Sections of the production instructions for the operation of equipment. Standard production instructions: description of the technological process, fire safety, labor protection at the enterprise

A production instruction is an operational document of an organization intended for operating personnel of dangerous production facility, which specifies the procedure for performing labor functions of employees when carrying out professional activities.

In accordance with the Regulations on the organization of training and testing of knowledge of working organizations supervised by the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision, given in the order of Rostechnadzor “On the procedure for training and certification of employees of organizations supervised by the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision” 29.01. 2007 No. 37", workers of organizations operating hazardous production facilities periodically undergo knowledge testing of production instructions at least once every 12 months.

The requirement for the presence and content of production instructions is established by federal norms and regulations, governing documents of the industry, organization, taking into account the peculiarities of the operation of hazardous production facilities and operated equipment and machines, as well as in individual regulations and guidance letters of Rostechnadzor.

Production instructions should be developed by heads of structural divisions, technologists, engineers, leading specialists of production workshops and areas, the chief engineer service, technical and technical department, etc. The production instructions are approved by the manager or technical manager of the organization operating hazardous production facilities. If necessary, amendments and additions must be made to the instructions, or the document must be re-issued, and the previous instructions must be canceled by order of the manager. All information about changes or the introduction of new instructions must be communicated to employees in writing. Amendments are made when federal rules and regulations are adopted or amended.

Standard Manufacturing Instructions

There is no single approved standard form of production instructions. Its development is the responsibility of the organization operating the hazardous production facility. The structure of the production instructions, as a rule, includes the following sections:

1. General provisions about the organization.
2. Information about a hazardous production facility.
3. Information on certification of specialists and training of workers in the field industrial safety, data on the frequency of briefings.
4. Management hierarchy, with indicated relationships and subordination with various departments and services of the organization, adjacent workplaces, diagram organizational structure organizations affecting the entire process of the production cycle, from the stage of development of the PPR to the decommissioning of equipment and its conservation.
5. Rights, duties, responsibilities and subordination of workers involved in the production cycle
6. The procedure for accepting and handing over duties.
7. Description of the production cycle. Information about technological schemes and technological regime standards.
8. Starting and stopping equipment.
9. Actions in case of unauthorized shutdowns of equipment - a detailed indication of possible deviations from the regulated technological regime and methods for eliminating each of them.
10. Emergency stop of equipment. Possible consequences emergency shutdown of equipment and ways to overcome significant material damage.
11. The procedure for providing first aid to victims at work. Evacuation routes.
12. Basic techniques for safe technological operations.
13. Technological maps, working drawings, etc.
14. Description of the workplace.
15. The procedure for making changes and additions to production instructions.

Probably every old driver of a domestic car has an instruction manual. As a rule, this is a slightly disheveled book, swollen with moisture, oily, smelling of gasoline, and the bookmark for it is the gearbox head gasket. This book tells you what devices and components are included with the car, what to do if strange odors or knocking noises appear, what this may be connected with, and what danger this poses to the car (and the driver). If the driver encounters difficulties, he opens this book, looks at the electrical diagram or wiring diagram in order to determine where the problem begins. The car is a mass-assembled product, and the manufacturer, in the operating manual, lists possible breakdowns and the reasons for their occurrence that have occurred to car owners previously, with other series, with other modifications.

The same thing happens with production instructions. The equipment is factory-made, certified, and the entire series is sold to equipment consumers in different industries, cities, and climatic zones, in different skillful and crazy hands, therefore, the equipment operating manual cannot indicate all possible breakdowns, typical, for example, for organizations operating hazardous production facilities in the permafrost zone, or, on the contrary, in desert sandy steppes.

Therefore, who, if not those who operate hazardous production facilities in local, specific conditions, can know better than the manufacturer How the equipment will behave in a specific situation, what dangers await those who live near the hazardous production facility, also depends on the wind rose and the topography - a remote mountain village enriched with oxygen, or a swampy lowland with methane.

If an enterprise is engaged in coking or hydrogenation of coal, where methane emissions are possible, and there is a possibility of a methane explosion - the main danger of methane, in the production instructions, in the section "Emergency situations" it must be stated: workers must be immediately removed from underground workings above 0.7 vol.% , and the premises must be ventilated. Therefore, the main preventative measure against preventing methane emissions is the presence of excellent ventilation in the mine. Since methane is inert and slightly soluble in water, the production instructions should indicate: for personal protection it is necessary to use PDU-3, ShSS-TM, SIP-1, SPI-20, ShSS-T and so on, all these self-rescuers absorb exhaled moist air from the mouth and produce life-saving oxygen from saliva by reacting with carbon dioxide.

If the enterprise is not associated with possible methane emissions, then in this case it will be effective to use filter gas masks. And in developments with possible poisoning and a methane explosion, filter gas masks, like a poultice for the dead, are useless.

the specifics of technological maintenance are better known locally. And this experience, coupled with the manufacturer’s as-built documentation, should be used in the development of production instructions. During an emergency, the employee will not have time to leaf through the multi-page work; he will need to look at the instructions and follow the instructions. This is the task of the production instructions - to be a guide for the performer.

Production instructions are drawn up for each profession of workers operating hazardous production facilities.

In clause 26 of the Regulations on the organization of training and testing of knowledge of working organizations supervised by the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision, approved. Order of Rostechnadzor dated January 29, 2007 No. 37 states that in organizations that carry out the construction, operation, reconstruction, technical re-equipment, conservation and liquidation of hazardous production facilities; electric power facility; a facility where electrical, thermal installations and networks, hydraulic structures, manufacturing, installation, adjustment, maintenance and repair are operated technical devices(machinery and equipment) used at facilities, transportation hazardous substances, production instructions must be approved.

The FNP in the field of industrial safety "Safety Rules for Gas Distribution and Gas Consumption Networks", approved by Order of Rostechnadzor dated November 15, 2013 No. 542, provides approximate requirements for the content of production instructions.

• description and characteristics of the product as a result of the technological operation under consideration;
• description technological process;
• requirements for technological equipment used for this operation. List and description of control systems, automation, measurements, alarm systems;
  - description of operations for starting up and putting equipment into operation, for servicing equipment during operation, when stopping equipment and activities during scheduled repairs;
  - a list of possible equipment malfunctions and troubleshooting measures.
• requirements for production equipment. Start-up procedure after commissioning. Operating procedure in idle mode. Start-up procedure after major overhaul.
• methods and methods of production control. Instrumentation and automation
• characteristics of the raw materials, components, materials, and workpieces used.
• Actions in emergency situations. Characteristics of the damaging effect of a fire or explosion of the raw materials and components used, and methods for neutralizing it.

The methodological basis for the production instructions is the executive documentation (diagrams, drawings, user manual, product passport, complaints, etc. of the manufacturer of this equipment, taking into account the profile of the production facility, specific requirements for the operation of the equipment, technical devices, raw materials used, loading, shifts.

Contents of production instructions

After introducing and characterizing a hazardous production facility, the developer of the production instructions must indicate the following data in the instructions:

1. Type and types of equipment. Main characteristics and purpose.
2. Requirements for production personnel.
3. Responsibilities of personnel while on duty to monitor and control the operation of the production line;
4. The procedure for checking the serviceability of serviced technological lines and related equipment in working condition;
5. Procedure, timing and methods for checking fittings, safety devices, automatic protection and alarm devices;
6. The procedure for starting up and stopping (terminating work) of equipment;
7. Safety measures when operating equipment. Actions of personnel during emergency response.
8. Cases requiring immediate shutdown of equipment, provided for by federal standards and industrial safety regulations, as well as others due to the specific operation of the equipment. The procedure for emergency shutdown and reduction of pressure to atmospheric pressure, or, for example, gas contamination to an acceptable level, is established depending on the specific switching circuit of the equipment and the technological process;
9. Actions of personnel during emergency response;
10. The procedure for maintaining a shift log (registering reception and handing over of duty, checking the record by the person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of the equipment).

Persons who have passed a preliminary medical examination, periodic medical examination, and have no contraindications to the work, must be at least 18 years old, and have been trained in occupational health and industrial safety, safe methods and techniques for performing work must be allowed to carry out equipment maintenance work , first aid in case of accidents at work, introductory and initial instruction on labor protection in the workplace, on-the-job training and testing of knowledge of labor protection requirements, safe methods and techniques for performing work;

Workers engaged in servicing hazardous production facilities must be provided with appropriate protective clothing, safety footwear and other equipment. personal protection according to their profession and the work they perform in accordance with the Model Industry Standards for the free issuance of workwear, safety footwear and other personal protective equipment.

Testing knowledge of production instructions

Employees periodically undergo testing of knowledge of this production instruction at least once every 12 months. Before testing knowledge, classes, lectures, seminars, and consultations are organized.

An extraordinary knowledge test is carried out:

• when moving to another organization;
• in case of changes to production instructions;
• by order of officials territorial bodies Federal service on environmental, technological and nuclear supervision during the performance of their official duties in cases where insufficient knowledge of the instructions is revealed.

If there is a break in work in their specialty for more than 12 months, after testing their knowledge before admission to independent work undergo an internship to restore practical skills.

Admission to independent work is issued by order of the organization. Permission of personnel to independently maintain equipment is formalized by an order (instruction) for the organization or workshop.

The production instructions must be located at the workplace and issued against signature to the service personnel. The worker must sign for receipt of a copy of the production instructions in a free-form journal. A backup set of production instructions must be placed on the stand. Equipment switching diagrams must be posted at workplaces and be clearly visible. All records must be constantly updated to prevent unauthorized actions by personnel in emergency situations.

Maintenance (technical support) is carried out throughout the entire life of the equipment. Additionally, if questions arise, ongoing technical consultations of the operating personnel are carried out by specialists from the manufacturer. Recommendations for equipment maintenance are given in passports and accompanying technical documents, which are integral part manufacturer's documentation.

For a quick solution technical issues related to the operation of hazardous production facilities:

• the order appointed responsible employees for the operation of the equipment__________
• list of regulatory technical documentation, according to which personnel are trained in regional centers the manufacturer is located at the stand in ______________________;
• recommendations for drawing up work instructions for operating equipment;
• organized maintenance of current operational documentation, logs of equipment operating hours, reflection of equipment operating parameters;
• the production instructions take into account the manufacturer's recommendations on the conditions for ensuring safe operation of the equipment;
• an emergency response plan has been drawn up.

To maintain the equipment in good condition, the operating organization is obliged to carry out repairs in a timely manner, in accordance with the schedule. During repairs, the labor and industrial safety requirements set out in industry rules and instructions must be observed.

Good day everyone!
Well, it’s clear that there should be instructions on labor protection when operating this or that equipment. But an expression like “Set of instructions for operating equipment” is somehow annoying. As for me, the safety instructions for the operation of equipment should, in any case, include the rules and regulations for the operation of equipment - so why then make a parallel “Talmud”.
Or, for example, the concept - production instructions - should also, in theory, contain all the rules and regulations for the operation of equipment.
Then it turns out already THREE type of instructions in one set of documentation about the same thing.......... I don’t understand anything??????
Please explain for “(particularly dull)” Are there any government institutions approved concepts and standards for the quantity and content of documentation. Otherwise, for our labor protection, in my opinion, the more documentation the better

How can I decipher the three expressions in detail:


3 - Equipment operating instructions......

alex56 13 June 2013 - 17:17

• Orenburg

Types and number of instructions in production

1 - Instructions for labor protection when operating this or that equipment....

Well it is clear...

2 - Manufacturing instructions......

Operator's instructions for operating this equipment - often there are also different local regimes and regulations... directly related to production... not maintenance...

3 - Equipment operating instructions......

Usually the equipment manufacturer's instructions, which include general (without local realities) production and everything else - technical characteristics, limit modes, regulations for maintenance, lubrication, replacement of wearable parts, repairs, assembly and disassembly procedures... etc. with all this...

Why do you need this? question vector? Certification?

Ginseng 13 June 2013 - 17:30

• City: Dzerzhinka city
• Name: Evgeny Shevelev

Types and number of instructions in production

for our labor protection, in my opinion, the more documentation the better

well, like this Golden Rule“The more paper, the cleaner the ass” (both literally and figuratively) has not yet been canceled.
On this topic. In our tent (a very serious office) the instructions were called something like this: " Working instructions according to the rules of work when..." followed by the name of the operation and a listing of the equipment on which this operation was carried out. Included detailed description the procedure for performing work, the rules for operating this equipment and the requirements for health and safety, i.e., “three in one”. There were about forty to fifty such Talmuds in our area alone, and I, the then shift foreman, was supposed to give all the workers a monthly briefing against signature. This was twenty years ago, now, probably, if anything has changed, it has changed a little. If this is off topic, please excuse me.

Anatoly D. 13 June 2013 - 22:08

• City: SK p. Zaterechny

Types and number of instructions in production

Why do you need this? question vector? Certification?

No........e
It’s like putting the documentation in order................... I’m trying to figure it out so as not to burden the student, but at the same time not to give a reason (to compassionate HSE engineers) refute my "good intentions".
Example - I am drawing up an instruction (PRODUCTIONAL - as I called it) that briefly, specifically indicates the action of the driver - (without unnecessary things) they tell me this is nonsense. All the “examples” that I looked at are 95% “pouring from empty to empty” and it is useless to argue. That’s why I turned to the WORLD for specific, clear templates with strictly defined points

1) Having taken over the shift, the compressor unit operator is obliged to:

• Read the entries in the logbook.
• Carry out an external inspection of the compressors for malfunctions and integrity of the ground connection;
• Check the reliability of fastening of the protective covers;
• Check for lack of pressure in stages 1 – 2;
• Check for foreign objects on the VC;

• Turn on the power supply to the VK control panels using switches SA-1;
• Operating mode control switches SA-2, set to AVT position;

3) While the VK is operating in automatic mode, the driver is obliged to:

• Monitor the oil pressure in the VK circulating lubrication system;
• Monitor the air pressure in stages 1 - 2;
• Monitor the absence and appearance of extraneous noise during compressor operation;
• Inspect for air and oil leaks.

• On the control panel of the failed VC, set switch SA-2 to the middle position (off);
• Turn off the power supply to the control panel using switch SA-1 (off);
• Turn off the power supply to the corresponding VC on the switchboard - 1;
• Hang signs on ShchP - 1 and the corresponding VK - DO NOT TURN ON PEOPLE WORKING!;
• Make an appropriate entry in the journal;
• Report the malfunction to the senior mechanic or shift foreman.

alex56 14 June 2013 - 09:06

• Orenburg

Types and number of instructions in production

I’m trying to figure it out so as not to burden the student, but at the same time not to give a reason (to compassionate HSE engineers) to refute my “good intentions.”

It’s in vain that you... And you wrote about the ass... and in general it’s logical - the only time to hammer something into the student’s head is briefings, upon admission, repeated and extraordinary... and this should be used to the maximum...

Use your instructions as intended - as working...

promlyt 14 June 2013 - 10:28

• City: Kyiv
• Name: Yulia Nikolaevna

Types and number of instructions in production

Check the oil level in the crankcase of each compressor;

In this case, it is not clear how to check the oil level and what this level should be. This is written in the equipment operating instructions. So there is already one instruction - an instruction manual. Below are the production instructions. It will not be complete in the form in which you want to present it. Let me explain: a worker will have to read the instruction manual exactly 0.5 times (with good location stars), because there are a lot of things in the instruction manual that are incomprehensible to him. The operation manual describes everything: operation, maintenance, installation, technical specifications, and maintenance. And the worker needs to describe only his part of the work, but with the details arising from the equipment operating manual. So, the production instructions for the driver regarding the oil check point should look like this: check the oil level. To do this, take such and such a probe, lower it to such and such a depth, etc. The oil level is determined by the dipstick in such and such a way and should be no less (no more) than such and such a mark. We get the 2nd instruction - production. Now instructions on labor protection. How will a worker measure the oil level? More precisely, should he have some kind of personal protective equipment with him, can he put his hand into this crankcase, etc. We have the 3rd instruction. In order not to create a lot of letters in the production room, they make the following point in the production room: “Follow safety precautions in accordance with the instructions for safety and health regulations No...”.

Anatoly D. 14 June 2013 - 12:16

• City: SK p. Zaterechny

Types and number of instructions in production

To do this, take such and such a probe, lower it to such and such a depth, etc. The oil level is determined by the dipstick in such and such a way and should be no less (no more) than such and such a mark.

Maybe you are right, but a worker who is not admitted to compressors from a culinary school passes exams in his main profession before starting work.

promlyt 14 June 2013 - 12:26

• City: Kyiv
• Name: Yulia Nikolaevna

Types and number of instructions in production

but the worker who was admitted to compressors did not come from a culinary school

So who can argue that the worker is a professional in his field. There are just so many modifications of equipment, and you write instructions for specific equipment located in your production, and coordinate it with the operating manual. It is not a fact that on your compressor the oil level is measured the way a worker was taught in a vocational school.

vladius 14 June 2013 - 19:20

• City: Nevinnomyssk
• Name: Vladimir Petrovich

Types and number of instructions in production

How can I decipher the three expressions in detail:
1 - Instructions for labor protection when operating this or that equipment....
2 - Manufacturing instructions......
3 - Equipment operating instructions......

In fact, there is no generally accepted definition of the term production instructions. Everyone defines it to the extent of their depravity or awareness.
Rather, it is a collective image. This is how it is interpreted OST 64-02-003-2002
List of production
instructions.
"The section provides a list of instructions, the availability of which and the manual
which are mandatory for conducting this technological process, including
number:
1) detailed instructions maintaining the technological process for all workers
places in accordance with the staffing table, including through jobs
professions;
2) instructions on safety precautions, industrial sanitation, fire
safety of production (workshop) or other production units,
if they differ significantly from general characteristics production
(workshop);
3) start-up instructions (when starting new production facilities);
4) plan for liquidation of emergencies and accidents (if production is included
to the list of industries for which the development of such plans is mandatory);
5) instructions for preparing equipment for repair and receiving equipment from
repair, large-scale, permanent production;
6) instructions for use of equipment, measuring instruments and means
automation;
7) floor plan of the industrial building;
instructions for preventing microbial contamination of raw materials and finished products
products during storage and production."
This also includes instructions for interconnection, production control, training, instruction, testing, documentation rules, etc. and so on.
The link in all this variety of local regulatory documents was instructions on occupational safety for workplaces and job descriptions, because they contained lists of instructions that the employee must know and follow.

Anatoly D. 15 June 2013 - 23:48

• City: SK p. Zaterechny

Types and number of instructions in production

In fact, there is no generally accepted definition of the term production instructions. Everyone defines it to the extent of their depravity or awareness.
Rather, it is a collective image.

So I came to the conclusion that every engineer or other dignitary from HSE, he himself comes up with the rules for maintaining documentation. We have, in principle, an HSE standard, but it is also not correctly defined in terms of the specific content and number of instructions. There's like a list recommended OT magazines by department. Also exists too recommended The list regarding technical documentation - there is nothing specific in it either. Based on all this, for some reason OT believes that it depends on the quantity recommended there should be at least twice as many instructions and logs. I agree that EVERYTHING needs to be written down and submitted against signature. So that later you could say, but we warned you... we told you about it... and you - and our responsibility has been lifted == COMPLETE NON-SANE == A person is simply not able to “absorb” such an amount of information; it’s not realistic!
I think there should be reasonable instructions brief - generalized and relating only to the narrow specific activities of the worker. Masters and mechanics must carry out repeated - brief instructions directly according to the type of daily activities and the main responsibilities of his personnel brigades or services. But all kinds of classes, meetings - an hour of safety, conversations on lessons learned from incidents, additional training on civil defense and emergency situations and everything that indirectly concerns workers and for full compliance they must be familiarized - should be carried out by health and safety specialists.
We have already made, at the direction of OT, a list of instructions, the instructions themselves, indicated the points of instructions during briefings (it looks so competent!!!)................... The “auditor” arrived and asked senior master: How many people do you have in your unit???... how long does it take to give everyone instructions??? === and when are you engaged in production???......!!! .......... Power changes, new lists, different briefings, we write down a lot of paper again.... The “Senior Auditor” arrives = everything changes again - this needs to be excluded......, add here.. ......, enter this..... and output this...... Brrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr It turns out infinity!
Behind indication ofOST 64-02-003-2002 Thank you! but he's the same on approval of technological production regulations medicines and their semi-products... but we seem to be more involved in the engineering and oil industries. If they refer to it, they can say that this is not about us.................. Maybe there is something (from the OSTs) that is more specific!?

In many modern companies engaged in the production of goods, in order to optimize the interaction between employees and management, production instructions are issued. They are considered as local regulatory sources that have the same legal force, in particular, with employment contracts. What are the specifics of the relevant instructions? How are they developed?

What is a production instruction?

A production instruction is usually understood as a local legal act that regulates the labor function of an employee, defines a list of his duties, rights, as well as the conditions for liability for certain actions. It can be noted that labor protection at an enterprise involves the compilation by employees of the company responsible for personnel management, along with the document in question, also of such sources as fire safety instructions, labor protection instructions.

All types of noted sources are compiled in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as by virtue of internal corporate standards established at a particular enterprise. Labor protection at an enterprise is a process that requires the greatest attention to the development of the types of documents under consideration.

The production instructions set out the standards that characterize a specific position in the company. Thus, it reflects the rules establishing what work an employee is required to perform and the requirements for the employee’s skill level.

Let us consider in more detail the features of using the documents in question.

Purpose of production instructions

Why does a company need a production instruction? The purpose of this document, if we follow the norms of official sources of law and corporate governance practice, is to ensure regulatory regulation of personnel management in the company. The production instructions regulate:

• key HR issues;
• interaction of employees of various profiles with colleagues and management;
• the procedure for specific specialists to perform labor functions.

The creation of high-quality production instructions allows the company to:

• build an effective system of division of labor in the organization;
• stimulate labor productivity;
• ensure control over the activities of individual employees or their groups;
• increase the level of responsibility of company employees for their own actions in the process of solving problems related to business development.

The presence of production instructions in the internal corporate document flow system allows the company to speed up the process of adapting new employees to the specifics of local production tasks. This contributes to the stability of the process of releasing goods and providing services, stimulates business growth and the development of new promising segments.

Relationship between production instructions and other internal corporate sources

The document in question is quite closely related to other local regulations, which are published at the enterprise. First of all, it should be noted that the production instructions are a source that can be divided into a number of categories. Which ones?

There are sources such as industrial fire safety instructions. It therefore pays special attention to the rules for how employees should respond to a fire threat. It can complement the main production instructions or be published as a separate local source.

There are industrial sanitation instructions. They set out standards that reflect how employees should act in order to maintain the required level of sanitary conditions during their work activities. This document, again, can complement the main one or be published as an independent local source.

In some cases, the source about which we're talking about, can regulate labor functions not by position, but by areas of activity of specialists. For example, production instructions for the operation of electrical installations may be drawn up. There are documents of similar purpose related to other areas of labor protection - not directly related to the labor functions of enterprise employees. Thus, there are production and technical instructions, which in their structure can be close to the operating manuals for certain fixed assets used in production.

The document in question is developed for each position by the company’s HR specialists. For this purpose, a standard production instruction for a particular position can be used, as well as various sources rights. For example - Qualification Handbook, approved by the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation in Resolution No. 37, issued on August 21, 1998. Industry sources of law, recommendations of experts and analysts are often used for these purposes.

Which source should be used to develop the optimal job description, depends on the scale of the enterprise, types of products, characteristics of the organization production process. Requirements for relevant documents put forward by a higher organization, the owners of the company, and investors may also be important.

Production instructions as a source of regulation of the technological process and an employment contract

The production instructions are related to the employee’s employment contract. In some cases, their provisions are duplicated or mutually supplemented. In many companies, HR specialists prefer to include as much as possible of the standards characterizing production instructions, namely, in the employment contract. This is due to their desire to minimize labor costs for document flow: the fewer sources of local standards, the easier it is to organize their accounting.

But this is not always effective. The fact is that in some cases it is necessary to include a description of the technological process in production instructions, while it is sometimes problematic to place the corresponding wording in an employment contract. The technological process is one of the main criteria for distinguishing production instructions from other types of local sources of standards. In order for a company employee to correctly ensure that his work meets the noted criterion, the employer must provide him with the opportunity to familiarize himself with the official source of the requirements for his work function.

If the instructions in question are separate sources, contracts concluded by the company with employees under the Labor Code of the Russian Federation usually indicate a reference to them. It can be noted that both the production instructions and the employment contract have the same legal force from the point of view of the law. If an employee violates the standards that he has undertaken to comply with according to the instructions - including those that characterize the technological process, then the same legal consequences may arise that arise from non-compliance with the provisions of the contract.

Production and job descriptions

So, the production instructions can be used in the company along with other sources on labor protection. Some of them are similar to it, complement it. In particular, the production instructions are very similar to the job description.

In some cases, it is right to consider them as synonyms. To draw up a job description, the same sources of law as noted above can be used. But, in fact, production instructions mainly characterize working positions, and therefore are most often compiled by personnel services industrial enterprises. In the relevant document, a significant place is occupied by the description of the technological process that a company employee must follow as part of the performance of his own labor function.

That is, the scope of application of the document in question is narrower. The production instructions regulate labor activity in industrial companies. In turn, service enterprises are more likely to publish documents of the second type. But from a structural point of view, both will be almost the same.

Structure of production instructions

Let us therefore study the structure in which a typical production instruction can be presented. The document in question most often consists of the following key sections:

• "General provisions".
• « Qualification requirements».
• « Production functions».
• "Responsibilities".
• "Rights".
• "Responsibility".

In some cases, the production instructions are supplemented with other sections - for example, regulating the procedure for rewarding an employee for outstanding achievements in work.

The specified structure of the document, in general, is applicable to the job description. The main delimiting criterion between the corresponding types of documents, as we noted above, is the scope of application.

The procedure for developing production instructions is usually approved by local regulations of the employer company, since such sources of law are not accepted at the official level in the Russian Federation. Let's study the procedure for developing the source in question in more detail.

Features of the development of production instructions

First of all, you can study the question: why does the enterprise need to develop production instructions? As a rule, such a need becomes relevant:

• when the company forms additional staff (for example, in connection with the expansion of production, the opening of new branches);
• with a significant change in the labor function, which is regulated by local standards adopted previously;
• when content changes employment contracts with employees for one reason or another (for example, when modernizing production).

A production instruction is a document that can be recommended for development in a company on the recommendation of a higher structure, experts, or audit companies. The source in question can be formalized as an independent source or approved as an annex to the employee’s contract. In Russian companies, the main types of documents used in the labor protection system (production, job descriptions in particular) are developed using both methods.

But, in general, both procedures are characterized by similar stages. Let's study them in more detail.

First of all, HR specialists work through the textual content of the document. For this purpose, as we noted above, standard production instructions, as well as official sources of law, can be used.

The section of the document that reflects it general provisions, as a rule, does not cause difficulties in design. This part of the instructions is among those characterized by minimal differences when comparing documents developed for different positions or groups of job functions.

Certain nuances characterize the design of the “Qualification Requirements” section. They are most often considered in the context of:

• job responsibilities;
• necessary knowledge of the employee;
• level of education of the specialist and other qualification criteria.

If in the process of creating a document a standard production instruction is used, then the wording that is present in it can quite superficially regulate the specifics of labor functions at a particular enterprise. In this regard, the company's personnel service may need to supplement the relevant standards with those that more effectively reflect the characteristics of the production process in the company. To solve this problem, the help of experts and analysts can be called upon.

The next key section of the document is “Production Functions”. It is necessary to pay special attention to its drafting: as a rule, it is characterized by norms that reflect the specifics of regulating a specific labor function.

For example, industrial instructions for the operation of electrical installations may regulate functions that are very different from those that characterize the work of, for example, a mechanic. This may be due to the specifics of the equipment used by the specialist of the profile for which the document is being drawn up. The mechanic's production instructions will include standards that regulate another labor function in more detail.

The “Responsibilities” section of the instructions is also among those that include language that reflects the specifics of a specific position in the enterprise. For a plumbing equipment maintenance specialist, the responsibilities will be the same, for a worker - different. For example, a plumber is characterized by the functions of ensuring the proper operation of heating and water supply systems, and carrying out timely repairs of the relevant infrastructure. In turn, the worker may be responsible for the correct installation of these systems and checking their initial functionality.

Sections such as “Rights” and “Responsibility,” in turn, may include fairly universal language. The production instructions of a worker, mechanic, or electrical installation specialist may have almost similar standards in terms of the marked sections of the document in question.

The next step in creating production instructions is design. Let's study its features in more detail.

Features of the design of production instructions

When solving the corresponding problem, you can rely on official sources of law - such as, for example, GOST R 6.30-2003. This GOST regulates the procedure for creating internal corporate administrative documentation at enterprises. Basic requirements contained in the corresponding

One of the misconceptions is that many believe that “engineering engineers” draw up job descriptions, and “hard workers” draw up production instructions.

A profession is a skill that is acquired after vocational training, for example, an accountant, radio engineer, HR manager, plumber, welder. They studied, and the result of the training was a diploma or certificate, which states the profession they received. This introduction is necessary in order to understand how to draw up a production instruction and distinguish it from other instructions or determine the information that is indicated in it.

What is a position?

A position is understood as a complex or set of responsibilities that a person hired will have to perform.

An electrician, for example, can be hired as an assistant foreman of fitters,

a radio engineer can hold the position of category 2 design engineer; a personnel manager can be hired as the head of a subscriber room.

For some positions there is no need for training, these are positions such as cleaner, night watchman, watchman and others.

Organizations have staffing tables, consisting specifically of a list of positions. Sometimes, if necessary, the profession is indicated in a separate column. There are cases of coincidence of position and profession.

How to write a production instruction

Each employee upon hiring is charged with certain job responsibilities, which are set out in the job description. Now we have come to the moment of how to draw up production instructions. They are tied to a specific technical or technological process or equipment that the employee will encounter during his work. The employee can be anyone - an engineer or a “hard worker”. The job description gives more extensive concepts, while the production description gives direct actions in a certain situation. For example:

At 8:00 you need to take the shift handover log from the table.

By 8:10 you must fill out the lines that concern you.

Make sure that there is no one near the shield.

Put on rubber gloves and turn the main switch.

Production instructions are drawn up in accordance with Interstate Standards

GOST 3. 1105-84 “Unified system of technological documentation. Forms and rules for preparing general-purpose documents,” which were put into effect by Decree of the USSR State Standard No. 4070 on November 30, 1984. As for the duration of the instructions, you also need to look at GOST. If there are no requirements for the period, then you can set it yourself in the instructions, but if you haven’t set it, then it will be unlimited. The production instructions partially indicate operational instructions as part of the familiarization process with equipment or technology, as well as excerpts from labor protection instructions.