Russian authors of the 20th century and their works. Russian literature of the XX century. From futurism to socialist realism

Ivan Sergeevich Aksakov (1823-1886) - poet and publicist. One of the leaders of the Russian Slavophiles. The most famous work: the fairy tale "The Scarlet Flower".

Aksakov Konstantin Sergeevich (1817-1860) - poet, literary critic, linguist, historian. The inspirer and ideologist of Slavophilism.

Aksakov Sergey Timofeevich (1791-1859) - writer and public figure, literary and theater critic. He wrote a book about fishing and hunting. Father of the writers Konstantin and Ivan Aksakov.

Annensky Innokenty Fedorovich (1855-1909) - poet, playwright, literary critic, linguist, translator. The author of the plays: "King Ixion", "Laodamia", "Melanippe the Philosopher", "Famira-kefared".

Baratynsky Evgeny Abramovich (1800-1844) - poet and translator. Author of poems: "Eda", "Feasts", "Ball", "Concubine" ("Gypsy").

Batyushkov Konstantin Nikolaevich (1787-1855) - poet. He is also the author of a number of well-known prose articles: "On the character of Lomonosov", "Evening at Kantemir's" and others.

Belinsky Vissarion Grigorievich (1811-1848) - literary critic. He headed the critical department in the publication "Otechestvennye zapiski". Author of numerous critical articles. He had a huge impact on Russian literature.

Bestuzhev-Marlinsky Alexander Alexandrovich (1797-1837) - Byronist writer, literary critic. Published under the pseudonym Marlinsky. Published the almanac "Polar Star". He was one of the Decembrists. Author of prose: "Test", "Terrible fortune-telling", "Frigate Hope" and others.

Vyazemsky Petr Andreevich (1792-1878) - poet, memoirist, historian, literary critic. One of the founders and the first head of the Russian Historical Society. A close friend of Pushkin.

Dmitry V. Venevetinov (1805-1827) - poet, prose writer, philosopher, translator, literary critic. Author of 50 poems. He was also known as an artist and musician. Organizer of the secret philosophical association "Society of Wisdom".

Herzen Alexander Ivanovich (1812-1870) - writer, philosopher, teacher. The most famous works: the novel "Who is to blame?", The stories "Doctor Krupov", "Forty-thief", "Damaged".

Glinka Sergei Nikolaevich (1776-1847) - writer, memoirist, historian. The ideological inspirer of conservative nationalism. Author of the following works: "Selim and Roxana", "Virtues of Women" and others.

Glinka Fedor Nikolaevich (1876-1880) - poet and writer. Member of the Society of Decembrists. The most famous works: the poems "Karelia" and "The Mysterious Drop".

Gogol Nikolai Vasilievich (1809-1852) - writer, playwright, poet, literary critic. A classic of Russian literature. Author: "Dead Souls", a cycle of stories "Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka", stories "The Overcoat" and "Viy", plays "The Inspector General" and "Marriage" and many other works.

Goncharov Ivan Alexandrovich (1812-1891) - writer, literary critic. Author of novels: Oblomov, Break, Ordinary History.

Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich (1795-1829) - poet, playwright and composer. He was a diplomat, died in the service in Persia. The most famous work is the poem "Woe from Wit", which served as the source of many catchphrases.

Grigorovich Dmitry Vasilievich (1822-1900) - writer.

Davydov Denis Vasilievich (1784-1839) - poet, memoirist. Hero of the Patriotic War of 1812. Author of numerous poems and war memoirs.

Dal Vladimir Ivanovich (1801-1872) - writer and ethnographer. As a military doctor, he collected folklore along the way. The most famous literary work is the Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language. Dahl has spent more than 50 years working on the dictionary.

Delvig Anton Antonovich (1798-1831) - poet, publisher.

Dobrolyubov Nikolai Alexandrovich (1836-1861) - literary critic and poet. He was published under the pseudonyms - bov and N. Laibov. Author of numerous critical and philosophical articles.

Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich (1821-1881) - writer and philosopher. Recognized classic of Russian literature. Author of works: "The Brothers Karamazov", "Idiot", "Crime and Punishment", "Teenager" and many others.

Zhemchuzhnikov Alexander Mikhailovich (1826-1896) - poet. Together with his brothers and writer Tolstoy A.K. created the image of Kozma Prutkov.

Zhemchuzhnikov Alexey Mikhailovich (1821-1908) - poet and satirist. Together with his brothers and writer Tolstoy A.K. created the image of Kozma Prutkov. Author of the comedy "Strange Night" and a collection of poems "Songs of Old Age".

Zhemchuzhnikov Vladimir Mikhailovich (1830-1884) - poet. Together with his brothers and writer Tolstoy A.K. created the image of Kozma Prutkov.

Zhukovsky Vasily Andreevich (1783-1852) - poet, literary critic, translator, founder of Russian romanticism.

Zagoskin Mikhail Nikolaevich (1789-1852) - writer and playwright. The author of the first Russian historical novels. The author of the works "Prankster", "Yuri Miloslavsky, or Russians in 1612", "Kulma Petrovich Miroshev" and others.

Karamzin Nikolai Mikhailovich (1766-1826) - historian, writer and poet. Author of the monumental work "History of the Russian State" in 12 volumes. He penned the novels: "Poor Liza", "Eugene and Julia" and many others.

Kireevsky Ivan Vasilievich (1806-1856) - religious philosopher, literary critic, Slavophile.

Krylov Ivan Andreevich (1769-1844) - poet and fabulist. The author of 236 fables, many of which became winged expressions. Published magazines: "Mail of Spirits", "Spectator", "Mercury".

Kuchelbecker Wilhelm Karlovich (1797-1846) - poet. He was one of the Decembrists. A close friend of Pushkin. Author of works: "The Argives", "Death of Byron", "The Eternal Jew".

Lazhechnikov Ivan Ivanovich (1792-1869) - writer, one of the founders of the Russian historical novel. Author of the novels "Ice House" and "Basurman".

Lermontov Mikhail Yurievich (1814-1841) - poet, writer, playwright, artist. A classic of Russian literature. The most famous works: the novel "A Hero of Our Time", the story "Prisoner of the Caucasus", the poems "Mtsyri" and "Masquerade".

Leskov Nikolai Semenovich (1831-1895) - writer. The most famous works: "Lefty", "Cathedrals", "At the Knives", "The Righteous".

Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich (1821-1878) - poet and writer. A classic of Russian literature. Head of the Sovremennik magazine, editor of the Otechestvennye zapiski magazine. The most famous works: "Who Lives Well in Russia", "Russian Women", "Frost, Red Nose".

Ogarev Nikolai Platonovich (1813-1877) - poet. Author of poems, poems, critical articles.

Odoevsky Alexander Ivanovich (1802-1839) - poet and writer. He was one of the Decembrists. The author of the poem "Vasilko", the poems "Zosima" and "The old woman-prophetess".

Odoevsky Vladimirovich Fedorovich (1804-1869) - writer, thinker, one of the founders of musicology. He wrote fantastic and utopian works. The author of the novel "Year 4338", numerous stories.

Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich (1823-1886) - playwright. A classic of Russian literature. The author of the plays: "The Thunderstorm", "Dowry", "The Marriage of Balzaminov" and many others.

Panaev Ivan Ivanovich (1812-1862) - writer, literary critic, journalist. Author of works: "Mama's Son", "Meeting at the Station", "Lions of the Province" and others.

Pisarev Dmitry Ivanovich (1840-1868) - literary critic of the sixties, translator. Many of Pisarev's articles were dismantled into aphorisms.

Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich (1799-1837) - poet, writer, playwright. A classic of Russian literature. Author: the poems "Poltava" and "Eugene Onegin", the story "The Captain's Daughter", the collection of stories "Belkin's Tale" and numerous poems. He founded the literary magazine Sovremennik.

Raevsky Vladimir Fedoseevich (1795-1872) - poet. Member of the Patriotic War of 1812. He was one of the Decembrists.

Ryleev Kondraty Fedorovich (1795-1826) - poet. He was one of the Decembrists. Author of the historical poetry cycle "Duma". Published a literary almanac "Polar Star".

Saltykov-Shchedrin Mikhail Efgrafovich (1826-1889) - writer, journalist. A classic of Russian literature. The most famous works: "Lord Golovlevs", "Wise gudgeon", "Poshekhonskaya antiquity". Was the editor of the journal Otechestvennye zapiski.

Samarin Yuri Fedorovich (1819-1876) - publicist and philosopher.

Sukhovo-Kobylin Alexander Vasilievich (1817-1903) - playwright, philosopher, translator. The author of the plays: "Krechinsky's Wedding", "Business", "Death of Tarelkin".

Tolstoy Alexey Konstantinovich (1817-1875) - writer, poet, playwright. Author of poems: "Sinner", "Alchemist", plays "Fantasy", "Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich", stories "Ghoul" and "Wolf adopted". Together with the Zhemchuzhnikov brothers, he created the image of Kozma Prutkov.

Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich (1828-1910) - writer, thinker, educator. A classic of Russian literature. He served in the artillery. Participated in the defense of Sevastopol. The most famous works: "War and Peace", "Anna Karenina", "Resurrection". In 1901 he was excommunicated.

Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich (1818-1883) - writer, poet, playwright. A classic of Russian literature. The most famous works: "Mumu", "Asya", "Noble nest", "Fathers and Sons".

Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich (1803-1873) - poet. A classic of Russian literature.

Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich (1820-1892) - poet-lyricist, memoirist, translator. A classic of Russian literature. Author of numerous romantic poems. Translated by Juvenal, Goethe, Catullus.

Khomyakov Alexey Stepanovich (1804-1860) - poet, philosopher, theologian, artist.

Chernyshevsky Nikolai Gavrilovich (1828-1889) - writer, philosopher, literary critic. Author of the novels "What is to be done?" and "Prologue", as well as stories "Alferiev", "Small stories".

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (1860-1904) - writer, playwright. A classic of Russian literature. Author of the plays "The Cherry Orchard", "Three Sisters", "Uncle Vanya" and numerous short stories. Conducted a population census on Sakhalin Island.

Now the current generation sees everything clearly, marvels at the delusions, laughs at the folly of their ancestors, not in vain that this chronicle is strewn with heavenly fire, that every letter shouts in it, that a piercing finger is directed at him, at him, at the current generation from everywhere; but the current generation laughs and arrogantly, proudly begins a series of new delusions, which the descendants will also laugh at later. "Dead Souls"

Nestor Vasilievich Kukolnik (1809 - 1868)
For what? As if inspiration
Will fall in love with the given subject!
As if a true poet
Sell ​​your imagination!
I am a slave, a day laborer, I am a huckster!
I owe you, sinner, for gold,
For your insignificant piece of silver
Pay with divine payment!
"Improvisation I"

Literature is a language that expresses everything that a country thinks, what it wants, what it knows and what it wants and should know.

In the hearts of the simple, the feeling of the beauty and grandeur of nature is stronger, more alive a hundred times than in us, enthusiastic storytellers in words and on paper."Hero of our time"

And everywhere there is sound, and everywhere there is light,
And all the worlds have one beginning,
And there is nothing in nature,
That would not breathe love.

In days of doubt, in days of painful thoughts about the fate of my homeland - you alone are my support and support, oh great, mighty, truthful and free Russian language! If it weren't for you, how not to fall into despair at the sight of everything that is happening at home? But one cannot believe that such a language was not given to a great people!
Poems in prose, "Russian language"

So, completing his dissolute escape,
Thorny snow flies from naked fields,
Driven by an early, violent blizzard,
And, stopping in the forest wilderness,
Gathers in silver silence
Deep and cold bed.

Listen: it's a shame!
It's time to get up! You know yourself
What time has come;
In whom the sense of duty has not cooled down,
Who is incorruptibly straight with his heart,
In whom is the gift, strength, accuracy,
Tom should not sleep now ...
"Poet and Citizen"

Really, here too, they will not allow and will not allow the Russian organism to develop nationally, by its organic strength, and certainly impersonally, servilely imitating Europe? But what to do with the Russian organism then? Do these gentlemen understand what an organism is? Separation, “split off” from their country leads to hatred, these people hate Russia, so to speak, naturally, physically: for the climate, for the fields, for the forests, for the order, for the liberation of the peasant, for Russian history, in a word, for everything, for everything they hate.

Spring! the first frame is exposed -
And the noise rushed into the room,
And the gospel of the nearby temple,
And the talk of the people, and the sound of the wheel ...

Well, what are you afraid, pray tell! Now every grass, every flower rejoices, but we are hiding, we are afraid, as if we are in trouble! The storm will kill! This is not a thunderstorm, but grace! Yes, grace! You are all thunderstorm! The northern lights will light up, one should admire and marvel at the wisdom: "the dawn rises from midnight countries"! And you are horrified and come up with: for war or for pestilence. Whether a comet is coming, I would not take my eyes off! Beauty! The stars have already taken a closer look, they are all the same, and this is a new thing; Well, I would look and admire! And you are afraid even to look at the sky, you are trembling! You scared yourself out of everything. Eh, people! "Thunderstorm"

There is no more enlightening, soul-cleansing feeling than that which a person feels when meeting with a great work of art.

We know to handle loaded rifles with care. And we don’t want to know that we must treat the word in the same way. The word can kill and make evil worse than death.

There is a well-known trick of an American journalist, who, in order to raise a subscription to his magazine, began to publish in other publications the most harsh, impudent attacks on himself from fictitious persons: some in print portrayed him as a swindler and perjurer, others as a thief and murderer, and others as a libertine on a colossal scale. He was not stingy to pay for such friendly advertisements until everyone thought about it - but you can see this curious and remarkable person when everyone is shouting about him like that! - and began to buy up his own newspaper.
"Life in a Hundred Years"

Nikolay Semenovich Leskov (1831 - 1895)
I ... think that I know a Russian person in the very depths of him, and I do not take any credit for this. I did not study the people by talking to Petersburg cabbies, but I grew up among the people, on the Gostomel pasture, with a cauldron in my hand, I slept with him on the dewy grass of the night, under a warm sheepskin sheepskin coat, and in the panin's wicked crowd behind circles of dusty habits ...

Between these two clashing titans - science and theology - there is a stunned public, quickly losing faith in the immortality of man and in any deity, quickly descending to the level of purely animal existence. Such is the picture of an hour illuminated by the shining midday sun of the Christian and scientific era!
"Isis Unveiled"

Sit down, I'm glad to see you. Throw away all fear
And you can keep yourself free
I give you permission. You know the other day
I was elected king by the people,
But it's all the same. Confuse my thought
All these honors, greetings, bows ...
"Crazy"

Gleb Ivanovich Uspensky (1843 - 1902)
- But what do you want abroad? - I asked him at a time when in his room, with the help of a servant, was packing and packing his things to be sent to the Varshavsky railway station.
- Yes, just ... to feel! - he said bewildered and with a kind of dull expression on his face.
"Letters from the Road"

Is it really the point to go through life so as not to hurt anyone? This is not happiness. To touch, break, break, so that life is in full swing. I am not afraid of any accusations, but I am a hundred times more afraid of colorlessness than death.

Verse is the same music, only combined with the word, and it also needs a natural ear, a sense of harmony and rhythm.

You get a strange feeling when, by lightly pressing your hand, you make such a mass rise and fall at will. When such a mass obeys you, you feel the power of man ...
"Meeting"

Vasily Vasilievich Rozanov (1856 - 1919)
The feeling of the Motherland should be strict, restrained in words, not spoken, not talkative, not "waving his arms" and not running forward (to appear). The feeling of the Motherland should be a great ardent silence.
"Solitary"

And what is the secret of beauty, what is the mystery and charm of art: whether in a conscious, inspired victory over torment or in the unconscious longing of the human spirit, which sees no way out of the circle of vulgarity, squalor, or thoughtlessness and is tragically condemned to seem complacent or hopelessly false.
"Sentimental Memory"

Since my birth I have lived in Moscow, but by God I don’t know where Moscow came from, why it, why, why, what it needs. In the Duma, at meetings, I, along with others, talk about the urban economy, but I do not know how many miles there are in Moscow, how many people there are, how many are born and die, how much we get and spend, how much and with whom we trade ... Which city is richer: Moscow or London? If London is richer, then why? And the jester knows him! And when a question is raised in the Duma, I shudder and the first to start shouting: “Transfer to the commission! To the commission! "

Everything is new in the old way:
The modern poet
Into a metaphorical outfit
Poetic speech is dressed.

But others are not an example for me,
And my charter is simple and strict.
My verse is a pioneer boy
Lightly dressed, bare-legged.
1926

Under the influence of Dostoevsky, as well as foreign literature, Baudelaire and Edgar Poe, my fascination began not with decadence, but with symbolism (even then I already understood their difference). The collection of poems, published at the very beginning of the 90s, I titled "Symbols". It seems that I was the first to use this word in Russian literature.

Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov (1866 - 1949)
Running of changeable phenomena
Past the soaring ones, speed up:
Merge into one sunset of accomplishments
With the first brilliance of gentle dawns.
From lower reaches of life to origins
Observe in a single moment:
Into one face with a clever eye
Take your doubles.
Unchanged and wonderful
Gift of the Blessed Muse:
In the spirit, the form of slender songs,
There is life and heat in the heart of the songs.
"Thoughts on Poetry"

I have a lot of news. And all are good. I'm lucky". It is written to me. I want to live, live, live forever. If you knew how many new poems I wrote! More than a hundred. It was crazy, a fairy tale, new. I am publishing a new book, not at all like the previous ones. She will surprise many. I changed my understanding of the world. No matter how funny my phrase sounds, I will say: I understood the world. For many years, perhaps forever.
K. Balmont - L. Vilkina

Man - that's the truth! Everything is in a person, everything is for a person! There is only man, all the rest is the work of his hands and his brain! Person! It's great! It sounds ... proud!

"At the bottom"

I am sorry to create something useless and unnecessary to anyone now. A collection, a book of poetry at this time is the most useless, unnecessary thing ... I do not want to say that poetry is not needed. On the contrary, I argue that poetry is necessary, even necessary, natural and eternal. There was a time when everyone seemed to need whole books of poetry, when they were read completely, everyone understood and accepted. Time is the past, not ours. The modern reader does not need a collection of poems!

Language is the history of a people. Language is the path of civilization and culture. That is why the study and preservation of the Russian language is not an idle occupation with nothing to do, but an urgent need.

What nationalists and patriots these internationalists become when they need it! And with what arrogance they mock "frightened intellectuals" - as if there is absolutely no reason to be frightened - or over "frightened philistines", as if they have some great advantages over "philistines." And who, in fact, are these ordinary people, "prosperous bourgeoisie"? And who and what do the revolutionaries care about, in general, if they so despise the average person and his welfare?
"Cursed Days"

In the struggle for their ideal of "freedom, equality and fraternity", citizens must use means that do not contradict this ideal.
"Governor"

“Let your soul be whole or split, let the world outlook be mystical, realistic, skeptical, or even idealistic (if you are so unhappy), let the creative techniques be impressionistic, realistic, naturalistic, the content - lyrical or fabulistic, let there be a mood, an impression - whatever you want, but, I beg you, be logical - may this cry of my heart be forgiven! - logical in concept, in the construction of the work, in syntax. "
Art is born in homelessness. I wrote letters and stories addressed to a distant unknown friend, but when a friend came, art gave way to life. I'm talking, of course, not about home comfort, but about life, which means more art.
"You and me. Love diary"

An artist cannot do more than open his soul to others. You can’t show him the rules drawn up in advance. He is a still unknown world, where everything is new. We must forget what captivated others, here is different. Otherwise, you will listen and you will not hear, you will look without understanding.
From the treatise by Valery Bryusov "On Art"

Alexey Mikhailovich Remizov (1877 - 1957)
Well, let her rest, she was worn out - they tortured her, worried. And as soon as daylight rises, the shopkeeper starts to fold her goods, grabs the blanket, goes, pulls out this soft bedding from under the old woman: wakes the old woman up, raises her to her feet: not dawn, if you please get up. It's nothing you can do. In the meantime - our grandmother, our Kostroma, our mother, Russia! "

"Swirling Russia"

Art never speaks to the crowd, to the masses, it speaks to an individual person, in the deep and hidden recesses of his soul.

Mikhail Andreevich Osorgin (Ilyin) (1878 - 1942)
How strange / ... / How many cheerful and cheerful books there are, how many brilliant and witty philosophical truths - but there is nothing more consoling than Ecclesiastes.

Babkin dared, - read Seneca
And whistling the carcasses,
Took it to the library
Noting in the margin: "Nonsense!"
Babkin, friend, is a harsh critic,
Have you ever thought
What a legless paralytic
A light chamois is not a decree? ..
"Reader"

The critic's word about the poet must be objectively concrete and creative; the critic, while remaining a scientist, is a poet.

"Poetry of the word"

It is only worth thinking about great things, only big tasks should a writer set for himself; put it boldly, without being embarrassed by your personal small forces.

Boris Konstantinovich Zaitsev (1881 - 1972)
“It’s true, there are both devil and watery ones,” I thought, looking in front of me, “and maybe some other spirit also lives here… A mighty northern spirit that enjoys this savagery; maybe real northern fauns and healthy, blond women wander in these forests, devour cloudberries and lingonberries, laugh and chase each other. "
"North"

You need to be able to close a boring book ... leave a bad movie ... and part with people who do not value you!

Out of modesty, I hesitate to point out the fact that on my birthday the bells were rung and there was general popular rejoicing. Evil tongues associated this jubilation with some big holiday that coincided with the day of my birth, but I still don’t understand why there was any other holiday?

That was the time when love, good and healthy feelings were considered vulgar and a relic; no one loved, but everyone was thirsty and, like poisoned, fell to everything sharp, tearing the insides.
"The Road to Calvary"

Kornei Ivanovich Chukovsky (Nikolai Vasilievich Korneichukov) (1882 - 1969)
- Well, what's wrong, - I say to myself, - at least in a short word for now? After all, the exact same form of farewell to friends is also in other languages, and there it does not shock anyone. The great poet Walt Whitman, shortly before his death, said goodbye to his readers with a touching poem “So long!”, Which means “Bye!” In English. The French a bientot has the same meaning. There is no rudeness here. On the contrary, this form is filled with the most amiable courtesy, because this (approximately) meaning was compressed here: be well and happy until we see you again.
"Alive as life"

Switzerland? This is a mountain pasture of tourists. I've traveled all over the world myself, but I hate these ruminant bipeds with a Badaker instead of a tail. They chewed up all the beauties of nature with their eyes.
"Island of the lost ships"

Everything that I have written and will write, I consider only mental rubbish and I do not honor my literary merits for anything. And I am surprised and perplexed why seemingly smart people find some meaning and value in my poems. Thousands of poems, whether mine or those of the poets I know in Russia, are not worth one chant of my bright mother.

I am afraid that Russian literature has only one future: its past.
The article "I'm afraid"

For a long time we have been looking for such a task, similar to lentils, so that the combined rays of the labor of artists and the labor of thinkers directed by it to a common point would meet in common work and could light even the cold substance of ice to turn into a fire. Now such a task - the lentils that channel your stormy courage and the cold mind of thinkers together - has been found. This goal is to create a common written language ...
"Artists of the World"

He adored poetry, in his judgments he tried to be impartial. He was surprisingly young in soul, and perhaps also in mind. He always seemed like a child to me. There was something childish in his shaved head under a typewriter, in his bearing, more gymnasium than military. He liked to portray an adult, like all children. He loved to play in the "master", in the literary leadership of his "humiliates", that is, the little poets and poetesses who surrounded him. Poetic kids loved him very much.
Khodasevich, "Necropolis"

I, I, I. What a wild word!
Is that one over there - is it me?
Did mom love this
Yellow-gray, semi-gray
And omniscient as a snake?
You have lost your Russia.
Did he oppose the element
Good for the elements of gloomy evil?
Not? So shut up: led away
Your fate is not without reason
To the edges of an unkind foreign land.
What's the use of groaning and grieving -
Russia must be earned!
"What you need to know"

I never stopped writing poetry. For me, they are my connection with time, with the new life of my people. When I wrote them, I lived by the rhythms that sounded in the heroic history of my country. I am happy that I lived during these years and saw events that had no equal.

All people sent to us are our reflection. And they are sent so that we, looking at these people, correct our mistakes, and when we correct them, these people either also change or leave our lives.

In the wide field of Russian literature in the USSR, I was the only literary wolf. I was advised to dye the skin. Ridiculous advice. Whether a dyed wolf or a shorn wolf, he still does not look like a poodle. They treated me like a wolf. And for several years they drove me according to the rules of a literary cage in a fenced yard. I have no malice, but I am very tired ...
From a letter from M.A.Bulgakov to I.V. Stalin, May 30, 1931.

When I die, my descendants will ask my contemporaries: "Did you understand Mandelstam's poems?" - "No, we did not understand his poetry." "Did you feed Mandelstam, did you give him shelter?" - "Yes, we fed Mandelstam, we gave him shelter." - "Then you are forgiven."

Ilya Grigorievich Erenburg (Eliyahu Gershevich) (1891 - 1967)
Maybe go to the House of Press - there is one sandwich with chum caviar and a debate - "about proletarian choir reading", or to the Polytechnic Museum - there are no sandwiches, but twenty-six young poets are reading their poems about the "locomotive mass." No, I will sit on the stairs, shivering from the cold and dream that all this is not in vain, that, sitting here on the step, I am preparing the distant sunrise of the Renaissance. I dreamed both simply and in poetry, and it turned out boring iambics.
"The Extraordinary Adventures of Julio Jurenito and His Students"

With the help of literature, a person finds himself in a completely different, fairy-tale world or in the world of detectives and investigations or fantastic adventures! Let's go with you, today we look at ten of the greatest writers of the 20th century who have captured the hearts of millions of readers around the world.

Camus has no equal in philosophical aesthetics. The most popular of his books are: "The Rebellious Man", "The Myth of Sisyphus", they brought the writer worldwide fame. In his books, the hero reflects on life, on its sedateness and rebellion, on defeat and victory, on gain and loss. The reader, together with the author, reflects on the futility of being and the joy of life.

In his books, Frisch wrote about people who live in their own world and try to build a bridge to reality, make attempts to find solid support and ground under their feet. Frisch's writings are calm and measured, like life in Switzerland. And the main action takes place in the heads of the characters of the writer.

Isaac worked in Yiddish, the language that dies. Undoubtedly, there is some kind of writing approach and rock in this. Bashevis-Singer is a Nobel Prize winner. His books have been translated into dozens of languages. And his stories of love and friendship, betrayal and loyalty in many ways echo the life of modern Jews, but differ from their history.

Borges is a genius of mystery, puzzle and detective. Monstrous labyrinths, huge libraries and a hero who does something that wanders through them in search of reality ...

Great American humanist in the sense of literature! “A man will withstand whatever happens” - Faulkner's main credo, he constantly repeated it and always adhered to. In his books it really is, no one ever gives up, everyone goes to the end!

Master of short stories and aphorisms. Deeply unhappy person who committed suicide. He himself did not recognize himself as a great writer and did not strive to be famous. Ryunosuke has said more than once that he does not have special technologies and something extraordinary, he just lives and feels. Anyway, it was recognized by the readers. The writer became the founder of modern Japanese literature, widely known in the West.

Kafka did not write much, but he is one of the most popular writers, for sure because his stories are very engaging and interesting. His characters are ordinary people who live an ordinary life, but notice something absolutely extraordinary and fantastic. They are so addicted to this that it is already difficult for them to distinguish between reality and fantasy.

Ulysses is undoubtedly the most famous book of the 20th century. This book is about an ordinary Dubliner, who in 24 hours passed, almost that of the entire Homeric Odyssey. Surprisingly, how was Joyce called, and a maniac, and a hermit, a fugitive, an exile, etc. The life of a writer alone is the most interesting book, how could such a person write something mediocre.

“A Man Without Properties” is a book about each of us, the most famous book by Robert Musil. You must admit that we often have periods in our life when we simply observe how someone makes a revolution, makes coups, makes history with their own hands. But should observation and inaction be a virtue, and rebellion and protest will lead to disaster? Yes, that's what Musil would answer ... This book is about the tragedy of being and an ironic attitude towards it.

The books "Buddenbrooks", "The Magic Mountain", "Joseph and His Brothers" and "Doctor Faustus" brought fame to this German writer. Mann is a writer who has made a reader fall in love with him who enjoys complex and confusing literature. By uncharted paths, he leads us to one gorge, then to another huge abyss. A person reading his works longs to reach the end and gain clarity, but in the end comes to another cliff ...

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The fate of Russian writers of the 20th century is dramatic, since it was then that literature in our country first became a truly influential force that could be directed in one way or another, depending on the political situation. And this circumstance, to one degree or another, affected the life and creative path of each of the Russian writers, including the most venerable and seemingly favored by the authorities, such as, for example, Maxim Gorky, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Mikhail Sholokhov. Russian writers of the 20th century were inevitably faced with the problem of moral choice in a situation where they had to either sacrifice honor or remain "overboard."

The era in which they worked was marked by the most complex and contradictory events. The country has gone through three revolutions, one civil and two world wars, national tragedies of an unprecedented scale - collectivization and the "Red Terror". Some of the writers were willingly or unwillingly drawn into the whirlpool of these events. Others, however, moved away, avoided participating in the social struggle. But both of them are children of their time, who experienced a painful spiritual drama together with their homeland. In these unthinkable conditions, writers were called to fulfill their main mission - to pose before the reader "eternal" questions about life and death, about human destiny, about what is truth and justice, memory and duty.

Thus, the work of the best Russian writers of the 20th century is the pain of suffering for the fate of the Fatherland and native culture, the natural development of which was forcibly interrupted, distorted.

The culture, which, in the fury of the new nihilism, in the devilry of the Berlioz, Shvonders and ball-type, who had broken through to power, was in mortal danger, was the great value of the bottom of Mikhail Bulgakov. He was acutely aware of the tragedy of spiritual unconsciousness, of a self-righteous desire to improve human nature according to his own understanding and whim.

Spirituality, perplexity with the meaning of life, the "damned questions" of being - these are the characteristic features of the positive characters he created, among which the first, of course, should be called the master, the hero of Bulgakov's immortal novel. His fate reflects the bitter and worthy of the highest respect the fate of Bulgakov himself.

Homeless, homeless heroes of the novel "The Master and Margarita" become objects of harassment, denunciations, arrests, and betrayal. Their fate is typical and, unfortunately, natural in the described society. They live at odds with the world around them, in spite of it, according to their own, internal logic. The Master and Bulgakov know their business, see the meaning and purpose of their work, and recognize themselves as executors of a special social mission. And therefore they have no place in the country of "victorious socialism" - neither as writers, nor as thinkers, nor as individuals.

Mikhail Bulgakov shared the fate of many Russian writers who died unknown, but by the end of the century they became famous and read, with the publication of their works they received a second birth. Andrei Platonov, Mikhail Bulgakov, Osip Mandelstam ... They are interesting primarily not because of their belonging to the literary workshop - they are, first of all, spiritually free, internally independent personalities. They were helped to create by the belief that "manuscripts do not burn." These writers created their works in accordance only with their own conscience and universal human ideas about morality.

They created without “stepping on the throat of their own song,” and therefore their destinies evoke infinite respect in us.

It is very gratifying to know that a good book can be found not only among the writings of the 18th and 19th century writers. Very often, to find worthy material for reading, we turn to the works of the best writers of the 20th century.

20th century literature

Today, there is an opportunity to get acquainted with almost any book written by one of the most famous writers of the 20th century. Foreign literature beckons with its fantastic worlds and intriguing detective stories. At the same time, the works of Russian authors are more directed towards the soul. Many Russian writers of the 20th century have a worldwide reputation. Here are some of the foreign writers whose contribution to the development of literature is worthily appreciated by readers.

Mark Millar

Mark Millar is the favorite writer of many teenagers around the world. This is a famous comic book author. He has already delighted the world with his famous works: "Iron Man", "Wanted", the cycle "X-Men" and many others. Almost all the results of his work have become subjects for many modern films. Writers of the 20th century adopted this author, and now he is one of the most successful writers of the 21st century.

Stephen King

Stephen King is one of the most recognized horror writers. Of course, this American writer was engaged in writing not only thrillers, but they brought him worldwide fame. The books written by King are easy to read and quickly drawn into their atmosphere. Only one "Dreamcatcher" is worth something. In any case, writers of the 20th century are happy to have such a well-aimed arrow in their ranks with words.

Ernest Hemingway

The 1954 Nobel Prize laureate, Ernest Hemingway is an adventure classic. The author's masterpieces often appear in the school curriculum, and books in considerable quantities adorn any library. He greatly influenced practically all the literature of our time. Many writers of the 20th century respect this author and often consider him their ideal.

Arthur Conan Doyle

Today we can enjoy reading the world masterpiece "Sherlock Holmes" thanks to the writer Arthur Conan Doyle. This brilliant master of the pen is believed by many to be the best English writers of the 20th century can imagine. The writer has published many of his books, among which there are such famous works as "Waterloo", "Angels of Darkness" and many others. The writer was a friend of H.G. Wells, but perceived his genre as completely opposite to the one in which he worked himself. Nevertheless, the works of both great writers are considered world heritage.

Russians writers 20 century

In the 20th century, writers in Russia had a hard time. The era was not calm. She was filled with anxiety in anticipation of the inevitable change. Hard fates awaited almost all people of art, including writers. But even

this state of affairs was used to convey the experiences of the readers. And it really worked. Today you can enjoy a variety of really good books written by 20th century writers who lived in Russia. The number of such writers is really large, and it is difficult to single out someone - after all, many of them have written really good books.

Alexander Kuprin

I would like to dwell on the work of the famous Russian writer Alexander Kuprin. His story "The Duel", which was published at the very beginning of the 20th century, had a great success. Many of his works have been collected in collections. They are very popular.