Symmetry and national ornament of Komi

Goals:

1. Educational:

• determining the role of symmetry in life and nature;
• shape transformation;
• finding studied geometric transformations in Komi ornaments.

2. Developmental:

• development of horizons and cognitive interest based on practical application.

3. Educational:

• enriching the spiritual experience of students with the values ​​of regional culture;
• development of interest in the culture of the Komi people.

Tasks:

1. To maintain students' interest in studying mathematics and experiencing the beauty of the Komi region.
2. To form an idea of ​​the integrity of Komi cultures.

Hypothesis. The relationship between geometric concepts and Komi national ornament.

Relevance. It is good to know the culture and heritage of your people.

• Symmetry is the fundamental principle of the structure of the world.
• Ornament is an imprint of the soul of the people - the art of ornament.
• National ornament of Komi.

"Symmetry is the fundamental principle of the structure of the world"

"Symmetry, no matter how wide or narrow
we didn't understand this word, there is an idea,
with which a person tried
explain and create order,
beauty and perfection."
Hermann Weil.

Symmetry or movement is the immutability of an object in relation to any transformations performed on it.

Let's touch on an amazing mathematical phenomenon - symmetry. In ancient times, the word "symmetry" was used as "beauty", "harmony" ("harmony" translated from Greek means "proportionality, uniformity in the arrangement of parts"). The famous German scientist and mathematician of the 20th century, Hermann Weyl, defined symmetry in this way: “Symmetry is the idea with which man has been trying for centuries to explain and create order, beauty and perfection.” Concept axial symmetry often used when solving geometric problems, when constructing graphs even function, in architecture, in crystallography, in fabric painting.

Everything beautiful makes us happy. We involuntarily note to ourselves the unusual sunset, the unusual leaves of plants, the strict forms of crystals. When we talk about something amazing, we mentally contemplate it again. Gradually, we form a picture of the world around us, we find commonality in various objects.

• What is symmetry?
• Which deep meaning embedded in this concept?
• Why does symmetry literally permeate the entire world around us?

It turns out that symmetry is the idea through which man for centuries has tried to comprehend and create order, beauty and perfection.

Symmetry is the correctness of forms and a certain order.

Let us repeat together what types of symmetry you already know:

Central symmetry, or symmetry about a point.

O – fixed point. Any point (A) of figure F goes to the corresponding point (B) of figure F1, i.e. The equality must be satisfied: OA = OB.

Picture 1

Axial symmetry, or symmetry about a straight line.

J – fixed straight line. Any point (X) of figure F goes to the corresponding point (Y) of figure F1, i.e. the equality must be satisfied: XO = OU and XY is perpendicular to J.

Figure 2

Symmetry of rotation.

O – fixed point. Beam OA transforms into ray OA1 when rotated by a given angle and OA = OA1, and this is done with any point of the original figure.

Figure 3

Parallel transfer.

All points of the figure are shifted in the same direction by the same distance. IN Cartesian coordinates parallel transfer is given by the formulas: X1 = X + a, Y1 = Y + b.

Figure 4

"Ornament is like an imprint of the soul of the people"

"The art of ornament contains implicitly
most the ancient part known to us
higher mathematics."
Hermann Weil.

Admiring the man-made beauty of the ornaments embodied in objects of decorative and applied art - carpets, tapestries, embroidery - we did not think about the role of geometry in the creation of these works. Meanwhile, the combination of the master’s talent and his geometric skills occupies an important place in ornamental art. Ornament (from the Latin ornamentum - decoration) is a pattern consisting of repeating, rhythmically ordered elements. The ornament is intended for decoration various items(dishes, furniture, textiles, weapons) and architectural structures.

In the construction of the ornament, the principle of symmetry is used mainly. Considering different compositions, it is easy to see that the ornament can be continued in different directions, even if its original composition is limited and closed.

Depending on the nature of the composition and location on the surface to be decorated, the ornament can be of several types:

• ribbon (also called border);
• mesh;
• rosette.

In folk art, where the ornament was most widespread, stable forms and principles for constructing the ornament gradually took shape, which largely determined the national artistic traditions different nations. Every era, every national culture developed its own system of ornamentation - motifs, shapes, placement on the surface to be decorated. Therefore, it is often possible to determine by the ornament to what time and to what country a particular work of art belongs.

In each of us there is a family memory or genetic memory that stores everything that surrounded our ancestors. The multicolored ornaments helped us awaken this dormant memory. Each era, each culture developed its own system of ornaments.

In each national ornament, the patterns were not random, but deeply symbolic.

Russian ornament, contains an ornamental composition depicting female figures. Russian ornaments contain symbols of the sun, fertility, wishes for happiness, motherhood; trees and female figures accompanied by horses and birds were depicted.

Ancient pagan ornament, which depicts two horsewomen Lada and Lelya, whose hands are lowered to the ground, where the harvest is ripening, and the whole composition is saturated solar signs, belongs to the peoples of the North of Russia.

Mordovian ornament It looks like a carpet, thanks to the tightly laid stitches. It used woolen threads, and red and black tones predominated.

Tatar ornament pleases with a riot of colors floral ornament, in which there are practically no images of animals, much less people. One of the reasons for this is the prohibitions of the Muslim religion on the depiction of living beings.

Chuvash ornament Characterized by a combination of geometric patterns with plant and animal motifs. The main colors are muted - red, madder with yellow, green, blue.

On Ukrainian ornament I admire the naturalness of fresh flowers. Ukrainian ornaments are dominated by geometric patterns of rosettes, rhombuses, stars, and flowers, the images of which are conveyed very naturally.

Eastern ornament amazes with the brilliance of the golden vignettes and the intricacy of the design.

For Komi folk art, the most characteristic form of decoration is an ornament - a pattern consisting of repeating, rhythmically ordered motifs. Researchers note the closeness of the geometric patterns of the Komi to the ornament of the Volga Finns, the peoples of North-Eastern Europe (Estonians, Karelians, the population of the Russian North) and North-Western Siberia (Khanty, Mansi). Probably the similarity of the ornamental motifs various peoples was due to their common ancient basis.

"National ornament of Komi"

IN scientific literature dedicated to the study folk art Komi, several points of view are expressed regarding the origin and development of various compositions and variants of geometric patterns among the Komi. In particular, in the geometric patterns of Komi knitted products, three main variants are distinguished: Izhemsky - with a predominance of the so-called seven-fold borders; Vashko-Mezensky and Srednesysolsky - wide borders and mesh patterns; Verkhnevychegda - which is characterized by features of groups 1 and 2 of patterns.

Depending on the motives, several groups of Komi geometric patterns are distinguished:

1. Patterns of simple geometric motifs - dots, squares, rectangles, diamonds, crosses, diagonal lines, triangles - are presented in most types of technology.
2. Patterns with transverse and longitudinal stripes, patterns of combined squares, rectangles and stepped diamonds are typical for knitting, carved items and fur mosaics.

In Komi textiles, the most numerous and varied are diagonal geometric patterns, in which several main compositions are distinguished:

• (a) so-called seven-shaped borders (discontinuous and continuous);
• (b) mesh patterns;
• (c) patterns of asymmetrical structure (tangle);
• (d) symmetrical patterns, which are characterized by equality between the pattern and the background.

Plant and ornithomorphic ornamental motifs are found in embroidery on clothes, towels and various bedspreads among the Izhem, Verkhnevychegda, Vym and Udora Komi. Towels often combine embroidered (floral) and woven (geometric) patterns. The hems of aprons, bedspreads and the ends of towels were often decorated with lace with floral patterns.

Floral and ornithomorphic ornamental motifs are also typical for printed homespun canvas, covered with a pattern using special printed boards. Komi people mainly sewed sundresses from printed fabric.
The most common printed cloth among the Komi is blue fabric with a simple floral pattern in white or yellow flowers. More complex printing was made using several printing boards and paints of different colors: several ornamental stripes of different motifs and colors were printed on one piece of fabric.

It turns out that one of the main parts folk art Komi is an ornament. They were used to decorate various household items, including fabrics and furs. The art of ornament has been passed down from generation to generation. Along with mastering the methods of making a particular product, a sense of rhythm, color harmony, and proportionality develops.

From the point of view of symmetry, the entire variety of Komi ornamental compositions comes down to several categories. The ornament of the Komi peoples includes the following types: border; mesh pattern; diagonally - geometric patterns; septenary borders.

Let us give an example of just this type of border - this is a pattern consisting of a number of equal figures, rhythmically located along one straight line, i.e. curb axles.

Any border has transfer symmetry along an axis (transfer axis).

The borders also have mirror symmetry.

Borders that have transverse axes of symmetry.

Borders in which the translation axis is the axis of sliding reflection.

Curbs that have 2nd order rotary axes perpendicular to the plane of the curb.

Curbs that are based on combining a sliding reflection axis with 2nd order rotation axes perpendicular to the plane of the curb.

Borders based on a combination of mirror images.

In the decorative and applied arts of the Komi peoples, the element used in ornamentation is "pass".

The word "pas" in the Komi language is ambiguous: it means a mark; personal or family signature; signs of ownership: brand, brand, tamga, seal, numerical and counting signs, alphabet signs. The passes bear the names of various animals or their parts, trees, etc. And if we look at the images of passes, we will see in them a familiar symmetry.

This table shows the elements of the Komi geometric pattern and their names.

Possessing its uniqueness and originality, applied arts Komi carries within itself human values, being integral part Russian and world culture.

It was the custom of Komi craftswomen to embroider headdresses, sleeves of clothes, hems of sundresses, shoulders of shirts, belts, sashes, and aprons with ornaments. The variety of ornaments is difficult to imagine.

Patterned knitting on five knitting needles occupies one of the significant places among other types of traditional Komi art. Mostly mittens and stockings are decorated, and less often gloves.

Geometric transformations are associated with the great and deep art that the Komi people possess.

Ornament for the Komi is a kind of sign system, partly replacing writing and accompanying every person throughout his entire life path. The art of ornament contains in an implicit form the most ancient part of the higher mathematics known to us.

Conclusion.

The twentieth century, with its desire to break everything down into parts and analyze it, could not help but show close interest in the ancient art of ornament - almost the first form of aesthetic transformation by man of the surrounding world.

It is known that art is constantly evolving. Old technologies are constantly being layered with more and more advanced ones, and old forms are being used more and more whimsically. Does the art of ornament change over time? It seems that ancient Egyptian or ancient Russian ornaments are already perfect and are not prone to further transformations and development. However, in the middle of the 20th century, M. Escher (1898-1972) came from mathematics to art and surprised the world with the creation of previously unseen ornaments. Lizards and birds, fish and people are intertwined in his graphic sheets in dense, mathematically strict patterns. And quite soon it became obvious that the 20th century, which so clearly gravitated towards the exact sciences, was most clearly expressed precisely in these patterns. Moreover, today it is clear that the worldview of the people, their originality is most clearly revealed precisely in ornamental compositions, which obviously presuppose high level understanding the world.

In the 19th century, only a few researchers collected examples of ornamental art within the framework of ethnography. In the 20th century, scientists of various specialties began to study ornament in all its diversity: in everyday objects of ancient cultures, in poetry and music, in architecture and dance.

They began to see the ornament as something more than just decoration. The basis of any ornament is a strict rhythmic pattern. And since various rhythms constitute the very essence of any work of art, each of them can be considered as a unique ornament. Almost all constructivist and abstractionist movements in the art of the 20th century did this. Artists of these movements decomposed a living impression into the smallest component parts and then put them together into a painting, a sculptural volume, an architectural space, a dance or a film. Moreover, today, at the very beginning of the 21st century, it is already possible to determine the most profound feature of the thinking of a person of the past century - ornamentation. Everything in the physical, mental and spiritual world of a person is made up of simple and fairly clear elements (the motif of an ornament), which, one way or another, interacting with each other, make up a multidimensional picture.

There is not and cannot be any narrative in the ornament.

This is not a story about anything or the transfer of information. The ornament does not try to tell a person anything. It only captures rhythms. These are the rhythms of human feelings, actions and thoughts. A person cuts down a tree or paints a picture, plays the violin or goes to work - all these are rhythmically organized elementary movements of the arms, legs, and whole body. And thanks to this organization, a person achieves his goal, and does not make random movements. Joys and sorrows alternate rhythmically in our lives. We even think in a certain rhythm. We are trying to express the structure of this rhythm in ornament.

Through rhythms, their strict ordering (or better said, through their sensitive perception) mathematics enters into the ornament. It is difficult to say who is more involved in the study of ornament today – art historians or mathematicians. In understanding the structure and technology of creating (perceiving) ornaments, mathematicians have perhaps achieved more. After all, mathematical correctness, purely numerical relationships, enter into the very essence of the art of ornament and become an expressive means. Think about it, this is very characteristic of the art of the 20th century: “Number becomes a means of expression.”

The ubiquity of symmetry seems strange if you do not see that symmetry is the very essence of ourselves and the world in which we live. A person's body is symmetrical, and his life is symmetrical. The future and past are symmetrical in relation to the present. The "Lower World" is the symmetrical reverse of the "Upper World". The bizarre patterns of cause and effect in all our actions are also unusually symmetrical.

The main types of symmetry, which were fully used in the ornaments of ancient eras, are reflection, rotation and translation. Mirror symmetry (reflection) remains a symbol of symmetry today.

Children's turntable toys and Russian round dances, the Greek meander and the raking movement of the melody in a strict polyphonic style - all this is an expression of the symmetry of rotation. The pattern itself remains the same, only the point of view on it has changed. This change is reflected by ornaments based on the symmetry of rotation.

The most common type of symmetry that we everyday life and we don’t take it for symmetry - transfer (translation). Almost all human actions (external and internal) are a transfer of simple elementary movements of the body or soul.

We retell it to someone interesting story, we put on an outfit we liked on someone else, we think the way we were taught at school, we just walk down the street - all these are transfers.

And it’s probably worth saying that three main types of symmetry are simply necessary for us in our everyday mental life. With the help of turning, we seem to fence off “our space”, “our time”, “our world”, placing ourselves in the center, considering ourselves the axis of rotation. Using reflection, we can look at ourselves from the outside. And with the help of transfer we master the world, expanding, as far as possible, your own.

Literature:

1. Zherebtsov I.L. " Settlements Komi Republic", Historical and Demographic Directory, Moscow, 2001.
2. "Heraldry of the Komi Land", National Museum RK, compiled by Ananina E.A.
3. "Link of Times", comp. Zherebtsov I.L. and Kurochkin M.I., Repentance Foundation, Syktyvkar, 2000.
4. SYKTYVKARinfo – http://www.syktyvkar.komi.ru
5. Encyclopedia "Komi Republic", KSC Ural Branch RAS, Syktyvkar, 1999.
6. "Komi Republic. Administrative-territorial division", Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Komi Republic, Syktyvkar, 1992.
7. Klimova G. "Textile ornament of Komi", Syktyvkar, 1984.

Target: deepen children's understanding of the signs and symbols in the Komi folk ornament. Developmental tasks: * Develop the skill of making patterns from various elements. * Promote the development of imagination. Educational tasks: *Cultivate neatness. *Arouse interest in the art of the Komi people.

Ornament - This is the decoration of a product (thing) with various geometric, plant, and animal elements.

The ornament served not only as decoration, it also performed other roles: it protected against the evil eye, magical meaning;

Needlewomen decorated belts with ornaments. The belt protected from evil spirits, and helped the hunter not to get lost in the forest. The belts were knitted from wool, woven from threads, wicker, leather; narrow and wide.

Others refer to representatives of the animal world (horn, insects, ...)

Still others are images of plants (Christmas tree pattern, flower, grain...)

Vegetable

Animal

Subject

Distribute the ornaments into groups.

Animal

Subject

Figures of people

Cow collar

Ram's horns

Horns of the young

Adult horns

Cow horns

Deer collar

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Slide captions:

Komi folk ornament.

Goal: to deepen students’ understanding of the signs and symbols in the Komi folk ornament. Developmental tasks: * Develop the skill of making patterns from various elements. * Promote the development of imagination. Educational objectives: *To cultivate neatness. *Arouse interest in the art of the Komi people.

Ornament is the decoration of a product (thing) with various geometric, plant, and animal elements.

The ornament served not only as decoration, it also performed other roles: it protected against the evil eye, it had a magical meaning; Needlewomen decorated belts with ornaments. The belt protected against evil spirits, and helped the hunter not to get lost in the forest. The belts were knitted from wool, woven from threads, wicker, leather; narrow and wide.

The ornaments contain simple geometric elements (motifs): dots, squares, rectangles, diamonds, crosses, triangles, diagonal lines. In more complex patterns these elements are combined.

Patterned knitting was very common. The pattern looks like ornamental elements different colors nested one inside the other. Why did you knit the pattern? The thing became warmer, and the pattern served as a talisman.

Ornaments can be divided into several main groups: - some are associated with tools and other objects (teeth, saws, cross, compass...)

Others refer to representatives of the animal world (horn, insects,...) - still others are images of plants (Christmas tree pattern, flower, grain...)

The fourth were images of human figures.

Distribute the ornaments into groups. Plant Animal Subject

Distribute the ornaments into groups. Human figures Animal Subject man woman Horns of a young deer compass Horns of an adult deer Cow horns Ram horns Deer collar Cow collar star

Painting a mitten with elements of the Komi ornament (student work).

Literature: 1. Gribova L.S. Decorative and applied art of the Komi people. 1980. 2. Historical and cultural atlas of the Komi Republic. Moscow. 1997. 3. Traditional culture of the Komi people. Ethnographic essays Syktyvkar.1994. 4. Klimova G. Komi textile ornament. Internet resources: foto.mail.ru › Photo › NATIONAL COSTUMES Part 1/6

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Decorative drawing in the strip of ornamental elements of the Komi people.

Integrated lesson ( art+ local history). This lesson promotes the development of multicultural education....

Fine art "Geometric ornament. How different ornaments are obtained"

Objective of the lesson: To have an idea of ​​ornament and geometric ornament. Understand how to geometric shapes you get different ornaments, and be able to create them.Educational...

Mitten, scarf, hat... At first glance, it’s an ordinary knitted item. Yes, different colour, different patterns. Have you ever thought that each symbol in an ornament has its own meaning, its own sacred meaning?

Komi mythology is very interesting. The Komi worshiped sacred trees and believed that after death a person’s soul moves into a tree. They also revered animals. The most significant among the Komi are the cult of the bear (Osh) and the myth of the duck - the ancestor of all life on earth.

Among the ancient Komi, the world was divided into 3 parts: the upper world (where the gods lived, birds flew and the sun shone), middle world(the world of animals and people) and the lower world (fish and spirits, personifying material values And underworld). The symbolism of ornaments is closely related to these ideas.

The Komi ornament has many varieties, it has common features with ornaments of the Slavs and Finno-Ugric peoples. Not surprising, because Komi has many neighbors: Vologda, Kirov, Arkhangelsk region, Perm Territory, Nenets, Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansiysk districts. Residents of the Ust-Tsilemsky and Izhemsky districts managed to preserve a special type of ornaments. As a result of all this, each region has formed its own artistic variety of ornament, all together they create the unique look of patterned knitting of the Komi people.

These symbols did not appear on household items or clothing by chance. They were considered protective - that is, they protected the owner from evil spirits and misfortunes, and attracted good luck and health.

The Komi have no common color meanings; each region had its own preferences. Most often, products for women were brighter, more elegant, while products for men were calmer in style. color scheme, there are also black and white. But, as a rule, red was still considered a talisman. Komi often used black or dark brown for contrast.

ZIGZAGS. This is an image of water that takes away all negative aspects from your life. Zigzag also distorts space, preventing evil spirits from influencing you.

BEREGINYA (among the Slavs Makosh) is a sacred female deity that protects women’s health, well-being, and family.

DEER (deer antlers). Among the Komi, deer is a symbol of life; without it, life in the north is impossible. Among the Slavs, the deer is full of solar symbolism. Branched horns have always been associated in people's minds with sun rays, crown, “tree of life”. The ability to replace old horns with new ones was seen as a special power of renewal and rebirth.

HOME is stability, protection, family well-being.

THE SUN (in Komi SHONDI) is a bright amulet, like the sun it protects life, warms, and protects from evil spirits. This ornament is used mainly in the region of Sysola and Vychegda, and less frequently in other regions of Komi.

OREPEY, BURRODY - a Slavic protective sign, “catchy”, attracting happiness, good luck and prosperity. Symbol of happiness, peace of mind, and balance. Suitable for both women and men.

FISH is a symbol of wealth, material well-being. According to the Komi, fish is a representative of the lower world, which is also responsible for material values.

Previously, on the territory of Komi, silver coins were in use, and fish scales look exactly like these coins, perhaps that is why in the Komi language the word “money” and “scales” are called the same - “SEM”

FIELD (VIDZ) - among the Komi and Slavs - a symbol of fertility, continuation of life. A sown field is one of the main ancient symbols. This symbol was treated with the same reverence as the sun and water. A sown field meant prosperity and wealth, prosperity and success. The symbol allows you to increase a person’s vitality, make him more self-confident, and enhances his ability to bear children.

Lesson - research for 2nd grade students on the topic

"INDIGENOUSPEOPLES OF THE KAMIA. KOMI-PERMYAK ORNAMENT"

Target: To promote the development of cognitive interest in the traditional culture of the peoples of the Kama region.

Tasks:

Educational:

develop creative and cognitive activity

develop emotional, aesthetic perception, creative abilities.

Educational:

to cultivate accuracy and the ability to complete the work started, perseverance

promote education caring attitude To cultural heritage, to the history and traditions of their region, respect for people of different nationalities.

Educational:

introduce students to characteristic features ornaments of the Komi-Permyak people.

develop skills for consistent work.

Lesson type: learning new material.

Lesson format: lesson study

Teaching methods: verbal, explanatory-illustrative, practical, creative.

Teaching techniques: conversation, asking questions, demonstrating.

Teaching techniques: observing, listening, answering questions.

Equipment: media projector, laptop, screen, map Perm region, contour map Perm region - for each desk, watercolor paints, brushes, paper.

Musical series: music of the Komi-Permyaks

Visual range: electronic presentation"Komi-Permyaks and their traditions"

PROGRESS OF THE CLASS.

INTRODUCTORY CONVERSATION

Teacher: In a certain kingdom, a certain state, namely the one in which we live, in our Perm region, more than a hundred peoples settled. And this is not a fairy tale, but a real reality. Say “Hello!” - and they will answer you: “Bur lun!” or “Isyanmesez!” And this is great: the more friends, the more interesting it is. And even such people - with their own language and their own wisdom, their own rituals and customs. They will share them with you - and you will become richer, as if you had found an ancient treasure. Some peoples are scattered throughout the Perm region, living everywhere, in the north and south, while others are concentrated in one settlement. But the Komi-Permyaks have vast lands, a whole district.

SETTING THE LEARNING OBJECTIVE

Teacher: Can you guess who we'll be talking about today?

Children answer

Teacher: What do you know about this people?

Children answer

Teacher: Until 2007, the Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug existed independently, but after the unification of the Perm region and the Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug, a new subject of the Russian Federation appeared - the Perm Territory. There is a border between the district and the Perm region, but only on the map. There are no border guards there: get on the bus and go. Find the Komi-Permyak district and its capital on the map yourself!

Children work with geographical map Perm region

Teacher: What is the name of the most Big City Komi-Permyak district.

Children answer

Teacher: One of the ancient legends says that a hero named Kudym once lived here. He built a fortified settlement – ​​“Kar”. This is how the settlement received the name Kudymkar - the ancient settlement of Kudym. Komi-Permyaks , indigenous people Prikamye. Until the 1920s They called themselves Permyaks, Permichs, Permyans, and after the formation of the Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug in 1925 - Komi-Permyaks.

Slide show.

ACQUISITION OF NEW KNOWLEDGE AND WAYS OF ACTION

Teacher: In ancient Komi-Permyak legends there are two famous heroes : Pera-Bogatyr and Kudym-Osh.

Kudym-Osh - “osh” in the Komi language means bear; Kudym-Osh - The tribal leader, the son of a bear, is endowed with the qualities of a hero: he discovered iron and taught his people crafts. Kudym-Osh – strong and courageous, can turn into a bear; bears “were his kin, they served his people.”

Slide show.

Pera the hero - protector of his people from enemies. Mno G Not many legends speak of Pera’s help to the Russian people; about Pera’s struggle against the oppressors, including the Stroganovs. Pera is a brave hero who performs feats in the name of saving the people from any enemies.

Slide show.

Teacher: What about the Zhilikomi-Permyaks in the old days? They set up their settlements near rivers, springs, and on large highways. Traditional housing Komi-Permyaks have a log hut made from various species of coniferous trees.

The Komi-Permyaks engaged in agriculture, animal husbandry, hunting, and fishing and collected herbs, mushrooms and berries.

Bread - " nannies" baked in a Russian oven, most often from rye or mixed rye and barley flour, only in wealthy households - from wheat. Dishes such as pancakes, pancakes, and unleavened juices were prepared from flour. Pies with various fillings were popular: turnip, cabbage, radish, mushroom. Dumplings are considered one of the main symbols of Komi-Permyak cuisine. The origin of these names is associated with Komi-Permyak words sang - ear, nyan b – bread – “bread ear”.

Slide show.

Teacher: Do you know that we all often speak Komi-Permyak? We got every second name on the map of the Perm region from ancient times from this language. Water in Komi-Permyak style "va" , and many of our rivers have names ending in “va.” What rivers of the Perm region do you know ending in “va”?

Children name rivers.

Teacher: And now I will name the rivers of the Perm region, and you will guess why they received such a name!

In our region there is a river Shakva, and in Komi-Permyak “tshak” is a mushroom!

Slide show. The children answer.

The Yusva River, in Komi-Permyak “yus” is a swan!

Slide show. The children answer.

In Komi-Permyak “ur” is a squirrel! What kind of river is this?

Slide show. The children answer.

In Komi-Permyak “osh” is……! So, what kind of river flows in our region with such a name...?

Children must guess for themselves and give the correct answer.

Teacher: You already understand that in our region most of The rivers received their names from the Komi-Permyak language. So, what other rivers do we have:

Velva - river starting on a hill

Vilva - fresh water

Ivan - divine river (women's tears)

Koiva - cold, icy (splashing) river

Kolva - hunting river

Kosva - shallow river (water)

Lysva - river flowing through coniferous forests

Capelin - beaver river

Obva - meadow snowy river

Pozhva - muddy water

Syuzva - river flowing where eagle owls live

Usva - noise falling water

Chusovaya - Chusva - fast water

Students and the teacher look for the names of rivers on the map.

Physical education minute.

Teacher: Now we will play a little and you will learn a few Komi-Permyak words: KI is HANDS, CHUNYOK is FINGERS, KYRYM is PALM. I will tell you these words in the Komi language, and you must show me your hands, fingers and palms. I will also show these body parts, but I may confuse you from time to time.

Teacher: Today in the lesson we will also get acquainted with the Komi-Permyak costume. Komi-Permyak craftsmen are famous for their weaving and knitting. The clothes of the Komi-Permyaks were in many ways similar to the clothes of the Russian people; they were embroidered at the corners, on the cuffs, and at the bottom. They especially liked to decorate belts. Now tell me what is the name of the alternating and repeating pattern that we saw on the suits!

The children answer.

Teacher: The ornaments of the Komi peoples can be divided into several groups:

WITH ANIMAL WORLD. The Komi-Permyaks call themselves a forest people, so many of the ornamental signs depicting a deer, the teeth of predatory animals, and the head of a bear are associated with the forest.

Slide show

RELATED TO WORK TOOLS. The people knew how not only to hunt, but also to plow the land and grow bread. Many signs of earth, a sown field, sheaves reflect peasant labor.

Slide show

WITH THE PLANT WORLD

Slide show

WITH IMAGE OF FIGURES OF PEOPLE

Slide show

Teacher: Nowadays we perceive the ornament as a beautiful decoration of an outfit, but in the old days people believed that these were amulets that would protect them from evil spirits and diseases. Patterns were embroidered primarily where the clothes ended, touching the open body: at the collar, on the hem, on the cuffs. Needlewomen decorated belts with ornaments; it was believed that the belt protected against evil spirits, and helped the hunter not to get lost in the forest.

The most common elements of the national ornament of the Komi-Permyaks:

PERNA - It has ancient origin, plays the role of a talisman, is protection from evil spirits and evil spirits. In addition, PERNA serves as a symbol of eternity, high aspirations and happiness.

SHONDI- a symbol of the sun, a good bright amulet, like the sun it protects from negative energy and protects from everything bad in life.

Slide show

Teacher: Where can we see the Komi-Permyak ornament?

The children answer, then the teacher shows slides with images of textile products on which the Komi-Permyak ornament is applied.

Children name the elements of the ornament.

Teacher: Now it’s winter, it’s very cold and all of us have very cold hands in the cold. You and I will draw a Komi-Permyak ornament on the mittens, which I will now give to you!

Children trace the mitten templates and then draw elements of the Komi-Permyak ornament on them.

4. RESULT OF THE LESSON. Reflection.

Teacher: Complete the following phrases:

I especially remember......

Today I found out......

I learned……

An exhibition of children's works is taking place. Identifying errors and grading.