The simplest personal protective equipment. Individual protection means

Facilities personal protection respiratory organs (RPE)

In conditions of use of weapons mass destruction And man-made disasters it is necessary to have, know and use personal protective equipment. Personal protective equipment includes respiratory protective equipment (RPP), skin protection, medical supplies. Personal protective equipment for organ protection breathing include filtering and insulating gas masks, respirators, masks, bandages. Filtering personal protective equipment purifies the amount of air necessary for life from harmful impurities and toxic substances. Insulating With personal protective equipment completely isolates the respiratory organs from the external environment, supplying oxygen from a special cartridge. By efficiency better protection provide gas masks - in addition to respiratory protection, they provide eye and face protection. The action of filtering gas masks is based, as the name suggests, on the purification of inhaled air. For the civilian population, gas masks GP-7, GP-5 are used.

Insulating gas masks used when filter gas masks do not provide the proper degree of protection, or when there is not enough oxygen in the air. The source of oxygen in such a gas mask is a special cartridge filled with a special substance. For the needs of the population, insulating gas masks IP-4M, IP-5, IP-6, IP-7 are produced.

In case of inaccessibility, as well as in situations where the use of gas masks does not make sense, respirators, masks and half masks can be used. Filtering anti-aerosol half masks are classified in accordance with GOST R 12.4.191-99 according to the degree of protection - FFP1, FFP2, FFP3. In this case, FFP is the penetration coefficient of harmful substances, i.e. what percentage of harmful substances should the half mask filter out?

FFP1 - 22% (up to 4 maximum permissible concentrations) - low efficiency, protection from coarse solid aerosols
FFP2 - 8% (up to 12 maximum permissible concentrations) - average efficiency, protection against fine solid and liquid aerosols
FFP3 - 2% (up to 50 MPC) - high efficiency, from fine solid and liquid aerosols

From the above it follows that you need to purchase a minimum protection class of FFP2 - a respirator with this protection class will filter out up to 92% of harmful substances, which is much more effective compared to FFP1 (78%). FFP3 respirators and half masks provide maximum protection - up to 98%, but their cost is slightly higher than the FFP2 protection class. It should also be noted that the higher the protection class, the more difficult it is to breathe in them. FFP2 and FFP3 respirators are often equipped with an exhalation valve to prevent moisture from accumulating inside the respirator. In addition to the penetration coefficient, the degree of protection is characterized by the maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances - MAC. Thus, a respirator of protection class FFP2 provides adequate protection when the amount of harmful substances in the air does not exceed 12 MAC.
Disposable filter half mask (respirator) 3M 8101 and 3M 9312

Different models of anti-aerosol respirators and half masks are produced with additional protection against various harmful substances - acid gases and vapors organic matter(chlorine, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride and fluoride), vapors and gases of organic origin (solvent vapors, gasoline, toluene), vapors of basic substances and basic gases (ammonia, amines, aniline). Filter masks provide greater protection compared to respirators and half masks masks with replaceable filters that provide full face protection, which is similar, for example, to the GP-7 gas mask, but due to the panoramic lens it provides larger angle vision.
Filter mask 3M 6700 and SPIROTEC FM9500

Personal protective equipment for skin.

Such products protect the skin from the effects of toxic substances, radioactive and biological particles. Individual skin protection products fully protect against heavy particles of alpha radiation, and partially against beta radiation. Personal protective equipment for the skin is divided into insulating and filtering. Insulating materials are also made of airtight materials. In this case, skin protection products can be sealed or not sealed. Sealed skin protection products provide protection from vapors and droplets of toxic substances, but are not sealed only from droplets of toxic substances. Insulating personal protective equipment for the skin includes the combined arms protective kit - OZK. Consists of a protective raincoat, gloves, protective stockings. The fabric of the raincoat provides protection against poisonous, radioactive and bacterial agents.


Combined arms protective kit - OZK

Protective clothing also includes a lightweight protective suit made of rubberized fabric, consisting of a jacket with a hood, trousers sewn with protective stockings, gloves and a balaclava. As an option, a lightweight protective overall is available, which differs from a suit only in that the jacket and trousers are made in the form of overalls.
Light protective suit

Filtering personal protective equipment for the skin includes protective clothing made of cotton fabrics with special impregnation that allows clothing to breathe, but not allow toxic substances to pass through (within reasonable limits).

It is also worth noting that, with minimal sewing skills, you can make protective clothing yourself for all family members/teams from modern lightweight fabrics, because protective clothing First of all, it is designed to protect you, and not to amaze you with the ideality of the cut.

Module No. 16

Subject:

INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION MEANS

Training element – ​​0.

integrating goal:

In the process of working on educational elements, you should:

know:

Personal respiratory protection;

Personal protective equipment for skin;

Medical personal protective equipment;

be able to:

Use personal protective equipment;

Methyl chloride

Carbon monoxide

Ethylene oxide

Hydrochloric acid

Hydrogen sulfide

Ethyl mercaptan

However, in emergency situations caused by large-scale emissions of hazardous chemicals, when high concentrations can be created in the atmosphere, several orders of magnitude higher than from chemical agents in field conditions, the protective effect time of a gas mask is very limited. And in some cases it is equal to zero. This is due to the fact that, firstly, they do not provide protection against a number of hazardous substances, such as ammonia, dimethylamine, methyl chloride, nitrogen oxides, ethylene oxide, carbon monoxide. Secondly, in the immediate vicinity of the source of contamination, where, as a rule, very high concentrations, instantaneous breakdown of the mixture of the gas box can occur.

In order to expand the capabilities of a gas mask to protect against various hazardous substances and increase the protective properties, the industry produces special additional hopcalite cartridges DP-1, DP-2, DPG-1, DPG-3 and PZ. An additional hopcalite cartridge is used together with an anti-gas filtering and absorption box. Inside the cartridge there is one (DPG-3) or two (DPG-1) layers: a special absorber and hopcalite. The outside air, entering the filter-absorbing box (FAC), is pre-cleaned from aerosols and vapors of hazardous substances. Then entering additional cartridge, is finally cleared of harmful impurities.

In order to expand the capabilities of a gas mask to protect against various hazardous chemicals and increase their protective properties, the industry produces special additional hopcalite cartridges DP-1, DP-2, DPG-1, DPG-3 and PZ. An additional hopcalite cartridge is used together with an anti-gas filtering and absorption box. Inside the cartridge there is one (DPG-3) or two (DPG-1) layers: a special absorber and hopcalite. The outside air, entering the filter-absorbing box (FAC), is pre-cleaned from aerosols and vapors of hazardous substances. Then entering an additional cartridge, it is finally cleaned of harmful impurities.

Industrial gas masks designed to protect the respiratory system from specific hazardous chemicals inherent in this production. The protective properties of industrial gas mask boxes are significantly higher than those of civilian gas masks and they can be used over a wider range of concentrations.

To protect workers and employees at chemical waste products associated with production or use in technological processes AHOV, special industrial gas masks are used, which are equipped with large-sized boxes (FPK), specialized for their intended purpose.

The duration of protection of large industrial gas masks from hazardous chemicals and other substances depends on the brand of the box (Table 2), the type of substance and its concentration.

Table 2.List of boxes of industrial gas masks

The approximate time of protective action of a box of industrial gas masks for protection against hazardous chemicals at maximum concentration is from 0.3 to 0.6 hours, depending on the type of hazardous chemicals.

Filtering gas mask device GP-5

The GP-5 gas mask (Fig. 2) is the main gas mask in service with civil defense. It is characterized as a civilian, filtering, box gas mask. Intended for use by high school students and adults. It is a universal means of respiratory protection, as it simultaneously protects the respiratory organs, face and eyes from radioactive, poisonous, and some emergency chemicals. hazardous substances and bacterial (biological) agents.

The GP-5 gas mask consists of two parts:

Front part: mask ShM-62;

Filter-absorbing box (FPB) of small size GP-5.

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Filter-absorbing box(FPK) is designed to purify inhaled air from radioactive, toxic substances and bacterial agents. The metal body of the box contains special absorbers and a smoke filter. When you inhale, the air entering the box passes first through a filter, on which particles of dust, smoke, and fog remain, and then through absorbers, where OM vapors are retained.

The filter-absorbing box consists of the following parts:

▪ anti-aerosol filter, which retains biological aerosols, radioactive dust and harmful aerosols (dust, smoke, mists);

▪ charge – activated carbon – absorbs chemical agents, hazardous substances and other harmful substances;

▪ tampon paper retains coal dust from the charge;

▪ upper and lower meshes hold the charge;

▪ the screen distributes the air flow.

Bag designed to accommodate a gas mask and to carry it. The bag can also be used as an additional filter if it is tied to the FPK with tape, increasing protective properties You can do this by wetting the bag with water.

ShM-62u gas masks GP-5 are available in five sizes:

The size is determined using a measuring tape by measuring the size of the head vertically. A measuring tape is passed from the tip of the chin through the crown and ends at the tip of the chin. According to the indications, the size of the gas mask is determined.

To put on a gas mask you need to hold your breath, close your eyes, remove your headdress, take out the helmet-mask and take it with both hands by the thickened edges at the bottom so that thumbs were outside and the rest were inside. Then you should place the lower part of the helmet-mask under your chin and, with a sharp movement of your hands up and back, pull it over your head so that there are no folds, and the spectacle assembly is against the eyes. After this, exhale completely, open your eyes and resume breathing. Then you can put on your headgear and secure the gas mask to your side.

Standards for putting on a gas mask

Errors that reduce the score by one point:

When putting on a gas mask, do not close your eyes;

When putting on a gas mask, do not hold your breath;

A sharp exhalation was not made after putting on the gas mask;

The helmet-mask is not worn completely or correctly.

Respirators. Respirators are used to protect the respiratory system from harmful gases, vapors, aerosols and dust. At their core, they are individual means of protecting the respiratory system from harmful substances contained in the air. They are widely used in mines, mines, chemical and metallurgical plants, nuclear power plants, and when working with fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture. Respirators are classified by purpose, design and service life.

By purpose respirators are divided into anti-dust, anti-gas and gas-dust.

By device respirators are divided into two types:

Respirators in which the half mask and the filter element simultaneously serve as the front part;

Respirators that purify the inhaled air in filter cartridges attached to a half mask.

By service life respirators are divided into disposable and reusable(they provide for filter replacement).

The type of respirator is selected depending on the characteristics of harmful substances and their maximum permissible concentration in the air.

In armament and civil defense, the most widely used dust respirators are R-2, U-2K (Fig. 3), ShB-1 “Lepestok”, “Kama” and others. In emergency situations at radiation hazardous facilities, as well as in wartime conditions, these respirators can be used to protect the respiratory system from radioactive dust and biological agents. These respirators do not provide protection against vapors and gases of harmful substances.

Fig.3. Respirator R-2 (U-2K)

1 – half mask,

2 – inhalation valve,

3 – exhalation valve,

4 – nose clip,

5 – headband.

The most widely used dust respirators are R-2, U-2K, “Kama”, ShB-1 “Lepestok” and others. In conditions emergency situations These respirators can be used to protect the respiratory system from radioactive dust and bacterial agents. However, it should be borne in mind that dust respirators do not provide protection against vapors and gases of harmful and toxic substances.

If there is a threat of radiation, chemical or biological contamination, medical protective equipment will be issued at specially organized points for issuing PPE.

Medical PPE includes:

Individual first aid kit AI-2;

Individual anti-chemical package IPP-8 (IPP-10, IPP-11);

Individual dressing package (IPP);

Preventive antidote P-10M.

Individual first aid kit AI-2 Designed to provide self- and mutual assistance for wounds and burns (to relieve pain), to alleviate damage from radioactive substances, chemical agents or hazardous chemicals, as well as to prevent infectious diseases.

Fig. 11. Individual first aid kit AI-2

The products included in the first aid kit are placed in a plastic case. The contents of the first aid kit are a syringe tube and pencil cases of different colors with medicines.

In the cold season, a first aid kit is carried in the inner pocket of clothing to prevent freezing.

The AI-2 first aid kit includes:

slot 1(analgesic) - a syringe tube with a 2% solution of promidol (or morphine) - a strong painkiller that is administered intramuscularly for wounds, burns and severe injuries.

slot 2(a means against organophosphorus substances) - Taren - an antidote against organophosphorus toxic substances, which include sarin, soman and WX gases. There are 6 tablets in a red pencil case. Take 1 tablet under the tongue, then put on a gas mask. This is a preventive measure when a chemical hazard is declared with the use of chemical agents of the FOV type or the need to stay in areas contaminated with FOV. If signs of poisoning appear and increase (eye miosis, blurred vision, shortness of breath), you must take another tablet after 6 hours.

slot 3(antibacterial agent No. 2) – pencil case with 15 tablets of sulfadimethoxine. Taken for gastrointestinal disorders caused by external radioactive radiation or the action of bacterial agents, 7 tablets at a time on the first day and 4 tablets in the next two days.

socket 4 (radioprotective agent No. 1) – two pencil cases Pink colour with six cystamine tablets each. Rapid action radioprotector. It is used as a prophylactic agent that enhances the protective actions of the human body itself. Take 6 tablets at a time 30-60 minutes before the expected irradiation. The radioprotective effect occurs within 40-60 minutes and lasts for 4-6 hours. Repeated administration is possible after six hours at the same dose if you are in an area contaminated with radioactive substances.

slot 5(antibacterial agent No. 1) - two pencil cases with five tetracycline tablets each. Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Taken in case of threat or infection by bacterial agents, as well as in case of severe wounds and burns as an antiseptic to prevent infection, first the contents of one pencil case (5 tablets) at a time and then after 6 hours the contents of the second pencil case (5 tablets).

slot 6(radioprotective agent No. 2) – pencil case with 10 tablets of potassium iodide. Used to protect the thyroid gland from radioactive iodine. It is used when you are in a radioactively contaminated area and if you suspect the consumption of food, water, etc., contaminated with radioactive substances, 30-40 minutes before the expected exposure in a dose of 1 tablet daily for 7-10 days, or until the threat of entry disappears radioactive isotopes of iodine into the body.

slot 7(antiemetic) - a pencil case with 5 tablets of etapazine or aeron. Take one tablet immediately after irradiation to prevent vomiting, as well as for head bruises, concussions and concussions, if nausea occurs. The action lasts 4-5 hours after administration. If nausea and vomiting continues, take one tablet every 4 hours.

The use of drugs in the AI-2 first aid kit in the indicated doses is intended for adults. For children under 8 years old it is necessary to give 1/4 of the adult dose, and from eight to 15 years old - 1/2 of the adult dose.

To improve efficiency medical protection population, it is planned to include more modern medicines in the AI-2 first aid kit. Instead of tetracycline - dixycycline, instead of etaperizine - the drug dimethcarb.

IN personal first aid kit There are no general sedatives that reduce the feeling of fear. In emergency situations, as practice has shown, these funds are necessary. Therefore, we can recommend to the population for these purposes, in addition to the contents of the AI-2 first aid kit, to use tranquilizers (such as Elenium, Sibazon, Fenozepam).

Individual anti-chemical packages are intended for disinfection of droplet-liquid chemical agents and organophosphorus hazardous substances that have come into contact with the human body and clothing, personal protective equipment and tools. Currently, there are various modifications of individual anti-chemical packages based on both liquid and powder degassing formulations. The civil defense is armed with the following types of individual anti-chemical packages: IPP-8, IPP-9, IPP-10, IPP-11.

Individual anti-chemical package IPP-8 consists of a flat glass bottle with a screw cap, filled with a polydegassing solution, four cotton-gauze swabs and instructions, enclosed in a sealed plastic bag. When using the package, you need to open its shell, unscrew the cap of the bottle and moisten the tampon generously with its contents. Thoroughly wipe open areas of the neck and hands with it, and wipe the outer surface of the gas mask helmet. Then moisten the swab again and treat the edges of the collar and sleeve cuffs adjacent to the skin. You should also treat those areas of clothing and shoes where drops of chemical agents are visible. When treating the skin, a burning sensation may be felt, but it quickly disappears and does not affect your well-being. However, you need to remember that the liquid in the package is poisonous and dangerous to the eyes, so the skin around the eyes should be wiped with a dry swab and rinsed clean water or 2% soda solution. The liquid in the bottle does not have disinfectant properties.

IPP-9 is a cylindrical aluminum vessel with a screw cap. A punch is inserted into the bottle, on the top of which there is a foam sponge. To moisten the sponge, you need to press the punch all the way, opening and turning the vessel, shake it two or three times. Wipe the skin of the face, hands, and contaminated areas of clothing with a moistened sponge. After this, pull the punch out of the vessel and screw on the lid.

IPP-10 – a cylindrical aluminum cylinder filled with a polydegassing preventive protective formulation based on Langlica. The cylinder is equipped with a cap-nozzle with stops, which is attached to a strap. There is a punch inside the lid. When using, you need to turn the lid, move it from the stops and hit it to open the vessel; remove the lid and pour 10-15 ml of liquid into your palm; apply it to the front of the face and neck. Then you need to pour another 10-15 ml of liquid and treat the hands and back of the neck. After this, close the bag with a lid and store it for re-processing. Treatment of the skin is carried out 30-40 minutes before entering the source of chemical infection. If chemical agents or hazardous substances come into contact with skin or clothing, treatment is carried out immediately. The liquid has a disinfectant effect and provides a protective effect for 12-24 hours by creating a protective film in the thickness of the skin.

IPP-11 is the most convenient and easy-to-use individual anti-chemical package. It is intended for the prevention of lesions due to infection of exposed skin areas with any known agents. IPP-11 is a plastic disposable bag (36 g) in which a tampon soaked in a special solution is sealed. The advantages of IPP-11 are:

▪ speed and area of ​​skin treatment:

▪ convenience of processing the face under the front part of the gas mask;

▪ effective protection up to 6 hours;

▪ bactericidal;

▪ healing of minor wounds and cuts;

▪ treatment of thermal and chemical cuts.

In the absence of anti-chemical packages areas of the body and clothing can be treated with soap and water, using paper swabs, rags or a handkerchief. It is better to do this when no more than 10 minutes have passed since the drops hit the body and clothes.

As a degassing liquid, you can use a solution prepared from one liter of 3% hydrogen peroxide and 150 g of silicate glue, which are mixed immediately before use.

Treatment of exposed areas of the body, carried out using an individual anti-chemical package in the first minutes of infection, prevents skin damage and the penetration of agent into the blood. Treatment carried out at a later date may reduce, but not prevent, the development of the lesion. In these cases, an antidote must be administered after treatment.

Antidote P-10M used as a prophylactic against the threat of poisoning with organophosphorus substances. Used orally, 2 tablets per dose. The protective effect occurs after 30 minutes. Duration of action is 24 hours. Repeated use of the drug no earlier than after 48 hours.

Medical PPE also includes an individual dressing package.

Individual dressing package used for applying a bandage to wounds and burn surfaces. It contains disinfected dressing material, which is enclosed in two shells: the outer one is made of rubberized fabric, with the method of opening and use printed on it, and the inner one is made of paper. There is a safety pin in the fold of the inner shell.

Shells ensure the sterility of the dressing material, protecting it from mechanical damage, dampness and contamination.

Rice. 13. Individual dressing package:

a - opening the outer cover

along the cut;

b- removing the inner packaging;

V- dressing material

in expanded form:

1 - end of the bandage;

2 - the pad is motionless;

3 - coloredthreads;

4 - the pad is movable;

5 - bandage;

6 - rolling up the bandage.

The material in the bag consists of a gauze bandage 10 cm wide and 7 m long and two equal-sized cotton-gauze pillows measuring 17x32 cm. One of the pillows is sewn to the bandage, the other is movably connected to it and can move freely along the length of the bandage. Thanks to this, in case of penetrating wounds, it is possible to close the entrance and exit wound holes using one package. Colored threads mark the surfaces of the pads, which can be grasped with your hands when applying a bandage.

When applying a bandage you must:

Open the package, remove the pin and pin it to the clothing;

Take the end of the bandage with your left hand, and the roll of the bandage with your right hand and unfold it;

Place the pads, without touching other objects, on the wound (burn) with the side that is not stitched with colored threads;

Bandage the pads and secure the end of the bandage with a pin.

The upper rubberized bag can be used to assist with a wound to the chest (open pneumothorax) by covering the wound with it and bandaging it tightly to the chest.

TASKS for educational element - 4:

1. Read the text.

2. ♣ List medical personal protective equipment and indicate their purpose.

3. ♣ Name the composition and purpose of AI-2.

4. ♣ What does the individual dressing package consist of and how to use it?

Personal protective equipment is specialized tools or equipment, the main purpose of which is to ensure human safety in the event of a threat from various poisonous, radioactive, bacterial and other agents that can be harmful to life and health. At the same time, not everyone knows what such means are and where they are used in principle.

What are they?

Depending on their purpose, such products are divided into means for ensuring the safety of the skin and respiratory organs. There is also a difference in the way personal protective equipment ensures safety - these are insulating and filtering tools.

The principle of filtration in this case is that the air, which is required to maintain the normal functioning of the human body, when passing through specialized means of protection (for example, through a layer of activated carbon), is completely cleared of any harmful impurities.

Isolating devices provide complete isolation of the human body from possible external influences. environment using specialized materials that are absolutely impenetrable to air and various harmful impurities that it contains.

Preparation method

There is also a difference in the technology with which personal protective equipment is manufactured - these are the simplest, improvised or industrial.

Accumulation of the required quantity industrial production, and preliminary preparation The simplest means of protection, made from various available materials, is quite a responsible job.

Storage

It is worth noting the fact that an extremely important event in this case is the organization of storage of protective equipment, because storage locations need to be as close as possible to the conditions that are present at the place of work of facility employees, and if necessary, each employee should be provided with personal protective equipment is one of the most important rules. Among other things, the storage conditions for this property must meet the requirements, as well as ensure its constant technical serviceability.

Basically, funds are stored in specialized boxes in disassembled form. Thus, boxes of gas masks, which are sealed with a special rubber stopper and cap, are placed on the bottom of the box, after which bags and face parts are placed on the boxes. This property must be periodically inspected, and if necessary, all detected defects must be corrected as quickly as possible. It is worth noting the fact that a qualified specialist must be present at the site to monitor how personal protective equipment (GOST) is stored - this is also a rather important requirement. Such a specialist must be fully aware of all the rules for storing such property.

Providing

In the event that a threat is present, serving personnel must be provided with personal protective equipment as quickly as possible, after which they must be kept in constant readiness. The personnel of various economic entities, as well as employees and workers, are provided with such funds directly at the enterprises of which they are employees. The rest of the non-working population, if desired, should receive them at their place of residence or study.

Filtering gas masks

To provide effective respiratory protection for the adult population, filter gas masks such as others can be used.

In accordance with the rules of what personal protective equipment should be (GOST), the GP-5 gas mask is a specialized box and front part. Among other things, this device includes a specialized box equipped with anti-fog films and a bag. Activated carbon is used as a filter element.

In terms of its dimensions, the GP-5 box has almost half the dimensions compared to the GP-4, since its height is approximately 70 mm, while the diameter reaches 107 mm.

In accordance with what individual and personal protective equipment should look like, the front part of the GP-5 gas mask uses a standard rubber helmet-mask with fairings and goggles, as well as a special valve box with exhalation and inhalation valves. The gas box must be screwed directly to the valve box.

How is the height of a helmet-mask determined?

Helmet masks, which are used in the gas mask model GP-5, have five height variations, which must be applied on both sides of the helmet and designated Arabic numeral, enclosed in a circle.

In order to determine the exact height of a helmet-mask, you need to measure the size of the head around the perimeter through points such as the cheek, chin and crown.

The head is measured using a special soft measuring tape, and the measurement results obtained should be rounded to the nearest 0.5 cm.

How to check if it's working properly?

In accordance with the standards for how personal protective equipment is used, verification should be carried out as follows:

1. The gas mask is taken out of the bag.
2. The integrity of the glasses and the helmet-mask itself is checked.
3. The gas box is carefully inspected for all kinds of holes, dents, and rust, and the presence of valves and their condition are checked.

After a detailed external inspection, you will need to reassemble the gas mask and check how tight it is. To do this, a person must wear a helmet-mask, completely close the opening of the box with a rubber stopper, or simply hold it with the palm of his hand, and then take a deep breath. If after this the air does not pass under the helmet at all, the gas mask is in good condition. If any malfunctions or missing components are discovered, such personal protective equipment at the workplace must be completely replaced.

How to wear a filter gas mask?

In accordance with how personal protective equipment should be used, the filter gas mask can be worn in three main positions:

• Ready. It is used only if there is an immediate threat of chemical, bacteriological or nuclear attack.
• Pokhodnoe. Provides for wearing a gas mask over the right shoulder on the left side in the event that this moment there is no threat of enemy attack.
• Combat.

When to wear a gas mask?

Initially, the use of a gas mask is envisaged in the process of performing various works associated with the risk of injury respiratory tract, or in a production process with a similar hazard.

Also, in accordance with how personal technical protective equipment is used, the gas mask must be put on in advance in accordance with the order of the senior superior or immediately upon the “Radiation Hazard”, “Gases” or “Chemical Alarm” signals.

Skin protection products

There are also specialized personal protective equipment against current and other injuries, which are designed to ensure the safety of clothing, shoes, open areas of the body and various items of equipment. Among other things, they allow you to completely retain a-particles, and also significantly reduce the impact of b-particles. Depending on the principle of protective action, such agents are divided into filtering and insulating.

Insulating

Insulating products are made from specialized airtight materials. Mainly used is elastic and also resistant to low temperatures They can be unsealed or hermetically sealed, and the latter allow you to completely close the entire body and provide protection even from drops of chemical agents or vapors, while non-sealed means provide protection exclusively from drops of chemical agents.

Isolating protective equipment also includes specialized and general-arms protective kit, and also includes special footwear. This type of personal protective equipment is used to ensure safety personnel in the process of carrying out work in areas affected by various

Filtering

Filter protection means even ordinary linen and clothing if they are impregnated with a special soap-oil emulsion. Basically, such means represent only the primary provision of protection until access to specialized uniforms is gained.

Protective kit

The protective kit includes protective stockings, gloves and a raincoat.

This set is characterized by the presence of sides, sleeves, a hood and two floors, and is also equipped with fasteners, ribbons and straps, with which you can use such a raincoat in the most various variations. The fabric from which such a raincoat is made allows for maximum protection against radioactive and toxic substances, as well as various bacterial agents or light radiation. The weight of such a raincoat is approximately 1.6 kg.

Rubber protective gloves They have seals made of special impregnated fabric, and can be summer or winter. In addition to the fact that they provide protection against all kinds of chemical vapors, they also represent personal means of protection against electric shock. Summer gloves are five-fingered, while winter gloves are two-fingered, and are also equipped with a special insulated liner fastened with buttons.

The stockings are made from a special rubberized fabric, and it is worth noting the fact that their soles are reinforced with rubber or canvas soles. Stockings with a canvas top are distinguished by the presence of two or three ribbons to ensure reliable fastening to the leg, as well as one to be attached to the waist belt. Stockings with rubber cuffs are secured to the legs with straps, while the ribbon is used to secure them to the waist belt.

Thus, personal protective equipment of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other types are used today in almost all areas of human activity, ranging from minor repair work to the danger of infection with various substances. Many do not even suspect that at their enterprise or in their office there is a whole set of such equipment, which, perhaps, will someday save their lives in the event of one or another critical situation, while others use by individual means protection in the process of carrying out their routine work, without even considering them something special.