Funds individual protection. Protective properties personal protective equipment of the respiratory system: filtering and isolating gas masks, respirators, additional cartridge kits. The order of use. Safety requirements when working in respiratory protection. Means of skin protection: combined arms protective kit (OZK). Terms of use. Safety requirements at work.

Techniques and methods of protecting personnel from funds mass destruction

1. Personal protective equipment

Personal protective equipment (PPE) are designed to preserve the combat effectiveness of personnel and ensure the fulfillment of a combat mission in the conditions of the enemy's use of weapons of mass destruction, as well as in conditions of exposure to damaging environments arising from the operation and damage of weapons and military equipment.
Timely and skillful use of PPE provides reliable protection against toxic substances (OM), light radiation of nuclear explosions (SIYAV), radioactive dust (RP), radioactive substances (RS), bacterial (biological) aerosols (BA) [bacterial (biological) agents ( BS)], carbon monoxide and allows you to perform certain tasks in an oxygen-deprived environment. PPE also provides short-term protection against fire mixtures and open flames.
Personal protective equipment is classified by purpose and by the method of using them (Scheme 1)

2. Protective properties of personal protective equipment for respiratory organs: filtering and isolating gas masks, respirators, additional cartridge kits. How to use

2.1. Protective properties of filtering gas masks. How to use

The general-purpose filtering gas masks include: small-size gas masks PMG and PMG-2, masked box gas masks PMK and PMK-2.
Combined-arms filtering gas masks are designed to protect the respiratory system, face and eyes from toxic chemicals (TX), RP and BA. In addition, when using film eye protection (PSZG), eye protection is provided from SIYAV.
The principle of operation of gas masks is based on the isolation of the respiratory system from the environment and the purification of the inhaled air from aerosols and vapors of toxic substances in a filtering-absorbing system.
Gas masks can be used in an atmosphere containing at least 17% oxygen (by volume).

Brief information about the protective properties of gas masks
Modern filtering masks have high protective properties against OV, RP, BA (BS).
When conducting hostilities in conditions of the use of weapons of mass destruction by the enemy, the same gas mask can be used many times. At the same time, interruptions in the use of a gas mask in an infected atmosphere do not reduce the protective properties of the filter-absorbing box (FPK) from OM.
The protective properties of the FPK during storage of gas masks in military units can be reduced due to the moistening of the absorbing layer, therefore it is necessary to follow the recommendations for storing gas masks.

The anti-aerosol filters (PAF) of gas masks are adversely affected by:

• water;
• water fog;
• neutral smokes;
• ground dust.

The use of covers for small-sized FPK in the "combat" position of the gas mask significantly reduces the harmful effect on the PAF of these factors, not excluding them completely. Therefore, the use of gas masks in fog, with atmospheric precipitation, etc., especially in peacetime, should be limited.
When using gas masks, mechanical damage to the FPK is possible, leading to a decrease or complete loss of their protective properties. Mechanical damages (dents), which do not cause a violation of the FPC tightness and the spilling of the absorbing layer, do not significantly affect their protective properties, in particular, dents on the filter-absorbing small-sized FPC with an area of ​​no more than 7-8 cm2 and a depth of no more than 0.3 cm. In case of mechanical damage, accompanied by a violation of the tightness or spilling of the absorbing layer, detected by noise when shaking, FPCs completely lose their protective properties from OM and must be replaced.
In the process of using gas masks, it is also possible to break the tightness of the front parts.

The main reasons for the leakage of the front parts are:

• a burst or puncture of the rubber of the front part or membrane of the intercom;
• violation of the tightness of the assembly of the units of the front part;
• the absence of an intermediate ring (rings) in the intercom;
• absence, malfunction, clogging or freezing of the exhalation valves and insufficiently tight wrapping of the intercom cover;
• insufficiently tight connection of the front part with the FPK;
• the absence of spacer rings in the valve box of the front part;
• mechanical damage to the glasses of the spectacle assembly;
• incorrect putting on the face on the head;
• the presence of a large hairline on the skin of the face, etc.

Under the action of personnel in conditions of strong dustiness of the surface layer of the atmosphere with soil dust, clogging (contamination) of the exhalation valves and, as a consequence, depressurization of the gas mask, as well as a noticeable increase in the resistance of the gas mask to breathing, is possible. In such cases, the restoration of the protective properties of the valve system is carried out by examining and washing with soap and water the face of the gas mask and especially the exhalation valves. When flushing the front parts, do not allow water to enter the FPK.

After using FPK in a dusty atmosphere, you must:

• remove dust from the case;
• if possible, blow through the FPK with air, for which purpose make two or three sharp exhales into the neck of the FPK.

When using gas masks in the "stowed" position, all modern bags for gas masks almost completely exclude the ingress of OM drops, dust, rain, snow, water into them and ensure the preservation of the original protective characteristics of gas masks until they are used for their intended purpose.

The design of filtering gas masks provides sufficient comfort to work with all types of weapons and military equipment.

The gas mask design allows:

• to conduct aimed shooting from small arms;
• work with optical devices;
• give commands by voice, negotiate by radiotelephone communication;
• connect to collector units (FVU-3.5; FVU-7; FVU-15, FVUA-15, etc.) if available in combat vehicles.

Rules for using a gas mask
The reliability of protection against OV, RP, BA (BS) depends not only on the serviceability of gas masks, but also on the skillful use of them.
The shoulder strap of the bag is usually placed under the straps of the duffel bag, but over the belts of equipment and the holders of the OP-1M raincoat.
The gas mask is worn in three positions: "marching", "ready" and "combat".
The rules for using a gas mask in various positions (Scheme 2) are determined by the Manual for the Use of AES. However, it is possible to put on gas masks in other ways, but their use should ensure quick and correct donning and the safety of the face of the gas mask.

While driving, drivers of tracked vehicles reduce their speed to put on a gas mask, and drivers of wheeled vehicles make a short stop.
When preparing for forcing water obstacles by swimming and in the absence of OM, RP, BA (BS) in the air, the FPK should be disconnected from the front parts and plugged with rubber plugs and caps, which should be stored in a gas mask bag, having previously checked for the presence of a rubber gasket in them. After forcing the water barrier, wipe all the components of the gas mask, dry the bag, replace the anti-fog films, collect it and put it in the bag.
An important condition for a long stay and work in a gas mask is deep and even breathing, which is developed in the process of systematic training. Correct breathing in a gas mask contributes to the preservation of the combat effectiveness of personnel when operating in the contaminated zone. If it becomes more difficult to breathe while using the gas mask, you need to lightly tap the box with your hand to shake off the dust or snow from the cover. If after that it is difficult to breathe, then, without removing the gas mask, remove the cover, shake off the dust or snow from it and quickly put it on the box.
At the end of the use of the gas mask in the "combat" position, remove the cover from the box and shake off the dust from it. Take off the gas mask on command "Remove the gas mask" or "Remove means of protection".

Actions of servicemen when removing a gas mask:

• put down the weapon;
• remove the steel helmet, headdress and comforter, take the valve box with your hand, slightly pull the front part down and remove the gas mask by moving your hand forward and up;
• wear a hat and steel helmet if they are not infected;
• fold the gas mask and put it in the bag.

If possible, turn the removed front part inside out, dry and wipe with a clean cloth.
The driver of a tracked or wheeled vehicle takes off the gas mask without stopping control of the machine and folds it down after stopping the machine.
When using a gas mask in winter, rubber hardening, ice formation on the spectacle assembly, valve box and FPC neck, and freezing of the valves to the saddles are possible.
To prevent and eliminate these phenomena, put on overhead insulating cuffs on spectacle clips, before putting on a gas mask, warm over the side of an overcoat, pea jacket, etc. If ice appears on the valve box and the neck of the FPK, remove it by chipping or thawing by hand. When entering a warm room from frost, let the gas mask sweat for 10-15 minutes, then wipe the rubber and metal parts thoroughly with a dry clean cloth.
If you suspect that the gas mask you are wearing is infected with an aerosol or droplets of OM, immediately, without removing the gas mask, degass it using a PPI.
When leaving the area radioactive contamination decontaminate the gas mask, for this knock out the bag and cover, and wipe the front part and the FPC alternately with two or three pieces of rags moistened with a decontamination solution or water.
In case of damage to the gas mask in conditions of contaminated air, use the damaged one until a serviceable gas mask is obtained, taking measures to replace it with a serviceable one as soon as possible. In case of a slight rupture of the body of the front part, pinch the torn place with your fingers or press it with your palm against your face. In case of a large rupture of the face, damage to the glasses of the spectacle assembly or exhalation valves, stop breathing, close your eyes, remove the gas mask, unscrew the FPK. Take the neck of the FPK in your mouth, hold your nose and, without opening your eyes, start breathing through your mouth. When through holes appear in the FPK case, cover them with clay, earth, etc.

2.2. Protective properties of insulating gas masks. How to use

Self-contained breathing apparatus (IDA) are designed to protect the respiratory system, face and eyes from any harmful impurity in the air, regardless of its concentration, when working in conditions of lack or absence of oxygen, as well as in the presence of harmful impurities that are not retained by filtering gas masks.
The principle of operation of IDA is based on the isolation of the respiratory system, purification of exhaled air from carbon dioxide and water and enrichment with oxygen without exchange with the environment.

Rules for using the device IP-4 (IP-4M)

The IP-4 (IP-4M) apparatus is worn on its side or behind the back in two positions "ready" and "combat". When working in rooms with narrow aisles, manholes, hatches, the device should be worn on its side, and in open areas - behind the back.

The IP-4 (IP-4M) device can be used with and without SIZK. The terms of use are the same in both cases. In the case of using SIZK, the devices are worn over them, and the front part, if possible, is covered with a hood of a protective suit.

The procedure for transferring IP-4 (IP-4M) to the "ready" position:

When positioned on its side:

• untie the storage bag;
• remove the device from the bag;
• put the shoulder strap of the bag on the right shoulder so that the bag is on the left side;
• adjust the length of the shoulder strap using movable buckles so that the upper edge of the bag is at the level of the waist belt, move the bag back a little so that when walking it does not interfere with the movement of the hand;
• fix the device on its side using the waist belt of the bag;

When positioned behind the back:

• untie the storage bag;
• remove the device from the bag;
• unfasten the buckles of the shoulder and waist belts;
• with the provision of mutual assistance, put the bag behind your back, fastening the straps crosswise on the chest, that is, the shoulder strap on the waist buckle and vice versa.

The transfer of the IP-4 (IP-4M) apparatus to the "combat" position is carried out, as a rule, in an atmosphere suitable for breathing. The transfer of the apparatus to the "combat" position when located behind the back is carried out with the provision of mutual assistance.

The procedure for transferring the device to the "combat" position when it is located on its side or behind the back:

• move the bag forward (when positioned on the side);
• open the lid of the bag and take out the front part;
• throw the front part over the left shoulder to the chest (when located behind the back);
• remove the plug from the front end pipe and put it in the bag;
• take off the headdress;
• take a deep breath and put on the front part so that there are no folds and distortions, and the spectacle knot is against the eyes;
• exhale and activate the starting device, for which pull out the safety pin and screw in the screw clockwise until it stops;
• make sure that the starting briquette is triggered;
• put on a hat;
• close the lid of the bag and fasten it with buttons.

Signs of the triggering briquette are:

• warm gas mixture entering the mask space;
• filling the breathing bag with a gas mixture and etching the gas mixture through an overpressure valve;
• warming up the front cover of the cartridge (at positive temperatures).

Use a device in which the starting pellet did not work, is prohibited. In this case, replace the regenerative cartridge.
When determining the deadline for the completion of work, the time required for personnel to leave the contaminated atmosphere or to obtain spare regenerative cartridges and replace them should be taken into account.

Signs of the end of the regenerative cartridge are:

• weak filling of the breathing bag;
• the inability to carry out a full breath while performing work;
• feeling unwell (headache, dizziness, nausea, etc.).

It is not recommended to work in the IDA until the regenerative cartridge has been fully used up.
Replacement of the spent regenerative cartridge in an atmosphere that is contaminated or unfit for breathing is only permitted in exceptional cases.

To change the regenerative cartridge in a contaminated or unbreathable atmosphere:

• check the serviceability of the seals on the plugs of the spare regenerative cartridge and the color of the indicator paint strip;
• unfasten the lid of the bag and thread the connecting tube into it so that you can conveniently take it with your hand from the nipple;
• unfasten the lock on the clamp, remove the plugs from the spare regenerative cartridge and check the presence and serviceability of the gaskets;
• take a breath and hold your breath;
• simultaneously turn the nipples on the connecting tube and the breathing bag and discard the used cartridge from the frame;
• make a short exhale, connect the connecting tube to the spare regenerative cartridge;
• attach the spare cartridge to the breathing bag and resume breathing;
• fix the regenerative cartridge to the frame by fastening the lock on the clamp;
• activate the starting device;
• make sure that the starting briquette has worked;
• zip up the lid of the bag.

The spent regenerative cartridge, without closing the plug nipple sockets, should be placed in a prepared place where the possibility of organic liquids getting into it is excluded. Protect your hands from burns when changing used regenerative cartridges.
Removal of IDA should be carried out in an atmosphere suitable for breathing, as directed by the commander or independently.

IDA withdrawal procedure:

• remove the front part from the head;
• open the lid of the bag;
• put the front part in the bag and close the bag.

IDA service after work:

• detach the front part from the regenerative cartridge, turn out the helmet-mask and wipe it with a dry cloth;
• remove moisture from the connecting tube by sequentially squeezing the tube with a hand movement from top to bottom;
• disconnect the regenerative cartridge from the breathing bag;
• drain the water from the breathing bag through the pipe;
• dry the bag and the front part;
• hand over the spent regenerative cartridge to the unit commander;
• make a note in the form card on the use of the apparatus;
• prepare the device for the next use.

2.3. Protective properties of respirators. How to use

Respirator R-2 is designed to protect the respiratory system from radioactive and ground dust.
The principle of operation of a filter respirator is based on the fact that the respiratory organs are isolated from the environment by a half mask, and the inhaled air is cleaned of aerosols in a package of filter materials.
The respirator does not enrich the inhaled air with oxygen, therefore it can be used in an atmosphere containing at least 17% oxygen (by volume). The respirator does not protect against toxic gases and vapors.
Different climatic conditions, excluding droplet-liquid moisture, do not affect the protective properties of the respirator. The respirator provides respiratory protection in both summer and winter conditions.
Continuous stay in a respirator (up to 12 hours) practically does not affect the performance and functional state of the body of servicemen.

To put on a respirator, you must:

• take off the hat or fold it back on the chin strap;
• remove the respirator from the bag and bag, put on the respirator, and put the bag in the bag;
• put on a hat and close the valve of the gas mask bag.

When using a respirator, check the tightness of the fit of the half mask to the face after each wearing of the respirator and periodically during prolonged wear. To remove moisture from the undermask space through the inhalation valve, bend your head back and forth and make several sharp exhalations. In case of abundant moisture release, you can remove the respirator for 1-2 minutes (only when used to protect against RP), pour moisture out of the half mask, wipe the inner surface and put on the respirator again.
After each use of a respirator to protect against RP, decontaminate it by removing dust from the outer part of the half mask (knocking out, shaking out or lightly tapping on any object). Wipe the inner surface of the half mask with a damp swab, while not turning the half mask out. Then dry the respirator and put it in a bag, which is sealed with a ring and placed in a gas mask bag.
Respirators, in which after decontamination the contamination remains above safe values ​​(more than 50 mR / h), should be replaced with new ones. When used correctly, respirators can withstand 10-15 times of use and decontamination.
To ensure long-term service of the respirator, it is necessary to protect it from mechanical damage.

2.4. Protective properties of sets of additional cartridges. How to use

A set of additional cartridge KDP is designed to protect the respiratory system from carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) and RP. An additional cartridge is used for its intended purpose with any combined-arms filtering gas mask.
The principle of operation of the additional cartridge DP-2 is based on the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. The particulate filter included in the kit cleans the inhaled air from RP according to the filtration principle.

Additional cartridge kit
1 - additional cartridge DP-2; 2 - anti-aerosol filter; 3 - connecting tube; 4 - bag

The additional cartridge does not enrich the inhaled air with oxygen, therefore it can be used in an atmosphere containing at least 17% oxygen (by volume).
The DP-2 cartridge provides protection against carbon monoxide when its concentration in the ambient air is up to 0.25% with a short-term, no more than 15 minutes, stay in an atmosphere containing up to 1% carbon monoxide.
The concentration of carbon monoxide is measured using technical means. In their absence, the concentration of carbon monoxide is estimated by temperature and appearance cartridge, as well as the temperature of the air entering for inhalation.

Warming up of the cartridge as felt by the hand indicates the presence of hazardous concentrations of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere.
Warming up the cartridge, causing a slight burn to the skin of the hand, indicates the presence of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere with a concentration of within 1%.
At positive temperatures, the heating of the cartridge is accompanied by the intake of air heated to 50 ° C for inhalation, which is permissible. Heating of the cartridge, accompanied by swelling and burning of the paint, as well as the intake of air heated to a temperature of 65-70 ° C and causing a sensation of burning of the membranes of the respiratory system, indicates the presence of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere in quantities significantly exceeding 1%. In this case, you should leave the gas-polluted room and carry out further work in it using IDA.
The aerosol filter has an aerosol permeability coefficient of a standard oil mist of no more than 2%, which provides reliable protection against RP.
The time of the protective action of the DP-2 cartridge depends on the concentration of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (included in the powder gases), the ambient temperature and the physical activity of the serviceman.

Time of the protective action of the DP-2 cartridge

The DP-2 cartridge can be used for its intended purpose many times within 13 days, provided that the total operating time in an atmosphere containing carbon monoxide does not exceed the time indicated in table.
After each use, the DP-2 cartridge is hermetically sealed with plugs. If the DP-2 cartridge for some reason was not closed with plugs within 12 hours, then replace it with a new one, regardless of the time of use in the "combat" position.
Use the additional cartridge set for its intended purpose in conjunction with a combined-arms filtering gas mask.
There are two options for using the KDP.
To protect against carbon monoxide, RP and smoke, use the face of the gas mask, connecting tube, DP-2, aerosol filter and KDP bag.
To protect against TX, RP, BA and carbon monoxide, use the front part of the gas mask, connecting tube, DP-2, filter-absorbing box and KDP bag.
In this case, do not put the cover on the FPK, keep it in the bag.

Terms of use

• remove the plugs until it is transferred to the "combat" position;
• use depersonalized cartridges with removed plugs, install plugs on cartridges that have exhausted their resource of time;
• place spent cartridges in the bag;
• store used and new cartridges together.

When using the DP-2 cartridge, exclude the possibility of dripping liquid moisture entering it.

N-RHBZ-1, N-RHBZ-2.

3. Safety requirements when working in respiratory protection

When working in filter-type respiratory protection, in order to avoid overheating, it is necessary to observe the maximum periods of continuous stay in them (see question 5).

Safety requirements when working in an insulating gas mask

Personnel are allowed to work in insulating gas masks after a medical examination, passing a course of study and training in using an insulating gas mask and passing a test. Admission to work in an insulating gas mask is made annually by order of the part.

When using an insulating gas mask, the following safety precautions must be observed:

• timely check the serviceability of the assembled gas mask during storage. If the gas mask is not tight, the regenerative cartridge and the starting briquette must be replaced with new ones (after the malfunction has been eliminated);
• before carrying out work in a room or inside a tank with a toxic substance, if possible, ventilate the room, degass the tank;
• the number of persons simultaneously working in insulating gas masks in one room must be at least two and continuous communication must be maintained with them;
• in smoky rooms, cisterns, etc. everyone working in an insulating gas mask must be tied with a cable, the other end of which is located at a specially designated duty or backup number located outside the smoke-filled room (tanks, etc.);
• do not start work in a gas mask if you are not firmly convinced that the starting briquette has worked at start;
• in the event of a break in work with the removal of the front part of the gas mask, the regenerative cartridge must be replaced with a new one;
• timely finish work in an insulating gas mask or replace the regenerative cartridge;
• do not allow water and organic substances to enter the starting briquette, briquette of additional oxygen supply and into the regenerative cartridge when preparing the gas mask for use;
• if the helmet is poured with oxidants, replace the gas mask;
• reuse n

Personal protective equipment refers to the means designed to ensure the safety of one worker.

Personal protective equipment includes:

1. Insulating suits: pneumosuits, waterproof suits, spacesuits.

2. Respiratory protection equipment: gas masks, respirators, self-rescuers, pneumatic helmets, pneumatic masks, pneumatic jackets.

3. Special protective clothing: sheepskin coats, coats; short coat, short fur coats; capes; raincoats, half-raincoats; bathrobes; costumes; jackets, shirts; trousers, shorts; overalls, semi-overalls; vests; dresses, sundresses; blouses, skirts; aprons; shoulder pads.

4. Foot protection: boots; boots with an elongated bootleg; boots with a shortened bootleg; ankle boots; boots; low shoes; shoes; shoe covers; galoshes; bots; slippers (sandals); high fur boots, chuvyaki; shields, boots, knee pads, footcloths.

5. Hand protection: gloves; gloves; half gloves; fingertips; handhelds; wristbands; armbands, elbow pads.

6. Head protection equipment: protective helmets; helmets, comforters; caps, berets, hats, caps, kerchiefs, mosquito nets.

7. Eye protection: protective goggles.

8. Face protection: face shields.

9. Protective equipment for the organ of hearing: anti-noise helmets; anti-noise earbuds; anti-noise headphones.

10. Protective equipment against falling from a height and other safety equipment: safety belts, cables; hand grips, manipulators; knee pads, elbow pads, shoulder pads.

11. Dermatological protective products: protective creams; leather cleaners; reparative means.

12. Means of protection are complex.

Respiratory protection equipment. Filtering gas masks. Filtering gas masks are used to protect the respiratory system, eyes and face from poisonous, radioactive substances and bacterial agents. The principle of the protective action of gas masks is based on the fact that the contaminated air used for breathing is preliminarily purified from harmful impurities using special absorbers and filters.

To protect the respiratory organs for the adult population, filtering masks GP-5, GP-7, GP-4u, etc. can be used. The GP-5 gas mask consists of a gas mask box and a face piece (helmet-mask). In addition, a box with anti-fog films and a bag are included with the gas mask. The filter element in the gas mask box is activated carbon.

The front part of the GP-5 gas mask is a rubber helmet-mask with goggles, fairings and a valve box with inhalation and exhalation valves. The gas mask box is screwed directly onto the valve box (without corrugated connecting tube).

Isolating devices and gas masks. Unlike filtering gas masks, isolating devices and gas masks completely isolate the respiratory system from the OS. Breathing in them occurs due to the oxygen in the device (gas mask) in a compressed form or in the form of a chemical compound.

Isolating devices (gas masks) are used when filtering gas masks cannot provide reliable protection, namely: at high concentrations of OM; when working with unknown substances that are poorly retained by a filtering gas mask; in case of a lack of oxygen in the air, for example, when extinguishing fires in premises.

The isolating devices (gas masks) include: oxygen isolating devices KIP-5, KIP-7 and KIP-8, isolating gas masks IP-4, IP-46, IP-46M.

In KIP-5, KIP-7 and KIP-8, the air necessary for breathing is freed from carbon dioxide in a regenerative cartridge and enriched with oxygen in a breathing bag from an oxygen cylinder; and in the IP-4, IP-46 and IP-46M gas masks, the necessary breathing air is freed from carbon dioxide and enriched with oxygen directly in a regenerative cartridge filled with a special substance.

The simplest respiratory protection. To protect the respiratory system from radioactive dust, in addition to filtering gas masks and isolating devices and gas masks, anti-dust respirators of various types, dust-cloth masks, cotton gauze dressings, etc. can be used. Usually they are a front part (mask or half mask) on which filter elements are mounted.

Anti-dust respirators are devices designed to protect the respiratory system from harmful aerosols.

Filtering respirators. Respirator R-2 is used to protect the respiratory system from radioactive, industrial and ordinary dust. It can also be used when acting in the focus of bacteriological damage to protect against bacterial agents in the air in the form of aerosols. For children from 7 to 17 years old, a child respirator is intended, which differs from an adult in size.

Respirator ШБ-1 "Petal" is made of a special material with high filtering capacity and is intended for single use. A properly fitted respirator removes up to 99.9% of dust.

In the absence of gas masks, reliable protection of the respiratory system from radioactive dust is provided by an anti-dust cloth mask and a cotton-gauze bandage, which can be made by the population itself at home.

Anti-dust fabric mask PTM-1 consists of a body and attachment. The body is made of four to five layers of fabric. For the top layer, coarse calico, staple fabric, knitwear are suitable, for the inner layers - flannel, cotton or woolen fabric.

The mask is removed on command or independently, as soon as the danger of immediate injury has passed. The removed contaminated mask must be turned inside out and placed in a bag or bag. As soon as possible, the mask should be decontaminated (cleaned or shaken out of radioactive dust), then washed in hot water with soap and rinsed thoroughly several times, changing the water. The dried mask can be reused.

Cotton-gauze dressings are usually disposable. After removing the contaminated bandage, it is destroyed (burned or buried). When using the simplest respiratory protection, dust goggles must be worn to protect the eyes. You can also make glasses yourself: stick a foam rubber rim on a strip of glass or transparent film, and fasten the strings along the edges.

Skin protection products. Special skin protection products. Skin protection products, along with protection from vapors and drops, protect exposed areas of the body, clothing, shoes and equipment from contamination by radioactive substances and biological agents. In addition, they completely trap a-particles and significantly weaken the effect of b-particles. According to the principle of protective action, skin protection products are divided into isolating and filtering.

Isolating protective equipment leathers are made from airtight materials, usually from a special elastic and frost-resistant rubberized fabric. They can be airtight and leaky. Hermetic means cover the whole body and protect from vapors and droplets of organic matter, leaking means protect only from droplets of organic matter. Insulating skin protection includes a general protective kit and special protective clothing.

Skin protection filters made in the form of cotton uniforms and linen, impregnated with special chemicals... Impregnation with a thin layer envelops the threads of the fabric, and the gaps between the threads remain free; as a result, the air permeability of the material is mainly preserved, and the OM vapors are absorbed when the infected air passes through the tissue.

The filtering means for protecting the skin can be ordinary clothes and linen, if they are soaked, for example, with a soap-oil emulsion.

Isolating Skin Protectors- a combined-arms protective kit and special protective clothing - are intended mainly to protect personnel of civil defense formations when working in contaminated areas.

The combined-arms protective kit consists of a protective raincoat, protective stockings and protective gloves.

The protective cloak of the set has two floors, sides, sleeves, a hood, as well as straps, ribbons and fasteners, which allow the cloak to be used in different options... The fabric of the raincoat provides protection from poisonous, radioactive substances and bacterial agents, as well as from light radiation. Protective raincoats are made in five sizes: the first is for people up to 165 cm in height, the second is from 165 to 170 cm, the third is from 170 to 175 cm, the fourth is from 175 to 180 cm and the fifth is over 180 cm.

Protective gloves- rubber, with seals made of impregnated fabric, there are two types: summer and winter. Summer gloves are five-fingered, winter gloves are two-fingered, have a warmed insert fastened with buttons. Protective stockings are made of rubberized fabric. Their soles are reinforced with tarpaulin or rubber osoyuzka. Stockings with tarpaulin stitching have two or three straps for attaching to the leg and one strap for attaching to the waist belt; stockings with a rubber osoyuzka are attached to the legs with straps, and to the waist belt - with a ribbon. When operating in contaminated areas, a protective raincoat is used in the form of an overalls.

TO special protective clothing include: a lightweight protective suit, a protective overalls, a protective suit consisting of a jacket and trousers, and a protective apron.

Splash-proof suit. Lightweight protective suit is made of rubberized fabric and consists of a shirt with a hood, trousers sewn together with stockings, two-fingered gloves and a comforter. In addition, the suit set includes a 5 bag and a spare pair of gloves. The weight of the protective suit is about 3 kg.

Gas-tight chemical suit. The suits are made in three sizes: the first is for people up to 165 cm in height, the second is from 165 to 172 cm, and the third is above 172 cm.

Protective overalls made of rubberized fabric. It consists of trousers, jacket and hood sewn into one piece. The coveralls are made in three sizes, corresponding to the sizes indicated for the lightweight protective suit.

The overalls are used together with a comforter, gloves and rubber boots. Rubber boots are made from 41 to 46 sizes. The rubber gloves are all the same size with five fingers. The weight of a protective overalls complete with boots, gloves and a comforter is about 6 kg.

Protective suit, consisting of a jacket and trousers, differs from a protective overalls only in that its component parts are made separately. The set of the suit also includes rubber gloves, boots and a comforter.

TO filter means for skin protection includes a set of filtering clothes of the Western Federal District, consisting of a cotton overalls, men's underwear, a cotton comforter and two pairs of cotton footcloths.

Along with filtering and isolating skin protection products, available skin protection products are also used.

Handy means of skin protection. In addition to the above special means to protect the skin to protect the skin from radioactive dust and biological agents, you can use improvised means.

The available means of skin protection include regular clothing and footwear. Ordinary capes and raincoats made of PVC or rubberized fabric, coats of drape, rough cloth or leather provide good protection from radioactive dust and bacterial agents; they can also protect against droplets of organic substances for 5-10 minutes, wadded clothing protects much longer.

To protect the feet, industrial and household boots, rubber boots, galoshes, felt boots with galoshes, leather and leatherette shoes are used.

You can use rubber or leather gloves and tarpaulin gloves to protect your hands. When using ordinary clothing as a means of protection, for greater sealing, it is necessary to fasten it with all buttons, tie the cuffs of sleeves and trousers with a braid, raise the collar and tie it with a scarf.

For more reliable protection of the skin, it is recommended to use a simplified protective filter set, which, with special impregnation, can provide protection from OM vapors. The kit can consist of ski, work or school, normal male suit or a standard quilted jacket (jackets and trousers), gloves (rubber, leather or impregnated woolen, cotton), rubber boots for industrial and household use or rubber boots with impregnated stockings, felt boots with galoshes, shoes made of leather and imitation leather.

Clothes taken for impregnation must completely (hermetically) cover the human body. The most accessible means for impregnating clothes at home are solutions based on synthetic detergents used for washing clothes, or a soap-oil emulsion.

Clothes impregnated with the indicated solutions are odorless, non-irritating to the skin and easy to clean. The impregnation does not destroy the clothing and facilitates its degassing and decontamination.

The simplest means of skin protection are put on immediately before the threat of damage from radioactive, OM or bacterial agents. After that, they put on a gas mask (in case of radioactive or bacterial contamination, you can use a respirator, a PTM-1 mask or a cotton-gauze bandage), raise the collar of the jacket (jacket) and tie it with a scarf, put on a hood, a hat, gloves (mittens).

Respiratory protection equipment and rules for their use.

1. Means of protection of respiratory organs

Filtering gas masks and respirators are the main means of personal protection of the respiratory system, face and eyes from toxic substances (OM), radioactive dust (RP) and biological aerosols. The principle of their protective action is based on preliminary purification (filtration) of air inhaled by a person from various harmful impurities.

1.1. Combined arms filter gas mask EO - 16 (62)

The set of the EO-16 (62) combined-arms filtering gas mask consists of a helmet-mask, a filtering-absorbing box (FPK), a bag for a gas mask and a box with anti-fog films.

The helmet-mask consists of:

Fairing with goggles;

Valve box with inhalation and exhalation valves;

Intercom;

Filter box connection sockets;

Connecting tube (for. EO-16).

The filter-absorbing box consists of:

Housings;

Charge of activated carbon;

Smoke filter;

Outer neck;

Inner neck;

Rubber stopper.

The selection of the helmet-mask is carried out according to the size, which is determined by measuring the head along a closed line passing through the crown, chin and cheeks:

USE OF A GAS MASK.

The gas mask is used in the "marching", "ready" and "combat" positions. To transfer the gas mask to the "stowed" position, you must: put on a bag with a gas mask over your right shoulder so that it is on the left side and its valve is facing away from you. Adjust the length of the shoulder strap so that the top edge of the bag is in line with the waist strap. Unfasten the bag valve, take out the gas mask, check the condition of the helmet-mask, glasses glasses, inhalation and exhalation valves. Inspect the FPK and check the presence of a rubber stopper, the reliability of the connection of the helmet-mask with the FPK, the presence of a box with anti-fog films. Close the bottom hole of the FPC with a rubber stopper. Put the gas mask in the bag and close its valve. Slide the bag with the gas mask back and secure it to the torso with a belt strap.

To transfer the gas mask to the "ready" position, you need to: move the bag with the gas mask forward, unfasten the bag valve and remove the rubber stopper from the FPC.

The gas mask is transferred to the "combat" position by the "Chemical alarm" signal, by the command of "Gaza", and also independently.

To transfer the gas mask to the "combat" position, you must:

1. Hold your breath, close your eyes, take the weapon "on the belt" (put it on the ground, squeeze it between your legs).

2. Take off the headgear, and with the chinstrap lowered, fold the headgear back.

3. Take out the gas mask, take with both hands the thickened edges at the bottom of the helmet-mask so that the thumbs are outside and the rest are inside it.

4. Attach the lower part of the helmet-mask under the chin and with a sharp movement of the hands up and back pull the helmet-mask over the head so that there are no folds and the goggles are against the eyes.

5. Eliminate the skew and folds, if they formed during putting on, exhale completely, open your eyes and resume breathing.

6. Put on a hat, fix the gas mask on the body, if this has not been done earlier.

Errors that decrease the grade by one point:

The student did not close his eyes and did not hold his breath or, after putting on, did not exhale completely;

The helmet-mask is worn skewed or the connecting tube is twisted.

Errors that determine the grade "unsatisfactory":

The formation of such folds or distortions is allowed, in which the outside air can penetrate under the helmet-mask;

The nut of the connecting pipe is not completely screwed on (screwed in).

REGULATIONS:

Take off the gas mask by the command "Take off the gas masks" or "Take off the protective equipment." At this command, remove the headdress, take the valve box with your hand, pull the front part down slightly and remove the gas mask by moving your hand forward and up. Put on a hat, fold the gas mask and put it in your bag. If necessary, turn the removed front part inside out, dry and wipe with a clean cloth.

Using a defective gas mask.

If the helmet-mask is damaged, it is necessary: ​​to hold your breath, close your eyes, unscrew the FPK, take the neck of the FPK in your mouth, pinch your nose and breathe through your mouth. Do not open your eyes. When changing the helmet-mask: hold your breath, take a working helmet-mask and connect it to the FPK. Then put on a gas mask, exhale, open your eyes and resume breathing.

If the connecting tube is damaged, you must: hold your breath, close your eyes, unscrew the connecting tube, attach the FPC to the helmet-mask, exhale, open your eyes and resume breathing.

1.2. Respirator R-2

The R-2 respirator is a filtering half mask consisting of: two inhalation valves, one exhalation valve, a headband and a nose clip.

In the "stowed" position, the respirator is placed in a plastic bag with the exhalation valve down, closed with a ring and stored in a gas mask bag under the face of the gas mask.

Use of a respirator.

The respirator is transferred to the "combat" position by the command "Put on the respirators", as well as independently.

To transfer the respirator to the "combat" position, you must:

1. Take off the hat or fold it back on the chin strap.

2. Remove the respirator from the gas mask bag and from the bag.

3. Put a respirator on your face so that the chin and nose are located inside the half mask.

4. Adjust the headband straps so that one strap is on the parietal part of the head and the other on the occipital.

5. Press the ends of the nose clip against the nose.

6. Put on a hat and fasten the valve of the gas mask.

Errors that decrease the score by one point: the ends of the nose clip of the respirator are not pressed against the nose.

REGULATIONS:

The respirator is removed by the command "Take off the respirators". At this command, remove the headdress, remove the respirator. Put on a hat, fold the respirator into a plastic bag and put it in gas mask bag... It is not recommended to turn the respirator inside out in order to avoid mechanical damage.

To decontaminate the respirator, you must carefully knock out the dust by tapping it on an object. Remove dust from the inside of the half mask by wiping with a damp cloth or cotton wool and dry.

1.3. Isolating gas mask IP - 4M

IP - 4M is designed to protect the respiratory organs, eyes and skin of the face from any harmful impurities in the air, regardless of its concentration, as well as for work in conditions of a lack of oxygen in the air in the temperature range from minus 40 to plus 40 degrees C.

The time of work in a gas mask is determined by physical activity and is:

With heavy physical exertion (running, installing large parts, climbing stairs, carrying weights, climbing, dismantling debris) - 30-40 minutes;

With an average physical activity (walking, installation small parts, adjustment and maintenance of equipment) - 60 -75 min;

With light physical exertion (technical inspection of equipment, observation of instrument readings) - 180 min.

ANTI-GAS DEVICE:

The gas mask consists of:

Front part;

Intercom;

Headrest;

Spectacle knot;

Connecting tube with a cover;

Nipple;

Regenerative cartridge;

Starting briquette;

Briquette checks;

Input and output nipple sockets;

Respiratory bag:

Connecting nipple "

Overpressure valve;

Carrying bags:

Frame;

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION.

To provide oxygen in the first minutes of work in a gas mask, when the regenerative cartridge does not yet emit a sufficient amount of oxygen, the starting briquette is activated. Under the influence of heat and moisture released during the decomposition of the starting briquette, the regenerative cartridge begins to release sufficient oxygen for breathing, as well as absorb carbon dioxide and moisture.

When the regenerative substance absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide, heat is released, therefore, during operation, the regenerative cartridge and the gas mixture passing through it heats up.

When you exhale, the gas mixture passes through the connecting tube through the regenerative cartridge and enters the breathing bag.

When inhaling, the gas mixture from the breathing bag passes through the regenerative cartridge for the second time, where it is additionally cleaned of carbon dioxide and returns to the respiratory system through a connecting tube.

Excess gas mixture from the breathing bag during exhalation is vented through the overpressure valve.

SAFETY MEASURES WHEN WORKING IN SP - 4M.

The personnel are allowed to work in gas masks after a medical examination, passing a course of study and training, and obtaining solid skills in using a gas mask.

When using a gas mask, the following safety measures must be observed:

The number of persons simultaneously working in gas masks in one room must be at least two, and continuous communication must be maintained with them;

In smoky rooms, tanks, cisterns, everyone working in a gas mask must be tied with a cable, the other end of which must be at a duplicate number located outside the smoky room;

Reuse of gas masks that have been exposed to an aggressive liquid is permissible only after neutralization and a thorough check of their condition;

Do not start work in a gas mask, unless you are convinced that the starting briquette has worked at startup and the color of the strip of thermodynamic paint has changed from pink to blue;

In the event of a break in work with the removal of the front part, the regenerative cartridge must be replaced;

Protect yourself from burns when changing a used regenerative cartridge.

IT IS FORBIDDEN:

1. Allow the use of partially spent regenerative cartridges.

2. Exceeding the operating time in the gas mask in excess of that established for the given conditions.

3. Replace the regenerative cartridge in the hazardous area.

4. Allow water and organic matter to enter the regenerative cartridge when preparing the gas mask for use.

5. Store the assembled gas mask near heated batteries, in the sun, along with flammable substances.

6. Store used regenerative cartridges together with collected gas masks and new regenerative cartridges.

7. Lubricate the metal parts and connections of the gas mask with any grease and oil.

8. Use regenerative cartridges that do not have a seal.

9. Apply a gas mask at temperatures below minus 40 g. WITH.

10. Close used cartridges with plugs (to avoid rupture);

11. Opening the box with anti-fog films unnecessarily.

In more detail, the device and principle of operation of the IP-4M is reflected in the operating instructions attached to the gas mask.

1.4. KDP ADDITIONAL CARTRIDGE KIT

The set of an additional cartridge for a general filtering gas mask is a means of personal protection of the respiratory organs of personnel from carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide - CO) and radioactive dust.

The KDP set includes: DP-2 cartridge, PAF filter, connecting tube, bag, tag.

OPERATION ORDER:

1. To protect against carbon monoxide:

Take the gas mask out of the bag and turn off the FPC;

Put the FPK in the KDP bag together with the gas mask bag;

Take DP-2, unscrew the cap and unscrew the plug from the cartridge;

Connect to the connecting pipe DP-2;

Put the gas mask assembled in this way in the KDP bag.

2. For protection against CO and RP, it is necessary to attach a PAF filter to the DP-2 inner throat.

3. For protection against ОВ, РП, БС and СО, it is necessary to attach the FPK to the inner throat of DP-2 and then the PAF filter.

During the operation of DP-2, heating of the purified air is possible.

The cartridge is used at an ambient temperature from minus 40 to plus 40 g. C and CO concentration in the air up to 0.25%. It is allowed to use KDP with a short-term (for 10-15 minutes) increase in the CO concentration in the air up to 1% with a total duration of up to 1.5 hours.

Time of the protective action of the DP-2 cartridge for carbon monoxide

SECURITY MEASURES:

Unscrew the cap and plug before using the cartridge for its intended purpose;

Use cartridges that have been stored with caps or plugs unscrewed, as well as that have spent the established resource;

Leave the used cartridge in the bag.

2. When using DP-2, it is necessary to ensure that moisture does not get into it, which can penetrate through the inner neck.

3. DP-2 used for training purposes to be used for combat work in an atmosphere containing carbon monoxide is strictly prohibited.

4. The maximum period of use of the DP-2 cartridge during intermittent operation is 1 month.

5. In case of difficulty in breathing or the appearance of traces of corrosion on the body during repeated use of the cartridge, it must be replaced with a new one before the expiration of the specified period.

6. During breaks of work, the DP-2 cartridge must be disconnected from the front part, tightly closed with a cap and a stopper, while checking the presence of a rubber gasket.

7. If the body of the DP-2 cartridge is damaged during operation, it is urgent to replace it with a new one.

1.5. hopcalite cartridge DP-1

The hopcalite cartridge for the general filtering gas mask is a means of personal protection of the respiratory organs of personnel from carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide - CO) and is used in the same way as the DP-2 cartridge from the additional cartridge set (section 1.4).

1.6. ADDITIONAL CARTRIDGE DPG-Z (1)

An additional cartridge DPG-3 for a general filtering gas mask is a means of personal protection of the respiratory organs of personnel from some hazardous chemicals.

The kit includes: a cartridge, a connecting tube (when used with a gas mask EO-62, PMK), a cap with a gasket, a plug and an insert.

An additional cartridge is used only in a set with FPC.

OPERATION ORDER:

Take the gas mask out of the bag and unscrew the filtering - absorbing box;

Connect the connecting tube to the front of the gas mask (for EO-62, PMK);

Take DPG, unscrew the cap and unscrew the plug from the cartridge;

Connect to the connecting tube DPG;

Return the filtering - absorbing box to the DPG;

Put the gas mask collected in this way in the gas mask bag.

SECURITY MEASURES:

1. To protect the DPG charge from moisture during storage, the cartridge must always be closed with a cap with a rubber gasket and a plug.

Unscrew the cap and plug before starting the operation of the DPG;

Use cartridges stored with caps and plugs unscrewed.

The time of protective action in minutes for gas masks EO-16 (62) complete with an additional cartridge DPG-1 (3) and the list of hazardous chemicals are given in the table:

The cartridge has a guaranteed shelf life of 10 years in the manufacturer's packaging.

1.7. industrial type gas mask boxes

Industrial-type gas mask boxes are used to protect the respiratory system from hazardous chemically hazardous substances used at chemically hazardous facilities and during their transportation. Depending on the type of hazardous substance, the boxes may contain one or more special absorbers and an aerosol filter. At the same time, the boxes are strictly specialized in purpose and differ in color and marking.

The industrial-type boxes should be connected to the gas mask helmet instead of the conventional FPC. The arrows on the boxes indicating the direction of air movement will help to correctly attach the boxes of brands M and CO.

A white vertical bar indicates the presence of an aerosol filter.

The protective action time of industrial-type boxes depends on the brand of the box and the concentration of pesticides. If a slight odor of foreign matter appears, replace the box with a new one.

Study guide: Russian criminal law

Examination: Execution of punishment in the form of imprisonment in correctional colonies and in a disciplinary military unit

Examination: Execution of punishments in relation to convicted military personnel

Thesis: The meaning of motive and purpose of a crime in criminal law

Summary: Institute of Punishment and Imprisonment in Criminal Law

Examination: Institute of Constitutional Rights and Freedoms in Foreign Countries

Individual and collective protection and their use

Topic 14: Personal and collective protective equipment and their use.

Study questions

1. General information on the means of protection and their classification.
2. Respiratory protection equipment.
3. Skin protection products.

1 General information about protective equipment and their classification.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is designed to preserve the combat effectiveness of the personnel of the Russian Armed Forces and to ensure the fulfillment of a combat mission under conditions of the use of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) by the enemy, as well as under conditions of exposure to damaging environments arising from the operation and damage of weapons and military equipment. PPE is subdivided into respiratory PPE (RPE), eye PPE (SIZG), and skin PPE (PPE). According to the principle of protective action, RPE and SIZK are divided into filtering and insulating ones. According to the purpose, PPE is divided into general and special. Combined-arms PPE are intended for use by personnel of all or several types of the Russian Armed Forces and combat arms. Special PPE are intended for use in / by employees of certain specialties or for performing special work. The RPE includes: gas masks, respirators, self-contained breathing apparatus (IDA), an additional cartridge set (KDP), a hopcalite cartridge. SIZH includes protective glasses from SIYAV. SIZK include protective clothing filtering and insulating type, made of filtering or insulating materials, respectively.

2 Respiratory protection.

Combined-arms filtering gas masks are designed to protect the respiratory system, face and eyes from OV, RP, BA.

The principle of operation of gas masks is based on isolating the respiratory system from the environment and purifying the inhaled air from toxic aerosols and vapors in a filtering-absorbing system.

Gas masks do not enrich the inhaled air with oxygen, so they can be used in an atmosphere containing at least 17% oxygen (by volume).

ANTI-GAS CONSISTS:

• front part;
• filtering and absorbing system (FPS), which are connected to each other directly or using a connecting tube. The PMG gas mask kit includes a bag and anti-fog films, and, depending on the type of gas mask, may include intercom membranes, a knitted hydrophobic cover, overhead insulation cuffs, a waterproof bag, a flask cover with a valve and a tag.

FACIAL REGION (helmet-mask or mask) is designed to protect the face and eyes from OV, RP, BA, supply purified air to the respiratory organs and discharge exhaled air into the atmosphere. It consists of:

• hulls;
• spectacle knot;
• valve box;
• fairings and head attachment systems.

The front parts are made of gray or black rubber.

FILTER-ABSORBING SYSTEM is designed to clean the inhaled air from aerosols and vapors of ОВ, RP, BA. Air cleaning from aerosols is carried out by an anti-aerosol filter, and from vapors by an absorbing layer of coal-catalyst.

For gas masks of various types, the FPS can be made either in the form of a filter-absorbing box (FPC), or in the form of a filter-absorbing element (FPE). In certain conditions, FPS can consist of FPC and an additional cartridge. Additional cartridges and FPK have a cylindrical metal case with a bottom and a lid, sealed during storage with a rubber stopper and a metal cap with a rubber gasket.

CONNECTING TUBE is designed to connect the front part with the FPC.

Respiratory protection equipment and rules for their use.

1. Means of protection of respiratory organs

Filtering gas masks and respirators are the main means of personal protection of the respiratory system, face and eyes from toxic substances (OM), radioactive dust (RP) and biological aerosols. The principle of their protective action is based on preliminary purification (filtration) of air inhaled by a person from various harmful impurities.

1.1. Combined arms filter gas mask EO - 16 (62)

The set of the EO-16 (62) combined-arms filtering gas mask consists of a helmet-mask, a filtering-absorbing box (FPK), a bag for a gas mask and a box with anti-fog films.

The helmet-mask consists of:

Fairing with goggles;

Valve box with inhalation and exhalation valves;

Intercom;

Filter box connection sockets;

Connecting tube (for. EO-16).

The filter-absorbing box consists of:

Housings;

Charge of activated carbon;

Smoke filter;

Outer neck;

Inner neck;

Rubber stopper.

The selection of the helmet-mask is carried out according to the size, which is determined by measuring the head along a closed line passing through the crown, chin and cheeks:

USE OF A GAS MASK.

The gas mask is used in the "marching", "ready" and "combat" positions. To transfer the gas mask to the "stowed" position, you must: put on a bag with a gas mask over your right shoulder so that it is on the left side and its valve is facing away from you. Adjust the length of the shoulder strap so that the top edge of the bag is in line with the waist strap. Unfasten the bag valve, take out the gas mask, check the condition of the helmet-mask, glasses glasses, inhalation and exhalation valves. Inspect the FPK and check the presence of a rubber stopper, the reliability of the connection of the helmet-mask with the FPK, the presence of a box with anti-fog films. Close the bottom hole of the FPC with a rubber stopper. Put the gas mask in the bag and close its valve. Slide the bag with the gas mask back and secure it to the torso with a belt strap.

To transfer the gas mask to the "ready" position, you need to: move the bag with the gas mask forward, unfasten the bag valve and remove the rubber stopper from the FPC.

The gas mask is transferred to the "combat" position by the "Chemical alarm" signal, by the command of "Gaza", and also independently.

To transfer the gas mask to the "combat" position, you must:

1. Hold your breath, close your eyes, take the weapon "on the belt" (put it on the ground, squeeze it between your legs).

2. Take off the headgear, and with the chinstrap lowered, fold the headgear back.

3. Take out the gas mask, take with both hands the thickened edges at the bottom of the helmet-mask so that the thumbs are outside and the rest are inside it.

4. Attach the lower part of the helmet-mask under the chin and with a sharp movement of the hands up and back pull the helmet-mask over the head so that there are no folds and the goggles are against the eyes.

5. Eliminate the skew and folds, if they formed during putting on, exhale completely, open your eyes and resume breathing.

6. Put on a hat, fix the gas mask on the body, if this has not been done earlier.

Errors that decrease the grade by one point:

The student did not close his eyes and did not hold his breath or, after putting on, did not exhale completely;

The helmet-mask is worn skewed or the connecting tube is twisted.

Errors that determine the grade "unsatisfactory":

The formation of such folds or distortions is allowed, in which the outside air can penetrate under the helmet-mask;

The nut of the connecting pipe is not completely screwed on (screwed in).

REGULATIONS:

Take off the gas mask by the command "Take off the gas masks" or "Take off the protective equipment." At this command, remove the headdress, take the valve box with your hand, pull the front part down slightly and remove the gas mask by moving your hand forward and up. Put on a hat, fold the gas mask and put it in your bag. If necessary, turn the removed front part inside out, dry and wipe with a clean cloth.

Using a defective gas mask.

If the helmet-mask is damaged, it is necessary: ​​to hold your breath, close your eyes, unscrew the FPK, take the neck of the FPK in your mouth, pinch your nose and breathe through your mouth. Do not open your eyes. When changing the helmet-mask: hold your breath, take a working helmet-mask and connect it to the FPK. Then put on a gas mask, exhale, open your eyes and resume breathing.

If the connecting tube is damaged, you must: hold your breath, close your eyes, unscrew the connecting tube, attach the FPC to the helmet-mask, exhale, open your eyes and resume breathing.

1.2. Respirator R-2

The R-2 respirator is a filtering half mask consisting of: two inhalation valves, one exhalation valve, a headband and a nose clip.

In the "stowed" position, the respirator is placed in a plastic bag with the exhalation valve down, closed with a ring and stored in a gas mask bag under the face of the gas mask.

Use of a respirator.

The respirator is transferred to the "combat" position by the command "Put on the respirators", as well as independently.

To transfer the respirator to the "combat" position, you must:

1. Take off the hat or fold it back on the chin strap.

2. Remove the respirator from the gas mask bag and from the bag.

3. Put a respirator on your face so that the chin and nose are located inside the half mask.

4. Adjust the headband straps so that one strap is on the parietal part of the head and the other on the occipital.

5. Press the ends of the nose clip against the nose.

6. Put on a hat and fasten the valve of the gas mask.

Errors that decrease the score by one point: the ends of the nose clip of the respirator are not pressed against the nose.

REGULATIONS:

The respirator is removed by the command "Take off the respirators". At this command, remove the headdress, remove the respirator. Put on a hat, put the respirator in a plastic bag and put it in a gas mask bag. It is not recommended to turn the respirator inside out in order to avoid mechanical damage.

To decontaminate the respirator, you must carefully knock out the dust by tapping it on an object. Remove dust from the inside of the half mask by wiping with a damp cloth or cotton wool and dry.