A brief description of Mitrofan based on the comedy Nedorosl (Fonvizin D.I.). The image and characteristics of Mitrofanushka in Fonvizin's "Undergrowth": description of Mitrofan Prostakov Characteristics of Mitrofanushka undergrowth

The play by Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin is a comedy about the immature Mitrofanushka (from the Greek "similar to his mother"), about the vices of his upbringing, which turns the young man into a spoiled and stupid creature. Previously, there was nothing bad in this word, and only over time it became a household word. In those days, minors were called teenagers who had not reached the age of fifteen, which was necessary for entry into the service.

The decree on the freedom of the nobility, signed by Peter I, gave the nobles the right to choose: to serve or not to serve. But one way or another, training became mandatory. Mrs. Prostakova tries to follow the law, but wants to keep her son “with her” for another ten years: “While Mitrofan is still underage, while he should be married; and there, in a dozen years, when he enters, God forbid, into the service, endure everything.

Being the only son of the landowners Prostakovs, Mitrofan Terentyevich lives with his parents at the age of sixteen, not knowing worries. The domineering mother decides everything for him: whom to marry, whom to kiss on the hand.

Characteristics of the hero

(Comedy illustration. Artist T.N. Kasterina, 1981)

Our protagonist is a spoiled sissy who behaves as he pleases. However, the undivided love of his mother turned him not only into an egoist, but also into a skilled manipulator. He does not recognize his father at all and does not put him in anything, because he does not indulge his whims. Mitrofan does not like his uncle and is rude in every possible way.

Prostakov throughout the play enjoys home comfort and idleness, instead of serving. Nothing worries him, well, except for tasty and plentiful food and fun.

Mitrofanushka has neither life goals nor lofty aspirations. He also has no desire to study, which he “gave” for four whole years, but he could not learn to read and write or arithmetic. It is understandable, because Prostakov never lived with his own mind, and the caring mother did not want to "torment the child with study", hiring teachers only because it was customary in the families of the nobles.

It is curious that Mitrofan is also characterized by a certain self-criticism: he is aware that he is lazy and stupid. However, this fact does not upset him at all.

Cruelty towards his teachers and servants was the norm for him, because he was narcissistic and arrogant, as well as Mrs. Prostakova, who also did not consider anyone's opinion except her own. The young man's nanny, Eremeevna, suffered a lot from him. Mitrofan constantly complained to his mother about the poor woman and they stopped paying her salary.

The whole plot is built around the plan of Mitrofanushka's sudden marriage to the poor orphan Sophia, who (suddenly!) turns out to be a rich heiress. Following the mother's instructions, the hero eventually betrays her: "Yes, get rid of you, mother, how you imposed yourself."

The image of the hero in the work

For his relatives, Mitrofan Prostakov is still a small child - even in his presence they talk about him in this way, calling him either a child or a child - and Mitrofanushka shamelessly uses this throughout the comedy.

Through the image of Mitrofan, one of the main negative characters, the author shows the degradation of the nobility of that time. Ignorance and rudeness, stupidity and apathy are just the tip of the iceberg of the problems of improper upbringing and permissiveness.

Mom's minion, whose life is burdened with class vices, causes laughter through tears: "Although he is 16 years old, he has already reached the last degree of his perfection and will not go far." He is the slave of his mother, he is her own tyrant. His heart does not know love, pity and compassion.

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MITROFANUSHKA

MITROFANUSHKA - the hero of D.I. Fonvizin's comedy "Undergrowth" (1781), a sixteen-year-old teenager (undergrowth), the only son of Mrs. Prostakova, mother's darling and favorite of the servants. M. as a literary type was not the discovery of Fonvizin. Russian literature of the late 18th century. she knew and portrayed such undersized people living freely in rich parental homes and at the age of sixteen barely mastered the letter. Fonvizin endowed this traditional figure of noble life (especially provincial) with the generic features of the Prostakovo-Skotininsky “nest”.

In the house of his parents, M. is the main "amusing person" and "entertainer", an inventor and a witness to all stories like the one that he dreamed of in a dream: how mother beat father. It is a textbook known how M. took pity on his mother, who was busy with the heavy duty of beating her father. M.'s day is marked by absolute idleness: fun in the dovecote, where M. escapes from lessons, is interrupted by Eremeevna, who begs the "child" to learn. Having blabbed to his uncle about his desire to marry, M. immediately hides behind Eremeevna - “an old grunt”, in his words, ready to lay down his life, but “child” “do not give out”. The boorish arrogance of M. is akin to his mother’s manner of treating household members and servants: “freak” and “loose” - husband, “dog daughter” and “bad mug” - Eremeevna, “beast” - girl Palashka.

If the intrigue of the comedy revolves around the marriage of M. to Sofya, longed for by the Prostakovs, then the plot is focused on the topic of education and teaching of an underage teenager. This is a traditional topic for educational literature. M.'s teachers were selected in accordance with the norm of the time and the level of understanding of their task by parents. Here, Fonvizin emphasizes the details that speak of the quality of choice, which is characteristic of the simpleton family: M. is taught in French by the German Vralman, the exact sciences are taught by retired sergeant Tsyfirkin, who “marks a little arithmetic”, grammar is taught by the “educated” seminarian Kuteikin, dismissed from "every doctrine" by permission of the consistory. Hence, in the well-known scene of the exam, M. - an outstanding invention of Mitrofan's ingenuity about the noun and adjective door, hence the intriguingly fabulous ideas about the story set out by the cowgirl Khavronya. On the whole, the result was summed up by Mrs. Prostakova, who was convinced that "without science, people live and lived."

The hero of Fonvizin is a teenager, almost a youth, whose character is stricken with a disease of dishonesty that spreads to every thought and every feeling inherent in him. He is unscrupulous in his attitude towards his mother, by whose efforts he exists in comfort and idleness, and whom he leaves at the moment when she needs his consolation. The comic robes of the image are funny only at first glance. V.O. Klyuchevsky attributed M. to the breed of creatures “related to insects and microbes”, characterizing this type with inexorable “reproducibility”.

Thanks to the hero Fonvizin, the word "undergrowth" (previously neutral) became a household name for a loafer, lazybones and lazybones.

Lit .: Vyazemsky P. Fon-Vizin. St. Petersburg, 1848; Klyuchevsky V. "Undergrowth" Fonvizin

//Klyuchevsky V. Historical portraits. M., 1990; Rassadin St. Fonvizin. M., 1980.

E.V. Yusim

literary heroes. - Academician. 2009 .

See what "MITROFANUSHKA" is in other dictionaries:

Ignorant, ignorant, undersized, half-educated Dictionary of Russian synonyms. mitrofanushka n., number of synonyms: 5 mitrofan (3) ... Synonym dictionary

MITROFANUSHKA, and, husband. (colloquial). An overgrown ignoramus [by the name of the hero of Fonvizin's comedy "Undergrowth"]. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

The protagonist of the comedy "Undergrowth" (1783) by Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin (1745-1792) is a spoiled landowner's son, a lazy and ignorant one. A common noun for young people of this type. Encyclopedic Dictionary of winged words and expressions. M .: "Lokid ... ... Dictionary of winged words and expressions

M. 1. Literary character. 2. Used as a symbol of a stupid, undereducated young man from a wealthy family; undergrowth. Explanatory Dictionary of Ephraim. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova

Undergrowth comedy by Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin. This play is his most famous work and the most repertory play of the 18th century on the Russian stage of subsequent centuries. Fonvizin worked on the comedy for about three years. The premiere took place in 1782 ... Wikipedia

Mitrofanushka- Mitrof anushka, and, genus. n. pl. h. nis (undergrowth) ... Russian spelling dictionary

Mitrofanushka- (1 m) (lit. character; also about a lazy person and an ignoramus) ... Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language

AND; m. and w. Iron. About a poorly educated, lazy, unwilling to study teenager. ● Named after the hero of the comedy Fonvizin Undergrowth (1782) ... encyclopedic Dictionary

mitrofanushka- And; m. and w.; iron. About a poorly educated, lazy, unwilling to study teenager. After the hero of the comedy Fonvizin Nedorosl (1782) ... Dictionary of many expressions

Mitrofanushka- the character of the comedy D. Fonvizin Undergrowth (1783), his name has become a household name for a stupid and ignorant young man who does not want to learn ... Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary

Books

• Undergrowth. Brigadier, Fonvizin Denis Ivanovich. The book includes the most famous works of the playwright, publicist, translator and creator of Russian everyday comedy D. I. Fonvizin. The heroes of the comedy "Undergrowth" are representatives of different social ...

Comedy D. I. Fonvizin "Undergrowth" is named after an ignoramus and a loafer. Mitrofanushka is one of the central characters in the play. Laziness, inaction, selfishness and indifference are its main internal qualities. Description of Mitrofan allows us to say about the generalized image of the nobility.

Relationships with parents

Mitrofan is very fond of his parents. Mother - Mrs. Prostakova - idolizes her son. She is really ready for everything for him. Prostakova raised Mitrofanushka in such a way that he did not know how to live for real. In life, he was not interested in anything, he was not familiar with problems and life difficulties, since his parents did everything so that Mitrofanushka would not encounter them. This fact strongly influenced Mitrofanushka's attitude to his own life: he felt his permissiveness. At the heart of the hero's life was laziness and apathy, the desire to achieve only his own goals related to peace.

The protagonist saw how his mother treats his father. Prostakov did not play a big role in their family. This was the reason that Mitrofan did not take his father seriously either. He grew up insensitive and selfish, not even showing love to his mother, who in turn loved him very much. The character demonstrated such an indifferent attitude towards his mother at the end of the work: Mitrofanushka refuses to support Mrs. Prostakova with the words “Yes, get rid of you, mother, how you imposed yourself.”

Such a quotation characterization fully indicates the results of permissiveness and blind parental love. D. I. Fonvizin demonstrated how such love has a detrimental effect on a person.

Life goals

The characterization of Mitrofan from the comedy "Undergrowth" is largely determined by his attitude to life. Mitrofanushka has no lofty goals. He is not adapted to real life, so his main actions are sleeping and eating peculiar foods. The hero does not pay attention either to nature, or to beauty, or to the love of his parents. Instead of studying, Mitrofanushka dreams of her marriage, while never thinking about love. Mitrofanushka never experienced this feeling, therefore marriage for him is what is accepted in society, which is why he so wants to get married. Mitrofanushka wastes her life without thinking about any large-scale goals.

Attitude towards learning

The image of Mitrofanushka, in short, personifies a negative attitude towards education. In "Undergrowth" the story about Mitrofan's studies is very comical. The hero was engaged in education only because it was supposed to be so in society. Ms. Prostakova herself, who decided to hire teachers for Mitrofan, considered science to be empty. This greatly influenced the worldview of the child, who, like the mother, began to consider education a waste of time. If it were possible to leave education, Mitrofan would gladly do it. However, the decree of Peter I, which is tacitly mentioned in The Undergrowth, obliged all nobles to take a training course. Education and knowledge for Mitrofanushka becomes a duty. The mother of the hero could not instill desire in her son, so he began to believe that he could do without knowledge. For four years of study, he did not achieve any results. Mitrofanushka's teachers also contribute to ignorance, for whom only material values ​​were important. Mitrofanushka treats her teachers with disrespect, calling them various names. He saw his superiority over them, so he allowed them to behave like that.

“I don’t want to study, but I want to get married” - Mitrofanushka’s life-affirming statement has not lost its relevance for the third century. Denis Fonvizin's first realistic or everyday comedy in the history of Russian dramaturgy presented both a lot of vivid images and useful aphorisms. We learn 10 facts from the life of Mitrofanushka together with Natalia Letnikova.

The ideas of "Undergrowth" at Fonvizin took shape in Europe. For a year and a half, the writer, while in France, got acquainted with the philosophy, jurisprudence and life of the country. When writing The Undergrowth, the playwright relied on articles from satirical magazines, the works of Voltaire, Rousseau, Duclos, and even comedies written by Catherine II herself.

Speaking surnames - the best author's characteristics. In the sketches of the protagonist, the name was Ivanushka, but by the time the comedy was published, it was already Mitrofanushka, colloquially, "sissy" - Mrs. Prostakova. The pseudo-scientist Vralman and the official Pravdin, Starodum and Skotinin, Sophia and Milon, Tsyfirkin and Kuteikin are the heroes of the most famous work of Fonvizin and completed portraits of their era.

"Undergrowth". The landowner Prostakov is repairing the court and reprisal. From the engraving by N.I. Kalita. 1958

Comedy illustration by D.I. Fonvizin "Undergrowth"

History of undergrowths in Russia. So in the 18th century they called noble children who had not reached the age appointed by Peter I for entering the service. Fonvizin filled the image with ironic meaning. The undergrowth is an uneducated, uncouth, rude, selfish young man, and the name Mitrofanushka has become a household name with the light hand of the playwright.

The most repertoire play of the 18th century on the Russian stage. A year before the premiere, the author tested the work at home readings. They intended to stage the play both in St. Petersburg and in Moscow. Moscow censorship did not take risks. The premiere took place in 1782 at the Free Russian Theater in St. Petersburg. "Undergrowth" has gone through many amateur productions. In the performance of the Nizhyn Gymnasium, the role of Prostakova was played by Gogol.

Author, director. He worked on the production, distributed the roles and Fonvizin himself, and "the first court actor of the Russian theater" - Ivan Dmitrievsky. The most famous actor of the 18th century played the role of Starodum and became the main magnet for the public. The role of Pravdin was played by the bright actor and playwright Pyotr Plavilshchikov, and the leading comedian of that time, Yakov Shumsky, brilliantly embodied the image of Yeremeevna.

« Die, Denis, you won't write better"- the phrase attributed to Grigory Potemkin has become a real historical anecdote. According to the theatrical legend, after the premiere of the performance in St. Petersburg, Prince Potemkin allegedly approached Fonvizin with this phrase. According to another version, the flattering review belongs to Derzhavin. The Dramatic Dictionary of the time reported: "The audience applauded the play by throwing purses."

"Undergrowth" Fonvizin. Artist T.N. Kasterina

Mrs. Prostakova, Mitrofanushka, Kuteikin and Tsyfirkin. "Undergrowth" Fonvizin. Artist T.N. Kasterina

Laughter to execute vices. Comedy fulfilled its main task of its time in full. “Too faithful lists from nature,” Belinsky said about the characters in The Undergrowth; “Everything is taken alive from nature,” Gogol echoed his colleague; The Decembrists called "Undergrowth" the first folk comedy. “The only monument to folk satire,” Pushkin called the work of the “Russian Moliere”.

From everyday comedy to a satirical magazine. In 1783, the first printed edition of The Undergrowth was published, and five years later, Denis Fonvizin tried to publish his own satirical magazine with the telling name Starodum, named after the most reasonable comedy hero. The magazine was banned by Empress Catherine II.

« Undergrowth "in the favorites of modern directors. The story of Mitrofanushka is in the repertoire of the northernmost theater in the world - the Norilsk Polar Theater, as well as the Ryazan and Nizhny Novgorod Youth Theaters. With the music of Dmitri Shostakovich and Russian folk melodies, the comedy is presented by the Children's Philharmonic of St. Petersburg. And in 2015, "Undergrowth" also became a musical - with the light hand of composer Alexander Zhurbin.

30th anniversary of Mitrofanushka at the Maly Theater. The modern version of "Undergrowth" on this stage starts from 1986. Played over 700 performances. “I was terribly tired,” recalled Afanasy Kochetkov, who played Starodum, “but suddenly schoolchildren came to a matinee at some performance, and from their reaction I realized ... that they were interested in the position of this character, his philosophy, his thoughts ... "