Sonya Marmeladova and Rodion Raskolnikov in the novel Crime and Punishment. Mission of Sonechka Marmeladova (Dostoevsky F.M.) Sonia from crime and punishment briefly

Dostoevsky wrote his novel Crime and Punishment after hard labor. It was at this time that Fyodor Mikhailovich's convictions took on a religious connotation. The exposure of the unjust social order, the search for truth, the dream of happiness for all mankind were combined in this period in his character with a disbelief that the world could be remade by force. The writer was convinced that evil cannot be avoided under any structure of society. He believed that it comes from the human soul. Fyodor Mikhailovich raised the question of the need for the moral improvement of all people. Therefore, he decided to turn to religion.

Sonya is the ideal writer

Sonya Marmeladova and Rodion Raskolnikov are the two main characters of the work. They seem to be two opposite streams. The ideological part of "Crime and Punishment" is their worldview. Sonechka Marmeladova is a writer. It is a bearer of faith, hope, sympathy, love, understanding and tenderness. According to Dostoevsky, this is exactly what every person should be. This girl is the personification of the truth. She believed that all people have an equal right to life. Sonechka Marmeladova was firmly convinced that it was impossible to achieve happiness by crime - neither someone else's nor one's own. Sin always remains sin. It doesn't matter who did it and in the name of what.

Two worlds - Marmeladova and Raskolnikov

Rodion Raskolnikov and Sonya Marmeladova exist in different worlds. Like two opposite poles, these heroes cannot live without each other. The idea of ​​rebellion is embodied in Rodion, while Sonechka Marmeladova personifies humility. This is a deeply religious and highly moral girl. She believes that there is a deep inner meaning in life. Rodion's ideas that everything that exists is meaningless are incomprehensible to her. Sonechka Marmeladova sees divine predestination in everything. She believes that nothing depends on the person. The truth of this heroine is God, humility, love. For her, the meaning of life is a great power of sympathy and compassion for people.

Raskolnikov, on the other hand, ruthlessly and passionately judges the world. He cannot put up with injustice. It is from here that his crime and mental anguish stems from the work "Crime and Punishment". Sonechka Marmeladova, like Rodion, also steps over herself, but she does it in a completely different way from Raskolnikov. The heroine sacrifices herself to other people, and does not kill them. In this, the author embodied the idea that a person has no right to personal, selfish happiness. Patience must be learned. True happiness can be achieved only through suffering.

Why Sonya takes Rodion's crime to heart

According to the thought of Fyodor Mikhailovich, a person needs to feel responsibility not only for his actions, but also for any evil done in the world. That is why Sonya feels that there is also her fault in the crime committed by Rodion. She takes this hero's deed to heart and shares his difficult fate. Raskolnikov decides to reveal his terrible secret to this particular heroine. Her love revives him. She resurrects Rodion to a new life.

High inner qualities of the heroine, attitude to happiness

The image of Sonechka Marmeladova is the embodiment of the best human qualities: love, faith, sacrifice and chastity. Even being surrounded by vices, forced to sacrifice her own dignity, this girl retains the purity of her soul. She does not lose faith in the fact that there is no happiness in comfort. Sonya says that "a person is not born for happiness." It is bought by suffering, it must be earned. The fallen woman Sonya, who has ruined her soul, turns out to be a "man of a high spirit." This heroine can be put in the same "category" with Rodion. However, she condemns Raskolnikov for his contempt for people. Sonya cannot accept his "rebellion". But it seemed to the hero that his ax was raised in her name.

The clash of Sonya and Rodion

According to Fyodor Mikhailovich, this heroine embodies the Russian element, the folk principle: humility and patience, and towards a person. The clash of Sonya and Rodion, their opposite worldviews are a reflection of the writer's internal contradictions that disturbed his soul.

Sonya hopes for a miracle, for God. Rodion is convinced that there is no God, and it is pointless to wait for a miracle. This hero reveals to the girl the futility of her illusions. Raskolnikov says that her compassion is useless and her sacrifices are fruitless. It is not at all because of the shameful profession that Sonechka Marmeladova is a sinner. The characterization of this heroine, given by Raskolnikov during the collision, does not stand up to criticism. He believes that her feat and sacrifices are in vain, but at the end of the work it is this heroine who revives him to life.

Sonya's ability to penetrate the human soul

Driven by life into a desperate situation, the girl is trying to do something in the face of death. She, like Rodion, acts according to the law of free choice. However, unlike him, she did not lose faith in humanity, which Dostoevsky notes. Sonechka Marmeladova is a heroine who does not need examples to understand that people are kind by nature and deserve the brightest share. It is she, and only she, who is capable of compassion for Rodion, since she is not embarrassed by either the ugliness of his social fate, or the physical ugliness. Sonya Marmeladova penetrates into the essence of the soul through its "scab". She is in no hurry to judge anyone. The girl understands that behind the external evil there are always incomprehensible or unknown reasons that led to the evil of Svidrigailov and Raskolnikov.

The heroine's attitude towards suicide

This girl stands outside the laws of the world that torments her. She is not interested in money. She voluntarily, wanting to feed her family, went to the panel. And it was by her unbreakable and firm will that she did not commit suicide. When this question arose before the girl, she thought it over carefully and chose the answer. In her position, suicide would be a selfish act. Thanks to him, she would be spared from torment and shame. Suicide would have pulled her out of the stinking pit. However, the thought of family did not allow her to decide on this step. The measure of determination and will of Marmeladova is much higher than Raskolnikov assumed. In order to refuse suicide, she needed more resilience than in order to commit this act.

Debauchery for this girl was worse than death. However, humility precludes suicide. This reveals all the strength of the character of this heroine.

Sonya love

If you define in one word the nature of this girl, then this word is loving. Her love for her neighbor was active. Sonya knew how to respond to the pain of another person. This was especially evident in the episode of Rodion's murder confession. This quality makes her image "perfect". The verdict in the novel is pronounced by the author from the standpoint of this ideal. Fyodor Dostoevsky, in the image of his heroine, presented an example of forgiving, all-embracing love. She does not know envy, does not want anything in return. This love can even be called unspoken, because the girl never talks about her. However, this feeling overwhelms her. Only in the form of actions does it come out, but never in the form of words. Silent love only becomes more beautiful from this. Even the desperate Marmeladov bows before her.

The crazy Katerina Ivanovna also prostrates herself in front of the girl. Even Svidrigailov, this eternal lecher, respects Sonya for her. Not to mention Rodion Raskolnikov. Her love healed and saved this hero.

The author of the work, through reflections and moral searches, came to the idea that any person who finds God looks at the world in a new way. He begins to rethink it. That is why in the epilogue, when the moral resurrection of Rodion is described, Fyodor Mikhailovich writes that "a new history begins." The love of Sonechka Marmeladova and Raskolnikov, described at the end of the work, is the brightest part of the novel.

Immortal meaning of the novel

Dostoevsky, having justly condemned Rodion for his rebellion, leaves the victory for Sonya. It is in her that he sees the highest truth. The author wants to show that suffering purifies, that it is better than violence. Most likely, in our time, Sonechka Marmeladova would be an outcast. The image in the novel of this heroine is too far from the norms of behavior accepted in society. And not every Rodion Raskolnikov will suffer and suffer today. However, as long as "the world stands," the soul of a person and his conscience are always alive and will live. This is the immortal meaning of Dostoevsky's novel, who is rightfully considered a great writer-psychologist.

The image of Sonechka Marmeladova occupies an important place in the composition of the novel, helping to reveal its idea. The girl also has a huge impact on the entire fate of the main character - Rodion Raskolnikov, helps him understand delusions, and, in the end, morally cleanse himself.

For the first time, we learn about Sonya from the words of her father, who tells about the unfortunate daughter who was forced to sacrifice herself for the sake of her family - her closest people - who, if not for the earnings of Sonya, who went “on the yellow ticket,” would have nothing to feed herself.

Rodion, a man with a sensitive and naturally kind soul, sincerely regrets the girl, but her story pushes him to a crime. A cruel world where people like Sonya have to destroy themselves, and where the old woman-pawnbroker lives and thrives, sitting on other people's money! But he is mistaken, asserting that she, like him (after Rodion committed the crime), ruined herself by crossing the line (“you also crossed, you ruined your life”). But Sonya, unlike Raskolnikov, does not die morally, because she “stepped over” out of boundless Christian compassion and mercy. Raskolnikov, however, first of all wanted to test his theory: to find out "the trembling creature" he or "has the right". Rodion is drawn to Sonya, as to a person who, like himself, is on the other side of moral laws, and at the same time, does not understand how she, living in filth, dishonor and shame, manages to radiate so much good and keep straight. the same childish purity of the soul. But Sonya has no time to suffer from remorse or commit suicide, while others suffer (it is necessary to shift the entire burden of suffering onto herself!). It is in the desire to help everyone and everyone, as well as in faith - the salvation of the heroine. Sonechka Marmeladova's concern does not bypass Raskolnikov either: it is she who helps him to be reborn, makes him believe in God and abandon destructive ideas, adopting simple Christian values ​​(“love resurrected them, the heart of one contained endless sources of life for the heart of another”).

In general, the whole image of Sonya itself refutes Raskolnikov's theory. After all, it is clear to everyone (and Rodion) that Sonechka is not a "trembling creature" and is not a victim of circumstances, nothing has power over her faith and over herself, nothing can truly break or humiliate the heroine, and even

"The filth of a miserable environment" does not stick to it. Sonya herself, her views, actions do not fit into Rodion's theory. The same, according to Raskolnikov, like him, she, nevertheless, is not cut off from society, on the contrary, everyone loves her, and even the "rude, branded convicts" take off their hats and bow with the words: "Mother, Sofya Semyonovna, you are our mother, tender, sickly! "

Thus, Dostoevsky embodies the ideal of goodness and compassion in Sleep. The writer shows us all the power of sincere love for God and the qualities that this love generates in the heart of any person.

Sophia (Sonya) Semyonovna Marmeladova is a character in Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment.

Daughter of a titular councilor, a drunken former official Semyon Zakharovich Marmeladov, stepdaughter of Katerina Ivanovna Marmeladova, half-sister of Polina, Lidochka (Leni) and Kolya. Sonya Marmeladova, a holy sinner and harlot with an angelic heart, is one of the most famous heroines in world classical literature. For the first time, Raskolnikov hears about her from the lips of Marmeladov in the "drinking room" in the scene of their acquaintance.

Appearance

The appearance of Sonya Marmeladova was a kind of "mirror" of her spiritual qualities. Dostoevsky "endowed" Sonya with blue eyes, blond hair and a childish expression on his face. Many people associate this appearance with angelic purity and innocence. Sonya Marmeladova was about 18 years old, but she looked much younger because of the childish expression on her face. Here are some quotes about Sonya's appearance: - "about eighteen years old" - "small stature" - "fair-haired, her face is always pale, thin" - "pretty pretty blonde" - "with wonderful blue eyes" - "she seemed almost still a girl, much younger his age, almost a child. "

Character

The author does not often describe the character and personality of Sonya Marmeladova in the novel and does not use a large number of epithets. In this way, Dostoevsky wanted to make Sonya's character light and unobtrusive, almost invisible. This was his idea. Kind and merciful: "... but you don't know yet, you don't know what kind of heart it is, what kind of girl it is!" "... Yes, she will throw off her last dress, sell it, go barefoot, and give it to you, if you need it, this is how it is!" ... "... She got a yellow ticket, because my children are disappeared from hunger, sold herself for us! .. ". (Katerina Ivanovna, Sonya's stepmother) Meek and timid "Sonya, timid by nature ..." (author) "... anyone could offend her with almost impunity ..." (author) Patient and uncomplaining "... She, of course , with patience and almost resignedly she could endure everything ... "(author) Believers in God" ... God will not allow this ... "(Sonya)" ... You left God, and God struck you, betrayed the devil ! ... "(Sonya to Raskolnikov).

Obscene "profession

The text of the novel does not speak directly about Sonechka Marmeladova's profession. However, the reader guesses about Sonya Marmeladova's profession from some phrases in the text. This is how Sonechka's occupation is indicated in the novel: "my daughter, Sofya Semyonovna, was forced to receive a yellow ticket" (Marmeladov) "lives on a yellow ticket". As you know, girls of "obscene profession" had a yellow ticket in the middle of the 19th century. Sonya went on the "yellow ticket" because her family needed money. Sonya's father - an official Marmeladov - got drunk and lost his last job. Sonya's stepmother, Katerina Ivanovna, looked after three small children and ran a poor household. Sonya and Raskolnikov are united by the fact that both of them, guided by different motives, transgressed the Gospel commandments. She is forced to engage in prostitution, because her family does not find any other way to earn a living. Having met Rodion Raskolnikov, he finds a kindred spirit in him and, when he was sentenced to hard labor, voluntarily travels, like the wives of the Decembrists, to Siberia after him.

Lies and truth, good and evil, the struggle of ideas, the clash of characters - all this forms the basis of the conflict in the novel by FM Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment", perhaps the most famous work of the writer.

Humiliated, insulted, "little people", "underground people" are characters in almost all of Dostoevsky's works. So it is in Crime and Punishment. Children abandoned in the streets, a drunken girl on Konnogvardeisky Boulevard, a woman-suicide on the bridge, Marmeladov, Katerina Ivanovna, Raskolnikov himself with his mother and sister - all of them are clearly not happy, as if rejected by life, exist somewhere on the very edge, like as if over a precipice.

Sonechka Marmeladova belongs to these outcasts. She is the same as everything around, fallen, perishing, and at the same time she is completely different, she seems to belong to two worlds.

Sonya is a victim, and at the same time she is the embodiment of compassion, she gives all of herself to the perishing: her unfortunate family, the murderer Raskolnikov, finally. She does not live for herself, for others, and this is the meaning of her life.

She does not judge anyone, only herself, she regrets everyone, loves everyone, helps everyone as much as she can. This would seem a banal, stilted image of "embodied virtue", if not for the magnificent simplicity, not for the realistic authenticity with which Dostoevsky portrays his heroine. And - if not for her "fallen", extreme, "last", borderline position and state.

In its entirety, the image of Sonechka is revealed through the main character, Raskolnikov. She was sent to him, perhaps, for salvation. Their doom, their dependence on each other is clearly indicated in the very plot of the novel. Raskolnikov "accidentally" meets her erring father in a tavern and "accidentally", unwittingly, kills along with the old woman her cousin, Lizaveta, such a close person for Sonechka: Lizaveta brought the Gospel and read it together. "She," Sonia says about Lizaveta, "will see God." And even Sonechka does not reject such a man, who killed a kind and meek woman who did no harm to anyone. He only says in horror: "What have you done on yourself!"

Sonya and Rodion are in some ways very close, understandable to each other, necessary. Both are wounded by the injustice of life, both think first about their neighbor than about themselves, but Raskolnikov is all in captivity of his pride and crazy idea, he believes that he can "transgress", you can kill.

A textbook episode: Raskolnikov falls on his knees in front of Sonya. And he explains: "I bowed not to you, I bowed to all human suffering." Even at such a terrible time for him, pride speaks in him, he still thinks in high and abstract categories!

Also, at their next meeting, having learned that he had killed, Sonya hugs and kisses him, but there is no thought in her of "all human suffering": "You are no more miserable than anyone in the whole world now."

Sonya does not teach, does not preach, only at the terrible moment when he confesses to her, she calls him to repentance, because she only knows: he cannot be otherwise. She also reads to him about the resurrection of Lazarus only when he demands it (“I read to Elizabeth”).

Sonya surprisingly determines the cause of Raskolnikov's tragedy: “Why did I not know you before! Why didn't you come before? " Indeed, it is believed that if he had come to her first, nothing would have happened.

Raskolnikov lives entirely in moral categories and experiences, he wants justice, the truth as he understands it. Sonya is outside of morality, outside of truth as law. For everyone around, she is fallen, and she herself understands herself that way. But she is too capable of love, sacrifice, too pure, in spite of her apparent "fall." Even - an apparent paradox - maybe she becomes especially pure due to her fall.

She cannot understand Raskolnikov. With what naive touchingness she seeks an excuse for him: “… was hungry? To help your mother? " She does not bring him her "light", she is looking for his best in him: "How can you yourself give up the last, but you killed to rob!" Their first conversation in her room is terrible. He tempts her: "... they will take you to the hospital ... With Polechka ... the same will happen ..." And the worst thing, finally: "... what is God doing to you for this?"

But for Sonya, this question does not exist: "He does everything." Sonya remains true.

“I need you,” says Raskolnikov to Sonya, and she follows him. Does she need him? Undoubtedly. Only through him, through her main concern in life, she finally finds herself.

The life of Sonya and Raskolnikov in Siberia, in penal servitude, is a very special place in the novel. Sonya is going to follow his stage, they do not say a word about it, but both know that it will be so.

In hard labor, Raskolnikov suffers terribly, he is ill and it is not bondage, not hard labor, not physical difficulties and deprivation - the reason for his suffering. He suffers from wounded pride. He is even ashamed of Sonya and tortures her with "his contemptuous and rude treatment."

The prisoners did not like Raskolnikov, they even wanted to kill him as an atheist, and when meeting Sonya, they took off their hats and bowed. She was praised even for her small stature, not knowing what to praise for. "They even went to see her for treatment."

Dostoevsky himself went through hard labor, he knew what it was, could he raise his heroine higher! Finally, she incredibly revives, revives Raskolnikov. He had not yet revealed the Gospel, "but one thought flashed through him:" How can her convictions not now be my convictions? "

And Sonya herself now feels so happy that she is almost frightened of her own happiness. The image of Sonya Marmeladova is extremely important for Dostoevsky. This, of course, is not a "hagiographic" image. Sonya believes, but she is not at all aspiring to the "alien", "higher", she is all here, all on a sinful earth. But it is through her that the great writer designates his vision of the path of the victory of good over evil.

And there is no doubt that the small, dim, "dishonorable" Sonya Marmeladova is one of the best and most important female characters not only in the work of F. M. Dostoevsky, but in all of Russian classical literature.

Sonya Marmeladova is the central female character in Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. Her difficult fate evokes in readers an involuntary feeling of pity and respect, because in order to save her family from hunger, a poor girl is forced to become a fallen woman.

And although she has to lead an immoral lifestyle, in her soul she remains pure and noble, forcing us to think about real human values.

Characteristics of the main character

(Acquaintance with Sonya)

On the pages of the novel, Sonechka does not appear immediately, but after the commission of two crimes by Radion Raskolnikov. He meets her father, a minor official and a bitter drunkard, Semyon Marmeladov, and he, with gratitude and tears, tells about his only-begotten daughter Sonia, who, in order to feed her father, stepmother and children, goes to a terrible sin. Quiet and modest Sonia, unable to find another job, goes to the panel and gives all the money she earned to her father and his family. Having received a so-called "yellow ticket" instead of a passport, she has the legal opportunity to work as a prostitute, and it is unlikely that she will ever be able to give up this terrible and humiliating craft.

Sonya became an orphan early, her father married and started another family. There was always not enough money, the children were starving, and the embittered stepmother made scandals and, in despair from such a life, sometimes reproached her stepdaughter with a piece of bread. Conscientious Sonya could not stand this and decided on a desperate act in order to earn money for her family. The sacrifice of the poor girl struck Raskolnikov to the depths of his soul, and he was impressed by this story long before the very meeting with Sonya.

(Soviet actress Tatyana Bedova as Sonechka Marmeladova, film "Crime and Punishment" 1969)

We first meet her in the pages of the novel on the day her father was crushed by a drunken cabman. This is a slender blonde of short stature, about seventeen or eighteen years old, with gentle and remarkably beautiful blue eyes. She is dressed in a colorful and slightly ridiculous outfit, which directly indicates the occupation. Shyly, like a ghost, she stands on the threshold of the closet and does not dare to go there, which is why her conscientious and naturally pure nature makes her feel dirty and vicious.

The meek and quiet Sonya, who considers herself a great sinner, unworthy to be near ordinary people, does not know how to behave among those present, does not dare to sit next to Raskolnikov's mother and sister. She is humiliated and insulted by such low and vile people as the court councilor Luzhin and the landlady Amalia Fyodorovna, and she patiently and resignedly takes down everything, because she cannot stand up for herself and is absolutely defenseless against impudence and rudeness.

(Sonya listens to Raskolnikov, realizing, goes to help him, to his repentance)

And although outwardly she looks fragile and defenseless, behaves like a hunted animal, a huge spiritual strength is hidden inside Sonya Marmeladova, from which she draws strength to live on and help other miserable and disadvantaged people. This power is called love: to the father, to his children, for whom she sold her body and ruined her soul, to Raskolnikov, after whom she goes to hard labor and patiently endures his indifference. She does not hold any grudge against anyone, does not blame for her crippled fate, she understands and forgives everyone. In order not to condemn people and forgive their vices and mistakes, you need to be a very whole, strong and generous person, which is a simple girl with a difficult fate, Sonya Marmeladova.

The image of the heroine in the work

Timid and driven, aware of all her horror and shame of the situation, Sonya ( translated from Greek, her name means wisdom) patiently and resignedly carries his cross, without complaining or blaming anyone for such a fate. Her exceptional love for people and fiery religiosity give her the strength to endure her heavy burden and help those in need with a kind word, support and prayer.

For her, the life of any person is sacred, she lives according to the laws of Christ, and every criminal is an unhappy person for her, demanding forgiveness and atonement for his sin. Her strong faith and a great sense of compassion made Raskolnikov confess to the perfect murder, then sincerely repent, come to God, and this became for him the beginning of a new life and his complete spiritual renewal.

The image of the heroine, which has become an immortal classic, teaches us all great love for our neighbor, self-sacrifice and self-sacrifice. Sonya Marmeladova, the beloved heroine of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, because she embodied in the pages of the novel his most intimate thoughts and ideal ideas about the Christian religion. The life principles of Sonya and Dostoevsky are almost identical: it is a belief in the power of goodness and justice, that we all need forgiveness and humility, and most importantly, love for a person, no matter what sins he commits.