMONOSOV. "PETRIADA"

In the side inaccessible from mortals,
Between the high flint mountains,
What we used to call shoals based on our vision,
The valley covered with golden sand stretched out:
The pillars around it are huge crystals,
Around which beautiful corals are entwined.
Their heads are made of twisted shells,
Surpassing the color of the arc between the thick clouds,
What does a thunderstorm seem to us to have tamed;
A platform of slate and pure azure,
The chambers from one are carved into mountains;
The tops under the scales of great fish are tubercles;
Dressings of the internal cover of craniodermals
Countless beasts in the depths of possibility,
There is a throne - amber strewn with pearls,
On it sits a King like the gray waves.
He extends his right hand into the bays and into the ocean,
He commands the waters with a sapphire scepter.
Royal clothing - purple and fine linen,
What the strong seas bring before his throne.

THE DEEP SEA - AROUND YOUR EYES

Sea Depth - Around the Eyes - a beautiful, poetic image of the Ocean-Sea, endowed with special, magical properties, mind and soul. She is akin to the ancient Greek deity Argus - a thousand-eyed, all-seeing giant who personifies the night sky, which is reflected in the mirror of the seas, forever captivating people with its beauty.

RAWLY BOGATYR

Once upon a time there lived a Novgorod hero Vasily Buslaevich. He didn’t know what to do with his heroic strength.

Such was his squad.

Vasily Buslaevich once sailed “across the sea to green meadows.” He sees - lies ahead of the Deep Sea - All Around.

Vasily began to walk around the Deep Sea, kicking it with his morocco boot.

I looked at the hero of Novgorod Sea Deep - Around my Eyes:

“Don’t kick me,” he says, “or you’ll be here yourself!”

Buslaevich’s squad was funny, the squadrons began to jump over the Abyss: every single one of them jumped over.

Vasily jumped - he jumped twice, but inadvertently touched the Abyss with the toe of his right foot...

Then his final hour of death came - the Abyss swallowed him up!

Natalia Burmistrova

I present to your attention master class on drawing using non-traditional techniques in senior group « Underwater kingdom» .

For work we need:

Landscape sheet;

Wax pencils;

Watercolor paints;

Brushes thin and thick;

A jar of water.

First, we draw different fish on a white sheet of paper in different places. wax pencils. We use bright colors: yellow, red, orange and others. It's better if the fish swim in different directions. Below we draw pebbles in black, brown or gray.

Then paint over the entire sheet with a thick brush. watercolor paints cold flowers: blue, violet, cyan. We put enough water on the brush so that we get interesting infusions of one color into another and color streamers. The smoother the transition of colors and tones, the more impressive the work will look. The image of fish and pebbles will appear as the wax repels water.

Then, while the blue paint is still wet, paint the algae with a thin brush. green in technology "in the wet". « Underwater kingdom» ready!

Here are the works of our children:

Thank you for your attention!

Publications on the topic:

The other day we read the fairy tale The Little Mermaid and watched the cartoon "Ariel" produced by Walt Disney. The children watched and listened very carefully and liked it.

Scenario for the New Year's holiday "Underwater Kingdom" Children run into the hall to cheerful music, stand in front of the Christmas tree in a semicircle, on which the lights are burning. perform a song New Year. 1st child: came.

"Underwater Kingdom" Summary of a lesson on drawing using the scratch technique in the senior group GBOU School No. 1861 “Zagorye” Preschool department No. 4 “Underwater Kingdom” Integrated direct educational activities.

Summary of an open lesson on unconventional drawing in the middle group “Journey to the underwater kingdom” Objectives: To form and enrich children’s ideas about the seasons, to clarify and systematize ideas about fish and their places of residence.

Summary of a lesson on drawing in an unconventional technique “Underwater Kingdom” Program content: teach children to draw in an unconventional way"on a wet sheet." Develop multidirectional, united, smooth movements.

Mini-museum “Underwater Kingdom” Mini museum in kindergarten as a form of work with children and parents Mini-museum “Underwater Kingdom” MBDOU No. 16 Leninsk-Kuznetsk City.

Direct educational activity in non-traditional drawing “Underwater Kingdom” (preparatory group) Program objectives: Educational: continue to teach children how to mix paints; learn to draw unconventionally.

Methodological development for conducting a lesson literary reading on the topic: Russian folk tale “The Sea King and Vasilisa the Wise” (3rd grade UMK Harmony).

Organizing time.

Speech warm-up.

Three magpie chatterers,

They chattered on the slide.

b) Read the first row joyfully, the second row sadly, the third row in surprise, all together angry.

Checking homework.

Exercises: read the words together.

Read attentively.

QUIETLY - QUIETLYSAW - SAWRETURNED – RETURNED Work in pairs. Lexical work.Explain the meaning of the expressions: “red maiden”, “head off your shoulders.” What two words are formed from and what does the word PALICE FENCE mean? 6. Work in notebooks.
7. Setting the topic, goals, and objectives for the lesson. Teacher. Can you name the topic of our lesson? Children. "The Sea King and Vasilisa the Wise." Russian folktale. Teacher. Knowing the topic, think about what goal we will set for ourselves. Children. Get acquainted with the Russian folk tale “The Sea King and Vasilisa the Wise.” Teacher. What tasks will you set? Children. Read a fairy tale expressively, replenish your lexicon, be able to ask questions, work cohesively in a group, treat each other with respect, and find the right answers. 8. Physical education minute IN dark forest there is a hut (steps in place), Stands backwards (turn). There is an old woman in this hut (tilts to the right and left), Grandmother - Yaga lives (turn back). Crochet nose (show nose), The eyes are big (show eyes), Like coals burning. Wow, how angry! (we shake our fingers) The hair stands on end (hands up). 9. Getting to know the text. Combined reading method. Teacher. Reads those passages that he considers the most difficult for students in his class, the most emotional. In the first lesson on the fairy tale, the text is read until the words “Not much time has passed.” (P.66) 10. Rereading and working with text. Children answer question 1 of the textbook. Why did the king give his son to Vodyanoy?-Who were the beautiful doves? What did they look like?Support with words from the text.- How did people who wrote fairy tales imagine the underwater kingdom? Read it.

Drawing word pictures.

How do you imagine the underwater kingdom? How do you imagine the king of the sea?

1) During the lesson I worked actively/passively. 2) I am satisfied/dissatisfied with my work in class. 3) The lesson seemed short/long for me. 4) The lesson material is clear/incomprehensible to me. 5) The lesson material is useful/useless. 6) The lesson material is interesting/boring.

Used Books:

Textbook by O. V. Kubasov literary reading for grade 3, part 1 Smolensk, 21st century association, 2012. Workbook part 1 O. V. Kubasova literary reading Smolensk, 21st century association, 2012. Guidelines to the textbook for grade 3 educational institutions O. V. Kubasova, Smolensk, 21st century association, 2013. Literary reading lessons using information technology. 1-2 grades. Toolkit with electronic application / O. A. Arkhipova, T. V. Belykh (etc.); comp. E. S. Galanzhina. – M.; Planet, 2011.-240 pp.- (Modern school).