Filial gratitude and love for parents. Composition for the exam. Examples. The problem of gratitude: arguments from literature and reasoning about the nature of this feeling The problem of gratitude to loved ones arguments from literature

The problem of spirituality, spiritual man is one of the eternal problems of Russian and world literature

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin(1870 - 1953) - Russian writer and poet, first winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature

In the story "Master from San Francisco" Bunin criticizes bourgeois reality. This story is symbolic in its name. This symbolism is embodied in the image of the protagonist, who is a collective image of the American bourgeois, a man without a name, called by the author simply a gentleman from San Francisco. The lack of a name for the hero is a symbol of his inner lack of spirituality, emptiness. The thought arises that the hero does not live in the full sense of the word, but only exists physiologically. He only understands the material side of life. This idea is emphasized by the symbolic composition of this story, its symmetry. While "he was quite generous on the way and therefore fully believed in the solicitude of all those who fed and watered him, from morning till evening they served him, preventing his slightest desire, guarding his purity and peace ...".

And after a sudden “death, the body of a dead old man from San Francisco returned home to his grave on the shores of the New World. Having experienced a lot of humiliation, a lot of human inattention for a week, having traveled from one port shed to another, it again finally got on the same famous ship, on which so recently, with such honor, it was transported to the Old World. " The ship "Atlantis" is sailing in the opposite direction, only carrying the rich man in a box of soda, "but now hiding him from the living - they lowered him deep into the black hold." And on the ship there is still the same luxury, well-being, balls, music, a fake couple playing in love.

It turns out that everything accumulated by him has no value before that eternal law to which everyone without exception is subject. Obviously, the meaning of life is not in the acquisition of wealth, but in something that does not lend itself to monetary valuation - everyday wisdom, kindness, spirituality.

Spirituality is not equal to education and intelligence and does not depend on it.

Alexander Isaevich (Isaakievich) Solzhenitsyn(1918-2008) - Soviet and Russian writer, playwright, publicist, poet, public and political figure who lived and worked in the USSR, Switzerland, USA and Russia. Laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature (1970). A dissident who for several decades (1960s - 1980s) actively opposed communist ideas, the political system of the USSR and the policies of its authorities.

A. Solzhenitsyn showed this well in the story "Matryonin's yard". Everyone mercilessly used Matryona's kindness and innocence - and amicably condemned her for this. Matryona, besides her kindness and conscience, did not accumulate other riches. She is used to living according to the laws of humanity, respect and honesty. And only death revealed to people the majestic and tragic image of Matryona. The narrator bows his head before a man of great disinterested soul, but absolutely unrequited, defenseless. With the departure of Matryona, something valuable and important passes away ...

Of course, the sprouts of spirituality are inherent in every person. And its development depends on upbringing, and on the circumstances in which a person lives, on his environment. However, self-education, our work on ourselves, plays a decisive role. Our ability to look into ourselves, ask our conscience and not dissemble in front of ourselves.

Mikhail Afanasievich Bulgakov(1891 --- 1940) - Russian writer, playwright, theater director and actor. Written in 1925, first published in 1968. The story was first published in the USSR in 1987

The problem of lack of spirituality in the story M. A. Bulgakova "Heart of a Dog"

Mikhail Afanasyevich shows in the story that humanity is powerless in the fight against the lack of spirituality that arises in people. In the center of it is an incredible case of the transformation of a dog into a man. The fantastic plot is based on the image of the experiment of the brilliant medical scientist Preobrazhensky. Having transplanted the seed glands and the pituitary gland of the brain of the thief and drunkard Klim Chugunkin into the dog, Preobrazhensky, to everyone's amazement, gets a man out of the dog.

Homeless Sharik turns into Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov. However, he retains the canine habits and bad habits of Klim Chugunkin. The professor, along with Dr. Bormenthal, tries to educate him, but all efforts are in vain. Therefore, the professor returns the dog to its original state again. The fantastic case ends idyllically: Preobrazhensky is engaged in his direct business, and the subdued dog lies on the carpet and indulges in sweet reflections.

Bulgakov expands the biography of Sharikov to the level of social generalization. The writer gives a picture of modern reality, revealing its imperfect structure. This is the story of not only Sharikov's transformations, but, above all, the history of a society developing according to absurd, irrational laws. If the fantastic plan of the story is completed by the plot, then the moral and philosophical remains open: the Sharikovs continue to multiply, multiply and establish themselves in life, which means that the “monstrous history” of society continues. It is such people who know neither pity, nor sorrow, nor sympathy. They are uncivilized and stupid. They have dog hearts from birth, although not all dogs have the same hearts.
Outwardly, the balls are no different from people, but they are always among us. Their non-human nature is just waiting to manifest. And then the judge, in the interests of his career and the fulfillment of the plan for solving crimes, condemns the innocent, the doctor turns away from the patient, the mother abandons her child, the various officials, whose bribes have already become the order of things, throw off their mask and show their true essence. All the highest and most sacred turns into its opposite, because a non-human has awakened in these people. Coming to power, they try to dehumanize everyone around them, because it is easier to control nonhumans, they have all human feelings replaced by the instinct of self-preservation.
In our country, after the revolution, all conditions were created for the appearance of a huge number of ball-balls with dog hearts. The totalitarian system contributes greatly to this. Probably due to the fact that these monsters have penetrated into all areas of life, Russia is still going through difficult times.

Boris Vasiliev's story "Don't Shoot White Swans"

Boris Vasiliev tells us about the lack of spirituality, indifference and cruelty of people in his story "Don't Shoot White Swans." Tourists burned a huge anthill so as not to feel uncomfortable with it, "watched a gigantic structure melt before our eyes, the patient labor of millions of tiny creatures." They looked with admiration at the fireworks and exclaimed: “Victory salute! Man is the king of nature. "

Winter evening. Highway. Comfortable car. It is warm, comfortable, music sounds, occasionally interrupted by the voice of the announcer. Two happy intelligent couples go to the theater - there is a meeting with beauty ahead. This wonderful moment of life could not be frightened away! And suddenly the headlights catch out in the dark, right on the road, the figure of a woman "with a child wrapped in a blanket." "Crazy!" - the driver shouts. And that's all - darkness! There is no former feeling of happiness from the fact that a loved one is sitting next to you, that very soon you will find yourself in a soft parterre chair and will be mesmerized to watch the performance.

It would seem a banal situation: they refused to give a ride to a woman with a child. Where to? What for? And there is no place in the car. However, the evening is hopelessly ruined. The situation of "déjà vu", as if it had already happened, - the thought of the heroine of A. Mass's story rushes through. Of course, it happened - and more than once. Indifference to someone else's misfortune, detachment, isolation from everyone and everything are not so rare phenomena in our society. It is this problem that the writer Anna Mass raises in one of her stories from the Vakhtangov Children cycle. In this situation, she is an eyewitness to what happened on the road. After all, that woman needed help, otherwise she would not have thrown herself under the wheels of a car. Most likely, she has a sick child, he had to be taken to the nearest hospital. But self-interest turned out to be higher than the manifestation of mercy. And how disgusting it is to feel your powerlessness in such a situation, it remains only to imagine yourself in the place of this woman, when "people who are satisfied with themselves are sweeping by in comfortable cars." The pangs of conscience, I think, will torment the soul of the heroine of this story for a long time: "I was silent and hated myself for this silence."

"Satisfied people" accustomed to comfort, people with small-property interests are the same Chekhov's heroes, "people in cases". This is Doctor Startsev in "Ionych", and teacher Belikov in "A Man in a Case." Let's remember how a plump, red "troika with bells" Dmitry Ionych Startsev rides, and his coachman Panteleimon, "also plump and red," shouts: "Keep the truth!" "Keep the truth" - after all, this is aloofness from human troubles and problems. There should be no obstacles on their safe path of life. And in Belikov's "no matter what happens," we still hear the sharp exclamation of Lyudmila Mikhailovna, the character of the same story by A. Mass: "What if this child is contagious? We also have children, by the way!" The spiritual impoverishment of these heroes is obvious. And they are not intellectuals at all, but simply - the bourgeoisie, the townsfolk, who imagine themselves "masters of life."

Hello dear readers. This article will cover gratitude problem: arguments from literature together with the author's essay are given below to prepare for the unified state exam.

The following arguments will be used:

- M. Gorky, "The Old Woman Izergil"

- E. Asadov, "To my mother"

From an early age, we are taught to be grateful to those who help and care for us. It's a noble feeling: the need to respond to self-respect. A person who is capable of experiencing sincere gratitude and appreciation is not inclined to possess such negative qualities as hatred, envy, and cruelty.

Coldness and indifference in response to a good deed cause resentment and disappointment. When we help someone, show our special disposition, give advice, we expect a response. After all, a person's gratitude shows that our efforts are not in vain, but useful and not indifferent to the recipient.

A noble person feels grateful even with little help from another. In the story “Izergil” by Maxim Gorky, the main character, the old woman Izergil, introduces us to the legend about the young, strong and courageous young man Danko.

When the tribe in which he lived was expelled from their lands into a dark, impenetrable forest, the tribesmen lost all hope of getting out alive. Danko accomplished a real feat: he inspired them and led them through the forest. However, the path was very difficult: people were exhausted, dying. Embittered, they blamed Danko and wanted to kill him. But the guy was not afraid and did not feel any anger towards the accusers.

His heart lit up with a bright fire of determination to save everyone, no matter what it cost him. Danko tore open his chest and took out a burning heart, which illuminated the road and helped people to get out to the bright sun and fresh air. Having achieved his goal, the guy smiled at freedom and fell dead. But not a single person showed gratitude to Danko and his feat, no one even noticed his death in the heat of their joy. He loved people very much and sacrificed his life for their sake, but did not receive even a kind word in return.

To go through a war is a great feat; letting your child go to fight is no less courage. In the poem "To my mother" by Eduard Asadov, the author expresses his gratitude to his mother. “And I thank you for that, that you didn’t teach me to bend, that since childhood I didn’t smolder, but burn.” Having become a father, the poet understands how heroic the hearts of the parents are, who sent their children on the road to mortal danger. He admires his mother, who, despite all the worries about her son, was able to take him “to the district committee” and raise him to a worthy person.

To summarize, throughout life we ​​experience gratitude towards many people: to someone it is a momentary flash, to others, gratitude can last a lifetime. One way or another, each of us should be able to express gratitude, because in this way we encourage people for worthy actions that change our world for the better.

Today we talked about “ The Gratitude Problem: Arguments from Literature. " You can use this option to prepare for the unified state exam.

In the center of our attention is the text of Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov, a Russian surgeon and naturalist, which describes the problem of gratitude to loved ones, a sense of duty to them.

Reflecting on this problem, the author recalls the past years, when the life of his family was not very good. Father died, and Nikolai's upbringing completely fell on the shoulders of his two older sisters and his mother. Despite the difficulties, the women raised the young man to his feet. Unfortunately, as the author himself admits, he did not fulfill his main duty - the debt of gratitude to his family.

Indeed, only close people, in spite of everything, can rush to help a person. They are not afraid of the consequences that may occur and find that it is easiest to get through difficulties together.

So, in the work of M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man" the author tells about Andrei Sokolov, as about a strong man who was able to endure all the tragedy of his fate. During the war

the whole family of the hero died, but he was able to endure this pain and took Vanyushka into education, calling himself his father. I am sure that the boy was grateful to his savior, as he saved him from death and gave him a family.

And in the work of A. Pristavkin "Goldfish" the main character tells about Lyusa, his sister, who was forced to live in an orphanage during the Great Patriotic War. The people who lived with her in the same room did not allow her to starve to death, and the girl was very grateful to them.

Thus, the ability to support a loved one, take care of him, help him with at least something, allows that person to survive even the most difficult life situations, but at the same time he should not forget to thank for the help.

(4 estimates, average: 2.50 out of 5)

Other works on this topic:

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(1) I increasingly think about how difficult it is to be truly grateful, that is, to benefit the one who once showed us a true good deed. (2) Disrespect for merit, and even more ingratitude, always seemed to my imagination in the most disgusting form. (3) In my heart I have never been ungrateful, but - alas!

Composition

Benefits are always disinterested, but any good deed, based on the very nature of a person, as a rule, should be followed by at least some kind of return. The only question is how soon it will come. What is gratitude and why is it so important to express it in a timely manner? Together with N.I. Pirogov, we will answer the questions raised by the writer in this text.

Reasoning about the nature of the feeling of gratitude and how it is reflected in our fate, the narrator reveals to us the fragments from his life in which he could not, did not have time, or perhaps did not want to thank someone, even if this very gratitude is in essence, "was a sacred duty." With annoyance, recalling the kindness and dedication of his loved ones, which throughout his life were shown in relation to the hero of the text, the author focuses our attention on the fact that fate did not give him the opportunity to show gratitude in time, which he himself recalls, not without pain in his heart years later. The severity of the debt to the benevolent family of Professor Moyer, as well as to his own mother and two older sisters, who in the most difficult period of their lives were able to raise a future scientist on their own, was reflected by unpleasant sensations in the future, a feeling of unfinished action.

N.I. Pirogov believes that gratitude is a desire "to benefit the one who once rendered us a true good deed." Even the most good-natured and inherently grateful person does not always timely express his gratitude to those people who deserve it in the most extreme degree. Later, this results in regret for the rest of our lives, which means that it is important and necessary to express our gratitude at the same moment when it arises in our souls.

I cannot but agree with the position of the author, because I also think that it is very important to thank others on time for their kindness. People who do good deeds, who sacrifice themselves for others, deserve to be simply said "thank you for everything." Many people underestimate these words, but, in fact, there is nothing better than them, spoken sincerely and with love. It's okay to once again say thanks to those who deserve it, it's really scary not to have time to say anything.

The hero of the story A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter". Petr Grinev, brought up in a noble family, respects good deeds. Therefore, he immediately gives his hare sheepskin coat to the traveler, who brought him and Savelich out of the blizzard to their home. Later, this series of thanks continues in the episode with the capture of the fortress. Grinev, who refused to obey the rebel, is left alive for the fact that he once managed to show his gratitude in time. Pugachev remembered how Peter gave him a sheepskin coat, and did not execute the hero.

But, unfortunately, not everyone knows how to show their gratitude in time, primarily due to their bad manners. So, for example, Mitrofanushka, the hero of the comedy D.I. Fonvizin, "The Minor", not only did not appreciate the love of his mother - he was a spoiled, stupid, ignorant, and therefore an ungrateful son. Prostakova was a rude woman and, perhaps, to some extent just as ungrateful, but she loved her son more than life, but in return she could not get even a kind word. In the finale of the comedy, Mitrofan rejects his loving mother after learning that Prostakova has lost her estate and her husband's village. The commentary of Starodum is exhaustive: "Here are evil worthy fruits."

In conclusion, I would like to emphasize the importance of showing gratitude in a timely manner. Work, business, problems - all this can be a good excuse for the fact that we do not have time to simply call our relatives and thank them for the fact that they contrived and still manage, with the same busyness, to show their love and care towards us. Our relatives and friends, like no one else, deserve gratitude, and therefore it is worth using any opportunity, any free minute to call your mother and once again say thank you to her at least for the opportunity to enjoy your own life.

Assignment: Write an essay based on the text read.

(1) How to describe my father's life, how to characterize it, and how to do it justice? (2) When I think about my father, I remember my long-term close communication with him, I see how the personality of the artist, his unique individuality, rises above all his remarkable achievements, his contribution to our culture. (3) Kind and patient, never wasting a second of time in vain, harmoniously combining feelings of tension and benevolence, always thinking about the well-being of the people around him, he, as a person, is a perfect example of a person for whom life has become a great feat, high service. (4) All his life he generously gave his talent, and only in the future it will be possible to understand everything he has done. (5) When I think of my father, I am overwhelmed with an inexpressible feeling of love and respect for him for what he has given and continues to give to us. (6) He was a true patriot and deeply loved his homeland, but he belonged to the whole world. (7) The whole world was his field of activity. (8) Each country was of particular interest and importance to him. (9) Every philosophy, every teaching of life was for him the path to perfection, and life for him was the great gateway to the future. (10) He strove for the beautiful in everything: in painting, in literature, and in public life - this is a magnificent embodiment of an extraordinary, sublime thought. (11) The second half of his life was closely associated with India, and he was deservedly called the master of the mountains. (12) My father and my mother were people who understood the lofty ideals of life and walked their path as an example of mutual devotion and improvement. (13) We know many examples when artists achieved greatness, but very few examples can be found when a great artist turned out to be even greater as a person. (14) I was lucky to see this living example in the person of my father and mother. (15) Their bright images will forever remain for me a source of the greatest inspiration, a great source of happiness. (16) ... In ancient books it was often mentioned: happy is he who on his way in life can meet a wise old man. (17) An elder, who would have directed him to the correct, fastest, shortest path and, perhaps, would have eliminated the difficulties that life would pose to him. (18) In the face of my father, I met this wise old man. (19) For me, he was not only a father and teacher, he was something much more. (20) Namely, the mentor of life. (21) Through him and through my mother, I learned to appreciate the wonderful pages that life opens up to us. (22) It is in this that the mentor plays such a pivotal role. (23) Nicholas Roerich was precisely that wise mentor with whom I was bound not only by the closest relationship, but precisely by the identity of thought, because I completely shared not only his thoughts, but also the way of life.

Answer:

In the proposed text, S. N. Roerich touches upon the problem of the relationship between fathers and children. This problem of the relationship between parents and children, the problem of filial gratitude has been raised many times in Russian literature, but nowhere have I read such an exalted word, in no other work have I met such heartfelt words of love and gratitude as in the text of S.N. Roerich dedicated to his father. Unfortunately, in our time there are cases when parents and children are two completely different states, between which there is not a single connecting "thread". It is very sad when such close people are divided by the abyss of misunderstanding and rejection.

The images of the father and mother became for S. N. Roerich "a source of the greatest inspiration, a great source of happiness." It is impossible not to agree with the position of the author. It is a great happiness to share with your parents not only the common space in the house, but also thoughts, interests and ideas.

Of the works of art reflecting the problem of a noble attitude towards parents, I am, first of all, attracted by the "Family Chronicle" by ST Aksakov. This book is dedicated to upbringing, family values. How much love, devotion and respect for your loved ones you need to carry through your life in order to write such a work. Besides the bright side of this problem, there is a very disappointing, dark side. It lies in the problem of misunderstanding between parents and children.

As an example, we can cite the heroes of the work of A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" - Famusova and his daughter Sophia. Famusov, of course, loves his daughter very much and wishes her happiness. But the hero understands happiness in his own way: happiness for him is money. Famusov teaches Sophia to the idea of ​​benefits and thus makes a huge mistake, depriving his daughter of the opportunity to choose and find real happiness.

The conclusion suggests itself: for children to grow up noble, a special family atmosphere of kindness, respect, and mutual understanding is needed; then "precisely the identity of thought" will arise. The more spiritual family ties, the more confidence that children will grow up worthy people and will love and honor their parents as much as the wonderful artist and author of this text, Svetoslav Roerich, did.