Ethnic composition of the population of Russia. How many peoples live on the territory of Russia. The largest peoples in the world in persons How many peoples and nationalities in the world

Every day leaving home and going to work, to the store or just for a walk, I am faced with the fact that a large number of people on the streets of the city have a variety of nationalities. I think you also noticed this feature, especially if, like me, you live in one of the megalopolises of Russia, for example, in Moscow or St. Petersburg. Today I will try to answer your question: “ What peoples live in Russia?».

Peoples living in Russia

No wonder they say that Russia is a multinational country, I completely agree with this expression. I myself have enough friends and acquaintances, colleagues and even relatives who are representatives of other countries and peoples. The good news is that if you believe their words, then we can conclude that the attitude of the indigenous people towards them in the vast majority of cases is extremely benevolent. My Ukrainian neighbor says that he does not feel any sidelong glances at his work, even after the conflict between our countries. And this is definitely pleasing, since my personal opinion is that all people, regardless of race or religion, should live in complete peace and harmony, we are people, not savages! I also noticed a tendency that people have recently started actively make friends, and at the present time in the same company of people you can often see representatives several nationalities at once.

Representatives of various peoples with whom I communicate

Considering that the percentage of Russian people living in Russia is about 80%, also lives in our country more than 190 other nationalities... I have no desire to write out official statistics once again, I'd rather try to tell by my own example who I personally have to deal with almost every day, living in Moscow.

• Azerbaijanis... In two neighboring apartments on my floor, there are two large wonderful families of this people, I often greet and communicate with them.

• Ukrainians... One of my neighbors is Ukrainian, like five of my colleagues. Only positive communication with everyone.

• Armenians... Extremely pleasant and polite people who have always been famous for their hospitality.

• Bashkirs... Being classmates in the past, we are still happy to keep in touch.

• Chechens... I have several distant relatives of representatives of this people. We communicate with pleasure.

I would like to wish all readers to be wiser and think with their own heads, and not public opinion, often imposed on us by politicians. Remember - there are no bad or good people, there are only bad and good people!

Modern science is not yet able to answer the question of what is the exact number of peoples on Earth and how many of them are nations, nationalities and other types of ethnic groups. Most often, ethnographers determine the total number of peoples on the planet in the range from 2200 to 2400.
Only 24 of them have more than 50 million people. And out of twenty-four, nine represent India.

The largest people on Earth are the Chinese (self-name - Han), of which there are currently 1 billion 310 million people. This makes up 19% of the total population of our planet.
Chinese actor and director Jackie Chan

In second place among the largest peoples of the Earth are the Arabs, who currently number about 350 million people.
Arab actor Omar Sharif

In third place among the largest peoples of the Earth are the Hindustans, but they can be called a single people only conditionally. Hindustans are a group of ethnic groups in India who are united by the unity of the language - Hindi. Currently, over 330 million people speak Western and Eastern Hindi dialects.
Indian actor Amitabh Bachchan, Hindustan by nationality

The fourth largest population among the peoples of the Earth is occupied by the Americans of the United States (314 million people). Americans are a group of national groups of different origins who are citizens of the United States and bearers of American culture, as a result of which they claim to be called a single people.
US President Barack Obama with his family

In fifth place among the largest peoples of the planet are the Bengalis - the main population of the state of Bangladesh and the state of West Bengal in India. The total number of Bengalis in the world is over 250 million (about 150 million in Bangladesh and about 100 million in India).
Indian writer and poet Rabindranath Tagore, Bengali by nationality

In sixth place among the largest peoples of the Earth are the Brazilians (193 million people) - a nation that was formed in the same way as the American nation - by mixing different ethnic groups.
Brazilian Fashion Model Camila Alves

The seventh largest people on Earth are Russians, of whom there are about 150 million people in the world, of which 116 million live in Russia, 8.3 million in Ukraine, 3.8 million in Kazakhstan. Russians are the largest people in Europe.
19th century Russian writer Leo Tolstoy

Miss World 2008 Ksenia Sukhinova

The eighth largest people on the planet are Mexicans, of whom there are 147 million people in the world, of which 112 million people. live in Mexico and 32 million in the United States.
Mexican Jimena Navarrete - Miss Universe 2010

The ninth largest people in the world are Japanese (130 million people).
Japanese actress Kyoko Fukada

Punjabis are at the bottom of the ten largest peoples of the Earth. In total, there are 120 million Punjabis in the world, of which 76 million. lives in Pakistan and 29 million - in India.
Indian actor Hrithik Roshan, Punjabi

In total, there are 11 nations in the world, the number of which exceeds 100 million people. These peoples, in addition to the above, also include the Bihar people, who mainly live in the Indian state of Bihar. There are 105 million Bihars in the world.
Indian actress Sonakshi Sinha of Bihar nationality

The 12th largest people in the world are the Javanese (85 million people), the indigenous population of the island of Java in Indonesia.
Javanka Megawati Sukarnoputri, 5th President of Indonesia

The 13th largest people on the planet are Koreans. In total, there are 81 million Koreans in the world, of whom 50 million live in South Korea and 24 million in North Korea.
South Korean actors Song Seung Heon (left) and Song Hye Kyo

The 14th largest people in the world - the Marathi (80 million people) - the main population of the Indian state of Maharashtra.
Indian actress Madhuri Dixit from the Maratha people

The 15th largest people on Earth are the Tamils, of which there are 77 million people in the world, of which 63 million live in India.
Indian chess player Viswanathan Anand (Tamil nationality), reigning world chess champion.

There are approximately the same number of Vietnamese (Vietnamese) in the world as Tamils ​​(77 million people).
Truong Tri Truc Diem (born 1987) - singer, actress, UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador. She has twice represented Vietnam at international beauty contests: in 2007 she took part in the Miss Earth pageant, and in 2011 - in the Miss International pageant.

Another big nation is the Germans. There are 75 million Germans in Germany. If we also count people of German origin, then we get a more impressive figure - 150 million people. For example, in the United States, 60 million people are of German descent, making them the largest ethnic group among Americans.
German actress Diane Kruger

The Telugu people, the main population of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, also have at least 75 million.
Indian spiritual master Jiddu Krishnamurti, Telugu nationality.

About 70 million people are Thais - the main population of Thailand.
Thai Piyaporn Deejin Miss Thailand 2008

Turks account for about 65 million people.
Tuba Büyüküstün is a Turkish actress.

Also at least 65 million people are Gujaratis - the main population of the Indian state of Gujarat.
Indian politician Mahatma Gandhi, Gujaratian

One of the largest peoples in Europe and the world is the French (64 million people).
Catherine Deneuve - French actress

Another European nation, one of the largest nations in the world, is the Italians. Italy is home to 60 million Italians
Claudia Cardinale - Italian actress

There are about 60 million Sindhi people. 53.5 million Sindhi live in Pakistan and about 6 million Sindhi live in India.
Former Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto of the Sindhi people.

Do you know how many nationalities there are in the world? The answer to this question is not as easy as it seems at first glance. There are many contradictions in the understanding of the very term "nationality". What is it? Linguistic community? Citizenship? This article will be devoted to bringing some clarity to the problems of the world's nationalities. We will also look at what ethnic groups give rise to beauties and attractive men. Naturally, nationalities can disappear, assimilate. And the individual in our age of globalization can be the product of a mixture of different ethnic groups. And it is often difficult for a person to answer the question of who he is by nationality. But if we talk about large groups of people, then here we can single out several factors by which ethnicity is determined.

Citizenship and nationality

First, not all powers are monolithic in the ethnic composition of their populations. And even if we do not take into account the presence of migrants, the so-called "citizens of the first generation", then even then we cannot say that there are one hundred and ninety-two nationalities in the world. The list of states (namely, there are so many of them on the political map) does not give us an idea of ​​the numerous ethnic groups inhabiting these very countries. For example, representatives of more than one hundred and eighty nationalities live in the Russian Federation. And North and South Korea is inhabited by one people, divided by a demarcation line due to political strife. There is a concept of "American nation", but it is extremely variegated in ethnic composition. The same can be said for Australia, New Zealand and Canada, whose lands were settled by expats from all over the world. At the same time, even in such a seemingly monolithic country as Poland, there are Silesians, Kashubians, Lemkos and other groups.

Language and nationality

One of the markers by which you can determine a person's belonging to a particular nation is his language. In the population census, this factor is at the forefront. If we are also guided by this marker, then the question of how many nationalities in the world can be answered: from two and a half to five thousand. Why is there such a huge spread in numbers? Because we are faced with a new difficulty: what is language? Is it a dialect, a dialect used by a certain ethnic community? But it is also not entirely correct to determine the nationality of a person by language. After all, not all Jews know Hebrew. And he almost died, and now the government is making incredible efforts to revive it. The inhabitants of the "Green Island" speak English, but do not consider themselves British.

Appearance and nationality

An even more shaky way is to determine the ethnicity of an individual by his physiological characteristics. What can we say about a person's appearance? If he has blonde hair and blue eyes, then he can be equally successful as a Swede, and a Russian or Pole. You can, of course, talk about the Scandinavian, Mediterranean, Latin American, but all this does not give us an idea of ​​how a representative of the "titular nation" should look like. Moreover, with the dominant gene of brunettes, blondes gradually "die out". The nationalities of the world, whose representatives inhabited the lands previously known as the countries of the fair-haired people (Bulgaria, the states on the Balkan Peninsula, Italy, Georgia), after the Turkish conquest, noticeably "turned dark". So it is not possible to define an ethnic group by its appearance. Although, of course, there are certain facial features that are often found in representatives of a particular nationality.

Formation of ethnic groups

All nationalities of the world have come a long way in their historical development. Ancient tribes entered into military-trade alliances and lived in close proximity for a long time. From this, certain differences were erased, the dialects became closer, forming one language. Can be cited as an example of the ancient Romans. In addition to the Latins who inhabited the region along the banks of the Tiber, the Veneti, Avzones, Lucans, Oskans, Messapas, Piena, Umbras and Falisques took part in the formation of the people. And their dialects still exist! The huge Roman Empire, which included many nationalities, disintegrated in the Middle Ages. Latin - the official language of the ancient state - gave impetus to the formation of the Romance languages: Italian, French, Spanish. Awareness of the multitude by one community in the composition of the state gives rise to a nation.

Natural assimilation

Not all nationalities of the countries of the world have survived to this day. A smaller nationality surrounded by a larger one runs the risk of losing its identity, especially if it is included in the state, where this largest nationality is considered the "titular nation". This happened in the USSR. The first census, carried out in 1926, found that the state was home to 178 nationalities. In 1956, there were only 109 of them. And there were 91 large nationalities, which numbered more than ten thousand people. Thus, in less than thirty years, the number of ethnic groups has significantly decreased. Of course, not everyone became Russian. Adjarians, Lazes, Svans and Mingrelians began to associate themselves with Georgians; Kuraminians, Turks and Kipchaks began to consider themselves Uzbeks. Thus, if the cultural characteristics of small peoples are not supported, there is a serious risk that they will disappear.

Forced assimilation

Sometimes governments, wary of separatist sentiments, pursue a policy aimed at deliberately destroying the nationality as such. They do not kill members of the ethnic minority, but they carry out targeted assimilation measures. For example, in Poland after World War II, all Lemkos were taken out of their places of compact residence and settled in small groups in other regions of the country. In the south of France, for a long time, schoolchildren were punished if they began to speak the local Occitan dialect. Only from the eighties of the twentieth century, under public pressure, optional courses were opened to study the almost disappeared dialect. Since the world's small nationalities are already inclined to dissolve into large ones, assimilating them forcibly is a violation of human rights.

How many nationalities are there in the world?

Nobody knows that. According to various sources, the nationalities of the peoples of the world can number from four and a half to six thousand. The total number of languages ​​and dialects ranges from two and a half to five thousand. But there are also tribes that do not make contact with the civilized world (the so-called un-contacted people). How many such tribes are still found in Africa, the Amazon Valley? It is also quite difficult to determine the line between ethnicity, nationality and nationality. But there is also a different opinion about the larger communities. It is believed that a nation is a purely political construct. This theory is gaining more and more adherents in modern society.

Beautiful nationalities of the world: list

Assimilation, of course, can lead to the disappearance of an ethnos. But mixing blood only improves the gene pool. The so-called mestizos have always amazed with their beauty and talents. Let us recall, for example, the Russian poet A.S. Pushkin, in whose veins Slavic and African blood flowed. If we talk not about certain individuals, but about large groups of people, then the same relationship can be traced here. The most beautiful community is the one in which different nationalities of the world have mixed, as in a crucible. So, the countries of Latin America amaze with the abundance of beauties and angel-like men. Indeed, local Indian tribes, Spaniards and people from Africa took part in the formation of the Costa Ricans, Brazilians and Colombians. Citizens of the former USSR are also not bad at all, since many of them were born as a result of mixed inter-ethnic marriages.

Where do the most beautiful girls live?

This question worries not only the stronger sex. Of course, everyone has their own standard of beauty, but are there any Miss Universe contests? Let's do a little statistical analysis to find out in which country the most beautiful women in the world are most often found. The nationality of the charming winner is not taken into account by the jury. But we will consider a charming girl as a representative of the “titular nation”.

So, according to polls made by various men's and women's magazines, Brazilians are in first place in beauty. After all, this Latin American country is real. Here you can meet both an irresistible blonde and a charming black woman. Many immigrants from Asia gave the Brazilian women the languor of the Japanese orchid and almond-shaped eyes. If you like tall blondes, then feel free to go to Sweden for them. Argentines are in third place. The fourth position is held by the Ukrainians, and the fifth - by the Russians.

Where do the most beautiful men in the world by nationality live?

A selection of super attractive machoes from different countries was made by the tourist portal Travelers Digest. He has done his own research to properly guide single ladies on romantic getaways. So what happened? What nationalities in the world gave birth to the most Apollo?

The portal warns that it assessed not only the external data of men, but also their good manners, the level of intelligence, the ability to look after a lady. Swedes, residents of New York and Amsterdam are in the lead in this list. The top ten includes Portuguese, Argentines, Australians, Spaniards, Germans, Italians and Israelis. But girls often notice that the portal was wrong. In their opinion, residents of Latin American countries, Spaniards, Italians and Turks are more attractive.

All humanity on Earth is usually divided into races. There are four main races: Caucasian, Mongoloid, Negroid and Australoid. Representatives of the Caucasian race inhabit the East and West, representatives of the Mongoloid race are most often found in, Negroids inhabit, and Australoids are settled in the southeast of Asia, and Australia. The presence of Caucasians in North and, is associated with their resettlement during the era of colonial conquests. Negroids in the Americas appeared in the era of the slave system, when they were brought here to work on plantations.

It is wrong to think that the entire population of the world belongs to these races. They make up only 70% of the total, and the other 30% are racial groups that have arisen from the mixture of these four races. Especially intense racial mixing took place in the Americas. As a result of the marriages of representatives of different races, groups such as mulattoes, mestizos and sambo arose. Descendants from marriages of Caucasians with Indians belonging to the Mongoloid race are called mestizo. Mulattos arose when the Caucasians were mixed with the Negroids brought from Africa. As a result of the marriages of Negroids with Indians (Mongoloids), Sambo groups were formed.

Within the races, smaller groups are distinguished: tribes, nationalities, nations. In the modern world, 3-4 thousand different peoples are distinguished. The number of each of them is different. For example, the Chinese, of which there are already more than 1.1 billion, and the Vedda tribe in, which number is less than 1000 people. The bulk of the world's population is still large in numbers.

As a rule, the commonality of each of the ethnic groups is characterized by a combination of a large number of features, the main of which are the territory, peculiarities of life, culture, and language. The classification of different peoples by language is based on the principle of their relationship. Languages ​​are grouped into language families, and they, in turn, are divided into language groups. The most common of all language families is Indo-European. About half of all the peoples of the world speak the languages ​​of this family. Of the languages ​​of the Indo-European family, the most common are English (425 million people), Hindi (350 million people), Spanish (340 million people), Russian (290 million people), Bengali (185 million people), Portuguese (175 million people), German (120 million people), French (129 million people).

The second significant language family is Sino-Tibetan, the main language of which is Chinese (over 1 billion people). There are several main dialects in the Chinese language, the differences between which are so great that when speaking the inhabitants of the northern and southern provinces hardly understand each other. For explanation, they use a single writing system, which has 50 thousand characters. Each character in the Chinese language is pronounced in a specific musical tone. Depending on the tone, many words spoken with the same sounds can have completely different meanings.

The wide spread of the Chinese and Russian languages ​​is explained by the significance of the territory of these states. But why are English and Spanish so common? Their wide distribution, sharply surpassing the population itself, is explained by the colonial past of the countries of Asia, Africa, etc. So, until now, the state language of some is English, and almost everyone (except) speaks Spanish.

National criteria underlie the division of humanity into states. If national borders coincide with state ones, then a single-national state is created. This is about half. In them, the main nationality is over 90%. These are many states of Latin America. Sometimes a state is created by two nations. It , . Along with all these countries, there are many states that are multinational. It , . Up to a hundred peoples live in such countries, and very often such a state has a federal structure.

In many multinational states, there are problems of interethnic relations, which in many regions of the world are very acute and from time to time give rise to hot spots on our planet, which often leads to dire consequences in economic and social life.

In the modern world, there are still manifestations of nationalism, which is characterized by the idea of ​​national superiority of any people. Both racial and national have not been completely eliminated. Thus, for many years the conflicts in Canada between the Anglo-Canadians, who occupy key positions in the economy, and the French-Canadians, who feel their social and economic infringement and advocate the creation of an independent state, do not subside; For several years, the Middle East hotbed of tension associated with the Arab confrontation and giving rise to the problem of Palestinian refugees has not faded. There are also “hot spots” in Europe: the Turkish-Greek conflict, which actually led to the division of this one. There are also "hot spots" associated with national conflicts in the republics of the former USSR.

National conflicts are most acute in where the policy of discrimination was raised to the rank of state until the beginning of the 90s.

At the end of the 1980s, interethnic relations in Eastern Europe also became very complicated. These include, in particular:

a) the desire of the Polish national minority (about 260 thousand people, or 8% of the country's population) to create their own autonomy;

e) the collapse of Yugoslavia.

It is quite obvious that without solving these and other similar problems, it is difficult to develop normal relations between countries.

The largest language families in the world

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• World population. Ethno-demographic reference book, S. I. Brook. The handbook provides data (as of mid-1978) on the world's population: fertility and mortality, marital status, marriages, divorces, age composition, sex structure ...