A story plan is needed in order to. A memo on literary reading. Learning to plan a story

Writing a story outline is a must in school. It's hard to write without a good plan good story, so you need to figure out how to plan the story correctly. literary work, then, first of all, you need to organize your ideas. Remember to write down all the information related to your job. It is difficult to keep a lot of information in your head, and not to get confused in it is even more difficult. Decide on the topic of the story. Think about what subtopics you want to reveal in your work. Make a list. actors: their names, occupation, features of appearance and character, relationships with each other. For each hero you need to prepare brief description... The list of characteristics should resemble the one that precedes the plays, for example, Igor Ignatievich, landowner, 48 years old. Married to Natalia Igorevna. Loves hunting. Stutters after the upheaval of the war. Build a detailed outline of the story based on the main subtopics. It should include not only the main points, but also sub-points of the second and third levels. For ease of reference, immediately write down the approximate size of each part. The plan should be harmonious, its parts are connected in a logical sequence. Work it through carefully, then further work will go easier, and the result will be better. Good plan should concisely and accurately convey the content of the story. Try not to "lose" your characters while writing the story and bring storyline each of them to their logical conclusion. One of the main keys to the success of story writing is a successful climax and ending. After all, it is they who remain in the reader's memory after completing the reading of the work. After the work on the plan is completed, it is necessary to carefully check your plan (and subsequently the story) for various kinds of errors. required component analysis of an already written story. It helps to remember the content of the work, to structure its events in a logical sequence, to determine the relationship between the individual parts. First, read the story, define its main theme, highlight the names of the main characters. Divide the text into four parts: plot; plot development; climax; denouement. These points and will be the backbone of your plan. If necessary, divide each of these parts into several smaller ones, noting in your mind or in the text the beginning of each of them. Reread the first part. Give it a title. The name should be concise and succinct. Try to convey the essence of this section of the story in one sentence. Do the same procedures for the other parts. Types of plans Sometimes an assignment requires you to make a plan. of a certain type... In order to cope with this, you need to familiarize yourself with the main four types of plans: question. Each point of the plan is a question, the answer to which conveys the essence of this fragment(Where did Taras go after school?); Thesis. The content of the paragraph is expressed through theses of the verbal structure - a short formulation of the main provision of a specific part, containing verbs (Taras went to the stadium); A plan of theses, which are expressed by nouns (Taras at the stadium); plan-basic scheme. This plan consists of excerpts of sentences that carry the main semantic load (Taras Plan - a trip to the stadium); combined. Such a plan may contain several different types The composition of the text When drawing up the outline of the story, you should adhere to the classic composition: Introduction - in this section it is necessary to acquaint the reader with the place and time of the action, as well as some of the key characters. further development stories. Development of actions is the largest part of the story. highest point Disconnection is a conclusion that tells how their actions turned out for the heroes. As you can see, the ability to correctly draw up a plan is an indispensable skill when analyzing and memorizing texts. Writing a good story will not be easy if its structure is not clearly and logically presented in the form of a list of paragraphs and subparagraphs.

Now they often write stories in schools and in philological faculties universities. Sometimes the flight of imagination is not limited by anything, and in some cases it is necessary to create a work on a given topic. Of course, at the faculties of journalism they devote a lot of time to explaining all the nuances of writing a story and its plan, but at school it is often impossible to present it in detail. Typically, students write stories about the painting, about their family, their interests and Everyday life, and also devote the first work to a book read or a movie seen. The story may somewhat resemble an essay, but it should have all the signs of an independent short work: plot, characters, composition. To do the job well, competently and clearly, you must first draw up a story plan, moderately detailed and accurate, and then write the text in accordance with it. If you are writing a story for yourself or are going to publish it, a competent plan will also be very useful to you - it is much easier to work with it, the work in the end will turn out to be logical and interesting.

We plan the story correctly. Basic principles of writing a plan, recommendations
Writing a good story involves making a plan. Even if you have inspiration, it seems to you that the work has already formed in your head, it remains only to write it down in its entirety, you still need to first briefly reflect everything on paper. It is best to do this clearly, point by point. This will be the outline of your story.

1. Before starting work on a story, you need to define its theme, idea, main direction. The content of your plan will largely depend on this. For example, when talking about your family, you will not only need to list your loved ones, but also try to connect the narrative into a single whole, make smooth transitions so that the text does not turn into a dry listing of facts. It is also worth immediately identifying your place in the family, since you are not writing about an abstract family, but about your own. This needs to be emphasized. When you are given a topic, be sure to write it at the top of the sheet where you will plan. This entry will constantly remind you of the main direction of the text, since you should not deviate too much from the topic.
   
2. If you come up with a topic yourself, try to choose the direction that is most understandable and accessible to you. Write the story yourself, do not copy it from existing sources. Even if creation own work If you find it too difficult, at the stage of drawing up a plan, you will make sure that such work is quite feasible. The main thing is to navigate in the chosen topic, possess the necessary information, and feel free. You can write a story about yourself, about an incident from your life (vacations, going to an event, getting to know interesting person), about your favorite movie, book. It is important to draw up a story plan that will fully correspond to the content of the future text. Keep your topic in mind and write it down straight away on a plan sheet. Each point in your outline should be directly related to the topic. Do not make big digressions, since the story is a small genre of prose. You need to explain in a small volume the topic of your story in a clear and detailed manner.
   
3. Don't let inspiration lead you astray. To do this, be sure to include all the important and striking details in it. Briefly write them down right in the appropriate paragraphs of the plan. For example, if in one of the parts of the development of the action you need to tell an interesting incident that characterizes the hero of the story, outline this moment in the plan in a concise form.
   
4. You will need to carefully plan a story on a given topic, competent and thoughtful. Take this business responsibly. Even if the teacher will not review the plan, write it as if you need to submit it for review. Remember that the success of the work as a whole largely depends on the clarity and consistency of your plan. Stay focused, stay focused, and write carefully. A good outline will help you create a truly dignified story.
   
5. Remember the details you need to tell the story and reflect them in your outline:
   • characters should be outlined in sufficient detail for the reader to imagine them;
     
   • a good description does not necessarily differ in unnecessary detail; it is better to write in a story more succinctly and succinctly;
     
   • heroes are revealed in the work not only externally, but also internally;
     
   • add two-three interesting moments, vivid details that will grab the reader's attention.
     
   For example, when you decide to outline the image of the hero with a few memorable strokes, write them down briefly exactly in that point of the plan that corresponds to the planned part of the story, where these details will appear.
   
6. Write down all the characters in your future story right away. In the plan, they should go after the title and a short (two or three phrases) content of the work. The hero roster may resemble the rosters you've seen in plays. Directly in it, indicate the connections of the heroes with each other, add condensed characteristics. For example: "Katya, Natalia's daughter, a cheerful girl of ten years."
   
7. If you need to plan a story for a picture, think carefully about the composition of your text. It doesn't just have to be good and harmonious on its own: you need to relate it to the composition of the painting. Highlight the most important thing in the picture and gradually approach its description, draw your conclusions and outline the central one in the picture as the culmination of the story. Pay attention to details, color transitions, features of the composition, and describe them vividly in the story.
   
8. In the outline, reflect the development of the action of your story. Try to split it into large quantity points, so that according to the plan it was possible to calmly follow the connection of events. When you write down the plot in detail, it will be easier for you not only to create the text of the story itself, but also to make the necessary adjustments even before writing the main text. Remember that you do not need to drag out and complicate the plot in the story, since the form of your work dictates the brevity and conciseness of the presentation. Do not be distracted by side storylines, retreats, stick to one, central direction.
   
9. Pay special attention to the climax and denouement of the story. It is these parts that should be the most interesting, vivid and memorable, so as not to disappoint the reader. Briefly write the main point in the appropriate points of the plan.
   
10. Keep track of the proportions of the parts of your story. Try not to make them too different in volume. Great option- write down the approximate estimated volume, the number of sentences of this part of the future story, in each paragraph.
    

Drawing up a story plan. Progress
Follow the algorithm to plan the story correctly.

1. Consider the topic of your story first.
   
2. Outline the main circle of questions, small sub-topics that you will touch upon in the story. Write everything down on a piece of paper.
   
3. Reflect the theme of your story.
   
4. Write down the names of the characters, indicate their relationship with each other, features.
   
5. When drawing up a plan, do not forget about the topic, do not deviate from it, as your work will be distinguished by its brevity.
   
6. Write detailed plan... Use division into clauses and subclauses, for example: 2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3, 3.1, 3.2. So it will be convenient for you to highlight the semantic parts according to their importance.
   
7. Immediately write down in paragraphs what approximately the volume of the story they correspond to.
   
8. In the outline, reflect the development of the plot.
   
9. Stick to the classic composition:
   • introduction: description of the scene, acquaintance with the characters;
     
   • tie: interesting event from which the plot begins to develop;
     
   • development of action;
     
   • climax: the most intense moment in the text;
     
   • denouement: a description of what the actions of the heroes led to;
     
   • conclusion.
     
10. Pay special attention to the climax and the ending.
    
11. Do not "lose" the heroes in your plan, do not forget about the characters: if the character appears in the story, you need to designate his role in the narrative.
    
12. Try to make the plan harmonious, thoughtful, the parts should correspond to each other in volume.
    

Write the plan carefully, in detail, remember the main recommendations, then your further work on the story will go much better.

Writing a story outline is a must in school. Writing a good story is difficult without a good outline, so you need to figure out how to plan the story correctly.

Planning a story

If you decide to start writing your own literary work, then, first of all, you need to organize your ideas. Remember to write down all the information related to your job. It is difficult to keep a lot of information in your head, and not to get confused in it is even more difficult.

1. Decide on the topic of the story.
2. Think about what subtopics you want to reveal in your work.
3. Make a list of the characters: their names, occupation, features of appearance and character, relationships with each other. A short description must be prepared for each character. The list of characteristics should resemble the one that precedes the plays, for example, Igor Ignatievich, landowner, 48 years old. Married to Natalia Igorevna. Loves hunting. After the upheavals experienced in the war, he stutters.
4. Based on the main subtopics, write a detailed outline for the story. It should include not only the main points, but also sub-points of the second and third levels. For ease of reference, write down the approximate size of each part right away. The plan should be harmonious, its parts are connected in a logical sequence. Work it through carefully, then further work will go easier, and the result will be better. A good plan should convey the content of the story concisely and accurately.
5. While writing the story, try not to "lose" your characters and bring the storyline of each of them to its logical conclusion. One of the main keys to the success of story writing is a successful climax and ending. After all, they are the ones that remain in the reader's memory after completing the reading of the work.
6. After the work on the plan is completed, you need to carefully check your plan (and subsequently the story) for various kinds of errors.

Outline of the finished text

Drawing up a plan is an indispensable component of the analysis of an already written story. It helps to remember the content of a work, to structure its events in a logical sequence, to determine the relationship between individual parts.

1. First, read the story, define its main theme, highlight the names of the main characters.
2. Divide the text into four parts:
3. tie;
4. plot development;
5. climax;
6. denouement.
7. These points will be the backbone of your plan. If necessary, divide each of these parts into several smaller ones, marking in the mind or in the text the beginning of each of them.
8. Reread the first part. Give it a title. The name should be concise and succinct. Try to convey the essence of this fragment of the story in one sentence.
9. Do the same for the other parts.

Types of plans

Sometimes the assignment requires you to draw up a plan of a certain type. In order to cope with this, you need to familiarize yourself with the main four types of plans:

• questionable. Each point of the plan is a question, the answer to which conveys the essence of this fragment (Where did Taras go after school?);
• thesis. The content of the paragraph is expressed through theses of the verbal structure - a short formulation of the main provision of a specific part, containing verbs (Taras went to the stadium);
• name. Outline of theses, which are expressed by nouns (Taras at the stadium);
• plan-reference scheme. This plan consists of excerpts of sentences that carry the main semantic load (Taras Plan - a trip to the stadium);
• combined. Such a plan can contain several different types of plans.

Composition of the text

When drawing up a story plan, you should adhere to the classic composition:

1. Introduction - in this section it is necessary to acquaint the reader with the place and time of the action, as well as some of the key characters.
2. Outset - describe the event that led to the further development of the story.
3. The development of actions is the largest part of the story.
4. The culmination is the highest point in the development of events.
5. The denouement is a conclusion that tells how their actions turned out for the heroes.

As you can see, the ability to correctly draw up a plan is an indispensable skill when analyzing and memorizing texts. Writing a good story will not be easy if its structure is not clearly and logically presented in the form of a list of paragraphs and subparagraphs.

When the plan is ready, you can start writing the story, useful information on story writing can be found in the article.

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Retelling trains the child's memory, thinking and speech. Teaches children to express their thoughts competently, consistently. However, not all children find it easy to retell. The reasons why the child does not know how to retell the most different:

• Difficulty memorizing text
• difficulties in highlighting the main and the secondary in the text
• difficulties in the design of a speech utterance (I know, but I cannot say)

We approach each of the listed problems individually. If the child has problems remembering, then we focus on drawing up a retelling plan that will help the child remember and produce what he read. It is also necessary to train the general memory of the child with the help of educational games like Memo.

If the child does not know how to highlight the main and the secondary in the text, is confused with the logic of the narrative, then the emphasis should be on the conversation on the read work.

If the child has difficulty in formulating a thought, it is necessary general development child's speech. Communicate with your child as often as possible, come up with fairy tales, make up stories-descriptions.

Now let's consider general algorithm learning to retell. This sequence is suitable for children of all ages.

1. Preliminary work with the text

Preliminary work with the text includes an explanation of words that the child does not understand, (terms and phrases), which will later be found in the text for retelling.

2. Reading text

Parents read to preschoolers, while schoolchildren read the text themselves. When reading, speed is not important, but comprehension. You can make sure that the child correctly understands the meaning of the work with the help of clarifying questions at the end of each paragraph.

3. Conversation on the read work

Chat with your child. Find out what he understood from what he read, did he remember all the characters? Does he understand the motives and actions of the characters?

4. Re-reading

Repeated reading is carried out if you see that the child has not memorized more information. If the text is short and simple, you don't need to read it again.

5. Drawing up a plan for retelling

Teaching a child to retell a text helps step by step plan... The plan can be verbal (used for schoolchildren) and illustrative (used for preschool and school children).

Teaching a student to retell a text is preferable using a written, rather than illustrative plan. Because The acquired skills in drawing up a written plan will help your child with presentations and essays in Russian lessons. The plan can be expanded or shortened. An example of a detailed plan: "In the first paragraph, the author tells us about how the cat decided to eat the sparrow." This sentence is written in a notebook and is a support for the retelling. An abbreviated plan is drawn up using the keywords "Cat, hungry, sparrow."

Illustrative plan - pictures, plot or subject, according to which the child reconstructs the events taking place. Good example plot pictures: cribs for mom "Stories in pictures. 3 - 10 years old"

Also, the child can draw a plan for future retelling himself or with the help of an adult. Sketching should be quick and sketchy. You do not need to draw the whole grandfather, you just need to outline the beard or mustache.

6. Immediate story of the child

Your little one started the story, don't interrupt, listen carefully. If in difficulty, help with leading questions. Can be delicately corrected. Retelling will become more interesting if you include elements of the game. Cut out a window in a piece of cardboard and tell him that today he will talk "About the Cat" on TV. This simple technique will help your child to have fun!

How older child, the more complex requirements are presented by teachers for retelling. In middle and high school, teachers give retellings in biology, history, etc. Remember that structured information is best remembered. Work with the text, highlight the main points that must be included in the retelling.

Retelling is useful only if the child understands its content, otherwise the retelling turns into uninformative cramming. Help your child understand the material if necessary. Adults can also find it helpful to brush up on school knowledge!

In the process of teaching, schoolchildren will have to complete many tasks, including preparing their own oral story on the topic set by the teacher. For example, it could be small text about a pet or retelling classic piece... In order for everything to work out as it should, you should know how to draw up a story plan, what must be included in it. Our material will help you figure it out.

What it is

A plan is a collection of structural elements that will be present in the story itself, and the more detailed and detailed the list is drawn up, the easier it becomes to connect the elements together and recreate a coherent long text. The school will have to compile a lot of such "lists": detailed and short, quotation and thesis, despite the apparent complexity, this form of work is very useful, since it contributes to the detailed study and memorization of the material.

Operating procedure

Consider how to plan a story (grade 2) so that all the elements required by the teacher are reflected in it. There are several stages of work:

• Read the work itself.
• Determine its main idea, as stated in the text. What events are described by the author, how the text begins and how it ends.
• Divide the text into semantic parts (an example will be given later). Each of them must be complete in meaning.
• In the highlighted parts, outline the most important thing, the main actions of the characters.
• Repeated reading of each of the fragments, coming up with a subtitle and main (key) words for it. There should not be very many of them, it is quite enough to write out proper names and 2-3 major nouns or adjectives.
• Detailed retelling.

This is the sequence of work that allows you to answer the question of the story. Next we give specific example, we will analyze the text from the second grade program of L. N. Tolstoy "The Lion and the Dog".

In London, wild animals were shown and for viewing they took money or dogs and cats to feed wild animals.

One man wanted to look at the animals: he grabbed a dog on the street and brought it to the menagerie. They let him look, and they took the little dog and threw it into the cage to the lion to eat.

The dog tucked its tail between its legs and snuggled into the corner of the cage. The lion went up to her and sniffed her.

The little dog lay on its back, raised its paws and began to wave its tail.

The lion touched her with his paw and turned her over.

The dog jumped up and stood in front of the lion on its hind legs.

The lion looked at the dog, turned his head from side to side and did not touch it.

When the owner threw the meat to the lion, the lion tore off a piece and left it to the dog.

In the evening, when the lion went to bed, the dog lay down beside him and put its head on his paw.

Since then, the dog lived in the same cage with the lion, the lion did not touch her, ate food, slept with her, and sometimes played with her.

Once the master came to the menagerie and recognized his dog; he said that the dog was his own and asked the owner of the menagerie to give it to him. The owner wanted to give it away, but as soon as they began to call the dog to take it out of the cage, the lion bristled and growled.

This is how the lion and the dog lived whole year in one cage.

A year later, the dog fell ill and died. The lion stopped eating, and smelled everything, licked the dog and touched it with his paw.

When he realized that she was dead, he suddenly jumped up, bristled, began to lash himself with his tail on the sides, rushed to the wall of the cage and began to gnaw at the bolts and the floor.

All day he fought, tossed about in the cage and roared, then lay down beside the dead dog and fell silent. The owner wanted to take the dead dog away, but the lion would not let anyone near it.

The owner thought that the lion would forget his grief if he was given another dog, and let a live dog into his cage; but the lion at once tore it to pieces. Then he hugged the dead dog with his paws and lay there for five days.

On the sixth day, the lion died.

Defining a theme

After reading a short text, you should determine its topic, that is, say what the work is talking about. It is not difficult - in the story of Tolstoy it comes about a lion and a little dog, their amazing friendship. The author, with undisguised sympathy, describes the lion's devotion to his unexpected friend.

• The beginning - the master, for a joke, decides to throw his little dog into a cage with a predator. But unexpectedly for everyone, the lion did not tear the unfortunate woman to pieces, but showed sympathy, then - sincerely became attached to her.
• The end is the death of both animals.

Therefore, when retelling, it is important to ensure that you start with a meeting and end with the death of the heroes.

Highlighting the semantic parts

Considering how to plan a story, you should highlight several fragments in the text, each of which is a complete story. The text is re-read again, with a pencil they mark where one thought of the author ended and another began. You can also determine the end of each semantic part by the appearance of new heroes or by the beginning of a new action.

In the story "The Lion and the Dog", let us highlight the following fragments:

1. Introduction - features of zoos of the described time (payment was collected by animals that went to feed the predators).
2. The man wanted to see wild animals and brought his dog.
3. The animal was thrown into the lion's cage.
4. The predator took pity on the poor fellow.
5. The unexpected friendship of a lion and a dog.
6. The owner is trying to get the pet back. Terrible discontent of the predator.
7. A year later, the dog fell ill and died.
8. The lion refused food, grieved, did not accept another dog, which the owner gave him and soon died.

Thus, it turned out 8 parts, each of which is complete in meaning. After dividing the text, you should carefully re-read each part and think if there is a need to highlight another "piece".

Subheadings

Considering how to draw up a story plan, we have come to the next stage of work - a capacious title for each of the previously highlighted fragments. You should strive to present the content in 2-4 words. In our case, we get the following headers:

1. London Zoo Life.
2. A cruel master.
3. A dangerous meeting.
4. Predator kinder than people.
5. A strange friendship.
6. The strong protects the weak.
7. Disease and death of a dog.
8. Despair and death of the lion.

It also ended up with 8 subheadings, each of which represents a point in the plan. Using it, you can retell the text without any problems, since all the main events described by Tolstoy are presented in it.

Complex plan

Sometimes the task becomes more complicated, for example, the structure may not be simple, but detailed. Consider how to write a story outline in this case. At first, the semantic parts are also highlighted, but one or two of them should be divided even more fractionally. In the text "The Lion and the Dog", you can work out parts 3 and 8 in more detail. When drawing up a plan for retelling, these fragments, in turn, can be subdivided as follows:

3. Dangerous meeting.

• 3.1 The behavior of the dog (squeezed into a corner, afraid, waving her tail).
• 3.2 Reaction of the predator (sniffed, touched, gave meat).

8. Despair and death of the lion.

• 8.1 The Predator realized that his dog was dead.
• 8.2 Refusal to eat, flour and torment.
• 8.3 Reaction to someone else's doggie.
• 8.4 Death.

Such a detailed plan, of course, requires more careful drafting, however, it is much easier to retell it according to it.

Major mistakes

Having considered about the animal, we will analyze the main mistakes that schoolchildren can make. There are several of them:

• Isolation of a very large or, on the contrary, a very small number of semantic parts.
• Violation of logic, rearrangement of parts in places.
• Lack of necessary components: introduction, climax and denouement.
• Incorrect selection of headings for paragraphs. It is necessary to name parts of the text in such a way that, when reading the title, you can immediately remember what is being said in this fragment.

Competent and thoughtful work on the text, its repeated re-reading with a pencil in hand will help to avoid these mistakes. Of course, the second grade is only the second step. primary school... Children will have enough time to learn how to analyze the work, but the earlier they start, the better the result on the exam will be. Therefore, work on drawing up a text plan should be given special attention, it helps to highlight the main thing and filter out insignificant details, trains thinking, logic and memory.

We examined how to draw up a story plan (grade 2), what stages the work should consist of. If something does not work out the first time, do not be discouraged, you have to work hard, then the result will not be long in coming.