Oblomov and Stolz: comparative characteristics. Oblomov and Stolz. Comparative characteristics

Oblomov Ilya Ilyich - main character novel "Oblomov". Landowner, nobleman living in St. Petersburg. Leads a lazy lifestyle. He doesn’t do anything, he just dreams and “decays” lying on the sofa. A bright representative of Oblomovism.

Stolts Andrei Ivanovich is Oblomov’s childhood friend. Half German, practical and active. Antipode of I. I. Oblomov.

Let's compare the heroes according to the following criteria:

Memories of childhood (including memories of parents).

I. I. Oblomov. From the early childhood They did everything for him: “The nanny is waiting for him to wake up. She puts on his stockings; he doesn’t give in, plays pranks, dangles his legs; the nanny catches him.” “.. She washes him, combs his head and takes him to his mother. Since childhood, he also bathed in parental affection and care: “The mother showered him with passionate kisses...” The nanny was everywhere, for days on end, like a shadow, following him, constant care did not end for a second: “... all the days and nights of the nanny were filled with turmoil, running around: sometimes trying, sometimes living joy for the child, sometimes fearing that he will fall and hurt his nose...”

Stolz. His childhood is spent in useful, but tedious study: “From the age of eight, he sat with his father for geographical map... and with my mother I read sacred history, taught Krylov’s fables ..." The mother was constantly worried about her son: "... she would keep him near her." But his father was completely indifferent and cold-blooded towards his son, often “putting his hand”: “... and pushed him from behind with his foot so that he knocked him off his feet.”

Attitude to study and work.

Oblomov. He went to school without much interest or desire, had difficulty sitting through his lessons, and for Oblomov it was impossible to master any book great success and joy. “Why all these notebooks... paper, time and ink? For what educational books? ... When should we live?” Instantly I became cold towards this or that type of activity, be it study, books, hobbies. The same attitude was towards work: “... you study, you read that a time of disaster has come, a person is unhappy; Now you gather your strength, you work, you fight, you endure and work terribly, everything is preparing for clear days.”

Stolz. He studied and worked since childhood - the main concern and task of his father. Stolz was fascinated by teaching and books throughout his life. Labor is the essence of human existence. “He served, retired, went about his business and actually made a house and money.”

Attitude to mental activity.

Oblomov. Despite the lack of love for study and work, Oblomov was far from a stupid person. Some thoughts and pictures were constantly spinning in his mind, he was constantly making plans, but for completely incomprehensible reasons, all this was put aside in the debt box. “As soon as he gets out of bed in the morning, after tea, he will immediately lie down on the sofa, rest his head on his hand and think, sparing no effort, until his head is finally tired...”

Stolz. Realist to the core. Skeptic in life and in thought. “He was afraid of every dream, or if he entered its area, he entered as one enters a grotto with an inscription..., knowing the hour or minute when you will leave there.”

Choosing life goals and ways to achieve them. (Including lifestyle.)

Oblomov. Life is monotonous, devoid of colors, every day is similar to the previous one. His problems and concerns are breathtakingly funny and absurd, and he solves them even funnier by turning from side to side. The author does his best to justify Oblomov, saying that he has many ideas and goals in his head, but none of them materialize.

Stolz. Skepticism and realism are evident in everything. “He walked firmly, cheerfully; I lived on a budget, trying to spend every day, like every ruble.” “But he himself still walked stubbornly along his chosen path.”

Literature – 10th grade.

Lesson topic: “Oblomov and Stolz. Comparative characteristics"

(based on the novel “Oblomov” by I.A. Goncharov)

Lesson objectives: identify features author's position through a comparison of heroes (Oblomov and Stolz); develop characterization skills literary characters, research skills, logical thinking; to educate thoughtful readers and enrich students’ speech.

Lesson equipment: portrait of I.A. Goncharov, text of I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”, (presentation); notebooks for works on literature, illustrations.

Students should know:

Contents of I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”;

The main idea of ​​the work;

Main images.

Students should be able to:

Correctly answer questions posed by the teacher;

Summarize and systematize educational material;

Improve your skills in working with text;

Draw conclusions and connect them into a monologue.

During the classes.

IOrg moment.

IIImplementation of d.z. (I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”, The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value guidelines (Part 2,

chapters 1 – 4. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov)

IIIState the topic and purpose of the lesson.

IVPreparation for the perception of the work. Work according to the lesson plan.

1.introduction.

Good afternoon guys! Studying the novel by I.A. Goncharov makes us talk about the meaning of life, about the purpose of man... Pay attention to the topic of the lesson (write down the topic in notebooks).

Work plan:

1. The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value guidelines (part 2, chapters 1 – 4)

2.Build and write down a chain of keywords that reveal the character of Stolz and Oblomov (checking homework)

3. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:

You need to compare these heroes, find out how they are similar and how they differ from each other.

Today we will consider one of the problematic issues of the work:

- Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolts... who are they - doubles or antipodes?

Let's define lexical meaning words antipode and double

2. Vocabulary work.

Antipode - (Greek antipodes - feet facing feet). 1. plural only Inhabitants of two opposite points of the earth, two opposite ends of one of the diameters globe(geographical). 2. to someone or something. A person of opposite properties, tastes or beliefs (book). He is the perfect antipode of him or he is the perfect antipode of him.

Double - a person who has complete similarities with another (both a man and a woman).

What is your perception of Oblomov and Stolz?

Teacher: Our acquaintance with Oblomov already took place in previous lessons. We found out that our hero is slow, lazy, and unfocused. Let's give it a more detailed description. (students' answers)

(We learn about Stolz in the first part of the novel, before he appears before the readers, that is, in absentia:

In connection with Oblomov’s guests, whom Ilya Ilyich “didn’t like,” unlike his childhood friend, Andrei Ivanovich Stolts, whom he “loved sincerely”;

In connection with the dreams of the main character, where Stolz, who knew and appreciated best qualities Ilya Ilyich, was integral part paintings happy life in an estate full of love, poetry, friendly feelings and peace;

Stolz also appears in “Oblomov’s Dream”, fits into the idyllic, sweet and at the same time mysterious atmosphere of childhood that shaped the hero.

Teacher: The unexpected appearance of the hero in the finale of the first part and chapters 1 - 2 of the second part tell about Stolz.

3. Stills from the film “A few days in the life of I.I. Oblomov”

(meeting between Oblomov and Stolz).

We see that these two people are true friends. But these heroes are different, dissimilar. Together with the author, we will use a method of characterizing a hero known in literature - comparative characterization. In front of you is a worksheet that contains the criteria for education, the purpose of life, the content of activities, attitude towards women, their family life And life position. In the conclusion column, we will make notes ourselves when we consider all these criteria, comparing the main characters.

4. Let's consider all the features of the heroes.

(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz).

Comparative characteristics

Oblomov

Stolz

Appearance

Origin

Upbringing

Education

Embedded program

Outlook on life

The purpose of life

Friendship

Perception of life

Test of love

a) Appearance: ( when they appeared before the reader)

- What does I.A. Goncharov draw our attention to when describing the appearance of the heroes?

“... about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glowed throughout his whole face,” the same age as Oblomov, “thin, with almost no cheeks at all.” no,...the complexion is even, dark and no blush; the eyes, although a little greenish, are expressive"

b)Origin:

…

…a native of the philistine class (his father left Germany, traveled around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of an estate). Sh. graduates brilliantly from the university, successfully serves, retires to study own business; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that ships goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, and throughout Russia. Sh.'s image is built on the basis of the idea of ​​balance, harmonious correspondence between the physical and spiritual, mind and feeling, suffering and pleasure. The ideal of Sh. is measure and harmony in work, life, rest, love.(or... from a poor family: the father (Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, the mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman. Half Russian, not a nobleman.

c) Education.

- What kind of education did I. Oblomov and A. Stolz receive? Tell us about it.

His parents wanted to present Ilyusha with all the benefits “somehow cheaper, with various tricks.” His parents taught him to be idle and quiet (they didn’t let him pick up a dropped item, get dressed, or pour water for himself). the stigma of slavery. the family had a cult of food, and after eating there was a sound sleep.

Oblomov was not even allowed out into the street. “What about servants?” Soon Ilya himself realized that it was calmer and more convenient to give orders. The dexterous, active child is constantly stopped by his parents and nanny for fear that the boy will “fall, hurt himself” or catch a cold; he was cherished like a hothouse flower. “Those seeking manifestations of power turned inward and sank, withering away.” (Oblomov)

His father gave him the education he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early, and sent away his son, who had graduated from university. his father taught him that the main thing in life is money, rigor and accuracy... (Stolz)

Name the episodes, scenes that clearly illustrate how Stolz’s childhood went, how the process of his upbringing went.

Reading the episode (Stolz's farewell to his father) by role.

What impression does this scene make on you?

How can you comment on this?

What did his father teach him? How did A. Stolz feel?

Goncharov creates Stolz, involuntarily starting from Oblomov, as the antipode to the main character; with Stolz everything is different.

His upbringing is laborious, practical, he was raised by life itself (cf.: “If Oblomov’s son had disappeared...”).

A special discussion is required: the mother’s attitude; mother and father; Oblomovka, the prince's castle, as a result of which “the bursha did not work out,” which replaced the “narrow German track” with a “wide road.”

Stolz - Stolz (“proud”). Does he live up to his name?

Worksheet (at the bottom of the column: “Education”, indicate the antipode).

d).Education:

…They studied in a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhleve. Both graduated from university in Moscow.

From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, learned Krylov’s fables and sorted through the warehouses of Telemachus.”

Based on upbringing and education, a certain program was laid down.

What is it like for Oblomov and Stolz?

e) Established program.

Oblomov

Dream. Vegetation and sleep - the passive principle found solace in his favorite “conciliatory and soothing” words “maybe”, “maybe” and “somehow” and protected himself with them from misfortunes. He was ready to shift the matter to anyone, without caring about its outcome or the integrity of the chosen person (this is how he trusted the scammers who robbed his estate).

“For Ilya Ilych, lying down was neither a necessity, like that of a sick person or like a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like that of someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like that of a lazy person: it was his normal state.”

What was Stolz most afraid of?

Substantiating their answers with text, students say that dreams, imagination (“ optical illusion”, as Stolz said) were his enemies. He controlled his life and had a “real outlook on life” (cf. Oblomov).

Stolz

Stolz was afraid to dream, his happiness was in constancy, energy and vigorous activity - an active beginning

“He is constantly on the move: if society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England, they send him; need to write some project or adapt new idea to the point - they choose him. Meanwhile, he goes out into the world and reads: when he has time, God knows.”

- What does life mean and what is the purpose of a person, according to Stolz?

Students: “To live through the four seasons, that is, four ages, without leaps and to carry the vessel of life to the last day, without spilling a single drop in vain...” (compare with Oblomov, whose ideal is...in peace and pleasure ; see about Oblomov’s dreams in Chapter 8 of the first part).

Teacher: Chapters 3–4 of the second part. The role of these chapters in the novel. A conversation is an argument where the views and positions of the heroes collide.

The essence of the dispute - HOW TO LIVE?!

- How does a dispute arise?(Oblomov’s dissatisfaction with the empty life of society.)

This is not life!

- When does a turning point in a dispute occur?(Labor path: Stolz’s disagreement with his friend’s ideal, because this is “Oblomovism”; the ideal of the lost paradise depicted by Oblomov, and labor as “the image, content, element and purpose of life.”)

(Physical education minute)

Introductory speech about the meaning of life.

Stills from the film “A few days in the life of I.I. Oblomov” ( second monologue. Confession of Oblomov, p. 166. “Do you know, Andrey...”)

In what setting does the conversation take place?

What is I. Oblomov talking about?

How did each of the heroes emerge in the dispute?

e) Outlook on life

Oblomov

“Life: life is good!” says Oblomov, “What to look for there? interests of the mind, heart? Look where the center is around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!... Don’t they sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with threes and jacks?

Stolz.

g) Purpose of life

Live life happily; so that she “doesn’t touch.” (Oblomov)

“Work is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.” (Stolz)

g) Perception of life

Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desire, even if his mind is against it; never bother. (Oblomov)

Stolz wants to have “a simple, that is, direct, real view of life - that was his constant task...”, “Above all he put persistence in achieving goals...”, “... will measure an abyss or a wall, and if there is no sure way to overcome, he will go away.”

- Which of the heroes and at what stage of the dispute are you ready to agree?

- Is there one answer to this question?

(During the argument, the guys come to the conclusion that both principles have a right to exist.)

Teacher: In conversations (arguments) often the last word the author gives Stoltz, but one gets the feeling that he cannot argue with Oblomov. Why? He can’t even when he has the last word. Internally, we feel and understand that Stolz cannot break Oblomov’s resistance (remember the episode of the night dinner, when Stolz gives up and sits down with Oblomov and Zakhar, there are stills from the film.).

Whose philosophy is positive and constructive?

Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:

Oblomov

Stolz

Peace (apathy)

“...he is constantly on the move...”

Sleep (inactivity)

“balance of practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit”

A dream is a “shell, self-deception”

“he was afraid of every dream, ... he wanted to see the ideal of human existence and aspirations in a strict understanding and direction of life”

Fear of circumstances

“attributed the cause of all sufferingto yourself"

The aimlessness of existence

“I put persistence in achieving goals above all else” (Stolz)

Labor is punishment

“Work is the image, element, content, purpose of life” (Stolz)

Conclude that , at what levels, in what details is revealed

- Is Stolz too positive in his views?

Or maybe Oblomov is right: people who seek meaning in secular life are dead, such a life is a useless vanity. What's worse about him lying on the sofa?!

Is Oblomov’s poetic perception of life the sophistication of the hero’s soul, a “subtle poetic nature” or a way to hide from reality?

Strength and weakness of the characters of Oblomov and Stolz: hero and circumstances, false and positive meaning of existence?

Result:

- Whose position do you consider acceptable for yourself?

(Give your reasons. What values ​​(which of the heroes) will you take into your life baggage?)

- How did our heroes turn out in love? Did you pass the test of love or not?

Student answers:

Oblomov and Stolz

Oblomov gave up love. He chose peace. “Life is poetry. People are free to distort it.” He was scared, he needed not equal love, but maternal love (the kind that Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him).

Stolz loved not with his heart, but with his mind “he developed for himself the conviction that love, with the power of Archimedes’ lever, moves the world; that there is so much universal, irrefutable truth and goodness in it, as well as lies and ugliness in its misunderstanding and abuse.” He needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya). I’m glad that I met her abroad, I’m glad that she listens to him and doesn’t even notice that sometimes she doesn’t understand Olga’s sadness.

- How do we see our heroes in friendship and relationships with others?

(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz)

h) Friendship

- Based on all that has been said, we will give a description of Oblomov and Stolz.

Characteristics of heroes:

Oblomov and Stolz

1. Oblomov. The kind, lazy person is most concerned about his own peace. For him, happiness is complete peace and good food. He spends his life on the sofa, without taking off his comfortable robe, does nothing, is not interested in anything, loves to withdraw into himself and live in the world of dreams and daydreams he created, the amazing childlike purity of his soul and introspection, the embodiment of gentleness and meekness worthy of a philosopher.

2. Stolz . Strong and intelligent, he is in constant activity and does not disdain the most menial work, thanks to his hard work, willpower, patience and enterprise, he became rich and famous person. A real “iron” character has been formed, but in some ways he resembles a machine, a robot, his whole life is so clearly programmed, verified and calculated before us - a dry rationalist.

Answer to problematic issue: Oblomov and Stolz – doubles or antipodes? (student's words).

V Summarizing.

Yes, Goncharov wanted to contrast the inactive Oblomov with the practical and businesslike Stolz, who, in his opinion, was supposed to break the “Oblomovism” and revive the hero. But the novel has a different ending. It is at the end of the work that the author’s attitude towards the hero is revealed.

- Let's remember what the heroes of the novel come to?

Oblomov dies, leaving his son.

Pshenitsyna is ready to do everything for Oblomov’s sake and even gives her son to be raised by her brother, considering this a benefit for her son.

Olga feels very bad (missing Oblomov), there is no love, and without it life is meaningless.

Andrei Stolts is also devastated, he feels bad without a friend, Oblomov was a “heart of gold” for him.

So, all the heroes ended up with the same “Oblomovism”!

Teacher: Guys! Prepare yourself now for further adulthood independent life. Take into your life baggage from Stolz energy, intelligence, determination, strength of character, prudence, will, but do not forget about the soul, taking kindness, honesty, tenderness, and romance from Ilya Oblomov. And remember the words of N.V. Gogol “Take it with you on the journey, coming out of the soft teenage years into stern, embittering courage, take away all human movements, do not leave them on the road, you will not pick them up later!”

VI . Homework :

Roman by I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”:

Individual tasks:

1.. The story about O. Ilyinskaya (chapter 5)

2. Development of relations between Oblomov and Olga (chap. 6-12)

3. Image of Pshenitsyna (part 3), new apartment on the Vyborg side near Pshenitsyna.

Ratings

Oblomov and Stolz).

Comparative characteristics

Oblomov

Stolz

Appearance

“... about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glowed throughout his face.”

the same age as Oblomov, “thin, he has almost no cheeks at all,... his complexion is even, dark and no blush; the eyes, although a little greenish, are expressive"

Origin

from rich noble family With patriarchal traditions. his parents, like grandfathers, did nothing: serfs worked for them. A truly Russian man, a nobleman.

…from a poor family: his father (a Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, his mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman

Upbringing

his parents taught him to be idle and quiet (they did not allow him to pick up a dropped item, get dressed, or pour water for himself); labor in the quarry was a punishment; it was believed that it bore the mark of slavery. the family had a cult of food, and after eating there was a sound sleep.

his father gave him the education he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early and sent away his son, who had graduated from the university. his father taught him that the main things in life are money, rigor and accuracy.

Education

…They studied in a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhleve. Both graduated from university in Moscow

Embedded program

… Vegetation and sleep are a passive beginning

From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of the peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, learned Krylov’s fables and sorted through the warehouses of Telemacus.

… energy and vigorous activity are an active principle.

Outlook on life

“Life: life is good!” says Oblomov, “What to look for there? interests of the mind, heart? Look where the center is around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!... Don’t they sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with threes and jacks?

Stolz experiences life and asks her: “What should I do? Where to go next? "And it goes! Without Oblomov...

The purpose of life

Live life happily; so that she “doesn’t touch.”

“Work is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.”

Friendship

There are acquaintances, but there is not a single real friend except Stolz.

Stolz always had many friends everywhere - people were drawn to him. But he felt closeness only to personal people, sincere and decent.

Perception of life

Fluctuating - from “a pleasant gift for enjoyment” to “sticks like bullies: it will pinch you on the sly, then suddenly it will come right from the forehead and sprinkle you with sand... there is no urine!”

Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desire, even if his mind is against it; never bother.

Life is happiness in work; life without work is not life; “…“life touches!” "And thank God!" - said Stolz.

Stolz wants to have a “simple, that is, direct, real view of life - that was his constant task...”, “Above all he put persistence in achieving goals...”, “... will measure an abyss or a wall, and if there is no sure way to overcome, he will go away.”

Test of love

he needs not equal love, but maternal love (the kind that Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him)

he needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya)

Comparative characteristics

Oblomov

Stolz

Appearance

Origin

Upbringing

Education

Embedded program

Outlook on life

The purpose of life

Friendship

Perception of life

Test of love

Oblomov Ilya Ilyich is the main character of the novel “Oblomov”. Landowner, nobleman living in St. Petersburg. Leads a lazy lifestyle. He doesn’t do anything, he just dreams and “decays” lying on the sofa. A bright representative of Oblomovism.

Stolts Andrei Ivanovich is Oblomov’s childhood friend. Half German, practical and active. Antipode of I. I. Oblomov.

Let's compare the heroes according to the following criteria:

Memories of childhood (including memories of parents).

I. I. Oblomov. From early childhood, everything was done for him: “The nanny is waiting for him to wake up. She puts on his stockings; he doesn’t give in, plays pranks, dangles his legs; the nanny catches him.” “.. She washes him, combs his head and takes him to his mother. Since childhood, he also bathed in parental affection and care: “The mother showered him with passionate kisses...” The nanny was everywhere, for days on end, like a shadow, following him, constant care did not end for a second: “... all the days and nights of the nanny were filled with turmoil, running around: sometimes trying, sometimes living joy for the child, sometimes fearing that he will fall and hurt his nose...”

Stolz. His childhood is spent in useful, but tedious study: “From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map... and with his mother he read sacred history, taught Krylov’s fables...” The mother was constantly worried about her son: “... she would keep him near her.” But his father was completely indifferent and cold-blooded towards his son, often “putting his hand”: “... and pushed him from behind with his foot so that he knocked him off his feet.”

Attitude to study and work.

Oblomov. He went to school without much interest or desire, had difficulty sitting through his lessons, and mastering any book was a great success and joy for Oblomov. “Why all these notebooks... paper, time and ink? Why educational books? ... When should we live?” Instantly I became cold towards this or that type of activity, be it study, books, hobbies. The same attitude was towards work: “... you study, you read that a time of disaster has come, a person is unhappy; Now you gather your strength, you work, you fight, you endure and work terribly, everything is preparing for clear days.”

Stolz. He studied and worked since childhood - the main concern and task of his father. Stolz was fascinated by teaching and books throughout his life. Labor is the essence of human existence. “He served, retired, went about his business and actually made a house and money.”

Attitude to mental activity.

Oblomov. Despite the lack of love for study and work, Oblomov was far from a stupid person. Some thoughts and pictures were constantly spinning in his mind, he was constantly making plans, but for completely incomprehensible reasons, all this was put aside in the debt box. “As soon as he gets out of bed in the morning, after tea, he will immediately lie down on the sofa, rest his head on his hand and think, sparing no effort, until his head is finally tired...”

Stolz. Realist to the core. Skeptic in life and in thought. “He was afraid of every dream, or if he entered its area, he entered as one enters a grotto with an inscription..., knowing the hour or minute when you will leave there.”

Choosing life goals and ways to achieve them. (Including lifestyle.)

Oblomov. Life is monotonous, devoid of colors, every day is similar to the previous one. His problems and concerns are breathtakingly funny and absurd, and he solves them even funnier by turning from side to side. The author does his best to justify Oblomov, saying that he has many ideas and goals in his head, but none of them materialize.

Stolz. Skepticism and realism are evident in everything. “He walked firmly, cheerfully; I lived on a budget, trying to spend every day, like every ruble.” “But he himself still walked stubbornly along his chosen path.”

Love in Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” (relationships between Oblomov and Olga, Oblomov and Pshenitsyna, Stolz and Olga).

In the novel “Oblomov” by I. A. Goncharov, three love stories are shown: Oblomov and Olga, Oblomov and Agafya Matveevna, Olga and Stolz. They all have different attitudes towards love, they have different goals in life, different views on life itself, but they have something in common - the ability to love. They search for their love for a long time and only after finding it do they find true happiness.

Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a typical Russian gentleman. He grew up “babybak” and therefore he doesn’t know how and doesn’t want to do anything, he just lies on the couch all day long, eats, sleeps and makes grandiose plans for the future. Even Stolz, his very close friend, cannot bring him out of a state of complete inactivity. But the situation changes dramatically after Oblomov meets Olga Ilyinskaya. She was considered an unusual girl, there was “no affectation, no lies, no coquetry” in her. It was for this sincerity, purity, directness that he fell in love with Olga. The heroine first tries to awaken him to life, and then falls in love with him for his kindness, gentleness, and romance.

In the summer, Oblomov follows Olga to the dacha, where their love blossoms in full force. But already here he understands that he and Olga different people that she loves not him, but only the future Oblomov.

Returning to St. Petersburg, they continue to meet, although Oblomov again leads a sedentary lifestyle. He begins to imagine how many things need to be done before the wedding - to settle matters in Oblomovka, to select new apartment, prepare everything for the wedding, visit old friends and invite them to visit. The hero is afraid of these troubles and therefore begins to move away from Olga, making excuses either by illness or by the poor condition of the roads. She begins to realize that Ilya Ilyich is far from the person she painted in her imagination, and that she cannot make the real Oblomov ideal. Therefore, Olga breaks up with Oblomov.

Their breakup should have been a relief for Oblomov, but it brings him heartache. He loved sincerely, the end of the relationship killed the remnants of the energetic, active Oblomov.

The hero again plunges into the pool of idleness and daydreaming. His landlady, Agafya Matveevna Pshenitsyna, takes all care of him. She herself doesn’t know why she loves Ilya Ilyich. Perhaps he differs sharply from those around her, from servile officials like her late husband; perhaps she discerned his gentleness, sensitivity, kindness. She sacrifices a lot for him, sells her things so that he will always feel good. The hero likes her constant movement, her unobtrusive care for him, her willingness to give everything for her loved one. Oblomov begins to get used to her. He marries Agafya Matveevna, and their son Andrei is born.

Until Ilya Ilyich’s death, she takes care of him, takes him for walks, grooms and cherishes him. After his death, she is the only one who does not forget him and takes care of his grave. She gives their son Andrei to Stolz and Olga, so that the son is raised in the same environment as his father, so that he becomes a real nobleman.

Oblomov found in the widow Pshenitsyna the woman from his dreams, who lived only for the sake of her husband and children. She brightened it up last days, helped him live through them calmly, without needing anything.

After breaking up with Oblomov, Olga cannot come to her senses for a long time. Together with her aunt, she goes on a trip to Europe, where she meets Stolz. Andrey was very surprised to see instead cheerful girl, which Olga was before leaving, a serious young woman. He understands that the “new” Olga is the ideal to which he aspired. Stolz confesses his love to her. Olga is afraid of the feeling that is emerging in her for Stolz; she believes that you can love only once and that now she cannot truly love anyone. Stolz explains to her that she did not love Oblomov, it was only a preparation for love, and Olga will still be happy.

Living together Stolz and Olga are similar to the dreams of Ilya Ilyich: their own house in Crimea, children, every evening they read books, newspapers, discuss new inventions and discoveries, argue on different topics. But Olga feels some kind of dissatisfaction, some unconscious desire forward. These aspirations help her look at life “with more love.”

In his novel, Goncharov showed different faces of love: sacrificial love Agafya Matveevna, Olga’s idealized love for Oblomov, the union of two loving people- Olga and Stolz. Each of them is beautiful in its own way, each of them is possible only for certain type of people. Olga, Stolz, Oblomov, Pshenitsyn’s widow are completely different people, but they have the same goal - to be with their loved one, to have a family. Love is a great feeling, for it there are no class barriers (Oblomov and Agafya Matveevna). If you really love, you will do anything for your loved one.

So, the main character of the novel is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. But the author pays no little attention to to the best friend Oblomov - Stoltz. Both heroes live at the same time, and it would seem that they should be similar, but is this so? Oblomov appears to us as a man “... about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glowed throughout his face.”

Stolz is the same age as Oblomov, “he is thin, he has almost no cheeks at all, ... his complexion is even, dark and there is no blush; his eyes, although a little greenish, are expressive.” Oblomov's parents were Russian nobles who owned several hundred serfs. Stolz's father was half German, his mother was a Russian noblewoman.

Faith, Andrei Ivanovich, professed Orthodox, spoke Russian. Oblomov and Stolz have known each other since childhood; they studied in a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhleve.

Stolz's father was the manager there. “Maybe Ilyusha would have had time to learn something well from him if Oblomovka had been about five hundred miles from Verkhlevo... The charm of Oblomov’s atmosphere, way of life and habits extended to Verkhlevo;...

There, except for Stolz's house, everything breathed the same primitive laziness, simplicity of morals, silence and stillness." But Ivan Bogdanovich raised his son strictly: "From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map, sorted out Herder, Wieland, and biblical verses. and summed up the illiterate accounts of the peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, learned Krylov’s fables and sorted through Telemacus’s warehouses." As for physical education, then Oblomov was not even allowed out into the street, and Stolz “took up from the pointer and ran to destroy birds’ nests with the boys,” sometimes disappearing from home for a day. From childhood, Oblomov was surrounded by the tender care of his parents and nanny, and Stolz was brought up in an atmosphere of constant mental and physical labor. But both Oblomov and Stoltz are already over thirty, what are they like now?

Ilya Ilyich turned into a lazy gentleman, whose life is spent lying on the sofa: “Ilya Ilyich’s lying down was neither a necessity, like that of a sick person or like a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like that of someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like a lazy person: this was his normal state." Stolz cannot imagine life without movement: “He is constantly on the move: if society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England, they send him; if they need to write some project or adapt a new idea to business, they choose him. Meanwhile, he goes to the world and reads: when he has time - God knows." Comparing Oblomov and Stolz, we see that they are very different, but what unites them?

Yes, undoubtedly, friendship, but what else? It seems to me that they are united by an eternal and uninterrupted sleep. Oblomov sleeps on his sofa, and Stolz sleeps in his stormy and rich life. “Life: life is good!” says Oblomov, “What to look for there?

Interests of the mind, heart? Look where the center is around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!... Don’t they sleep sitting all their lives?

Why am I more to blame than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with threes and jacks?" I completely agree with Oblomov and believe that people who live without a specific, lofty goal simply sleep in pursuit of satisfying their desires. But who? more needed by Russia, Oblomov or Stolz?

Of course, such progressive people as Stolz are simply necessary, especially at the beginning of the third millennium. But the Oblomovs will never die, there is a piece of Oblomov in each of us, we are all a little Oblomov in our souls.

It seems to me that the problem of the “sleeping man”, raised in the nineteenth century by Goncharov, is still relevant today. Lenin’s words are well known that even after three revolutions “the old Oblomov remained and he had to be washed, cleaned, scuffed and torn for a long time in order for any sense to come out.”

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Lesson 72
OBLOMOV AND STOLTZ.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS

Goals : drawing up a plan for comparative characteristics of Oblomov and Stolz; conversation according to a drawn up plan using quotes from the novel, statements by critics N. A. Dobrolyubov, A. V. Druzhinin, D. I. Pisarev.

During the classes

Drawing up a plan for the topic. b conversation with students.

Oblomov and Stolz

I. Modern society, presented in the novel “Oblomov” by I. A. Goncharov.

II. Oblomov and Stolz are peers, comrades, educated, thinking and feeling people.

III. Contrasting heroes.

1. Character traits:

1) Oblomov is a meek, dreamy, trusting, gentle (“dove” soul), noble, kind, sincere: “it is impossible to know Oblomov and not love him deeply... Oblomov is dear to all of us and is worthy of boundless love...” (A.V. Druzhinin); Stolz is distinguished by energy, strong will, mobility;

2) Oblomov is devoid of complacency and ambition, in him the heart prevails over the mind; Stolz is a rational, calculating nature;

3) Oblomov’s abstract mind, developed imagination, tendency to philosophical thoughts about the high purpose of man; Stolz's sober, practical mind;

4) Oblomov’s lack of interest in science, skeptical attitude towards life business people; Andrey Stolts' desire for constant expansion of knowledge and business connections.

2. Lifestyle, ideals:

1) idleness, passivity of Oblomov; activity, ebullient commercial activity Stolz;

2) the cult of peace, absolute idleness (Oblomov); cult of labor (Stolz).

3. Circumstances that influenced the formation of the characters’ characters:

1) the serf-dominated environment that nurtured Oblomov’s laziness, shaped his psychology and “the vile habit of receiving satisfaction of his desires not from his own efforts, but from others...” (N. Dobrolyubov); active atmosphere in the Stolz family;

2) Oblomov was brought up tenderly... he “never endured cold or hunger, he never knew need...”, Stolz was brought up in constant activity;

3) Oblomov’s lack of connection with outside world; Stolz's connections with business people.

4. The failure of the heroes in their relationship with Olga Ilyinskaya: Oblomov knows happiness real life and the insignificance of the past thanks to feelings for Olga and Olga herself, however, Oblomov’s inertia and apathy turned out to be stronger than love; vicious circle the interests of the prosaically tireless, active Stolz are unacceptable for the demanding, searching, selfless Olga, striving to move forward.

5. Methods of artistic typification of images:

1) appearance: laziness, slowness of movements, absence of “any definite idea, any concentration in Oblomov’s facial features; muscularity, bony figure of Stolz;

2) dialogues and disputes are the main way of revealing the characters’ characters and their views;

3) internal monologues;

4) the originality of the characters’ language: features of vocabulary, manner of speaking;

5) characteristics of the compared heroes by other characters;

6) retrospection (retreat into the heroes’ past);

7) household item;

8) the role of landscape in revealing characters;

9) contrast is the main ideological and compositional technique that allows you to better understand the thoughts, feelings, and actions of the characters;

10) completeness, thoroughness, brightness, plasticity of the depiction of Oblomov, depicted in typical patriarchal-serf conditions; schematism, pallor, emotional facelessness of Stolz, not shown in his typical circumstances;

11) a confidential tone of the narrative, combining gentle humor (and sometimes irony) and lyricism.

IV. Ideological and moral meaning of images.

1. Inability to work, inability to adapt to Oblomov’s life (“It started with the inability to put on stockings, and ended with the inability to live”), lack of a high goal; enterprise, vigorous activity of Stolz, for whom the content, the purpose of life is work (as a means of one’s own enrichment, personal well-being).

2. The author’s position: a good-natured attitude towards Oblomov, towards the life depicted - while denying its foundations (Oblomov is the product and consequence of “Oblomovism”, a historically outgoing type of bearer of noble culture); dispassionate attitude towards Stolz: a businessman of a new formation, a representative of the people new era, however, Stolz’s practicality and the limitations of his interests are far from moral ideals.

V. Evaluation of heroes by Russian critics (N. A. Dobrolyubov. “What is Oblomovism?”; A. V. Druzhinin. “Oblomov,” a novel by I. A. Goncharov; D. I. Pisarev. “Oblomov.” Roman I. A. Goncharova").

Homework.

1. Women's images in the novel (Ilyinskaya, Pshenitsyna).

2. Individual task according to those e: Zakhar. What do Zakhar and Oblomov have in common?