Dramatic images in literature are examples of works. See what "Drama (kind of literature)" is in other dictionaries

Which allows in short plot show the conflicts of society, the feelings and relationships of the heroes, reveal moral questions... Tragedy, comedy and even modern sketches are all varieties of this art that originated in ancient Greece.

Drama: a book with a complex character

Translated from Greek, the word "drama" means "to act." Drama (definition in the literature) is a work that exposes the conflict between the characters. The character of the characters is revealed through actions, and the soul through dialogues. The works of this genre have a dynamic plot, composed through dialogues actors, less often - monologues or polylogs.

In the 60s, the chronicle appears as a drama. Examples of Ostrovsky's works "Minin-Sukhoruk", "Voevoda", "Vasilisa Melentyevna" are the clearest examples of this rare genre. The trilogy of Count A. K. Tolstoy: "The Death of Ivan the Terrible", "Tsar Feodor Ioannovich" and "Tsar Boris", as well as the chronicles of Chayev ("Tsar Vasily Shuisky") are distinguished by these same advantages. The crackling drama is inherent in the works of Averkin: " Mamaevo massacre"," A comedy about the Russian nobleman Frol Skobeev "," Kashirskaya starina ".

Contemporary drama

Today, drama continues to develop, but at the same time it is built according to all the classical laws of the genre.

In today's Russia, drama in literature is such names as Nikolai Erdman, Mikhail Chusov. As boundaries and conventions are blurred, lyrical and conflicting themes come to the fore, which affect Wisten Auden, Thomas Bernhard and Martin McDonagh.

VG Belinsky was one of the founders of Russian literary criticism. And although in antiquity serious steps were taken in the development of the concept of a literary genus (Aristotle), it was Belinsky who owns the scientifically grounded theory of three literary genera, with which you can get acquainted in detail by reading Belinsky's article "The division of poetry into genera and types."

There are three kinds fiction: epic(from the Greek. Epos, narration), lyrical(lyre was called musical instrument, accompanied by verses in chant) and dramatic(from the Greek. Drama, action).

Introducing a particular subject to the reader (meaning the subject of conversation), the author chooses different approaches to it:

First approach: can be detailed tell about the subject, about the events associated with it, about the circumstances of the existence of this subject, etc .; in this case, the position of the author will be more or less detached, the author will act as a kind of chronicler, storyteller, or choose a storyteller from one of the characters; the main thing in such a work will be the story, narration about the subject, the leading type of speech will be the narration; this kind of literature is called epic;

The second approach: you can tell not so much about events as about impression which they produced on the author, about those feelings which they caused; image inner world, experiences, impressions and will relate to the lyrical nature of literature; exactly experience becomes the main event of the lyrics;

Third approach: you can portray thing in action, show him on stage; introduce its reader and viewer surrounded by other phenomena; this kind of literature is dramatic; in a drama, the author's voice will be the least likely to sound - in the stage directions, that is, the author's explanations to the actions and remarks of the heroes.

Review the following table and try to remember its contents:

Childbirth of fiction

EPOS	DRAMA	LYRICS
(Greek - narration) story about events, the fate of the heroes, their actions and adventures, the image of the external side of what is happening (even feelings are shown from the side of their external manifestation). The author can directly express his attitude to what is happening.	(Greek - action) image events and relationships between characters on the stage(a special way of writing text). The direct expression of the author's point of view in the text is contained in the remarks.	(from the name of the musical instrument) experience events; image of feelings, inner world, emotional state; feeling becomes the main event.

Each type of literature, in turn, includes a number of genres.

GENRE is a historically developed group of works united by common features of content and form. Such groups include novels, stories, poems, elegies, short stories, feuilletons, comedies, etc. In literary studies, the concept is often introduced literary type, it is a broader concept than a genre. In this case, the novel will be considered a type of fiction, and genres - various varieties of the novel, for example, adventure, detective, psychological, parable novel, dystopian novel, etc.

Examples of genus-specific relationships in the literature:

• Genus: dramatic; view: comedy; genre: sitcom.
• Genus: epic; view: story; genre: fantastic story etc.

Genres as categories historical, appear, develop and eventually "leave" active stock"artists depending on historical era: the ancient lyricists did not know the sonnet; in our time, an archaic genre that was born in antiquity and popular in XVII-XVIII centuries Oh yeah; romanticism XIX century brought to life detective literature, etc.

Consider the following table, which shows the types and genres related to the different kinds of word art:

Genera, types and genres of fiction

EPOS		DRAMA		LYRICS
People's	Author's	People's	Author's	People's	Author's
Myth Poem (epic): Heroic Strogovoi Fabulous legendary Historical ... Story Epic Thought Legend Tradition Ballad Parable Small genres: proverbs sayings puzzles nursery rhymes ...	Epic Novel: Historical Fantastic. Adventurous Psychological. R.-parable Utopian Social... Small genres: The story Story Novella Fable Parable Ballad Lit. story...	The game Rite Folk drama Raek Nativity scene...	Tragedy Comedy: provisions, characters, masks ... Drama: philosophical social historical social philosophy Vaudeville Farce Tragifars...	Song	Oh yeah Hymn Elegy Sonnet Message Madrigal Romance Rondo Epigram...

Modern literary criticism also distinguishes fourth, a related genus of literature, combining the features of the epic and lyrical genders: lyro-epic to which the poem... Indeed, by telling the reader a story, the poem manifests itself as an epic; revealing to the reader the depth of feelings, inner world the person telling this story, the poem manifests itself as a lyric.

DRAMA - special kind literary creation... The drama, in addition to its verbal, textual form, also has a second "life" following the text - staging on stage in the form of a performance, a spectacle. In addition to the author, directors, actors, costume designers, painters, composers, decorators, make-up artists, illuminators, stage workers, etc. take part in organizing the show. Their common task seems to be divided into two stages:

2) give a director's interpretation, a new interpretation author's intention in the stage production of the work.

Since the dramatic work is designed for the obligatory (albeit in most cases "posthumous correspondence") cooperation of the author with the theater, the text dramatic work in a special way organized.

Let's read the fragments of the first pages of the text of the drama by A. Ostrovsky "The Thunderstorm":

THUNDERSTORM Drama in five acts Persons:

S avel P ro k o f i h, merchant, significant person in the town. B o r and s G r and g o r e v and h, his nephew, a decently educated young man. M a r f a I g n a t e v n a K a b n o v a (K a b a n and x a), a rich merchant's wife, a widow. T i kh o n I v a n s h K a b a n o v, her son. Catherine, his wife. Varvara, sister of Tikhon. Kuligin, a tradesman, a self-taught watchmaker in search of a perpetual motion machine. (…)

The action takes place in the city of Kalinov, on the banks of the Volga, in the summer. 10 days pass between the 3rd and 4th actions. All faces, except for Boris, are dressed in Russian.

ACTION ONE Public garden on the high bank of the Volga; rural view beyond the Volga. There are two benches and a few bushes on the stage. The first phenomenon

Kuligin sits on a bench and looks across the river. Kudryash and Shapkin are walking. K u l and g and n (sings)... "In the middle of a flat valley, at a smooth height ..." (He stops singing.) Miracles, truly it must be said that miracles! Curly! Here, my brother, for fifty years I have been looking at the Volga every day and I cannot get enough of it. K u d r i sh. And what? K u l and g and n. The view is extraordinary! Beauty! The soul rejoices! (…) B about r and s. Celebration; what to do at home! D and k o y. You will find a case if you want. Once I told you, I told you twice: "Don't you dare to meet me halfway"; you are itching to do everything! A little space for you? Wherever you go, there you are! Ugh, damn you! Why are you standing like a pillar! They say to you, al no? B about r and s. I listen, what else can I do! D and k o th (looking at Boris)... You failed! I don’t want to talk to you, with a Jesuit. (Leaving.) Here is imposed! (Spits and leaves.)

Have you noticed that, unlike the author of the epic ( narrative work), the author does not tell the story of the heroes at length, but indicates them with a "list", giving brief necessary information about each, depending on his own intention: what is who is called, how old is who, who is who in the place and in the society where action, who belongs to whom, etc. This "list" of actors is called poster.

Further Ostrovsky pointed out, where there is an action what time is it passes between certain points actions, how are they dressed characters; in the notes for the first action it is said, who is on the stage, what are you doing characters, what is he doing Each of them. In the following fragments of text, the author briefly informs in brackets, to whom heroes address with a speech what are their gestures and postures with what intonation they say. These explanations are primarily for the artist and the director and are called remarks.

What is happening is broken down into compositional parts - actions(or acts), which in turn are also split into phenomena(or the scene, or paintings). This is due to the fact that the stage action is strictly limited in time: the performance usually lasts 2-3 hours, and during this time the author and the actors need to express everything for which the work was written and staged.

All phenomena, as you can see, are also divided into small (or sometimes large!) Fragments, representing words - monologues and dialogues - of characters. At the same time, the author always indicates which of the heroes they belong to, calling the hero by name, as if giving him a "microphone". These words of the characters in the drama are called replicas... As you have already noticed, the words of the characters are often accompanied by remarks.

So,
Organization of the text of a dramatic work and the necessary terms:

POSTER- this is a list of characters with the author's explanations;

REPLICA- these are the words of the characters in a dramatic work; replicas organize stage dialogues of heroes;

PHENOMENON(or a picture, or a scene) is a plot-complete fragment of the text of a dramatic work; each phenomenon (or scene, or picture) is a separate complete moment stage action, in other words, an episode.

Since a drama is a stage action, a theatrical show, it is designed not so much for the communication of one reader with the author's text (like novels, stories, poems, poems, where the reader and the work "communicate" tete-a-tete, alone with each other ), how much on the mass contact of the work with the audience. Hundreds and thousands of people come to theaters. And it is very, very difficult to keep their attention. Therefore, the foundation of any performance - an author's literary work - should be based on the audience's interest and tenaciously "hold" it. In this the playwright is helped by the dramatic intrigue.

INTRIGUE(from Lat. Intricare, "to confuse") - 1) intrigues, hidden actions, usually unseemly, to achieve something; 2) the ratio of characters and circumstances, ensuring the development of the action in fiction... (Dictionary foreign words, 1988.)

In other words, an intrigue is a kind of mystery, a riddle, often organized by one of the characters for their own purposes, the solution of which is the basis of the dramatic action. Not a single play is complete without intrigue, since otherwise it will not be of interest to readers and viewers.

Now let's turn to the content of dramatic works... It is first of all related to the type and genre of drama... There are three types of dramatic works: tragedy, comedy and drama (do not get confused, the name of the species coincides with the name of the genus of literature, but these are different terms).

	Tragedy	Comedy	Drama
The era and culture of appearance:	Ancient Greece. Arose from ritual priestly festivals dedicated to the gods and heroes of myths	Ancient Greece. It originated from folk calendar festive processions.	Western Europe, XVIII century. It has become a kind of "intermediate" genre between tragedy and comedy.
Plot basis:	Originally: mythological and historical subjects. Later - turning, culminating, moments of history and human destiny	Household stories related to a person's daily life and relationships in the family, with neighbors, colleagues, etc.	Can use plots, tragedies and comedies
Main characters:	Initially: gods, heroes of myths, historical figures; Later - strong, non-trivial personalities, powerful characters, carrying a certain idea, in the name of which they agree to sacrifice everything.	Ordinary people, townspeople, villagers with their daily worries, sorrows and joys, tricks, successes and failures.	Any heroes.
Conflict:	Tragic or insoluble. It is based on the great "eternal" questions of being.	Comic, or solvable in the course of the correct (from the point of view of the author) actions of the heroes.	Dramatic: In terms of the depth of the contradictions, it is close to the tragic, but the heroes are not carriers of the idea.
Creative goals:	Show the struggle of a person and circumstances, a person and fate, a person and society in the acuteness of contradictions, the power of the human spirit in righteousness or delusion.	To ridicule vice, to show its powerlessness and loss in front of the true life values common man.	Show the complexity and inconsistency of human life, imperfection of society, imperfection of human nature
Examples:	Sophocles. King Oedipus W. Shakespeare. Hamlet V. Vishnevsky. Optimistic tragedy	Aristophanes. Clouds Moliere. Tartuffe N. Gogol. The auditor A. Ostrovsky. Our people - numbered! M. Bulgakov. Ivan Vasilievich	H. Ibsen. Dollhouse A. Ostrovsky. Thunderstorm M. Gorky. At the bottom

An important aspect of a dramatic work is composition... There are several types of drama composition as a kind of literature. Let's consider some of them:

Subject composition- it the totality of all character relationships, the system of their speech-gestures and deeds-actions, connected by a single author's goal, that is, the main theme of the dramatic work. This set is aimed at revealing the characters' characters, the reasons for their dependence on everyday and psychological characteristics.

Dynamic composition- it is organized by the author linking all the sharp points of the dramatic action(exposure -> action escalation -> conflict -> resolution -> escalation -> climax -> decay, etc.). Dynamic composition is characteristic both for the entire work and for its individual components: actions, acts, phenomena, scenes, pictures, etc.

Dialogue composition- it techniques for creating dramatic dialogue, of which there can be many:

• Each hero leads his own theme and has his own emotional mood (inconsistency of themes);
• Topics periodically change: from remark to remark, from episode to episode, from action to action (change of theme);
• The theme is developed in dialogue by one character and picked up by another (picking up the theme);
• The theme of one character in the dialogue is interrupted by another, but does not leave the dialogue (interruption of the topic);
• Characters leave the topic and then return to it;
• Characters return to a topic left in one dialogue in another;
• The topic can be interrupted without ending (breaking the topic).

Since the dramatic work is designed to be staged in a theater, where hundreds of spectators come, the circle life phenomena considered by the author ( subject of the work) must be relevant to the viewer - otherwise the viewer will leave the theater. Therefore, the playwright chooses for the play themes due either to the era or eternal human needs, first of all, spiritual, certainly. The same can be said about issues, that is, about those issues that bother the author and which he brings to the reader's and audience's court.

A.N. Ostrovsky he addressed topics from the life of the Russian merchants, small and large bureaucrats, townspeople, creative, first of all, the theatrical audience - that is, those strata of Russian society that were well known to him and studied from both positive and negative sides. And the issues raised by the playwright were also related to public spheres:

• How to break through in life for a young smart, talented person, but not having the strong support of a rich and influential relative or acquaintance due to poverty and origin? ("Enough simplicity for every wise man")
• Where is the conscience of the Russian merchants? How did it happen that in the pursuit of profit, both the daughter and the son-in-law are ready to rob their father-in-law and leave him in a debt prison, just not to pay debts for him? ("Our people - numbered!")
• Why does a mother trade in her daughter's beauty? ("Dowry")
• What can a beautiful, but poor and unprotected girl do so that her love and honor are not ruined? ("Dowry")
• How can a person who feels, loves and strives for freedom live among the "dark kingdom" of ignoramuses and tyrants? ("Thunderstorm"), etc.

A. Chekhov dedicated his plays to people of other circles: the Russian intelligentsia, the last "fragments" of noble families and people of art. But Chekhov's intellectuals get too deeply entangled in "eternal" issues that deprive them of their ability to make decisions; his landowners, idolizing the cherry orchard as an all-Russian property, do nothing to save him and are preparing to leave just when the garden is being cut down; and Chekhov's actors, artists and writers on stage are completely different from the "stars", "idols" to whom the audience applauds: they are petty, stingy, swear over the ruble, scandal with loved ones, cowardly endure the already extinct and now not at all love, but a boring and burdensome relationship ... And the problems of Chekhov's plays are also largely due to time:

• Is it possible to save the outgoing life and how to do it? ("Uncle Ivan", " The Cherry Orchard")
• And will it be so reverently awaited by Chekhov's heroes "tomorrow", "later", "someday"? ("Three sisters")
• Why does time pass, but a person does not change? ("The Seagull", "Three Sisters", "Uncle Vanya")
• Will there ever be a happy end to that path, those wanderings that fall to the lot of a born person? ("The Cherry Orchard")
• What is happiness, fame, greatness in general? ("Gull")
• Why, in order to free oneself from delusions and reveal one's own talent, a person must suffer? ("Gull")
• Why does art require such terrible sacrifices from a person? ("Gull")
• Is a person able to get out of the routine rut into which he drove himself? ("Three Sisters", "The Cherry Orchard", "The Seagull")
• How to preserve the beautiful "cherry orchard" - our Russia - the way we love and remember it? ("The Cherry Orchard"), etc.

Chekhov's plays introduced a new specificity of stage action into Russian drama: no special events, "adventures" take place on the stage. Even out of the ordinary events (for example, the attempted suicide and the suicide of Treplev in The Seagull) take place only "behind the scenes." On the stage, the characters only talk: they quarrel over trifles, sort things out, which are already clear to everyone, talk about meaningless things, get bored and discuss what happened "behind the scenes." But their dialogues are filled with powerful energy internal action: behind insignificant remarks, there is a heavy human loneliness, an awareness of their own restlessness, something not done, but very important, without which life will never get better. This property of Chekhov's plays made it possible to regard them as plays of internal dynamics and became a new step in the development of Russian drama.

Many people often have a question: why when posing such problems and such a development of the plots of the play "The Cherry Orchard" and "The Seagull" are comedies? Do not forget, this is not how the critics defined them, but the author himself. Return to the table. What is the creative goal of comedy?

That's right, make fun of vice. Chekhov, on the other hand, makes fun of, or better to say, laughs - subtly, ironically, beautifully and sadly - not so much at the vices as at the incongruities, "irregularities" of the life of a person of his day, be it a landowner, a writer, a doctor or someone else: great actress- greedy; famous writer- henpecked; "to Moscow, to Moscow" - and we will spend our whole life in the provincial wilderness; a landowner from a noble and wealthy family - and is going to go to the bank as an ordinary employee, not knowing anything about banking; there is no money - and we give the gold to a beggar crook; we are going to transform the world - and we fall down the stairs ... inconsistency overflowing Chekhov's plays(in fact, the fundamental basis of the comic), and makes them comedies in the highest, ancient sense words: these are real "comedies of life".

The milestone era (late 19th-early 20th centuries) demanded attention from playwrights to new themes and, first of all, attention to the very phenomenon of "man". M.Gorky in the play "At the Bottom" draws a terrible model of the "bottom" human society, having created on the stage a kind of shelter-cave, as if containing in it the whole world of contemporary human relations. But the "bottom" for Gorky is not only poverty and restlessness. The soul also has a "bottom", and the disclosure of the deaf dark secrets of this soul was embodied in the images of the Baron, Tick, Actor, Kostylevs, Ashes ... darkness, the negative that has accumulated in their souls throughout their real, actual life. No one will make your life different, except yourself - this is the result of the author's observations of the heroes of the drama. And therefore Gorky's drama "At the Bottom" is determined by genre affiliation as a socio-philosophical. The key problems for Gorky were:

• What is the real truth of life?
• How capable is man himself to take control of his destiny? What did you do to make your life different, the way you would like to see it?
• Who is to blame for trying to "jump off the tram" and start new life failed?
• How should the person of today, the contemporary author, of the moment see?
• Pity or stigmatize? - what really helps a person?
• How responsible are society and the environment for human life? And etc.

When analyzing a dramatic work, you will need the skills that you acquired in the tasks of analyzing an episode of the work.

Be careful, strictly adhere to the analysis plan.

Topics 15 and 16 are closely related to each other, therefore, successful completion of the work is possible only with detailed study. theoretical materials on these topics.

• A.S. Griboyedov. Comedy "Woe from Wit"
• N. Gogol. Comedy "The Inspector General"
• A.N. Ostrovsky. Comedy "Our people - we will be numbered!"; dramas "Thunderstorm", "Dowry"
• A.P. Chekhov. The play "The Cherry Orchard"
• M. Gorky. Play "At the Bottom"

Greek drama - action) is a kind of literature in which an image of life is given through events, actions, clashes of heroes, i.e. through the phenomena that make up external world.

Excellent definition

Incomplete definition ↓

DRAMA

Greek drama - action) .- 1. One of the main. childbirth artist. literature (along with lyrics and epic), covering works usually intended for performance on stage; subdivided into genre varieties: tragedy, comedy, drama in a narrow sense, melodrama, farce. Text of dramatic works consists of dialogues and monologues of characters, embodying certain human characters, manifested in actions and speeches. The essence of dialectic consists in disclosing the contradictions of reality, which are embodied in conflicts that determine the development of the action of production, and in internal contradictions, personal characters. The plots, forms, and styles of D. have changed throughout the history of culture. Initially, the subject of the image was myths, in which the spiritual experience of mankind was generalized (the history of the East, Ancient Greece, the religious history of the European Middle Ages). The turning point in D. came with an appeal to real story, state and everyday conflicts (D. Renaissance, drama by Shakespeare, Lope de Vega, Corneille, Racine, etc.); D.'s plots began to reflect the events and characters of the majestic and heroic. In the XVIII century. under the influence of the aesthetics of the Enlightenment, the heroes of D. appear already before

the leaders of the rising bourgeois class (Diderot, Lessing). The realism of educational D. romanticism is the first half of the XIX v. contrast legendary and historical plots, extraordinary heroes, the intensity of passions. At the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. symbolism revives mythological plots in D., while naturalism turns to the most dark sides Everyday life... D. in socialist art, striving for a comprehensive coverage of reality, follows the traditions of realism of the previous period, often supplementing realism with revolutionary romanticism. 2. A kind of plays in which the conflict does not get a tragic, fatal outcome, but the action does not acquire a purely comic character. This genre, intermediate between tragedy and comedy, was especially widespread in the second half of the 19th and 20th centuries. A prime example such kind of plays is the drama of A.P. Chekhov.

Excellent definition

Incomplete definition ↓

- ▲ kind of fiction kind of literature. epic genre... epic. prose fiction story about what l. events. prosaic (#works). fiction. lyrics. drama ... Ideographic Dictionary of the Russian Language

This term has other meanings, see Drama. Not to be confused with Drama (a kind of literature). Drama is a literary (dramatic), stage and cinematic genre. Got special distribution in literature XVIII XXI centuries, ... ... Wikipedia

In art: Drama is a genus of literature (along with epics and lyrics); Drama is a kind of stage cinematic action; genre, which includes various subgenres, modifications (such as philistine drama, drama of the absurd, etc.); Place name (s): ... ... Wikipedia

D. as a poetic genus Origin D. Eastern D. Antique D. Medieval D. D. Renaissance From Renaissance to Classicism Elizabethan D. Spanish D. Classical D. Bourgeois D. Ro ... Literary encyclopedia

Epic, lyrics, drama. Determined by different signs: from the point of view of methods of imitation of reality (Aristotle), types of content (F. Schiller, F. Schelling), categories of epistemologies (objective subjective in G.V.F. Hegel), formal ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Drama (Greek dráma, literally - action), 1) one of three types of literature (along with epic and lyric poetry; see Gender literary). D. belongs to both theater and literature: being the fundamental principle of the performance, she is at the same time perceived in ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Modern encyclopedia

Literary genus- GENERAL LITERARY, one of three groups of works of fiction, epic, lyric, drama. The tradition of generic division of literature was laid down by Aristotle. Despite the fragility of the boundaries between genera and the abundance of intermediate forms (lyroepic ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Epic, lyrics, drama. It is determined according to various criteria: from the point of view of the ways of imitation of reality (Aristotle), types of content (F. Schiller, F. Schelling), categories of epistemology (objective subjective in G. Hegel), formal signs ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

ROD, a (y), prev. o (in) genus and in (na) genus, pl. s, s, husband. 1. Main public organization primitive communal system, united by blood relationship. The elder of the clan. 2. A number of generations descending from one ancestor, as well as a generation in general ... Dictionary Ozhegova

Books

• Pushkin, Tynyanov Yuri Nikolaevich. Yuri Nikolaevich Tynyanov (1894-1943) - an outstanding prose writer and literary critic - outwardly looked like Pushkin, which he was told about with student years... Who knows, maybe it was this superiority that helped ...

DRAMA

DRAMA

(gr., drama, from drao - acting). 1) genus literary works that represent events and persons in action and, as a result, are presented in a dialogical, colloquial form, such works are intended primarily for the scene. Drama as a kind of drama. poetry, differs from other genera - tragedy and comedy - in that it contains elements of the tragic and comic. 2) in a figurative meaning, an event, an incident accompanied by the struggle of the characters and ending in a catastrophe for them.

Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language.- Chudinov A.N., 1910 .

DRAMA

1) a kind of literary work in which the event is not narrated by the author, but is entirely represented by the actors in living ordinary speech; is intended mainly for the theater, therefore, they consist not only of conversations, but also the corresponding movements indicated by the author, crying, laughter, etc.; takes place in front of the audience on stage in an appropriate setting. There are three types of drama: drama in proper. sense, tragedy and comedy; 2) an event that causes a difficult feeling, murder, strife between loved ones, the loss of a loved one, broken love, etc.

Complete Dictionary foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language - Popov M., 1907 .

DRAMA

in general, any poetic work that represents an event, not in a story, but in the very action of the persons participating in it, and for the most part assigned for presentation on stage. The drama is divided into 3 kinds: tragedy, comedy and actually the drama from which. the latter is characterized by the touchingness of its scenes and, in general, pictures, calculated. on the feelings of the viewer. A drama exaggerated in this respect, reaching the point of tearfulness or falling into a fairy tale in its horrors, is called melodrama.

Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language - Pavlenkov F., 1907 .

DRAMA

Greek drama, from drao, acting. a) The ancient Greeks had every theatrical performance. b) Theatrical play touching the viewer with the position of the characters; it differs from tragedy in its happy ending. c) A terrible incident in real life.

An explanation of 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language, with the meaning of their roots. - Mikhelson A.D., 1865 .

Drama

(gr. drama action)

1) one of the three main types of fiction (along with lyrics and epics), which are works built in the form of a dialogue and usually intended for performance on stage, and separate work related to this kind of literature;

2) in the 18th-20th centuries. - a social and everyday play, which differs from comedy in the psychological depth of conflicts;

3) transfer a difficult event, misfortune, an experience that causes moral suffering.

New dictionary foreign words - by EdwART,, 2009 .

Drama

dramas, w. [ Greek drama - action] (book). 1.units only. A genus of literary works written in a dialogical form and intended for stage performance (lit., theater.). The main types of literature are epic, lyric and drama. 2. A literary work of this kind with a serious, but not heroic content (as opposed to comedy and tragedy; lit., theater.). Ostrovsky's dramas. 3. Cinematic film large sizes with a number of exciting positions. 4. Unhappiness, a difficult event that causes moral suffering. Family drama. The drama of this writer is that his best works remain misunderstood.

Big dictionary foreign words. - Publishing house "IDDK", 2007 .

Drama

s, f. ( Greek drama action).
1. pl. no. One of the three main types of verbal art (along with lyrics and epics).
2. collect. Literary works written in dialogical form and intended to be performed by actors on stage. Russian d. 19th century.
3. A literary work in a dialogical form with a serious (as opposed to comedy) plot for performance on stage. D. Lermontov "Masquerade".
|| Wed melodrama, mystery, tragedy, tragicomedy, farce.
4. transfer A grave event, an experience that causes moral suffering. Family d.
|| Wed tragedy.

Explanatory dictionary of foreign words L.P. Krysin.- M: Russian language, 1998 .

Synonyms:

See what "DRAMA" is in other dictionaries:

D. as a poetic genus Origin D. Eastern D. Antique D. Medieval D. D. Renaissance From Renaissance to Classicism Elizabethan D. Spanish D. Classical D. Bourgeois D. Ro ... Literary encyclopedia

Drama- DRAMA. Drama is a poetic work depicting the process of action, as it was recognized by theorists, starting with Aristotle. The main element of a dramatic work is the depicted action. V Lately some… … Dictionary of literary terms

DRAMA, dramas, wives. (Greek drama action) (book). 1.units only. A genus of literary works written in misery. Family drama. The drama of this writer is that his dialogical form and intended for stage performance (lit., ... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

See case ... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and expressions similar in meaning. under. ed. N. Abramova, M .: Russian dictionaries, 1999. drama spectacle, accident, tragedy, misfortune, grief, misfortune, sorrow, blow, adversity, calamity, misfortune, ill-fated, to attack; ... ... Synonym dictionary

- (Greek drama) an action that is being performed (actio, and the action that has not been completed is already actum), since it, developing with the interaction of the character and the external position of the characters, seems to pass through the eyes of the viewer; in aesthetics, a poetic genus imitating ... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

drama- s, w. drame m. transfer Unhappiness, a difficult event that causes moral suffering. Survive the drama. Personal, family drama. ALS 2. There is no courier from the army. The drama can still happen, because the places from Zaslavl to Dubna are very wooded, fashion shows ... ... Historical Dictionary gallicisms of the Russian language

Modern encyclopedia

- (Greek drama literally. action), 1) a literary genus, belonging simultaneously to two arts: theater and literature; its specificity is the plot, the conflict nature of the action and its division into scenic episodes, a continuous chain of statements ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Drama- (Greek drama, literally action), 1) a literary genus, belonging simultaneously to two arts: theater and literature; its specificity is the plot, the conflict of action with division into stage episodes, a continuous chain ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary