Dictionary from Bashkir to Russian exact translation. International Student Scientific Bulletin

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The Bashkir language is called native by about one and a half million citizens. Native speakers of this language live mainly in, as well as in, and some other regions of Russia. In a multilingual environment, the Bashkirs in the vast majority of cases speak one more (Russian) or several languages.

In total, about 1.2 million people in the world know the Bashkir language, the majority are ethnic Bashkirs. This language is spoken by the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan. In 2009, the Bashkir language was listed as vulnerable due to its limited use. The Bashkir language belongs to the family of Turkic languages ​​and is divided into eastern, southern and northwestern dialects. Bashkir differs from most Turkic languages ​​in some phonetic features.

History of the Bashkir language

The ancestors of the Bashkirs were part of the Golden Horde and in the period from the 14th to the 19th centuries. used the common language of the Turks, giving it national characteristics. The modern Bashkir language was formed from the eastern and southern dialects under the influence of folklore and fiction.

In the XVI-XVIII centuries. elements of the Russian language began to enter the Turkic language of the Bashkirs. In 1781, a handwritten dictionary of the Bashkir language appeared, and in 1842 the Tatar Grammar was published, which included sections on the colloquial and book speech of the Bashkirs. In 1892, the first Bashkir primer based on the Cyrillic alphabet was printed.

By the beginning of the last century, the modern Bashkir language was formed, combining the features of the southern and eastern dialects. The basis of the literary language was the Kuvakan dialect, more distant from the Tatar language than others. Since 1922, a commission began to operate, which developed the alphabet and spelling of the language. In 1923, a script based on Arabic letters was adopted. In 1930–1950 the literary Bashkir language developed at an accelerated pace, and after this period, the main styles were established and the norms of the language stabilized.

At present, an academic explanatory dictionary of the Bashkir language is being compiled in Bashkortostan in 11 volumes. The national language is taught in schools, and departments of the Bashkir language and literature have been created at the Faculty of Philology. The language is used in public administration and the media.

Writing

The Bashkirs converted to Islam in the 10th century. and along with this, Arabic script entered their writing. The first monuments of Bashkir writing date back to the 14th century. From 1929 to 1939, the Latin alphabet was used, after which the letters of the Russian language came into use, supplemented by three vowels and six consonants.

• Since 1905, the works of Bashkir authors in newspapers and magazines have been published in the Turkic language, since 1910 - in Tatar, since 1912 - in a mixed Tatar-Bashkir language. And only since 1924, publications in periodicals began to appear in literary Bashkir.
• Bashkortostan respects the national and world literary heritage. Museums of Salavat Yulaev, M. Gafuri, S. Aksakov were opened in the republic. Monuments to Pushkin, Mayakovsky, Salavat Yulaev, M. Akmulla, M. Gafuri and others were erected.
• Bashkir translators are working on translations of fiction. Work is underway to translate the Bible into Bashkir. But the profession of a translator in Bashkiria is almost not in demand, since there are practically no orders for translations from the Bashkir language.
• In recent years, corporate histories and annals of the cities of Bashkortostan have become the most popular form of publications. For example, in 2013, the Encyclopedia of OAO Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat went out of print.

We guarantee acceptable quality, as the texts are translated directly, without the use of a buffer language, using the technology

1

Kaipkulova A.A. one

1 BSU

1. Asadullina F.F., Sakhipova Z.G. Russian-Bashkir educational dictionary. - Ufa: "Kitap", 1997. - 336 p.

2. Bystrova E.A. Educational-phraseological dictionary of the Russian language. - L .: Education, 1984. - 271 p.

3. Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language. - M .: LLC "Publishing house Onyx", 2005. - 1200 p.

4. Terekhova V.G. Theory and practice of translation. - M., 2004. - 455 p.

5. http://window.edu. History of the Bashkir language.

This article presents material on the theory and practice of translation from Bashkir into Russian and from Russian into Bashkir. Specific examples of translation of texts in various areas are considered and the main methods of translation are characterized. The task is aimed at developing the skills and abilities of translation of fiction.

Let's start by defining the meaning of the word "translation". A translation is a text translated from one language into another. Why do you need to be able to translate? In order to expand, to interest the circle of readers. The work of a translator is facilitated by dictionaries. The first printed dictionary appeared in 1596 as an appendix to the grammar of the famous philologist of that time, the priest Lavrenty Zizania. It contains 1061 words arranged alphabetically. The interpretation of Old Church Slavonicisms and borrowings from Western European languages ​​is given in it through the words of the living Belarusian, Ukrainian, Russian languages ​​of that time.

In this scientific article, we are interested in the rules of translation from Russian into Bashkir, and vice versa. For a long time, linguists were practically not interested in the issue of translations from the Bashkir language into other languages. There were few translations, mainly of fiction and scientific literature, and mostly from Russian into Bashkir. The volume of translations made in the opposite direction was scanty, and translations from Bashkir into other languages ​​were not carried out at all. The situation changed in the early 1990s.

It is quite obvious that translation is impossible without knowledge of the foundations of the theory of language, which deals with lexical and grammatical categories. The Bashkir language is characterized by an agglutinative structure: numerous word-forming suffixes are attached to the stems of words, changing their lexical and grammatical meaning. Each suffix has only one grammatical meaning. With the help of suffixes, categories of possessiveness, number, case, etc. are expressed.

When translating, mistakes are made mainly because people try to translate a Russian word with a Bashkir word, a Russian phrase with a Bashkir phrase, a Russian sentence with a Bashkir sentence. It is impossible to translate a word in isolation from the context, that is, a literal or literal translation is not yet a translation. Let's consider the simplest example. Take the word "table". This is a multi-valued word. The dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov gives the following interpretation: table - 1) a piece of furniture in the form of a wide horizontal board on high supports, legs (to dine at the table); 2) food, food (meat table); 3) a branch in an institution that owns some special group of cases (reference desk); 4) in ancient Russia: throne, reign, Kyiv table. This means that the word "table" into the Bashkir language should also be translated differently. For example, өҫtәl (desk - yaҙyu ҩҫtәle), ashau (dietary table - tuҡlanyu diets), bulmә (reference desk - beleshmә bulmaһе), etc. Thus, in different cases, the Russian word “table” in the Bashkir language will correspond to different words. On the other hand, the Bashkir word in different contexts will also correspond to different words of the Russian language. Using the example of the poem of Nazar, press the word "yәzhen" ./ MөxәBBәT - ul, әyterһeң Dә, Utona Yәshen, / һAnap-һPep Tormay һis Ber Keddeң yәshen, / һнмәҫ Yalҡyn Menәn Yalmai ҡartne-yәәn! / Kөyҙөrөr Type ҡҡҡһң әHәR , yashen, /Ҡoya kүrmә tik aҙаҡtan үҙең yashen. /Мөхәббат - st, аyterһen dә, utly yashen./ Conversion is widely developed in the Bashkir language. In this poem, we observe the process of transition from one part of speech to another. In the first line, the word “yashen” is translated as lightning (noun), in the second it means age, years, year (noun); in the third - young, youth (noun, adjective), in the fourth - to hide (verb), and in the fifth it is translated as a tear (noun).

When translating, inattention to the context leads to gross errors. For example, the word “put” in different combinations takes on different meanings. To put a thermometer - to measure with a thermometer, a thermometer ҡuiyu - a thermometer menәn үlсәү; to make a diagnosis - to determine the diagnosis, diagnosis ҡuiyu - diagnoses bildalәү; put a question - ask a question, horau kuyyu - horau bireu. But in more stable combinations, the word “set” cannot be replaced by another word, since the whole combination becomes equivalent to one word. To put in appearance - to blame - sheltәlәү, to stake - to take risks - ҡurҡynys aҫtyna ҡuyyu, to put up barriers - to hinder - ҡamasaulau, ҡarshylyҡ tyuҙыryu, to put high - appreciate - baһalau, һanlau. Very often, such combinations already have ready-made tracing papers and are an exact translation, although in this case there is no correspondence with the words of the original.

Of particular difficulty are the rules according to which certain suffixes are added to words. The choice of suffixes is carried out depending on which letter the stem of the word ends with. Therefore, the translator must thoroughly know the rules for applying each suffix in order to correctly translate. For example, the Bashkir language has a strict order of suffixes in a word: root + plural suffix + affiliation suffix + case ending.

When declensing plural nouns, suffixes are added after the plural suffix. All predicative suffixes are applicable to both nouns and verbs: Beҙ studentbyҙ- We are students; Beҙ uҡyybyҙ- We are learning [2, 43].

When translating a text from Russian into Bashkir, the translator's work is facilitated by the fact that there is no generic variety in the Bashkir language. For example: the boy read - Malay uҡygan, the girl read - ҡyҙ uҡyғan. In the first phrase, the verb is in the form of m.r., and in the second - in the form of f.r., and in the Bashkir version, the forms of the verbs are the same.

Thus, the difficulties in translating from the Bashkir language into Russian and into other non-Turkic languages ​​are based on differences in the linguistic system and the presence of dialects.

The ability to translate is an art that requires the ability to disperse attention so that, when dealing with particulars, you always have in mind the whole. And for this it is necessary to clearly imagine its structure, its plan. The plan is an absolutely necessary part of the translation. This action, its beginning, perception. When translating, the text must be divided into simple parts, each of which represents something whole, i.e. complete parts.

Bibliographic link

Kaipkulova A.A. MAIN PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION FROM THE BASHKIR LANGUAGE INTO RUSSIAN LANGUAGE // International Student Scientific Bulletin. - 2015. - No. 5-1 .;
URL: http://eduherald.ru/ru/article/view?id=12755 (date of access: 03/09/2019). We bring to your attention the journals published by the publishing house "Academy of Natural History"

The Bashkir language is spoken by the indigenous people of Bashkortostan. In this republic, Bashkir and Russian are recognized as state languages, the first one acquired this status in 1921. It is used in the media, it is taught in primary and secondary schools, and in universities - humanitarian subjects are taught at the philological departments.

Written translation cost

Simple Theme*

• Translation from Bashkir into Russian - 560 rubles
• Translation from Russian to Bashkir - 630 rubles

Difficult topic*

• Translation from Bashkir to Russian - 700 rubles
• Translation from Russian to Bashkir - 840 rubles

Cost of translation of personal documents

Cost of interpretation

Translation into Bashkir

Tatar is considered the closest to Bashkir. Both of them belong to the Turkic family, being part of the Kypchak language group, which goes back to a single ancient Kypchak language. It distinguishes three dialects: southern, eastern and northwestern. The latter was greatly influenced by Tatar. Translation into the Bashkir language is quite laborious and complicated, but the specialists of the Martin bureau carry it out at the most professional level.

Translation of the Bashkir text

From the tenth century, when Islam was adopted by the Bashkirs, until 1928, there was a written language based on the Arabic alphabet. For the next ten years in Bashkortostan, they tried to instill the Latin alphabet.

Since 1939, it was proposed to take the Russian alphabet with additions for the basis of writing. Reform proposals are also currently being made, which should be taken into account when translating.

So, since 1999, a reform has been carried out in the republic, the purpose of which is to introduce the Tatar alphabet in Latin writing. Only a qualified specialist can translate the Bashkir text.

Native speakers

The total number of native speakers today is 1223 thousand people. In 2009, he was given vulnerable status. It is usually assigned to languages ​​without a written language or not used in the media. The fact is that the scope of its use is quite narrow, although almost all young Bashkirs speak their national language. Most of the population considers Russian or Tatar native. Usually people are bilingual. This means that they use Bashkir and Russian equally, and sometimes they are trilingual (when they also know Chuvash or Tatar well).

We will complete your order for translation from Bashkir in the shortest possible time. The company employs qualified linguists with extensive experience. One of the main advantages of the bureau is that we cooperate with native speakers. That is why we guarantee high accuracy of order fulfillment.

In order to find out the details of cooperation and translation into the Bashkir language, please contact the specialists of the Martin bureau. Our contact details are listed on the website.

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