Sketch, sketch, idea transfer. preliminary sketch

Sketch(fr. esquise) - a preliminary sketch, fixing the idea artwork, structure, mechanism or its separate part. A sketch is a quickly done freehand drawing, not meant to be a finished work, often consisting of many overlapping lines.

Sketches are inexpensive and allow the artist to sketch and try out other ideas before turning them into a painting. Pencil or pastel is preferred for sketching due to time constraints, but a quick watercolor sketch, or even a quick modeled layout in clay or soft wax, may also be considered a sketch in the broader sense of the word. graphite pencils a relatively new invention, Renaissance artists made sketches using a silver pen on specially prepared paper.

Contrary to popular belief, artists often use erasers when drawing. An eraser can be used to remove construction lines, or to soften overly harsh lines.

A sketch is a preparatory sketch for a work, reflecting the search for the best embodiment of a creative idea. The sketch can be made in various techniques.

Examples of sketches and paintings themselves:

I.I. Shishkin (1832-1898) Rye
V. Surikov. Menshikov in Berezov.

K. P. Bryullov. "The last day of Pompeii"

Information design.

information design- the branch of design, the practice of artistic and technical design and the presentation of various information, taking into account ergonomics, functionality, psychological criteria for the perception of information by a person, aesthetics visual forms presentation of information and some other factors.

In information design, traditional and new design principles are applied to the process of transforming complex and unstructured data into valuable, meaningful information. With the help of pictures, symbols, colors, words, ideas are conveyed, data is illustrated, or relationships are visualized.

5 ways to present information to others

The art of presentation is an external and public part of working with information. It is quite difficult for someone who has not mastered the art of presenting information in public to prove his professionalism. How to make the complex accessible if you have only 10 minutes of a report at a corporate meeting? We have selected the five most effective rules.

Rule number 1. All people appreciate new information comparing it with the knowledge they already have. Try to understand how tall a person is by looking at his photograph in a magazine. You can not. The only way to at least approximately estimate its growth is to compare it with the growth of a person you know or a well-known object. This rule applies to the assessment of most things and phenomena. human life: any scale should be based on the indicators that we know.

Rule number 2. You can organize your information using just five criteria: alphabetical order, geographical position, chronology, category or hierarchy. You must make the most logical choice. Cities, rivers, countries, and roads are most conveniently grouped by location. Books, articles and reference books - alphabetically. Documents related to planning - in chronological order. Warehouse information - by category, and any physical objects - by category (strongest - weakest, boss - subordinate, etc.). Often, two organization criteria can be applied to an object at once. However, in the course of an oral presentation, as a rule, it is better to simplify the scheme and limit it to one, the most important.

Rule number 3. Don't embellish, simplify. Remember the advertising design rule: too many bright colors and text only obscures the target message. Any designer is able to add millions of colors to the picture, make the drawing three-dimensional, raise it in space and cast its shadow on the ground. But good designer knows that all this only distracts from advertising the product. The same is true for data organization. If you need to present statistics, be careful with pie charts. They are more effective than linear ones, but they do not give the right impression of proportions. Maybe we should limit ourselves to a table in which the most important data will be highlighted in red? If you need to present the principle of interaction between companies or persons, be careful not to turn your visualization into a diagram of the Battle of Borodino with your many arrows and dotted lines. Maybe it's enough to publish a two-level diagram in Microsoft Chart?

Rule number 4. To choose what to focus on during the report, think: what is interesting for you. Journalists know that the best article is a work inspired by the author's desire to find out what he did not know and did not understand before. The same goes for a good presentation. First, it is interesting to the author, and then to everyone else.

Rule number 5. Feel free to discard useless information. Even if it's 90% of the report. Information overload has nothing to do with fatigue. This is an emotional issue. The best way avoid it - focus on the most important and most interesting (at the same time). Best Report are flashes interesting information imperceptibly related to each other. Also, remember that if you can't fit your presentation into a 10-minute talk, then you haven't prepared very well. And if you couldn’t place the necessary information on 10 Power Point pages, then you didn’t understand the problem well and you need to start over!

sketches

A sketch is a short-term drawing. It can be completed in 2-5-10 minutes, depending on the goal that you set for yourself.

When studying the forms of an object, it is better to make short sketches (2-5 minutes). If you are interested in the distribution of chiaroscuro, then it will take more time to sketch, since you need to convey both the shape of the object and its chiaroscuro.

Sketches are made before starting work on a long drawing in order to preliminary study the shape of an object or group of objects and their relative position in space. Such sketches should be done from different points of view, changing the position of the object in space.

Sketches play an important role in preparing for a thematic drawing. They help to correctly draw an object, landscape, figure, find the most successful position, movement or shape.

It is useful to make sketches with an independent goal. Working on sketches develops observation, the ability to highlight the main thing, easily determine the shape and characteristics subject and convey them in the drawing.

The sketch can be done with one line, without transferring light and shade ratios. To make it expressive, conveying the volume and spatial position of the object, one must be able to vary the thickness of the line. In dark places, the line can be wide, soft, it is better to outline light places with a thin, hairy line. In some places in the shadows, you can add a few wide strokes in order to emphasize the volume of the form. […]

How to draw sketches correctly

My cat is a Hare, which I like equally with a spot and a line :)

3. Sequence of work.

1. we study nature, carefully examining it. We analyze, choose a good angle, pose, moment.

2. We think over the location of the sketches on the sheet. All characters on the sheet must either face the viewer or be turned to the center of the sheet. You also need to make sure that the sheet space is filled evenly. This helps to develop accuracy and composition skills. (We were faced with the task of arranging 5 sketches on an A4 sheet. I have much more sketches on a sheet, I fill in the empty spaces between the figures more small details, so that the sheet is eventually clogged quite tightly. I also realized that it is much more convenient for me personally to take A3 sheets for sketches. It is not always convenient to work on this format on the street, but if you just train at home, drawing from interesting photos, then this is more profitable. On the street, however, you can still draw in a notebook, so we are still not talking about a strict format.) You should start working in the upper left corner of the sheet.

3.outline people:

General form the body of a person is outlined sequentially: first, the place and size of the head are outlined, then the line is quickly extended from the head to the heels, that is, the movement of the entire human figure is outlined with one line. Then quickly and confidently specified general outline figure silhouette and leg position. In the sketch, a solid fill of the entire silhouette shape is used to apply a tonal spot. Although this is not necessary - sometimes it is very interesting to divide the drawing into completely black and white spots.

animal sketches:

Two or three quickly applied light lines (or spots) should immediately determine the place, size and total mass of the form. The general shape of the body is outlined sequentially: first, the largest part of the form - the torso, then the legs. One line / spot (from the tail to the shoulder blades) outlines the movement of the entire mass of the body. Then the general contour of the body (up to the shoulder blades) and the position of the legs are quickly and confidently specified. The head and neck are depicted last. To determine the location and size of the head, quickly extend the line of the spine from the shoulder blades to the tip of the nose. In this case, the contour line may not be closed, intermittent, and sometimes completely disappear.

again late_night_trip

Even following this technology, everyone's sketches, without exception, turn out to be very different. I like to combine on one sheet various materials and technique, it makes the work very lively. it turns out beautiful not only each sketch separately, but the whole sheet is perceived as the whole picture. Someone, for example, likes, on the contrary, to first outline a clear location of the sketches on the sheet in order to build a clear composition, to preserve the space between the drawings. In general, it can only be more interesting than drawing yourself to compare how it turned out with othersJ. For an hour before the session, my classmates and I looked at each other's sketch sheets, admired each other, and each took note of something interesting.

sketching

Systematic sketching allows you to successfully improve your drawing skills, as well as provide significant assistance in mastering educational material. They contribute to the developmenteye, hand coordination and quick orientation, the ability to accurately and concisely convey the most essential. Fluency in the art of sketching allows you to move to the free image of complex living forms. without applications auxiliary construction lines, which is evidence of the growth of the professional skills of the draftsman.

Sketches should be done constantly rather than in snatches, from time to time. Do not be afraid of the first sketches - they will be pathetic and clumsy, but this only at the beginning. Over time, subject to systematic work, sketches will be obtained all it is better and it is better.

Well, all the theory read, imbued. We will return to the topic of sketches more than once. Let's move on to practice. We take our sketchbooks.

The victim may be:

• all houseplants,
• all household items (cups, spoons, pots, soap in a soap dish, washcloths, jars of shampoo, etc.),
• sleeping pets, appliances…

the list continues on its own.

And on each leaf we draw on the subject. Don't forget to hold the pencil correctly.

Note: you can’t make sketches from a photo or a monitor, we draw only from nature, while sketching you should try to hold your hand correctly, for sketches we choose simple items, do not try to draw a figure of a person or a whole room, it is better to draw a pair of old shoes. It’s not worth evaluating whether it turned out well or badly, one sketch at a time, so when there are more than a hundred of them, then look. Do more sketches soft pencils and keep the use of gum to a minimum.

Sketch of a cat. Sketch stroke and shading used.

There are several ways to pre-paint your work.
Which one you choose often determines the style of your drawing.
1. Without a preliminary sketch,and immediately boldly whitewashed."Of course, this may seem like a mockery - but it's best to do without a preliminary drawing :) The work without it looks fresh and whole." And I agree with this. In this case, the lines sound better, not tortured.

as an illustration, my sketch of flowers from a flower bed.
Well, real masters with a firm hand and a tenacious eye generally create masterpieces in this way.
This method is suitable not only for graphics, but also for watercolors. Here is how Veronica writes about it: Sometimes it seems to me that my watercolors are without preliminary lines have more advantages: I do not drive myself into the framework and follow only my feelings. The sheet is like a clear field for composition, it constantly changes in the process and all that remains is to adjust.


This is my work without a preliminary drawing, just with a brush.
2. The second method is a classic of the genre.
Of course, we are talking about a simple black lead pencil.
There are a few tips for newbies:

• do not use too soft or too hard pencils(in the first case, you risk getting smeared spots, in the second - deformed paper)


• something in between is better (HB or F) F is between H (hard) and HB (hard-soft)


• do not hold the pencil like a pen: grasp its remote part as if you were holding a spoon and apply light rough lines: this way they are easier to erase from the sheet


• after drawing a picture, you can weaken its tone with a nag. With its help, the drawing is not smeared and the paper is not erased, as from an eraser. The klyachka delicately removes the top layer of the graphite trace. V Soviet times for this purpose, they used breadcrumbs :)


• and of course do not forget to check whether your material fits well on a simple pencil. For example, if you conceived a picture with charcoal or pastel, then these materials are in poor contact with a black lead pencil.

On the other hand, you can not erase anything, but on the contrary, make a drawing integral part all work:

Fabrice Moireau, Paris sketchbook
3. Method three, bold.
This method is suitable for watercolor or any other paint.
I especially love it when I draw people.
I dilute the pale natural sienna or ocher and apply the drawing immediately with a brush. I don’t just draw with lines, but immediately give the entire volume with a brush.
Here is the beginning and end of the work: further works by Veronika Kalacheva)


It only looks scary, but in fact it helps a lot to determine the correct proportions. It is much easier to make mistakes in anatomy when drawing with a pencil, because there is a temptation to draw nuances at an early stage. With a medium squirrel brush, I set the volume, and then I add a shadow there and slowly work out the details.


Sometimes I use another method:
I apply a preliminary drawing under watercolor in color watercolor pencils. If they then shine through in the final work, they are perceived quite harmoniously. But the black lead pencil all the time I want to get out of sight :)
Charcoal is traditionally used for preliminary drawing under oil.
creative director of the school, Veronika Kalacheva

1 a preliminary canter

preliminary sketch; prelude, introduction to smth.) , repetition [ this. sport. warming up the horse before the race]

‘If only Bill and Pat could have been married,’ Sally reflected sadly, ‘I wouldn’t feel so bad about what the war’s doing to him.’ ‘I dare say they had a preliminary canter,’ Dinny chuckled. (K. S. Prichard, ‘Winged Seeds’, ch. XXIX)- - If Pat and Billy were also married, - Sally thought aloud sadly, - it would be easier for me to think about the dangers of war. "Well, I guess they've already had a little rehearsal," Dinny grinned.

A: "Is this your finished manuscript?" B: "Good Heavens, no! That"s just the preliminary canter." (SPI)- A: "Is this your finished manuscript? B. No! It's just a sketch."

See also other dictionaries:

SKETCH- a preliminary sketch containing the basis of the design concept (Bulgarian language; Bulgarian) sketch ( Czech; Čeština) skica; načrt ( German; Deutsch) Skizze; Riß (Hungarian; Magyar) vázlatrajz, skicc (Mongolian) tosliin… … Construction dictionary

SKETCH- (fr.). Essay, sketch. Dictionary foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. SKETCH sketch, essay. Complete dictionary foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language. Popov M., 1907. SKETCH ...

sketch- a; m. [French. esquisse] 1. Preliminary, unfinished drawing, sketch. E. to the picture. Draw, sketch e. Pencil e. Portrait e. 2. Drawing, according to which something is created. (theatrical scenery, costume, architectural structure and… … encyclopedic Dictionary

Vasilakis, Antonios- Antonio Vassilachi Antonio Vassilacchi Birth name: Antonios Vassilakis ... Wikipedia

Sketch- Lion sketches. 1980 Pen and porcelain ink on paper ... Wikipedia

sketch- a, m. 1. Preliminary sketch of a drawing, painting or part of it. I showed Kuindzhi a large sketch of the planned painting. The sketch depicted the figure of a contemplator in the evening in a field. Rylov, Memoirs. Having made several pencil sketches, I managed ... Small Academic Dictionary

Sketch- m. 1. Preliminary sketch for a drawing, painting. ott. The initial design of a sculptural work (usually on a reduced scale). ott. Sketch of literary or piece of music. 2. A drawing according to which something is created ... ... Modern Dictionary Russian language Efremova

Sketch- (French esquisse), a preliminary sketch, fixing the idea of ​​a work of art or its individual parts. The sketch outlines compositional construction, spatial plans, the main color ratios of the future ... ... Art Encyclopedia

SCHEME- (Greek schema). An image that represents not a form, but the relationships and actions of objects. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. SCHEME Greek. schema, from scheo, to keep. Form considered separately from ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

SCHEME- (from the Greek schema outline, outline, description) eng. scheme; German schema. 1. A drawing depicting a system, device or arrangement; connection of parts h. l. 2. Image or description in general, basic terms; preliminary sketch, plan ... Encyclopedia of Sociology