About the statement of V. Nepomniachtchi

The reflections of the Pushkin scholar V. Nepomniachtchi clearly illustrate the idea of ​​what mistakes are made when a person knows in advance what result he should get, as a result of which he adjusts the entire study to a given formula. Nowhere in Eugene Onegin do we find any mention of religion. Naturally, all the heroes of the novel are believers, at least formally performing church rituals. But it is absolutely unclear on what basis the Pushkinist V. Nepomnyashchy attributes to Pushkin the formulation of precisely the religious problem as the main problem of the novel.

Pisarev and Belinsky

Comparing the views of two famous critics on Eugene Onegin - Belinsky and Pisarev, one must immediately note the following: what Pisarev says is true, but very narrow and evil. This critic is far from calmly examining the character; he is full of distrust and hostility towards him. Naturally, in such a situation Onegin has little chance of justifying himself.

Belinsky's criticism is much more intellectual and insightful. Vissarion Grigorievich subtly notices the psychological characteristics of the character in question and his relationship with the outside world. His approach to Onegin can be called dialectical, that is, taking into account the entire set of factors in their mutual connection and sequence.

Onegin is not a frozen picture, he lives and develops, so what was possible for him at the beginning of the novel may be impossible at the end. Pisarev does not see this at all, ignoring the direct instructions of A.S. Pushkin himself on the internal struggle of his hero. Every statement of Pisarev, being a partial, limited truth, with further development, expansion of thought will inevitably lead to a much deeper understanding of Belinsky.

1. V. G. Belinsky. Article "Hero of Our Time".

"...Most of The public completely denied the soul and heart in Onegin, seeing in him a cold, dry and selfish person by nature. It is impossible to understand a person more erroneously and crookedly! This is not enough: many good-naturedly believed and still believe that the poet himself wanted to portray Onegin as a cold egoist. This already means that having eyes, you cannot see anything. Social life did not kill Onegin’s feelings, but only cooled him to fruitless passions and petty entertainments.” “The connection with Lensky, this young dreamer who our public liked so much, speaks loudest against Onegin’s imaginary soullessness.”

“Remember how Onegin was brought up, and you will agree that his nature was too good, if such an upbringing did not completely kill it. A brilliant young man, he was carried away by the world, like many; but he soon got bored with them and left him, as too few do. A spark of hope smoldered in his soul - to be resurrected and refreshed in the silence of solitude, in the lap of nature; but he soon saw that a change of place does not change the essence of some irresistible circumstances that are not dependent on our will.

“Onegin is a suffering egoist... He can be called an involuntarily egoist; in his egoism one must see what the ancients called “fatum.”

“Onegin was so smart, subtle and experienced, he understood people and their hearts so well that he could not help but understand from Tatyana’s letter that this a poor girl gifted with a passionate heart, hungry for fatal food, that her passion is childishly simple-minded and that she is not at all like those coquettes who were so tired of him with their feelings, sometimes easy, sometimes fake. In his letter to Tatyana, he says that, having noticed a spark of tenderness in her, he did not want to believe her (that is, he forced himself not to believe), he did not give in to his sweet habit and did not want to part with his hateful freedom.

“And the more natural, simpler Onegin’s suffering is, the further it is from any showiness, the less it could be understood and appreciated by the majority of the public. At twenty-six years old, to experience so much without tasting life, to become so exhausted, tired, without having done anything, to reach such an unconditional denial, without going through any convictions: this is death! But Onegin was not destined to die without tasting from the cup of life: a strong and deep passion immediately aroused the powers of his spirit dormant in anguish."

“Onegin is a real character, in the sense that there is nothing dreamy or fantastic in him, that he could be happy and unhappy only in reality and through reality.”

“Tatiana is an exceptional being, a deep, loving, passionate nature. Love for her could be either the greatest bliss or the greatest disaster of life, without any reconciliatory middle.”

"Visiting Onegin's house and reading his books prepared Tatyana for the rebirth of a village girl into society lady, which so surprised and amazed Onegin."

“In fact, Onegin was to blame before Tatyana for not loving her then, when she was younger and better and loved him! After all, for love all you need is youth, beauty and reciprocity! A dumb village girl with childhood dreams - And society woman, experienced by life and suffering, having found a word to express her feelings and thoughts: what a difference! And yet, in Tatyana’s opinion, she was more capable of inspiring love then than now, because then she was younger and better!”

2. D. N. Ovsyanikov-Kulikovsky.

“Onegin is, first of all, a representative of an educated society, ... a man who rises slightly above the average level of secular young people of that time, educated and affected by the ideas of the century. He is smart, but in his mind there is neither profundity nor sublimity ... Russian coldness , poor performance, inability to get carried away by any business or idea and a great ability to get bored - these are character traits Onegin..."

“Onegin... can be called an ordinary person, spoiled, incapable of work, serious business, etc., but he cannot be called spiritually empty. At first he led an empty life, but it bored him precisely because of its emptiness - he was dissatisfied with it. "

“Pushkin finds in the bored, apathetic, dejected Onegin something attractive, not entirely ordinary, not at all vulgar and seemingly significant.”

“The board of mental loneliness pursues Onegin everywhere. Running away from melancholy, he is looking not so much for new impressions, which are all boring, but for at least some food for the mind.”

3. Onegin is not at all an egoist, as it might seem at first glance. His greatest misfortune and at the same time dignity is the frankness and frankness that came to him along with spiritual emptiness. He knew how to be a hypocrite, but he decided to break with the past and did not want to pretend in front of a sweet and naive girl who confessed her love to him.

Tatyana fell in love with Evgeny, not yet knowing or understanding him. This is youthful love, idealizing and romantic, but Eugene needed such feelings. He was no longer looking for adoration, but for understanding, not for romanticism, but for real, mature feelings. He will see all this in Tatyana later, when he meets her, changed and beautiful, knowing and understanding him now.

Tatyana Larina, brought up in a truly Russian spirit, could never leave her lawful husband even for the sake of the person she loves. She regrets the past, the time when she was free, when there was the possibility of happiness. She failed to stop loving Onegin, but for the sake of this love she will not destroy the happiness of another person. Suffering herself, Tatyana does not want to be a source of suffering for people who do not deserve it.

ABOUT A.S. PUSHKIN’S NOVEL “EUGENE ONEGIN”.

TARGET:

- introduce students to the contradictory reviews of Pushkin’s contemporaries and critics of the 19th century about the novel “Eugene Onegin” and its characters; - improve the skills of analyzing a literary critical article, the ability to compare different points of view and develop your own point of view on piece of art in accordance with author's position and historical era; - develop students’ ideas about historical conditionality literary process.

Criticism is special literary genre dedicated to analysis literary and artistic, scientific and other works.

Criticism is the determination of the attitude towards the subject (sympathetic or negative), the constant correlation of the work with life, the expansion and deepening of our understanding of the work through the talent of the critic.

VISSARION GRIGORIEVICH BELINSKY

Russian thinker, writer, literary critic, publicist.

Speaking about A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin” as a whole, Belinsky notes its historicism in the reproduced picture of Russian society. The critic considers “Eugene Onegin” a historical poem, although there is not a single historical person among its heroes.

“Pushkin took this life as it is, without distracting from it only its poetic moments; took it with all the coldness, with all its prose and vulgarity... - notes Belinsky. - “Onegin” is a poetically true picture of Russian society in a certain era.” “Onegin” can be called an encyclopedia of Russian life and a highly folk work.”

According to Belinsky, in the person of Onegin, Lensky and Tatyana, Pushkin portrayed Russian society.

“Works of Alexander Pushkin” 1845

EVGENY ABRAMOVICH BARATYNSKY

Poet, representative of the Pushkin galaxy.

We have released two more songs from Onegin. Everyone interprets them in their own way: some praise them, others scold them, and everyone reads them... The majority do not understand him. They are looking for a romantic connection, they are looking for an ordinary one and, of course, they don’t find it. The lofty poetic simplicity of your creation seems to them the poverty of fiction; they do not notice that the old and new Russia, life in all its changes passes before their eyes.

From Baratynsky's letter to Pushkin.

DMITRY IVANOVICH PISAREV

Russian publicist and literary critic, revolutionary, democrat.

« frivolous singer of beauty"

and its place "is not on the desk

modern worker, and in the dusty

antique dealer's office."

Article “Pushkin and Belinsky” (1865)

FEDOR MIKHAILOVICH DOSTOEVSKY

One of the most significant and famous Russian writers and thinkers in the world.

In Onegin, in this immortal and inaccessible poem of his, Pushkin appeared great national writer, like no one ever before.

In Pushkin there is precisely something that is truly akin to the people, reaching in him almost to some kind of simple-minded tenderness.

Positively we can say; If there had been no Pushkin, there would have been no talents that followed him.

From the speech of F.M. Dostoevsky at the opening of the monument to Pushkin (1880 G.)

Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin" is one of the most amazing works in Russian and world literature. For more than a century and a half, a huge amount of literature of critical and scientific nature, and to this day the novel is surrounded by very contradictory assessments of critics and literary scholars. Pushkin looks at the world and himself from above spiritual ideal person. In his creation of pictures of the world, Pushkin is a humanist. This means, as V.S. rightly noted. Nepomniachtchi in his book “Pushkin. Russian picture of the world”, “the question of the Pushkin phenomenon fits into the larger context of the spiritual destinies of humanity and the role of Russia in them. There are words about Pushkin as a Russian person “two hundred years later” not a prophecy, but a call, conveyed to us through Gogol and requiring comprehension now, when it is vitally necessary"

Kedrov K. “Eugene Onegin” in the system of images of world literature/In the world of Pushkin. M., 1974, p. 120

Criticism of the novel "Eugene Onegin"

About the presence of “contradictions” and “dark” places in the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" has been written a lot. Some researchers believe that so much time has passed since the creation of the work that its meaning is unlikely to ever be unraveled (in particular, Yu.M. Lotman); others try to give the “incompleteness” a certain philosophical meaning. However, the “unsolvedness” of the novel has a simple explanation: it was simply read inattentively.

Feedback from Pushkin's contemporary Belinsky

Speaking about the novel as a whole, Belinsky notes its historicism in the reproduced picture of Russian society. “Eugene Onegin,” the critic believes, is a historical poem, although there is not a single historical figure among its heroes.

Next, Belinsky names the novel’s nationality. There are more nationalities in the novel “Eugene Onegin” than in any other Russian folk work. If not everyone recognizes it as national, it is because a strange opinion has long been rooted in us, as if a Russian in a tailcoat or a Russian in a corset are no longer Russians and that the Russian spirit makes itself felt only where there is a zipun, bast shoes, fusel and sour cabbage. “The secret of the nationality of every people lies not in its clothing and cuisine, but in its, so to speak, manner of understanding things.”

According to Belinsky, the deviations made by the poet from the story, his appeal to himself, are filled with sincerity, feeling, intelligence, and acuity; the personality of the poet in them is loving and humane. “Onegin can be called an encyclopedia of Russian life and an eminently folk work,” says the critic. The critic points out the realism of Eugene Onegin.

In the person of Onegin, Lensky and Tatyana, according to the critic, Pushkin depicted Russian society in one of the phases of its formation, its development.

The critic speaks of the enormous significance of the novel for the subsequent literary process. Together with Griboedov’s contemporary brilliant creation, “Woe from Wit,” Pushkin’s poetic novel laid a solid foundation for new Russian poetry, new Russian literature.

Belinsky characterized the images of the novel. Characterizing Onegin in this way, he notes: “Most of the public completely denied the soul and heart in Onegin, saw in him a cold, dry and selfish person by nature. It is impossible to understand a person more erroneously and crookedly!.. Social life did not kill Onegin’s feelings, but only cooled him to fruitless passions and petty entertainments... Onegin did not like to get lost in dreams, he felt more than he spoke, and did not open up to everyone. An embittered mind is also a sign of a higher nature, therefore only by people, but also by itself.”

In Lensky, according to Belinsky, Pushkin portrayed a character completely contrary to character Onegin, a completely abstract character, completely alien to reality. This was, according to the critic, a completely new phenomenon.

Lensky was a romantic both by nature and by the spirit of the times. But at the same time, “he was an ignoramus at heart,” always talking about life, but never knew it. “Reality had no influence on him: his sorrows were the creation of his imagination,” writes Belinsky.

“Great was Pushkin’s feat that he was the first in his novel to poetically reproduce Russian society of that time and, in the person of Onegin and Lensky, showed its main, that is, male, side; but perhaps the greater feat of our poet is that he was the first to poetically reproduce, in the person of Tatyana, a Russian woman.”

Tatyana, according to Belinsky, is an exceptional being, a deep, loving, passionate nature. Love for her could be either the greatest bliss or the greatest disaster of life, without any conciliatory middle.

“Eugene Onegin” reflected the entire life of Russian society early XIX century. However, two centuries later, this work is interesting not only in historical and literary terms, but also in terms of the relevance of the questions that Pushkin posed to the reading public. Everyone, opening the novel, found something of their own in it, empathized with the characters, noted the lightness and mastery of the style. And quotes from this work have long become aphorisms, they are pronounced even by those who have not read the book itself.

A.S. Pushkin created this work for about 8 years (1823-1831). The history of the creation of “Eugene Onegin” began in Chisinau in 1823. It reflected the experience of “Ruslan and Lyudmila”, but the subject of the image was not historical and folklore characters, but modern heroes and the author himself. The poet also begins to work in line with realism, gradually abandoning romanticism. During the period of Mikhailovsky exile, he continued to work on the book, and completed it during his forced imprisonment in the village of Boldino (Pushkin was detained by cholera). Thus, creative history The work absorbed the most “fertile” years of the creator, when his skill evolved at breakneck speed. So his novel reflected everything that he learned during this time, everything that he knew and felt. Perhaps the work owes its depth to this circumstance.

The author himself calls his novel “a collection motley chapters“, each of the 8 chapters has relative independence, because the writing of “Eugene Onegin” took a long time, and each episode opened a certain stage in Pushkin’s life. The book was published in parts, each release becoming an event in the world of literature. The complete edition was published only in 1837.

Genre and composition

A.S. Pushkin defined his work as a novel in verse, emphasizing that it is lyrical-epic: a storyline expressed love story heroes (epic beginning), adjacent to digressions and author’s reflections (lyrical beginning). This is why the genre of Eugene Onegin is called a “novel.”

"Eugene Onegin" consists of 8 chapters. In the first chapters, readers are introduced to central character Evgeniy, they move with him to the village and meet their future friend - Vladimir Lensky. Further, the drama of the story increases due to the appearance of the Larin family, especially Tatyana. The sixth chapter is the culmination of the relationship between Lensky and Onegin and the escape of the main character. And at the end of the work there is a denouement storyline Evgeniy and Tatiana.

Lyrical digressions are related to the narrative, but it is also a dialogue with the reader; they emphasize the “free” form, the closeness to an intimate conversation. The same factor can explain the incompleteness and openness of the ending of each chapter and the novel as a whole.

About what?

A young nobleman, already disillusioned with life, inherits an estate in the village and goes there, hoping to dispel his blues. It begins with the fact that he was forced to sit with his sick uncle, who left his family nest to his nephew. However, the hero soon becomes bored with rural life; his existence would become unbearable if not for his acquaintance with the poet Vladimir Lensky. Friends are “ice and fire,” but differences did not interfere with friendly relations. will help you figure this out.

Lensky introduces his friend to the Larin family: the old mother, sisters Olga and Tatyana. The poet has long been in love with Olga, a flighty coquette. Much more serious and more complete character Tatiana, who herself falls in love with Evgeniy. Her imagination had been picturing a hero for a long time; all that remained was for someone to appear. The girl suffers, is tormented, writes a romantic letter. Onegin is flattered, but understands that he cannot respond to such a passionate feeling, so he gives a harsh rebuke to the heroine. This circumstance plunges her into depression, she anticipates trouble. And trouble really came. Onegin decides to take revenge on Lensky because of an accidental disagreement, but chooses a terrible means: he flirts with Olga. The poet is offended and challenges yesterday's friend to a duel. But the culprit kills the “slave of honor” and leaves forever. The essence of the novel “Eugene Onegin” is not even to show all this. The main thing worth paying attention to is the description of Russian life and the psychologism of the characters, which develops under the influence of the depicted atmosphere.

However, the relationship between Tatiana and Evgeniy is not over. They meet at a social evening, where the hero sees not a naive girl, but a mature woman in full splendor. And he falls in love. He is also tormented and writes a message. And he meets with the same rebuke. Yes, the beauty did not forget anything, but it’s too late, she was “given to someone else”: . The failed lover is left with nothing.

The main characters and their characteristics

The images of the heroes of “Eugene Onegin” are not a random selection characters. This is a miniature Russian society of that time, where all the known types of noble people are scrupulously listed: the poor landowner Larin, his secular but degenerate wife in the village, the exalted and insolvent poet Lensky, his flighty and frivolous passion, etc. They all represent imperial Russia its heyday. No less interesting and original. Below is a description of the main characters:

1. Eugene Onegin - main character novel. It carries within itself dissatisfaction with life, fatigue from it. Pushkin talks in detail about the environment in which the young man grew up, about how the environment shaped his character. Onegin's upbringing is typical of the nobles of those years: a superficial education aimed at being successful in decent society. He was not prepared for the present case, but exclusively for social entertainment. Therefore, from a young age I was tired of the empty glitter of balls. He has “direct nobility of soul” (he feels a friendly attachment to Lensky, does not seduce Tatyana, taking advantage of her love). The hero is capable of deep feelings, but is afraid of losing freedom. But, despite his nobility, he is an egoist, and narcissism underlies all his feelings. The essay contains the most detailed characteristics character.
2. Very different from Tatyana Larina, this image appears ideal: an integral, wise, devoted nature, ready to do anything for love. She grew up in a healthy environment, in nature, and not in the light, so real feelings are strong in her: kindness, faith, dignity. The girl loves to read, and in books she drew a special, romantic image, shrouded in mystery. It was this image that was embodied in Evgenia. And Tatyana gave herself up to this feeling with all passion, truthfulness and purity. She did not seduce, did not flirt, but took upon herself the courage to confess. This brave and honest act did not find a response in Onegin’s heart. He fell in love with her seven years later, when she shone in the world. Fame and wealth did not bring happiness to the woman; she married someone she didn’t love, but Eugene’s courtship is impossible, family vows are sacred to her. More about this in the essay.
3. Tatiana's sister Olga is not of great interest, there is not a single acute angle, everything is round, it’s not for nothing that Onegin compares her to the moon. The girl accepts Lensky's advances. And any other person, because why not accept, she is flirtatious and empty. There is immediately a huge difference between the Larin sisters. Youngest daughter took after her mother, a flighty socialite who was forcibly imprisoned in the village.
4. However, it was the flirtatious Olga that the poet Vladimir Lensky fell in love with. Probably because it’s easy to fill the emptiness with your own content in dreams. The hero still burned with a hidden fire, felt subtly and analyzed little. He has high moral concepts, so he is alien to the light and is not poisoned by it. If Onegin talked and danced with Olga only out of boredom, then Lensky saw this as a betrayal, ex-friend became an insidious tempter of a sinless girl. In Vladimir’s maximalist perception, this is immediately a break in relations and a duel. The poet lost in it. The author poses the question, what could await the character if the outcome is favorable? The conclusion is disappointing: Lensky would have married Olga, become an ordinary landowner and become vulgar in routine vegetation. You may also need .

Themes

• The main theme of the novel “Eugene Onegin” is extensive - this is Russian life. The book shows life and upbringing in the world, in the capital, village life, customs and activities, typical and at the same time unique portraits of characters are drawn. Almost two centuries later, the heroes contain features inherent in modern people; these images are deeply national.
• The theme of friendship is also reflected in Eugene Onegin. The main character and Vladimir Lensky were in close friendship. But can it be considered real? They got together by chance, out of boredom. Evgeniy sincerely became attached to Vladimir, who warmed the hero’s cold heart with his spiritual fire. However, just as quickly he is ready to insult a friend by flirting with his beloved, who is happy about it. Evgeny thinks only about himself, the feelings of other people are absolutely unimportant to him, so he could not save his comrade.
• Love too important topic works. Almost all writers talk about it. Pushkin was no exception. In the image of Tatiana it is expressed true love. It can develop against all odds and remain for life. Nobody loved and will love Onegin as much as main character. If you miss this, you remain unhappy for the rest of your life. Unlike the sacrificial, all-forgiving feelings of the girl, Onegin’s emotions are self-love. He was afraid of a timid girl who had fallen in love for the first time, for whose sake he would have to give up the disgusting but familiar light. But Evgeny was captivated by the cold, secular beauty, with whom visiting was already an honor, let alone loving her.
• Subject extra person. The trend of realism appears in Pushkin’s works. It was the environment that raised Onegin to be so disappointed. It was precisely this that preferred to see superficiality in the nobles, the focus of all their efforts on creating secular splendor. And nothing else is needed. On the contrary, education in folk traditions, society ordinary people made the soul healthy and the nature whole, like Tatyana’s.
• Theme of devotion. Faithful to your first and most strong love Tatyana, and Olga is frivolous, changeable and ordinary. Larina's sisters are completely opposite. Olga reflects a typical secular girl, for whom the main thing is herself, her attitude towards her, and therefore she can change if there is a better option. As soon as Onegin said a couple nice words, she forgot about Lensky, whose affection is much stronger. Tatyana’s heart is faithful to Evgeniy all her life. Even when he trampled on her feelings, she waited a long time and could not find another (again, unlike Olga, who was quickly consoled after Lensky's death). The heroine had to get married, but in her soul she continued to be faithful to Onegin, although love had ceased to be possible.

Problems

The problematics in the novel “Eugene Onegin” are very indicative. It reveals not only psychological and social, but also political shortcomings and even entire tragedies of the system. For example, the outdated, but no less creepy, drama of Tatyana’s mother is shocking. The woman was forced into marriage, and she broke under the pressure of circumstances, becoming an evil and despotic mistress of a hated estate. Here's what actual problems raised

• The main problem that is raised throughout realism in general, and by Pushkin in Eugene Onegin in particular, is the destructive influence of secular society on the human soul. A hypocritical and greedy environment poisons the personality. It imposes external requirements of decency: a young man must know a little French, read a little fashionable literature, be decently and expensively dressed, that is, make an impression, seem, and not be. And all the feelings here are also false, they only seem. That's why secular society It takes away the best from people, it cools the brightest flame with its cold deception.
• Handra Evgenia – another one problematic issue. Why does the main character become depressed? Not just because he was spoiled by society. main reason– he does not find the answer to the question: why all this? Why does he live? To go to theaters, balls and receptions? The absence of a vector, direction of movement, awareness of the meaninglessness of existence - these are the feelings that overcome Onegin. Here we are faced with the eternal problem of the meaning of life, which is so difficult to find.
• The problem of selfishness is reflected in the image of the main character. Realizing that no one would love him in a cold and indifferent world, Eugene began to love himself more than anyone else in the world. Therefore, he doesn’t care about Lensky (he only relieves boredom), about Tatyana (she can take away his freedom), he thinks only about himself, but for this he is punished: he remains completely alone and is rejected by Tatyana.

Idea

The main idea of ​​the novel “Eugene Onegin” is to criticize the existing order of life, which dooms more or less extraordinary natures to loneliness and death. After all, there is so much potential in Evgenia, but there is no business, only social intrigue. There is so much spiritual fire in Vladimir, and besides death, only vulgarization in a feudal, suffocating environment can await him. How many spiritual beauty and mind in Tatiana, and she can only be a mistress social evenings, dress up and carry on empty conversations.

People who do not think, do not reflect, do not suffer - these are the ones for whom it is suitable existing reality. This is a consumer society that lives at the expense of others, which shines while those “others” vegetate in poverty and filth. The thoughts that Pushkin thought about deserve attention to this day and remain important and pressing.

Another meaning of “Eugene Onegin”, which Pushkin laid down in his work, is to show how important it is to preserve individuality and virtue when temptations and fashions are rampant around, subjugating more than one generation of people. While Evgeny was chasing new trends and playing the cold and disappointed hero Byron, Tatyana listened to the voice of her heart and remained true to herself. Therefore, she finds happiness in love, albeit unrequited, and he finds only boredom in everything and everyone.

Features of the novel

The novel “Eugene Onegin” is a fundamentally new phenomenon in the literature of the early 19th century. He has a special composition - it is a “novel in verse”, a lyric-epic work of large volume. IN lyrical digressions the image of the author, his thoughts, feelings and ideas that he wants to convey to readers emerges.

Pushkin amazes with the ease and melodiousness of his language. His literary style is devoid of heaviness and didacticism; the author knows how to talk about complex and important things simply and clearly. Of course, a lot needs to be read between the lines, since harsh censorship was merciless even towards geniuses, but the poet is also not a natural person, so he was able to tell in the elegance of verse about the socio-political problems of his state, which were successfully hushed up in the press. It is important to understand that before Alexander Sergeevich, Russian poetry was different; he made a kind of “revolution of the game.”

The peculiarity also lies in the image system. Evgeny Onegin is the first in the gallery of “superfluous people”, who contain enormous potential that cannot be realized. Tatyana Larina “raised” female images from the place “the main character needs to love someone” to an independent and complete portrait of a Russian woman. Tatyana is one of the first heroines who looks stronger and more significant than the main character, and does not hide in his shadow. This is how the direction of the novel “Eugene Onegin” is revealed - realism, which will more than once open the theme of the superfluous person and touch upon the difficult woman's destiny. By the way, we also described this feature in the essay “”.

Realism in the novel "Eugene Onegin"

"Eugene Onegin" marks Pushkin's transition to realism. In this novel, the author first raises the topic of man and society. A personality is not perceived separately, it is part of a society that educates, leaves a certain imprint or completely shapes people.

The main characters are typical, but at the same time unique. Eugene is an authentic secular nobleman: disappointed, superficially educated, but at the same time not like those around him - noble, intelligent, observant. Tatyana is an ordinary provincial young lady: she was brought up on French novels, is filled with the sweet dreams of these works, but at the same time she is a “Russian soul”, wise, virtuous, loving, harmonious nature.

It is precisely in the fact that readers for two centuries see themselves and their acquaintances in the heroes, and it is precisely in the inescapable relevance of the novel that its realistic orientation is expressed.

Criticism

The novel “Eugene Onegin” evoked a great response from readers and critics. According to E.A. Baratynsky: “Everyone interprets them in their own way: some praise them, others scold them, and everyone reads them.” Contemporaries criticized Pushkin for the “labyrinth of digressions”, for the insufficiently defined character of the main character, and careless language. The reviewer Thaddeus Bulgarin, who supported the government and conservative literature, especially distinguished himself.

However, V.G. understood the novel best. Belinsky, who called it “an encyclopedia of Russian life,” is a historical work, despite the absence of historical characters. Indeed, a modern lover of belles lettres can study Eugene Onegin from this point of view in order to learn more about noble society beginning of the 19th century.

And a century later, the comprehension of the novel in verse continued. Yu.M. Lotman saw complexity and paradox in the work. This is not just a collection of quotes familiar from childhood, it is “ organic world" All this proves the relevance of the work and its significance for Russian national culture.

What does it teach?

Pushkin showed the life of young people and how their fate could turn out. Of course, fate depends not only on the environment, but also on the heroes themselves, but the influence of society is undeniable. The poet showed the main enemy that affects young nobles: idleness, aimlessness of existence. Alexander Sergeevich’s conclusion is simple: the creator calls not to limit oneself to secular conventions, stupid rules, but to live life to the fullest, guided by moral and spiritual components.

These ideas remain relevant today, before modern people Often a choice arises: to live in harmony with oneself or to break oneself for the sake of some benefits or public recognition. By choosing the second path, chasing illusory dreams, you can lose yourself and discover with horror that your life is over and nothing has been done. This is what you need to fear most.

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