National composition of the world's population and ethnic processes. The most numerous peoples in the world. List of the largest nationalities What are the nations of people

I recently asked this question to myself and tried to find an answer. Surprisingly, despite the level of science in our time, scientists can not clearly determine the exact number. However, the topic is quite interesting, and therefore I will share the information I found.

How many peoples on Earth

Even scientists find it difficult to answer precisely - there is simply no definite answer... Each time this topic is raised, a new figure sounds, however, official science believes that there are from 2 to 4 thousand nationalities and peoples... Agree, the spread is very large. The point is that it is almost impossible to give an exact definition of the term "people" - everyone has their own understanding of this word. For example, there are states whose inhabitants communicate using one language, but in fact are different peoples, and sometimes vice versa.

If you try to find definition of a term in a dictionary, then you may find that the term is used both in a political sense and in a cultural one. However, there are several meanings:

• a set of art consumers in other words - the audience;
• the population of a state;
• congestion of people in a certain place;
• working population:
• an ethnic group with pronounced common characteristics.

The last definition is generally accepted, as for the mentioned signs, it is:

• culture;
• traditions;
• language.

What is the difference between peoples

The main feature is language therefore, its unity is considered paramount. Exists about 4000 languages, which are allocated by scientists into separate groups. There are about 20 such groups. Half of humanity speaks languages ​​included in the largest - Indo-European group... What else could be the difference? Of course, by number... Research suggests that most of the peoples are not very large - no more than 1 million people. However, there are also quite numerous, for example, the Chinese and Indians.

Culture is one of the characteristic differences... Allocate both spiritual and material. The first group includes lending, song, danceNS etc. The second group includes the type of housing clothes, kitchen features etc.

There are several hundred peoples on our planet. Everyone has different customs and language. Some do not have a written language. There are peoples whose civilization has reached unprecedented heights. And there are quite primitive ones. The same gesture can have opposite meanings in different cultures. The science that studies peoples is called ethnography.

In addition to Russia, which numbers more than 190 nationalities, including 150 million Russians, about four hundred more peoples live on the globe. And if we count small nationalities and ethnic groups, it will turn out to be about five and a half thousand. Among the most numerous are fourteen nations.

1. The list is headed by the Chinese, there are 1,320 million of them. Among them, 92% are Han, the rest are Zhuang and Huizu.
2. The second largest are Arabs. There are 330 million of them.
3. The third place is occupied by Americans, that is, residents of the United States. There are 317 million of them. Although they all come from other countries, the signs of a nation allow them to be considered an ethnic group.
4. The fourth largest population belongs to the Hindus - 265 million. Their language is Hindi, and they live in India, Nepal and Pakistan.

• Bengalis - 250.
• Brazilians (a people formed from several nations living in Brazil) - 197.
• Mexicans (by and large these are the peoples of Mexico) - 148.
• Japanese - 132.
• Punjabis inhabiting the state of Punjab in India - 130.
• Bihar, residents of the Indian state of Bihar - 115.
• Javans living on the island of Java and Indonesia - 105.
• Thais - 90.
• Koreans - 83.
• Marathi (another people of India) - 83.

Who lives in Europe

Speaking about the peoples of other countries of the world, let's not forget about Europe. It is not customary to have large families here, so the numbers will be more modest. But in terms of cultural traditions, customs and literature, all nationalities are of great interest. And now let's list the most numerous nations of foreign Europe (in millions of people):

1. Germans - 82.
2. French - 65.
3. Italians - 59.
4. British - 58.
5. Poles - 47.
6. Spaniards - 46.
7. Ukrainians - 45.
8. Gypsies - 5.
9. Jews - 2.

Many Europeans do not live in Europe, they did not make this list. Also, there are no migrants in it - mainly Asian peoples who settled here, but are not indigenous. As a result of mixed marriages and cultures, new nationalities are gradually being formed.

Families of nations

Many peoples have a similar language, due to their relationship. To define a group of people who differ in terms of language, the term "language family" was introduced. There are several of them, and the most common is Indo-European. Its languages ​​are spoken by half of the world. It consists of several groups.

Romanesque, Germanic and Slavic are the most numerous. All peoples of Europe, as well as Mexicans, Brazilians and other Latin Americans belong to this family. Greeks, Armenians and descendants of the Persians are also included in it.

There are also Chinese, Semitic-Hamitic, Niger-Kordofan, Austronesian, Ural and Caucasian families. For our country, the Ural, Altai and Caucasian are of the greatest interest. The fact is that the peoples included in them are considered Russian in other countries. In America, for example, they say so: Russian Mari, Abkhazian, Tatar. And besides, these nationalities know Russian well.

Peoples of the Caucasus

The Bible's message that the Ark settled in the Ararat Mountains after the Flood is of interest not only to scientists. Armenians have long considered themselves the descendants of Noah and trace their ancestry back to Japheth, his son. Now the Caucasus is inhabited by dozens of peoples. According to various sources, there are from 50 to 62. Caucasians differ from the peoples of other countries of the world in hospitality, songs, dances and cuisine.

Georgians and Adjarians represent the Georgian group. Georgian wines can be used to study the geography of this country: grape varieties are named according to the areas of cultivation. Georgians sing beautifully in different voices. Every Caucasian has a Lezginka in his blood, and all nationalities have their own. Abkhazians, neighbors of Georgians, live by the sea. Kabardians, Circassians and Circassians are in the mountains. Chechens and Ingush side by side with them.

Some small peoples no longer exist, the last speaker of the language and culture dies, and the memory of the people remains only in books. Therefore, it is important to get acquainted with the culture of Caucasian residents.

Turkic peoples

One of the groups of the Altai language family is Turkic. It includes the Tatar people. A dozen and a half nationalities related to him make up a fairly large number. In addition to the Bashkirs and Chuvashes living next to the Tatar people, this group includes residents of the former southern Soviet republics. These are Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, Turkmens and Azerbaijanis. Moreover, the Turks are also members of this family.

Some phrases expressing greetings, wishes for peace, health to the family, well-being for children sound very similar in these peoples. It is customary for the Turkic peoples to have large families, women are largely dependent on men. Children are polite to adults.

Gestures that are innocent in one part of the world become unacceptable in another.

• The gesture of a fig can be shown in Brazil - they consider it to be a wish of good luck. But it is the same in Arab countries - a grave insult.
• Head movements, which in Russia mean no, and nodding - yes, are exactly the opposite in Bulgaria and Greece.
• In Buddhist culture, the crown of the head is considered an important place in the body, and stroking a child on the head can be perceived as aggression.
• The thumbs up gesture, which is used to vote on the road in Europe and America, is better not to do in Iran - it is a sexual insult.
• Chin scratching is an offensive gesture in France.
• Almost everywhere in Asia and Africa, eating with your left hand or passing objects and money is unacceptable. Satan is believed to have been left-handed.

Tourists should familiarize themselves with the customs of the peoples before going on vacation. How to avoid a mistake:

• In Kenya, it is customary for a man to put on women's clothing after the wedding and do housework for a whole month. It is believed that this way he will appreciate his wife more.
• The Chinese love when they are presented not with natural, but artificial flowers. And the living are considered a symbol of death.
• In Thailand, a fork is used in an original way. It is used to put food in a spoon, not in the mouth.
• In Japan, sticks should not be left in a bowl of rice, especially while standing: this is a funeral ritual.

The peoples of other countries of the world are interesting to study. It's good that all people are different. Collective creativity is manifested in customs.

Peoples of other countries of the world and their customs on the site.

Our life consists of everyday little things that in one way or another affect our well-being, mood and productivity. I didn't get enough sleep - my head hurts; drank coffee to improve the situation and cheer up - became irritable. I really want to foresee everything, but it just doesn't work out. Moreover, everyone around, as if instituted, gives advice: gluten in bread - don't come near, it will kill; a chocolate bar in your pocket is a direct path to tooth loss. We collect the most popular questions about health, nutrition, diseases and give answers to them that will allow you to understand a little better what is good for your health.

Do you know how many nationalities there are in the world? The answer to this question is not as easy as it seems at first glance. There are many contradictions in the understanding of the very term "nationality". What is it? Linguistic community? Citizenship? This article will be devoted to bringing some clarity to the problems of the world's nationalities. We will also look at what ethnic groups give rise to beauties and attractive men. Naturally, nationalities can disappear, assimilate. And the individual in our age of globalization can be the product of a mixture of different ethnic groups. And it is often difficult for a person to answer the question of who he is by nationality. But if we talk about large groups of people, then here we can single out several factors by which ethnicity is determined.

Citizenship and nationality

First, not all powers are monolithic in the ethnic composition of their populations. And even if we do not take into account the presence of migrants, the so-called "citizens of the first generation", then even then we cannot say that there are one hundred and ninety-two nationalities in the world. The list of states (namely, there are so many of them on the political map) does not give us an idea of ​​the numerous ethnic groups inhabiting these very countries. For example, representatives of more than one hundred and eighty nationalities live in the Russian Federation. And North and South Korea is inhabited by one people, divided by a demarcation line due to political strife. There is a concept of "American nation", but it is extremely variegated in ethnic composition. The same can be said for Australia, New Zealand and Canada, whose lands were settled by expats from all over the world. At the same time, even in such a seemingly monolithic country as Poland, there are Silesians, Kashubians, Lemkos and other groups.

Language and nationality

One of the markers by which you can determine a person's belonging to a particular nation is his language. In the population census, this factor is at the forefront. If we are also guided by this marker, then the question of how many nationalities in the world can be answered: from two and a half to five thousand. Why is there such a huge spread in numbers? Because we are faced with a new difficulty: what is language? Is it a dialect, a dialect used by a certain ethnic community? But it is also not entirely correct to determine the nationality of a person by language. After all, not all Jews know Hebrew. And he almost died, and now the government is making incredible efforts to revive it. The inhabitants of the "Green Island" speak English, but do not consider themselves British.

Appearance and nationality

An even more shaky way is to determine the ethnicity of an individual by his physiological characteristics. What can we say about a person's appearance? If he has blonde hair and blue eyes, then he can be equally successful as a Swede, and a Russian or Pole. You can, of course, talk about the Scandinavian, Mediterranean, Latin American, but all this does not give us an idea of ​​how a representative of the "titular nation" should look like. Moreover, with the dominant gene of brunettes, blondes gradually "die out". The nationalities of the world, whose representatives inhabited the lands previously known as the countries of the fair-haired people (Bulgaria, the states on the Balkan Peninsula, Italy, Georgia), after the Turkish conquest, noticeably "turned dark". So it is not possible to define an ethnic group by its appearance. Although, of course, there are certain facial features that are often found in representatives of a particular nationality.

Formation of ethnic groups

All nationalities of the world have come a long way in their historical development. Ancient tribes entered into military-trade alliances and lived in close proximity for a long time. From this, certain differences were erased, the dialects became closer, forming one language. Can be cited as an example of the ancient Romans. In addition to the Latins who inhabited the region along the banks of the Tiber, the Veneti, Avzones, Lucans, Oskans, Messapas, Piena, Umbras and Falisques took part in the formation of the people. And their dialects still exist! The huge Roman Empire, which included many nationalities, disintegrated in the Middle Ages. Latin - the official language of the ancient state - gave impetus to the formation of the Romance languages: Italian, French, Spanish. Awareness of the multitude by one community in the composition of the state gives rise to a nation.

Natural assimilation

Not all nationalities of the countries of the world have survived to this day. A smaller nationality surrounded by a larger one runs the risk of losing its identity, especially if it is included in the state, where this largest nationality is considered the "titular nation". This happened in the USSR. The first census, carried out in 1926, found that the state was home to 178 nationalities. In 1956, there were only 109 of them. And there were 91 large nationalities, which numbered more than ten thousand people. Thus, in less than thirty years, the number of ethnic groups has significantly decreased. Of course, not everyone became Russian. Adjarians, Lazes, Svans and Mingrelians began to associate themselves with Georgians; Kuraminians, Turks and Kipchaks began to consider themselves Uzbeks. Thus, if the cultural characteristics of small peoples are not supported, there is a serious risk that they will disappear.

Forced assimilation

Sometimes governments, wary of separatist sentiments, pursue a policy aimed at deliberately destroying the nationality as such. They do not kill members of the ethnic minority, but they carry out targeted assimilation measures. For example, in Poland after World War II, all Lemkos were taken out of their places of compact residence and settled in small groups in other regions of the country. In the south of France, for a long time, schoolchildren were punished if they began to speak the local Occitan dialect. Only from the eighties of the twentieth century, under public pressure, optional courses were opened to study the almost disappeared dialect. Since the world's small nationalities are already inclined to dissolve into large ones, assimilating them forcibly is a violation of human rights.

How many nationalities are there in the world?

Nobody knows that. According to various sources, the nationalities of the peoples of the world can number from four and a half to six thousand. The total number of languages ​​and dialects ranges from two and a half to five thousand. But there are also tribes that do not make contact with the civilized world (the so-called un-contacted people). How many such tribes are still found in Africa, the Amazon Valley? It is also quite difficult to determine the line between ethnicity, nationality and nationality. But there is also a different opinion about the larger communities. It is believed that a nation is a purely political construct. This theory is gaining more and more adherents in modern society.

Beautiful nationalities of the world: list

Assimilation, of course, can lead to the disappearance of an ethnos. But mixing blood only improves the gene pool. The so-called mestizos have always amazed with their beauty and talents. Let us recall, for example, the Russian poet A.S. Pushkin, in whose veins Slavic and African blood flowed. If we talk not about certain individuals, but about large groups of people, then the same relationship can be traced here. The most beautiful community is the one in which different nationalities of the world have mixed, as in a crucible. So, the countries of Latin America amaze with the abundance of beauties and angel-like men. Indeed, local Indian tribes, Spaniards and people from Africa took part in the formation of the Costa Ricans, Brazilians and Colombians. Citizens of the former USSR are also not bad at all, since many of them were born as a result of mixed inter-ethnic marriages.

Where do the most beautiful girls live?

This question worries not only the stronger sex. Of course, everyone has their own standard of beauty, but are there any Miss Universe contests? Let's do a little statistical analysis to find out in which country the most beautiful women in the world are most often found. The nationality of the charming winner is not taken into account by the jury. But we will consider a charming girl as a representative of the “titular nation”.

So, according to polls made by various men's and women's magazines, Brazilians are in first place in beauty. After all, this Latin American country is real. Here you can meet both an irresistible blonde and a charming black woman. Many immigrants from Asia gave the Brazilian women the languor of the Japanese orchid and almond-shaped eyes. If you like tall blondes, then feel free to go to Sweden for them. Argentines are in third place. The fourth position is held by the Ukrainians, and the fifth - by the Russians.

Where do the most beautiful men in the world by nationality live?

A selection of super attractive machoes from different countries was made by the tourist portal Travelers Digest. He has done his own research to properly guide single ladies on romantic getaways. So what happened? What nationalities in the world gave birth to the most Apollo?

The portal warns that it assessed not only the external data of men, but also their good manners, the level of intelligence, the ability to look after a lady. Swedes, residents of New York and Amsterdam are in the lead in this list. The top ten includes Portuguese, Argentines, Australians, Spaniards, Germans, Italians and Israelis. But girls often notice that the portal was wrong. In their opinion, residents of Latin American countries, Spaniards, Italians and Turks are more attractive.

Do you know how many peoples are in the world? Probably, few people will be able to accurately answer this question, even among scientists and historians. In Russia alone, there are 194 positions of the peoples of the world (the list goes on and on). All people on Earth are completely different, and this is the biggest advantage.

General classification

Of course, everyone is interested in quantitative data. If you collect all the peoples of the world, the list will be endless. It is much easier to classify them according to certain criteria. First of all, this is done depending on what language people speak within the same territory or some cultural traditions. An even more generalized category is language families.

Preserved over the centuries

Every nation, regardless of what history it has, is trying with all possible forces to prove that their ancestors built the Tower of Babel. It is flattering for everyone to think that he or she belongs to those roots that originate in a distant, distant time. But there are ancient peoples of the world (the list is attached), the prehistoric origin of which is beyond doubt.

Largest nations

There are many large peoples on Earth with the same historical roots. For example, there are 330 nations in the world with a million each. But those, where more than 100 million people (in each) - only eleven. Consider the list of peoples of the world by number:

1. Chinese - 1.17 million
2. Hindus - 265 million people.
3. Bengalis - 225 million
4. Americans (USA) - 200 million people.
5. Brazilians - 175 million
6. Russians - 140 million people.
7. Japanese - 125 million
8. Punjabis - 115 million people.
9. Bihars - 115 million people.
10. Mexicans - 105 million
11. Javanese - 105 million people.

Unity in diversity

Another classification characteristic that makes it possible to distinguish between the population of the world is in three This is Caucasian, Mongoloid and Negroid. Some Western historians point out a little more, but these races still became derived from the three main ones.

In the modern world, there are a large number of contact races. This led to the emergence of new peoples of the world. The list has not yet been provided by scientists, because no one has been engaged in an accurate classification. Here are some examples. The Uralic group of peoples originated from the mixing of some branches of the northern Caucasians and northern Mongoloids. The entire population of southern insular Asia arose as a result of the relationship between the Mongoloids and the Australoids.

Endangered ethnic groups

There are peoples of the world on Earth (the list is attached), the number of which is several hundred people. These are dying out ethnic groups that are trying to preserve their identity.

conclusions

Can be interpreted in different ways. Some will argue that this population is within the state, others will insist that it does not matter where people live, the main thing is that they are united by some common features that determine their belonging to the same historical sources. Still others will consider that the people is an ethnos that has existed for centuries, but has worn out over the years. In any case, all people on Earth are very diverse and it is a pleasure to study them.