The national character of the Russian person. Hot blood of cold steppes. Characteristic features of the Russian national character

Incomprehensible, contradictory Russian female character, in which strength and tenderness, endurance and complaisance, love and self-denial are merged.

The image of a Russian woman is shrouded in a veil of mystery, which Russian writers have long sought to uncover. Domestic literature presents readers with a whole gallery of characters of Russian women, very different, but they all have in common sincerity of feelings and thoughts, whole, lively natures. They say that now you will not find such people, but if you look closely, then modern Russian women are in many ways similar to their literary sisters. Yes, we live in a different time and in a different society, but even today being a Russian woman is already a merit.

Since the time of Tatyana Larina, female characters have become much stronger than male ones, moreover, they are opposed to them. Eugene Onegin, a burner, floating with the flow and pondering little about anything Alexei Vronsky, wrapped in a robe and practically does not rise from the sofa Ilya Oblomov, completely sank after the loss of his wife and beloved Yuri Zhivago, a spender and a mot Sergey Paratov ... Against their background, thick, juicy portraits of Russian women were painted with strokes.

Tatiana became the first protagonist of the Russian novel - and this was the poet's courage, and the novel itself could rather be called "Tatiana Larina". The boom in "female" titles of literary works happened a little later: "Anna Karenina", "Asya", "Mashenka", "Anna Snegina", "Lyubov Yarovaya" ...

Strong female characters are not only literary, but also real. Women's forums are full of complaints about the indifference and laziness of husbands, about assault and betrayal. Yes, and in your environment, you probably met women who pull on themselves work, children, and everyday life. There are also happy exceptions, but even in such tandems, a woman is a source of energy for a partner. Being strong is a habit learned from an early age.

Russian women all over the world are famous for their beauty and charm. Moreover, this beauty is not in the canonical correctness of facial features, but in the content. Bulgakov's Margarita attracted with a spark that burned in her eyes. Tatyana Larina - with thoughtfulness and inner purity. Natasha Rostova - with liveliness and spontaneity. Especially often, writers emphasize the beauty of the eyes, which, as you know, are the “mirror of the soul”. These are the “amazing, touching eyes” of Chekhov's Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskaya, the large, stern eyes of Nekrasov's Matryona Timofeevna, or the brilliant gray eyes, “which seemed dark from thick eyelashes,” by Anna Karenina.

A classic example of a Russian beauty is presented to us by Nekrasov in the poem "Moroz. Red nose": " There are women in Russian villages, with the calm importance of faces, with beautiful power in movement, with gait, with the gaze of queens».

Sometimes the authors deliberately emphasize the heroine's lack of external beauty, prompting readers to look deep into her beautiful soul. This is how Pushkin presents to us his “sweet ideal”: “ So, she was called Tatiana. Neither the beauty of her sister, nor the freshness of her ruddy face would she attract the eyes».

Natasha Rostova first appears before us as "an ugly, but lively girl."

Sometimes, on the contrary, the heroines are distinguished by their amazing beauty. Varenka ("After the Ball" by L. Tolstoy) was " in her youth ... lovely: tall, slender, graceful and majestic". A rare beauty was poor Liza, who conquered Erast at the first meeting.

But the beauty of Russian women is not only a gift of nature, but also the result of hard work on oneself... Russian women take care of themselves from their youth: they follow fashion, know how to do makeup and hair. They do not allow themselves to go out in crumpled clothes and even take out the trash in heels. And it's all done with sole purpose- to win the attention and hearts of men.

For a Russian woman are important family values... And Russians generally get married earlier than their European counterparts. The latter must first get on their own feet, build a career and equip a house. And the Russians, not only women, but also men, thanks to durable family ties can count on the help and support of their grandparents. Therefore, they often successfully combine family with a career - and this is also a feature of the character of Russian women. But the measure of female success in the eyes of society, no matter how opposed to this individual representatives of the fair sex, still has been and remains a marriage.

It happens that commitment to family and children turns into a sacrifice for a Russian woman. Examples of heroines who see their destiny in the family are presented to us classic literature... Larisa Ogudalova is ready to marry Karandyshev: “ I thought that family responsibilities would fill my life and make me peace with her.».

Natasha Rostova completely dissolves in worries about her husband and children: “ The subject Natasha plunged into was the family, that is, the husband, who had to be kept in such a way that he inseparably belonged to her, to the house, and the children who had to be carried, given birth, fed, brought up».

Russian woman is a mother. Natalya, the unloved wife of Grigory Melekhov ("Quiet Don" by M. Sholokhov), for the first time deserves the tender glance of her husband, having given birth to twins and shining with "some pure inner beauty." For the daughter-in-law, the mother of Grigory Ilyinichna becomes closer to her own mother. She is a stronghold of the family, a wise and calm woman. Without fussing in vain, he manages to keep the house in order, and pay attention to all the children, their emotional experiences, and tame the angry husband.

Often life puts the heroines before a choice: Love, or duty. And there is no single answer to this question.

To remain faithful to her husband, rejecting love, which has not faded over the years, is the choice of Tatyana Larina. She cannot give up her position in society - a rich and noble lady, the wife of a prince and a general. Natalia Korshunova, quiet and affectionate heroine of Sholokhovsky " Quiet Don", Forgives the dislike and betrayal of her husband, Grigory Melekhov.

Modern women are often also ready to put up with the shortcomings of their husbands, drunkenness, beatings, betrayals, trying to save the family to the last ...

At the opposite pole, other women are ready for any sacrifice for love. And this love is spontaneous, metaphysical, incomprehensible to reason. Love is life itself.

Turgenev's Asa combines "a good heart" and a "troubled head". She is sincere, honest, mobile. And her feelings can only be as direct: “ How deeply she feels and with what incredible force these feelings are expressed in her; it finds her as unexpected and as irresistible as a thunderstorm».

Liza, modest, hardworking, completely surrendered herself to Erast, she “ they only lived and breathed, in everything, like a lamb, obeyed his will and in his pleasure she gave her happiness”, Loved him more than herself. (" Poor Lisa"N. Karamzin). Anna Karenina hoped to find the meaning of life in her love for the handsome officer Alexei Vronsky. She leaves her husband and leaves her son, feeling at the same time a criminal. Having violated the laws of duty and morality that reigned in society, she loses friends, everyone rejects her. Outcome: the only way out that she sees is death.

Katerina Kabanova ("The Thunderstorm" by A. Ostrovsky) gave her heart to Boris and. " If you had beckoned me, I would have followed you: if you had even gone to the ends of the world, I would have followed you and would not have looked back". The duty of a woman, of a wife, does not allow her to hide this connection from her husband, and, unable to withstand his despotism and the despotism of her mother-in-law any longer, she rushes into the Volga. She left her rich husband and devoted her life to the poor Master Bulgakov's Margarita and even paid with her earthly life for the right to stay with him in another life.

Unable to resist the feelings of "dowry" Larisa Ogudalova. She throws her fiancé and rides on night walk with Sergei Paratov, who had already deceived her once. But she still hopes that he will marry her. Being deceived a second time. Larisa realizes that she will never marry again. Dying at the hands of a jealous groom, she considers this a boon.

Lara Guichard (“Doctor Zhivago” by B. Pasternak) says that if she had to choose between love and duty, then: “... I would not resist the call of the past, the call of fidelity. I would sacrifice everything, even the dearest».

Feminism, by the way, which is marching around the world, practically did not touch Russia. Paradoxically, the reason is that exactly Soviet Russia became one of the first countries where women received equal rights with men, including the right to affordable free higher education... It is largely because of this that Russian women are famous for their intelligence. “How does a Russian blonde differ from a woman in general? The Russian blonde knows how to play chess. " This American joke perfectly characterizes the attitude towards IQ of Russian ladies. Indeed, militant feminism in Russia is far less viable. Any woman here will be glad if they give her a place in public transport, give her a hand when leaving or open the door. In Russia, a traditional view of the role of men and women has been adopted. The woman is the mistress of the house and the mother. Yes, many girls strive to get a good education, to take place in the profession, but this does not in any way negate families and the birth of children. No wonder even the word "university" is jokingly deciphered as "to get married successfully." Russian women often work not for a career, but for money - it is simply not possible to live on one spouse's salary. And they remain industrious and energetic until old age.

In a word, the portrait of a Russian woman, regardless of the time and her position in society, is contradictory and multifaceted. And the Russian female character is a mosaic of various feelings and actions, thoughts and emotions, from which the pattern of life is formed, bright and unique.

The stereotypes of Russian behavior, of course, depend on which generation who belongs to. The younger generation and managers who have received the best education in Western Europe behave differently than the generation of their fathers. However, some stereotypes are carried over from generation to generation and can be considered “Russian archetypes”.

How I became Russian (TV series trailer)

The most important factor that still determines the behavior of a Russian person (and his attitude to housing, clothing, food, cleanliness, order, property) is long-term residence in a totalitarian state.
In particular, the psyche of the population was greatly influenced by both the post-perestroika crisis and the “shock therapy” of transformations in society in the 90s.
The rules of everyday life change often and quickly, and no one knows by what laws and no one explains anything to anyone. There is not enough confidence in Russia, there is nothing to rely on.

Anecdote from the times after the collapse of the USSR
The state comes to the people and says: “I have two news for you: good and bad. Where to start? "-" With a good one. "-" You are free! "-" And now a bad one. "-" You are free ... "

National character

The main stereotypes about the traits of the Russian national character

• “The mystery of the Russian soul” - the mentality of the Russian people is a mysterious mystery that cannot be solved
• "Nationality" - patriotism, service to the fatherland, love for the motherland, loyalty to traditions
• "Hope for a bright future" - the search for truth, justice, freedom, hope for an ideal state, expectation of a "just ruler"
• "Messianism" - Russia, as an example to other peoples, is ready to sacrifice itself for the sake of others ("Others are saved, they are ruining themselves.")
• “Fatalism” - resignation to the fact that much will happen regardless of the will and desire of a person, the belief that nothing accidental happens in life. This character trait of Russians sometimes leads to passive behavior, the habit of relying not on oneself, but on God's will, "a good uncle" (sayings: "We will live and see", "We are used to ..."; "nothing" is the most common reaction to failure)
• "Sentimentality", "openness of emotions", "pathos" (phraseological units: "pour out the soul" "soul wide open" "talk heart to heart")
• "Polarization" - dividing the entire diversity of the world into good and evil, truth and falsehood, "ours" and "others"
• "Maximalism", "fanaticism", "extremism"
• setting for observance of rituals, traditions, customs

Opposites of the Russian national character

Russians themselves believe that the Russian character consists of extremes and opposites. The guiding slogan of the Russian people is: "Either everything or nothing." According to Russian and foreign observers, Russia is "a country of systematic paradoxes."

They contradict each other:

• gullibility, hope for a true ruler - and dreams of freedom
• generosity, hospitality, openness in privacy- and formalism, severity, unsmiling in official communication
• great culture (literature, music, theater), the development of science, the ability to achieve better results (excellence) in many areas, the presence modern technologies- and incompleteness, inability to see the consequences of their actions in advance and plan them, half-heartedness, inability and unwillingness to complete the work begun - everything is decided on the fly, most institutions work on the brink of their capabilities (post office, city transport) (from this arising positive features character - "resourcefulness", "adaptability", "the ability to create something out of nothing").
• fear of superiors - and persistent non-compliance with prescribed and established rules

Opinion of foreigners about Russians

Russians are a very proud, self-confident people. But on the other hand, the Russians are deceiving, pretending, hiding in front of problems (When German troops entered Kiev, Stalin argued that not a single German soldier crossed the Russian borders.). When convicted of a lie, they will only shrug their shoulders.
The problem of bureaucracy is that any business takes a very long and difficult time, the rules often change, and those who wish are endlessly sent from one window to another.

Social behavior

Russian collectivism

Russians do not tolerate loneliness, they are a sociable people.
They can even speak to strangers(communication on the train), they like to often communicate by phone (in cities, the time-based principle of payment has not yet been introduced telephone conversations, and people are "hanging on the phone").
Relations with neighbors are still important in the life of Russians - neighborly ties play an almost family role.
Russians are characterized by such character traits as compassion, cordiality, compassion (deafness, to the misfortune of another person, is unusual for Russians).
On the other hand, many of them have adopted this way of life: to live like everyone else, not to stick out.
Collectivism includes love for mass holidays, to companies, a tradition of hospitality. In the village there is a habit of meeting with neighbors in the same hut - "gatherings". Russians value the principle of "conciliarity" - the inner unity of people on the basis of a community of spirit.

“Ruský kolektivismus se v Rusku projevuje sklony k masovosti, Občané se tlačí, vytvářejí fronty a z těch front se vyčleňují přirození vůdci, kteří buď organizují dav nebo sepisukyjí. To bývá na úřadech. Kdyby tam nebyla fronta, určitě by lidé odešli, že mají zavřeno. Fronta bývá jedna ústřední, pořadníků více. "
Elizabeth Roberts: Xenofobův národnostní průvodce: Rusové

However, in recent times Russians are also characterized by a craving for individualization (with the fall of the USSR, every Russian finally found himself on his own).

Public role

Russians more expressively enter into their public role, observe the rules of formal behavior, always try to preserve their "good name", they are characterized by a constant look at what "other people will say or think of us."
There is a huge difference in human behavior in the public (professional) sphere and in private life.
Characteristic is "servile psychology" in relation to the boss (one and the same person can show disdain for a person dependent on him and in a minute become servile, obsequious in the face of the boss), a popular proverb is: “You are the boss - I’m a fool. I am the boss - you are a fool. " Democratic principles do not always work in society in relation to the terms of occupying some positions (for example, a university rector). If a person has already taken a high position, then, as a rule, he firmly "sits" on it.

The most important values

Russians highly value: courage, strength, good social status, "good name", reputation in the eyes of friends and neighbors, sentimental and emotional actions.
Especially the Russians have a lot of respect for smart people. Cleverness, in the eyes of Russians, is not rational ability, but rather spirituality, delicacy, social responsibility, high moral qualities.
It has long been customary to measure the level of culture by the number of books read.
Oddly enough, a smile is sometimes considered an indicator of stupidity ( folk proverb: "Laughing for no reason is a sign of foolishness.").

Money is not considered a particularly great value, the Russian people are convinced that wealth cannot be acquired by honest labor.

The attitude of Russians to ...

... to foreigners

Back in the 19th century, in all likelihood, there was no xenophobia in Russia. The Russians were ready to quickly come to terms with the presence of foreigners. They treated those who came without malicious intent in a friendly way, but cruel to those who came with malicious intent.
In the Soviet era, other (better) restaurants and hotels were intended for visiting foreigners, they were given the first places in the queues, but they were not allowed into restricted areas.
Nowadays, everything depends on the nationality of the foreigner. Russians love Chekhov, and Serbs are also close to them. But with the Poles, Ukrainians, Germans, they already have a little more complicated relations.
Some museums have introduced double prices for foreigners (in the Hermitage, a ticket for them is 3 times more expensive than for a Russian).

... beggars

Beggars are spared in Russia, they are given money.

... children

Russian children, of course, are very fond of and are ready to give the last money for their education and improving their future.

For parents

Russians respect their ancestors and old parents very much and surround them with care. In families, as a rule, several generations live together more often than in our country. It is considered a sin to place old people in a nursing home.

...authorities

The Russian archetype is characterized by fear of the state.
The state practically constantly interfered in the lives of its subjects (by violence, ideology) - a Russian person could rarely concentrate on his private life.
The embodiment of the evil power that puts pressure on the people and cynically rob them, for a Russian person, is bureaucracy, a terrible and irresistible force.
An “Orthodox type of person” was formed, which is patient, passive, conservative, sometimes even indifferent, able to survive in the most incredible conditions, immersed in the past and absorbed in the eternal search for ideals, refraining from arbitrary interference in anything.
Related to this is the Russians' inability to take on personal responsibility (“My house is on the edge, I don’t know anything.”)
The paradox of attitudes toward power: on the one hand, a Russian is genetically trained not to expect good, help, or support from power; at the same time, he hopes for a miracle, for a “good tsar,” a reformer - a deliverer (illusions, euphoria are constantly replaced by disappointment, condemnation of the authorities).
In the history of Russia, the deification of power, of charismatic leaders is repeated - an indicator of the sacredness of the consciousness of Russians.

Relationship between men and women

Men

Men (already boys) should not show their weakness (sometimes rudeness helps them in this). They don't compliment women as often as they would like. When they like a woman, they will tell her about it directly, show their love with gifts, attentiveness. (This means that it is not so difficult for women to find out whether they love or not?)

„Mladý muž univerzál - nosí černé džíny, černou koženou bundu, černou koženou čepici s nápletem. Tváří se nepřístupně (žvýkačka narozdíl od cigarety není podmínkou), mluví úsečně záměrně hlubokým hlasem. Mladíci se shlukují kolem stánků u výstupu z metra, usrkávají z lahve pivo domácí výroby, kouří, pojídají buráky, plivou (i slupky slunečnicovýchínekěk) a doká užd kolemý

Russian woman

A Russian woman likes to feel like the weaker sex. She is able to spend her last money on clothes and cosmetics. Before women they had to work in male professions, they got used to taking care of everything, they immediately became adults.

„Ruská žena je často buď puťka, která se bojí překročit stín svého muže, nechá se bít manželem, tyranizovat synem a vydírat tchýní, nebo jeět bytost sna věě to emancipovaná energetic žena bytost sna věě to emancipovaná energetic žena bytost sna věě to emancipovaná energetic žena.
D.Šťáhlavský: Rusko mezi řádky

A sign of bad taste in society is considered ...

• blow your nose
• use a toothpick
• have dirty shoes
• come to visit without a gift
• show your bad mood
• to speak "intricate turns" (Russians are also annoyed by the "empty chatter" spatial reasoning about what can be expressed in two words)
• “Throw words” (Russians take what was said too seriously and literally; you can't joke just like that).
• Russians do not understand the European manner of “not noticing” something unpleasant that does not correspond to the norms of behavior. They will actively intervene, comment, and correct the situation. (If, for example, someone is in no hurry in the queue, delays others, his behavior can cause noisy indignation and even a scandal.)
• When clarifying relations with Russians, it is recommended to be more careful in words and intonation - a Russian often intuitively conjectures the situation and prefers to act (sometimes it even comes to rude bodily reactions, fights).
• It is inconvenient for Russians to talk about money; it is also not customary to talk about intimate relationships, to ridicule the national traits and dignity of Russians.
• It is better not to ask the interlocutor questions about the place of birth. In connection with the complex history of Russia (including the forced migration of the population), very complex things can be affected.
• Russians appreciate a heart-to-heart conversation - it is a long, unhurried, frank conversation with a good acquaintance, with a close friend. Preferred by „ high topics“- for example, about the meaning of life, the future of Russia, politics, literature, theater, cinema. You can also talk about family matters.

Gestures

• flicking the throat with your index or middle finger: means "drink vodka" or "he is drunk"
• knock forefinger on the temple: "not quite a smart person"
• put your hands on your heart: emphasize your sincerity in a conversation
• stick your thumb between the middle and forefinger with a clenched fist: fig (fig with butter), a vulgar gesture expressing categorical denial
• Russians keep counting so that they bend their fingers, gradually collecting them into a fist, starting with the little finger

Everyday life

Life - way of life, everyday life, material and cultural development of society.

In Russia, there is a strong spiritual orientation to the East, that is, concentration on spiritual life (serving a higher goal). Russians have always reproached the West for being extremely consumer-oriented (money, things, personal successes).
Therefore, the indifference of Russians to money and, in general, to the material side of life, a lack of concern for the comfort of life is often observed; on the contrary, they attach importance to values ​​such as education, literature and culture, and respect in society.
The unpredictability and severity of Russian nature and climate and many historical cataclysms made it difficult to develop European pragmatism, the ability to organize time and save space.

„Bolševismus naučil lidi skromnosti, nenáročnosti, ale také rozmařilosti a plýtvání. Naučil je žít s pocitem, že to dnes může být naposledy. "
D. Šťáhlavský: Rusko mezi řádky

Lodging

Recently, in many large cities of Russia, a huge number of improved housing, comfortable apartments have appeared, but, all the same, only very wealthy people can afford new housing. For Russians it presents „ housing problem“Is still a huge problem. There are still families where several generations live together in the same apartment.
Most residential buildings in Russia are huge, multi-storey, multi-entrance. Typical of them are windows protected by bars, heavy armored doors in entrances and apartments, dirt in the entrances, on the stairs and in the elevator.
People have not learned to take care of the home and its surroundings as if it were their own.
Unlike other nationalities, it is not customary for Russians to show guests their house, their apartment.

Fashion wealthy people- Build comfortable country houses, mansions, so-called. "Cottages".

During Soviet times (especially Stalinist times), many people had to live in communal apartments, that is, in apartments that are public property, in which several families (not related family relations people belonging to different social strata). Living in communal apartments actually crippled the mental health and interpersonal relationships of one generation of Russians.

Cleanliness is a mess

All over Russia there are many uncleaned places, abandoned wastelands. The strange smell of Russia is made up of gasoline, buckwheat and vodka. However, Russians thoroughly wash their hands, clean their shoes, and use perfume.
In the toilets you can find the inscription “Big request! Don't throw paper in the toilet! “.
Some toilets lack a door or top of the walls. In restaurants, they often do not differentiate between men and women.

Drunkenness

Russians have a very frivolous attitude towards their health, including an addiction to alcohol.
Russians usually tolerate alcohol well, they can drink a lot of vodka and remain "in the mind", but they quickly become addicted to alcohol.
The causes of alcoholism are the harsh climate, difficult living conditions (for centuries Russian has been looking for oblivion of problems in a glass).

The Russian authorities continue to fight alcoholism. Since 2014, drinking alcoholic beverages has been prohibited in public places. Pit can be at home, in a cafe or in a restaurant.

Rituals

Bath

The bathhouse has been known in Russia since the 10th century. In the village it is a separate log cabin next to the house. It consists of a dressing room and a steam room. There is a cameo oven in the steam room. When it is drowned, the stones become hot. In order for the bath to be filled with hot steam, the stones are poured over with hot water. In the bathhouse, they pat themselves with a birch or oak broom.

The role of the bath in the life of a Russian person, its functions: cleansing the body, strengthening physical health, treating a runny nose, colds, aches, relief excess weight, prevention, enjoyment, rest. (The bath “clears the brain, dries the tears”.)
The public function of the bath is acquaintance, the emergence of friendship, a place for negotiations and establishing trade relations

• bath day: Saturday
• to the one who came out of the bath they say: Enjoy your steam!

Family rites

Wedding

The traditional Russian wedding lasted for several days and was preceded by matchmaking and wedding. The wedding was like theatrical play(bride theft and ransom) with sad and funny moments. Most often, they arranged a wedding between Christmas and Lent to have fun, to survive the long winter; during this period there was less work.
In a modern wedding, everything depends on money. The groom must “make his way” to the bride, performing various tasks (for example, he must put the bride's name in bills).
There is also a custom to cover apples with paper money of the same color - the apple turns out to be green, red ... A big and rich wedding is a matter of honor.

Funeral

The funeral is traditionally held on the third day after the death of a person. Believers are buried in church. During the year, a memorial service is held, a ceremony in memory of a deceased relative, conducted by members of his family - on the 3rd, 9th and 40th days after death.
The commemoration ceremony includes home prayers, a visit to the temple and the grave of the deceased, and a dinner serving vodka, pancakes, kutya (sweet porridge made from millet or rice with raisins) and a funeral dish - white jelly.
Russians come to the graves of their relatives on Easter; at the same time, a glass of vodka is usually placed on the grave, covered with a slice of bread, or another treat is left.
Earlier, the mourning rite was widespread in Russia. Good professional mourners who weep at the grave were highly prized.
Condolences: Please accept my deepest condolences. We share your deep grief.

Housewarming

Moving to new apartment or new house – an important event for a family, has long been accompanied by rituals (in modern times, a feast is required).

Perhaps one of the characteristic features of Russia has always been strong women... It is not for nothing that they say that the women "They will stop the galloping horse, and they will enter the burning hut." In some situations, this strength of character and firmness of will is manifested especially strongly. One of such high-profile acts was the escort by the wives of their husbands-Decembrists to distant Siberia.

Poem "Russian women"

The poem "Russian Women" was created in 1872 by the great Russian poet Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov. Russian wives who followed their husbands to hard labor. The poet was inspired by these events, which he wrote at the end of his work that these are "captivating images" that people should remember.

ON. Nekrasov in his work was really able to perpetuate the feat of women, because his poem evokes strong emotions that are difficult to forget.

The fate of the Decembrists

On December 14, 1825, there were those who disagreed with the power of the king. They wanted to destroy the monarchy, but the uprising was not carried out according to plan, and the Decembrists were simply dispersed. Tsar Nicholas found out who had participated in the uprising and punished everyone. He sent the nobles to hard labor in Siberia, and this was an unprecedented punishment for the upper strata of society.

Incidentally, the first woman, so to speak, in this uprising was Princess Trubetskaya. The characterization of the heroine would be incomplete without mentioning her husband, who was the leader of the entire uprising.

Brief plot of the poem

The story begins with the departure of Princess Trubetskoy from her father's house. A sentimental scene of her farewell to her family is shown. Further, we see how the princess travels through half the country in the most difficult conditions, and this is interspersed with her vivid and happy memories, making a strong contrast. Perhaps the main point where the characteristics of Princess Trubetskoy are manifested in full force is her meeting with the governor, who by any means tries to stop the princess. But she nevertheless, in spite of everything, continues to follow her husband.

Later, on the way, another woman catches up with her - Princess Volkonskaya, whose husband also ended up in hard labor. The poem ends with her date with her husband, which Nekrasov described with amazing force.

Characteristics of Princess Trubetskoy

Nekrasov's poem turned out to be a wonderful bright and understandable characteristic... Princess Trubetskaya (Russian women are represented precisely in her person) calls the most important duty of a woman a sacred duty to her husband. She puts him even higher than the duty to her father.

The quotation description of Princess Trubetskoy can take several pages, so we will give a description only in general terms.

Princess Trubetskaya is ready to overcome any hardships and obstacles. The characterization of the heroine is manifested in a conversation with the governor. He frightens her with the deprivation of her title, the hardships of life in hard labor, even the death of her father, but nothing can stop her. The governor even told her that she would have to walk with the convicts all the way, and she agreed to that too. True, when he saw such determination, he did not interfere anymore and allocated transport. Princess Trubetskaya, not only in words, but also in deeds, proved that she was ready to go anywhere for her beloved husband.

Perhaps now this does not seem to be such a terrible punishment as it used to be. But if you imagine that a woman from the upper world, for whom the servants have always done everything, agrees to the life of a peasant, then the sensations are strong.

Characteristics of Russian women through Princess Trubetskoy

In order to better understand the work and the spirit of the times, at least one characterization of the hero is necessary. Princess Trubetskaya, her character in the poem, is ideal for drawing the image of not only one woman, but also for conveying the moods of all women in Russia.

Reading the poem, one can immediately say that the princess sincerely loves her husband. For the sake of love, she is ready to overcome any obstacles, and this is one of the main features of all Russian women. They do not need either high society or position in society if the husband is somewhere in hard labor. Princess Trubetskaya was not alone in her decision and her loyalty, nine more Russian women went after their husbands.

As they described the living conditions in their notes, it was very difficult. Basically, they could only look at the prison, but this also gave tremendous strength to their husbands.

Such dedication can really be considered a great feat of Russian women.

The real story of Princess Trubetskoy

The life and characteristics of Princess Trubetskoy are historical facts, and even more - they were recorded from the words of his son, I.S. Trubetskoy, using the memoirs of the wives of the Decembrists themselves. Trubetskaya was the first woman who followed her husband, challenging everything.Since she was the first, it was hardest for her, which is why in the poem it comes about Princess Trubetskoy. Yes, the princess really assumed incredible torment and hardships of a harsh life in Siberia, but her fate was not too bad. At first, she and her husband really lived in hard labor, and only 15 years later they were given permission to leave there. They settled in their house and engaged in agriculture.

Over time, the term of exile expired, and they moved to Irkutsk. Here the family was able to buy a house for themselves. The historical description of Princess Trubetskoy requires an indication that this woman not only once accomplished a feat, but all her life everyone in the city knew her, because in the princess's house they were always ready to feed and warm travelers, convicts and all the unfortunate. So Princess Trubetskaya earned respect and honor, therefore, accompanying her to last way in 1854 almost the whole city came.

Russia cannot be understood with a mind, cannot be measured with a common yardstick: it’s special to become - you can only believe in Russia. Fedor Tyutchev.

If the saint's host cries out:

"Throw you Rus, live in paradise!"

I will say: “There is no need for paradise,

Give me my homeland. "

Sergey Yesenin.

Who are these strange Russians, and what strange laws do they live by?

What is the peculiarity of the Russian character, and why does not even a similar mentality exist anywhere in the world?

Why is the behavior of a Russian person abroad so recognizable, and for what reason they either adore or hate us, but never remain simply indifferent?

All attempts to build a government in our state, living strictly according to the laws and consciously abiding by them, have failed with a deafening crash. Any imposed values ​​of the Western model are rejected by our people as a foreign body.

What is the reason? After all, these principles have been and have been flourishing for many years. Western Europe and America.

Together with that revolutionary ideas Lenin and, having no analogues anywhere in the world and not supported by any other countries, were received with a bang, and in just two decades they turned the state system upside down, creating a society that was fundamentally different in its mechanisms of existence.

What was it? Utopian idea that has taken root in an atypical thinking society?

You can't understand Russia with your mind,

A common yardstick cannot be measured:

She has a special become -

You can only believe in Russia.

Fedor Tyutchev.

Faith has always occupied a special place in the life of a Russian person, but at the same time we have always been tolerant towards people of other faiths. Many nationalities have always coexisted in Russia, and each had its own religion.

The Russian character has always been a mystery to any foreigner. Completely illogical actions - this strange tendency to reckless recklessness, ostentatious, inexplicable generosity, reaching wastefulness, love of luxurious expensive things, even for one day, even without a penny in your pocket, as if this is his last day, and then take and give everything to someone, but at least to the first comer - no, it is impossible to understand.

Terrible, brutal crime, total corruption and thieves' laws that are observed better than the criminal code - what are these, also features national character or a dead end in which a whole country has entered?

Can our people abroad become so “own” that they feel happy?

What is the reason for the Russian character - heredity, climate, social system or landscape conditions?

Read on for the exhaustive and most unexpected answers ...

National character. Hot blood of cold steppes

Russian character is psychological picture the whole people, the mentality of the state, and not even one of Russia. In part, it is present in every Russian person, these are the traits that unite us, make us similar, create the basis on which we understand each other a little better than people with a different mentality.

The formation of a national character took place over many centuries, the foundation for this was the special geopolitics of one of the great leaders of the past - Genghis Khan.

The unique combination of endless steppes and impenetrable forests created the preconditions for the emergence of the urethral-muscular mentality, which forms the basis of the Russian character.

The specific role of the representative of the urethral vector is the leader, the head of the tribe, his task is to preserve the living matter of the flock, to advance it into the future or to develop new lands.

Unpredictable strategic thinking, complete absence of fear and high endurance are the properties that ensure the implementation of his specific role.

Highest rank, first bite right, given by nature cannot be disputed or questioned. Anyone who encroaches on his primacy will instantly know what urethral lion's anger is. There can be only one leader in the pack, when the second appears, everything is decided by a deadly battle, the outcome of which is either the death of one of them, or exile. Defeated in best case leaves to look for his flock.

He himself does not obey anyone and does not recognize any restrictions, having an innate sense of mercy and justice. Merciless to strangers and the most tolerant of his own, he forgives everything except crimes against the pack, for which he punishes right there - cruelly and mercilessly.

The interests of the pack are of the highest value for him, personal interests are always deeply secondary. His pleasure is in bestowal, in the realization of his animal altruism. That is why the communist ideas of building an ideal society, where everyone works for the good of the country, receiving as much as necessary for life, turned out to be so close to the hearts of the Russian people.

The most generous and unselfish, he will give the last shirt to the one who needs it most. In this way, he satisfies his needs for bestowal, gets his pleasure. A fur coat from a master's shoulder, expensive gifts and fabulous tips - all this is a manifestation of urethral generosity, a kind of evidence of his highest rank, his status.

Hence the love of fame and luxury - a leader should have everything that is most expensive, luxurious and unique, but at the same time he is not at all going to keep, cherish or save all this. These are trifles, albeit royal, but in comparison with his goals and values, they are all trifles that he can give to anyone he meets whenever he wants.

Risk is a noble cause!

This expression is typical only for Russians. A leader cannot have fear. He is always the first to rush into the fray, the first to attack, conquers new unexplored horizons, performs actions that no one else is capable of. For this he was born, the whole flock follows him, he does not have and cannot have another way. Only for the flags, only forward, contrary to common sense, logic or experience. Restrictions, rules, laws are for others, he has a goal and nothing else matters. And this goal is to keep the flock, even at the cost of your own life, the goal is still more important.

Only a representative of the urethral vector is able to make the decision to ram or rush to the embrasure, as the Great Heroes did Patriotic War defending the Motherland, their people, even at the cost of their own lives.

Russian man is a simple man

The impenetrable taiga and other woodlands of Russia are the closest and closest place for representatives of the muscle vector: only they are guided unmistakably and feel quite comfortable among dense forests.

The properties of the muscle vector are basic for all living beings, so they simply dissolve in the desires of other vectors, strengthening them.

The perception of oneself, characteristic of the muscle vector, as only an inseparable part of the common collective “we” and a wary attitude towards strangers is strikingly mixed with urethral generosity, tolerance and hospitality, turning into the so-called xenophobia on the contrary. This was manifested by our inexplicable love for foreigners, for whom we always laid a magnificent table, organized holidays, gave gifts, gave the most beautiful girls as wives.

It is thanks to this property in our huge country the most diverse nationalities coexisted peacefully with their culture, traditions and religions.

A muscular person will never take more than he needs for life, he simply does not have such a need and such a desire, and in combination with urethral altruism, he would rather give his own than take excess. , it was the muscular people who were ready to work for the good of the Motherland almost free of charge all their lives.

We have always lived like this - at the call of the soul

There are obvious reasons why the sound idea of ​​Lenin and Trotsky, promoted by the urethral commissars and resonating in the inner world of every Russian person, in such a short time brought such significant results and radically changed the face of the country.

Close to the urethral mentality, such values ​​of the anal vector as honesty, decency, friendship, respect for elders, for the traditions of the past, have become widespread and generally accepted, especially in the anal phase of human development, which ended with the end of the Great Patriotic War.

With the transition to the not so long ago considered himself Soviet, the Russian man found himself in a contradictory situation.

On the one hand, the urethral mentality has been and remains, but at the same time new values modern society are sharply opposed to such a mentality.

The basis of all the properties of the skin vector are limitations that absolutely cannot be perceived in the urethral mentality. Any laws, rules, regulations that are mandatory mechanisms for the regulation of the skin society are rejected by the Russian character, which is based on an unlimited urethral mentality.

The cutaneous phase of human development, like any other, is inevitable for everyone, including Russians. It would be wrong to judge that it is good or bad. It continues, and Russia also lives in a world of consumption, high tech and the law. Somewhere clumsily, somewhere in our own way, but we are still learning to adapt the landscape in such strange conditions for us. This is development, movement forward, evolution of a kind, overcoming obstacles.

It is impossible to fence off the endless steppe, it is simply impossible. Making the leader obey is even more impossible. He would rather die in a mortal battle, but he would not bow his head, especially in front of some kind of leatherman, who by nature has a rank significantly lower than the leader. This behavior is contrary to the whole urethral nature. He wanted to spit on some kind of skin laws. The law is his word! It is set by nature, this is how he feels himself and simply cannot live differently.

His urethral laws are the most correct, since they are based on real mercy and justice without a shadow of personal gain, only for the good of the flock, for the same reason they completely contradict logical and rational skin values ​​and cannot be understood.

Representatives of the urethral vector, who did not receive sufficient development of properties before the end of puberty, and often on the contrary, beaten at home and driven into school frames, run away from home in search of their flock, which they find on the street, among the street children. Perceiving the world as hostile, as it was all childhood, they learn to defend themselves against it and defend their flock, living by their own laws and turning into a crime boss.

The laws of thieves, for all their cruelty, are fair, but they are fair for a primitive society, for an animal pack and are, in fact, a manifestation of the archetypal program of the urethral vector.

In which feelings of mercy, justice and responsibility for others are nurtured, the whole society is perceived by its flock and is able, like no one else, to bring socially useful benefits to it.

Representatives of the Western skin mentality, being next to the Russians, subconsciously feel their lower rank due to the urethral mentality we have. It manifests itself in any case, even if we are talking about a person with a skin vector, which, it would seem, has every chance to harmoniously fit into a developed consumer society. Westerners get a lot of stress from how Russians spend their money, because for him saving is a priority, rational logical thinking in everything that the urethral habits do not fit into. Many Western women are captivated by a passionate, generous Russian nature, but at the same time, inexplicable behavior and illogical life decisions are alarming, and men are humiliated by the position of a lower rank next to the leader, even if all these moments do not have a vivid manifestation in behavior.

Misunderstanding of the behavior of Russians abroad is due to the peculiarities of the national character, which simply cannot be understood in the skin society due to the considerable remoteness of innate properties. Only the awareness of one's own nature and the qualities of another person makes it possible to harmoniously communicate with a representative of any vector or mentality, since there are no good or bad vectors, everything depends on the level of development and the degree of realization of the properties of each particular person.

A society with a urethral mentality - it is from here that the next phase of human development will take its origin, which will be based on spiritual altruism. Read what awaits us in the next article.

Despite the fact that the Ukrainian and Russian peoples are considered closely related, their ethnopsychology is significantly different. The differences are especially pronounced among the female half of the population of these two countries. Ukrainian women and Russians differ from each other both in the type of beauty and in a whole set of psychological traits that define such a concept as "the face and character of a nation."

External differences

Differences in appearance are due to origin, as well as genetic mixing with the peoples living in the neighborhood. The beauty of a Russian woman gravitates more towards the northern, Finno-Baltic type. These are light hair (light blond, light brown, blond) and eyes (blue, gray, green), correct, but in relation to the type of southern beauties, smaller, refined features.

Ukrainian women, on the other hand, are more like southerners. Their facial features are larger and more expressive than those of the Russians. In the shades of the eyes, skin and hair, bright contrasts prevail: brown or burning black hair (there are almost no natural blondes), thick black eyebrows with light skin, black, brown or deep green eyes.

If the beauty of a Russian woman can be compared to a crystal-cold winter or a shy early spring, then the beauty of a Ukrainian woman is undoubtedly the height of August, the very sunshine. Each of these types is good in its own way. Regarding the answer to the question, which is better, here, as they say, who likes what.

National character

In the same way as the appearance, the characters of the Russian and Ukrainian women are also different. The first is more restrained, agreeable and patient. She forgives her man a lot and in some cases is really ready to "stop a galloping horse and enter a burning hut." In the character of a Russian woman, traces have been preserved for centuries. hammered in it the standards of Domostroi, so the habit of being in the family "on the sidelines" for many Russian women is quite natural.

Ukrainian women have a more rebellious, obstinate and freedom-loving character, which is due to the strong influence of the cult of the Mother Goddess. It was distributed in the territories that are now occupied by modern Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Ukraine. A Ukrainian woman is less inclined to forgive a man for his imperfections and is always ready to defend her rights in a heated dispute.

Intra-family relations of a typical Ukrainian family, for example, at the end of the 19th century, are splendidly described in the story "The Kaydasheva Family" by Ivan Nechuy-Levytsky. The writer perfectly captured both the relationship between relatives and the role of women in them. Ukrainian women rarely allow themselves to be driven into the position of a victim; they often scandal and defend themselves more actively.

Divorce statistics

These differences in national characters are confirmed by the statistics of divorce. In Russia, in 2012, there were 644,101 divorces for 1,213,598 marriage unions, which is 53% of the total number of marriages. In Ukraine, during the same period, 278,356 marriages were concluded, of which 169,797 broke up, and this is already 61%. Even with a constant increase in the number of divorces in both countries, the number of divorces in Ukraine is 8% higher.

For comparison, the same indicators in other countries: Canada - 48%, USA - 46%, UK - 42%, France - 38%, Japan - less than 27%. Such high level divorce in Russia and Ukraine is primarily due to the material problems and drunkenness of the husband, which Russian women are willing to put up with to a greater extent than Ukrainian women.

In the third and fourth places are sexual incompatibility and betrayal of spouses. While Russians usually blame the husband for treason (75% of those who cheated are men), among Ukrainians the share of the culprits was divided approximately equally between the spouses (58% of traitors - 42% of traitors).

This is confirmed by the "hotter" temperament of Ukrainian women, and their more free, "matriarchal" views. For a Russian woman who is much more ready for sacrifice, the preservation of the family is in the first place. She often pushes her personal happiness into the background.