Composition: Metropolitan and local nobility in the novel by A. S. Pushkin Eugene Onegin. What is the similarity and difference between the metropolitan and local nobility in the novel "Eugene Onegin"? Onegin and the capital's noble society

Onegin and the capital's noble society. One day in the life of Onegin.

Lesson Objectives:

1. deepen students' understanding of the novel, of the era depicted in it;

2. determine how Pushkin relates to the nobility;

3. improve the skills of literary text analysis;

4. develop oral speech, the ability to highlight the main thing, to compare;

Interdisciplinary connections: history, art.

During the classes

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2. Repetition of previously studied material.

Before we start working on the topic of the lesson, let's divide into 2 groups. The pass ticket for students to the lesson is the correct answer to the blitz survey.

Find out which of the characters owns the words of the author: Onegin or Lensky?

“Having lived without a goal, without labor until the age of 26…”

“He had a sweet heart, an ignoramus…”

“It’s stupid for me to interfere with his momentary bliss…”

“He brought fruits of learning from foggy Germany ...”

“In love, being considered a disabled person ...”

"A fan of Kant and a poet...

“In short, the Russian melancholy took possession of him little by little ...”

“And black curls to the shoulders…”

“But hard work was sickening to him ...”

"He shared her amusements..."

3. Preparation for the perception of the topic of the lesson

Teacher's word:

Yes, the great Russian critic V.G. Belinsky did not accidentally name the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" "an encyclopedia of Russian life". Based on the novel, one can judge the era, study the life of Russia in the 10-20s of the 19th century. So, the topic of our lesson is: “The nobility in A. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin”.

Student's message "History of the noble class"

The images of the nobles occupy a central place in the novel "Eugene Onegin". Our main characters are representatives of the nobility. Pushkin truthfully depicts the environment in which the characters live.

3. Work on the topic of the lesson (novel analysis)

Teacher's word:

Pushkin described one day of Onegin, but in it he was able to generalize the whole life of the St. Petersburg nobility. Of course, such a life could not satisfy an intelligent, thinking person. We understand why Onegin was disappointed in the surrounding society, in life.

So, Petersburg life is hurried, bright and colorful, full of events.

At the balls, dramas of passions, intrigues were played out, deals were made, careers were arranged.

Class assignment.

1. How are Onegin's uncle and Tatyana's father represented? What traits of their character does Pushkin single out?

(good-natured lazy people, rural playboys of life;

the squalor of spiritual interests is characteristic; Larin was

“Good fellow”, he did not read books, he entrusted the household to his wife. Uncle Onegin "quarreled with the housekeeper, crushed flies")

Tell the story of Praskovia Larina's life.

What is the difference between heroes and Onegin?

4. Word of the teacher.

The subtopic of our lesson is "One day in the life of Onegin".

Let's set ourselves the following goals:

We must expressively read Chapter I and comment on it;

Determine the place of the chapter in the composition of the novel;

We will work on the image of Eugene Onegin, we will observe the life of the noble intelligentsia;

We will work thoughtfully, collected; to be able to draw up a plan in a notebook by the end of the lesson and answerproblem question:

“But was my Eugene happy?”

(An episode from the life of a hero: Onegin goes to the village to his dying uncle)

What is striking in the nature of the language in the first lines of the novel?

(unusual simplicity of narration, "conversational tone", ease of narration, one feels a good joke, irony).

4.- As we work with the text, we will composemental map :

Onegin Day

Walking along the boulevards (non-sleeping breguet)

Ball (noise, noise)

Lunch at a restaurant (foreign dishes)

Theater visit Return (double lorgnette)

5. Work in groups (The class is divided into 3 groups, each receives a task to search for information in the text)

Aimless walks along the boulevards .
The boulevard in the 19th century was located on Nevsky Prospekt. Before

14.00 - it was a place for a morning walk of people

vet society.

Lunch at a restaurant.
The description of the dinner emphasizes the list of dishes entirely.

non-Russian cuisine. Pushkin makes fun of the French

names-addictions to everything foreign

Output: These stanzas reflect the typical aspects of life.

Petersburg secular youth.

3. Visiting the theater.

Who remembers what Pushkin preferred in

period of Petersburg life? (habitue of the theater, connoisseur

and connoisseur of acting).

What does the poet say about theater and actors? (gives

description of the theatrical repertoire)

How does Pushkin ballet sing?(live pictures appear in the reader's imagination. The theater was located on Theater Square, on the site of the current Conservatory. The performance is at 17.00).

How does Onegin behave in the theater?(looks around casually, bows to the men, double lorgnette points at unfamiliar ladies).

Output: For the first time in the lines about Onegin, his weariness with life, his dissatisfaction with it, is mentioned).
VII. Commented reading beyond Chapter I.

1. Return home.
- Let's read the description of Onegin's office?

What kind of things are found here? (amber, bronze, porcelain, perfumes in cut crystal, combs, nail files, etc.)

Like listing dishes in a restaurant, Pushkin recreates the atmosphere of the life of a young man of St. Petersburg society.
2. Onegin goes to the ball.

When does Onegin return home? (“Already ... awakened by a drum,” these are the signals at 6.00 in the morning wake-up of soldiers in the barracks)
- The labor day of the big city begins. And Eugene Onegin's day had just come to an end.

- “And tomorrow again, like yesterday” ... This stanza summarizes a number of past paintings, indicating that the past day was an ordinary day for Onegin.
- The author asks the question: “But was my Eugene happy?”

And what happens to Onegin? (spleen, dissatisfaction with life,

boredom, monotony disappoints).

What was the hero trying to do? (began to read, tried to take up the pen,

but this increased the disappointment, caused a skeptical attitude towards everything)

Who is to blame that Onegin has become like that, knows nothing, is not busy with anything?

VIII. Lesson summary .
- What did we learn about the hero from Chapter I? (Learned about the origin, upbringing, education and lifestyle of the hero).
- We found out what environment surrounds him and shapes his views and tastes. Not only an individual hero is depicted, but a typical character of the era, this is the realism of the novel.
- The nature of Chapter I allows us to say that we have an exposition (introduction) of the novel. Ahead, obviously, there will be events, life clashes, and in them the personality of the hero will be revealed more fully, on a larger scale.

IX. Homework.

1. An expressive reading of Chapter II.

2. Make bookmarks in the text: the life of the Larins, the portrait of Olga, the image of Lensky.

In the novel "Eugene Onegin", Pushkin outlined the nobility with light strokes - the people in whose society Eugene Onegin revolved, and with whom, in addition to the main characters, he had to maintain relations and communicate. The metropolitan nobility was strikingly different from the provincial landowners who lived in the outback. This gap was all the more noticeable the less often the landowners traveled to the capital. The interests, level of culture, education of both were often at different levels.

The images of the landowners and the high-society nobility were only partly fictitious. Pushkin himself revolved in their environment, and most of the paintings depicted in the work were peeped at social events, balls, and dinners. The poet communicated with the provincial society during his forced exile in Mikhailovsky and during his stay in Boldino. Therefore, the life of the nobility, in the countryside, in Moscow and St. Petersburg, is depicted by poets with knowledge of the matter.

Provincial landed nobility

Along with the Larin family, other landowners also lived in the province. The reader gets acquainted with most of them at name days. But some touches-sketches to the portraits of neighbors-landlords can be seen in the second chapter, when Onegin settled in the village. Simple in their mental disposition, even somewhat primitive people tried to make friends with a new neighbor, but as soon as he saw the approaching droshky, he mounted his horse and left the back porch so as not to be noticed. The maneuver of the newly-minted landowner was noticed, and the neighbors, offended in their best intentions, stopped their attempts to make friendship with Onegin. Pushkin interestingly describes the reaction to the replacement of corvée with dues:

But in his corner pouted,
Seeing in this terrible harm,
His prudent neighbor;
The other smiled slyly,
And in a voice everyone decided so,
That he is the most dangerous eccentric.

The attitude of the nobles towards Onegin became hostile. Sharp-tongued gossip began to talk about him:

“Our neighbor is ignorant; crazy;
He is a pharmacist; he drinks one
A glass of red wine;
He does not fit the ladies' hands;
Everything Yes Yes No; won't say yes, sir
ile no with". That was the general voice.

Invented stories are able to show the level of intelligence and education of people. And since he left much to be desired, Lensky was also not enthusiastic about his neighbors, although out of courtesy he paid them visits. Although

Lords of neighboring villages
He didn't like feasts;

Some landowners, whose daughters were growing up, dreamed of getting a "rich neighbor" to be their son-in-law. And since Lensky did not seek to fall into someone's skillfully placed networks, he also began to visit his neighbors less and less:

He ran their noisy conversation.
Their conversation is prudent
About haymaking, about wine,
About the kennel, about your family.

In addition, Lensky was in love with Olga Larina and spent almost all his evenings in their family.

Almost all the neighbors came to Tatyana's name day:

With his stout wife
The fat Trifle has arrived;
Gvozdin, an excellent host,
Owner of poor men;

Here Pushkin is clearly being ironic. But, unfortunately, among the landowners there were many such Gvozdins, who ripped off their peasants like sticky.

Skotinins, gray-haired couple,
With children of all ages, counting
Thirty to two years;
County dandy Petushkov,
My cousin, Buyanov,
In down, in a cap with a visor
(As you, of course, know him),
And retired adviser Flyanov,
Heavy gossip, old rogue,
A glutton, a bribe taker and a jester.

XXVII

With the family of Panfil Kharlikov
Monsieur Triquet also arrived,
Wit, recently from Tambov,
With glasses and a red wig.

Pushkin does not need to spend long stanzas on characterizing the guests-landlords. The names spoke for themselves.

The celebration was attended not only by landlords representing several generations. The older generation was represented by the Skotinins, the gray-haired couple, they were clearly over 50, the retired adviser Flyanov, he was also well over 40. In each family there were children who made up the younger generation, who were happy with the regimental orchestra and dancing.

The provincial nobility tries to imitate the capital by arranging balls and holidays, but here everything is much more modest. If in St. Petersburg dishes prepared by French chefs from overseas products are offered, then in the provinces their own stocks are put on the table. The oversalted fatty pie was prepared by yard cooks, tinctures and liqueurs were made from berries and fruits picked in their own garden.

In the next chapter, which describes the preparation for the duel, the reader will meet another landowner

Zaretsky, once a brawler,
Ataman of the gambling gang,
The head of the rake, the tribune of the tavern,
Now kind and simple
The father of the family is single,
Reliable friend, peaceful landowner
And even an honest person.

This is him, Onegin is afraid, not daring to offer Lensky reconciliation. He knew that Zaretsky could

Friends quarrel young
And put them on the barrier
Or make them reconcile,
To have breakfast together
And then secretly defame
A funny joke, a lie.

Moscow noble society

Tatyana came to Moscow not by chance. She came with her mother to the bride fair. Close relatives of the Larins lived in Moscow, and Tatyana and her mother stayed with them. In Moscow, Tatyana came into close contact with the society of the nobility, which was more archaic and frozen than in St. Petersburg or the provinces.

In Moscow, Tanya was received warmly and sincerely by her relatives. The old women scattered in their memories, the “young graces of Moscow”, looking closely at the new relative and friend, found a common language with her, shared the secrets of beauty and fashion, talked about their heartfelt victories and tried to extort her secrets from Tatyana. But

the secret of your heart,
Treasured treasure and tears and happiness,
Keeps silent meanwhile
And they don't share it with anyone.

Guests came to Aunt Alina's mansion. In order not to appear overly distracted or arrogant,

Tatyana wants to listen
In conversations, in general conversation;
But everyone in the living room takes
Such incoherent, vulgar nonsense;
Everything in them is so pale, indifferent;
They slander even boringly.

All this was not interesting to a romantically inclined girl, who, deep down, might have been waiting for some kind of miracle. She often stood somewhere on the sidelines, and only

Archival young men in a crowd
They stare at Tanya
And about her among themselves
They speak unfavorably.

Of course, such "archival young men" could not interest the young lady. Here Pushkin used the Old Slavic form of the adjective to emphasize the belonging of "young men" to the "last century". Late marriages were not uncommon in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Men were forced to serve in order to make a certain fortune, and only then did they get married. But they chose young girls as brides. So marriages of unequal age were not uncommon at that time. They looked down on the provincial young lady.

Together with her mother or cousins, Tatyana visited theaters, she was taken to Moscow balls.

There is tightness, excitement, heat,
The roar of music, the sparkle of candles,
Flashing, whirlwind of fast couples,
Beauties light dresses,
People full of choirs,
Brides a vast semicircle,
All the senses strike suddenly.
Here they seem dandies note
Your impudence, your vest
And an inattentive lorgnette.
Holiday hussars come here
They rush to appear, to thunder,
Shine, captivate and fly away.

At one of the balls, her future husband drew attention to Tatyana.

Nobles of St. Petersburg

In the first part of the poetic novel, the secular society of St. Petersburg was described in light sketches, a look from the outside. About Onegin's father, Pushkin writes that

Serving excellently nobly,
His father lived in debt
Gave three balls annually,
And finally screwed up.

Not one Onegin Sr. lived in this way. For many nobles, this was the norm. Another stroke of the secular society of St. Petersburg:

Here is my Onegin at large;
Shaved in the latest fashion
How dandy London dressed -
And finally saw the light.
He's completely French
Could speak and write;
Easily danced the mazurka
And bowed at ease;
What do you want more? The world decided
That he is smart and very nice.

Description, Pushkin shows what interests and worldviews aristocratic youth have.

No one is embarrassed that the young man does not serve anywhere. If a noble family has estates and serfs, then why serve? In the eyes of some mothers, perhaps Onegin was a good match for the marriage of their daughters. This is one of the reasons why young people are accepted and invited to balls and dinners in the world.

He used to be in bed:
They carry notes to him.
What? Invitations? Indeed,
Three houses for the evening call:
There will be a ball, there is a children's party.

But Onegin, as you know, did not seek to tie the knot. Although he was a connoisseur of the "science of tender passion."

Pushkin describes the ball to which Onegin arrived. This description also serves as a sketch to characterize Petersburg customs. At such balls, young people met, fell in love

I was crazy about balls:
There is no place for confessions
And for delivering a letter.
O you venerable spouses!
I will offer you my services;
I ask you to notice my speech:
I want to warn you.
You also, mothers, are stricter
Look after your daughters:
Keep your lorgnette straight!

At the end of the novel, St. Petersburg secular society is no longer as faceless as at the beginning.

Through the close row of aristocrats,
Military dandies, diplomats
And proud ladies she glides;
Here she sat quietly and looked,
Admiring the noisy crampedness,
Flashing dresses and speeches,
Apparition of slow guests
In front of the young mistress ...

The author introduces the reader to Nina Voronskaya, a dazzling beauty. Pushkin gives a detailed portrait of the secular society of the capital in the description of dinner at Tatyana's house. Here gathered, as they said then, all the cream of society. Describing the people present at the dinner, Pushkin shows how high Tatyana rose in the hierarchical ladder, marrying a prince, a military officer and a veteran of the Patriotic War of 1812.

capital color,
And to know, and fashion samples,
Everywhere you meet faces
Necessary fools;
There were old ladies
In caps and roses, they look evil;
There were a few girls
Not smiling faces;
There was a messenger who said
About state affairs;
There he was in fragrant gray hair
The old man, joking in the old way:
Superbly subtle and smart
Which is kind of funny these days.

Here he was greedy for epigrams,
Angry sir to everything:

But, along with representatives of high society, the dinner was attended by several random people who came here for various reasons.

There was Prolasov, who deserved
Known for the meanness of the soul,
In all albums blunted,
St.-Priest, your pencils;
At the door another ballroom dictator
He stood like a magazine picture,
Blush, like a willow cherub,
Tightened, dumb and immovable,
And the vagrant traveler,
Overstarched impudent.

Noble status made very high demands on its representatives. And in Russia there were many truly worthy nobles. But in the novel "Eugene Onegin" Pushkin shows, along with brilliance and luxury, vices, emptiness and vulgarity. The propensity to spend, living beyond one's means, and the desire to imitate, unwillingness to serve and benefit society, the impracticality and carelessness of secular society are shown in full in the novel. These lines were intended to make readers think, most of whom represented this very nobility, to reconsider their way of life. It is not surprising that "Eugene Onegin" was received by the reading public ambiguously, and not always favorably.

Roman A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" was created over the course of seven years. The poet worked hard on it like no other work. Sometimes he called his scattered drafts of the novel in verse “notebooks”, emphasizing the naturalism, realism of the sketches, which served as a kind of notebook for Pushkin, where he noted the features of the life of the society in which he moved.

V.G. Belinsky, despite the poverty of his critical article on "Eugene Onegin", belongs to the famous expression. He calls the novel "an encyclopedia of Russian life." And even if the critic’s further reflections are not characterized by logic and thoughtfulness, the above statement perfectly indicates the vastness and, no doubt, the epochal nature of the work.

The novel "Eugene Onegin" is called by literary critics the first realistic novel in the history of Russian literature. Pushkin also created a new type of character - the so-called "hero of time". Later, he will manifest himself in the work of M.Yu. Lermontov, and in the notes of I.S. Turgenev, and even F.M. Dostoevsky. The poet set himself the task of describing a person as he is, with all the vices and virtues. The main idea of ​​the novel is the need to show the confrontation between Western, European, civilization and the original Russian, highly spiritual. This confrontation was reflected in the images of different types of nobility - the metropolitan, whose representative is Eugene Onegin, and the provincial, who owns the "sweet ideal" Tatyana Larina.

So, the European nobility, the capital, does not cause much sympathy for the author of the work. He very ironically describes the orders and customs of high society, emphasizing its emptiness, covered with ostentatious splendor. So, the nobles of the capital live, spending time at balls, dinner parties, walking. However, these amusements follow the same scenario day after day, so even Eugene often languishes with society.

The main value is European traditions, fashion, etiquette, the ability to behave in society. The most talented and educated people actually turn out to be empty, "superficial". The same Onegin studied with a Frenchwoman, and after that he was given to be raised by a "wretched Frenchman", who "taught everything in jest" to young Eugene. This led to the fact that the hero knew a little bit from everywhere, but he was not a master, a professional in any science. About Lensky, another representative of the capital's nobility, Pushkin writes modestly, making it clear that in Europe he received an equally superficial education, and brought with him from Germany only "freedom-loving dreams" and "black curls to the shoulders."

Like Onegin, Vladimir Lensky, a young idealist, was burdened by secular society, but at the same time, both heroes failed to break ties with him. So, for example, both of them, having cooled down, dream of forgetting about the duel, but at the same time, neither of them finds the strength to cancel the duel, since this contradicts secular concepts of honor and dignity. The price of this selfish desire not to lose face is the death of Lensky.

The provincial nobility is depicted by Pushkin in a much more favorable light. Village landowners live a completely different life: they still have a connection with the Russian people, Russian tradition, culture, and spirituality. That is why Tatiana likes to listen to her nanny's stories so much; Larina likes folklore legends, she is religious and devout.

A different life reigns in the village, more calm and simple, not spoiled by the pomposity of the world. But despite this, the provincial nobles try their best to match the capital: they throw feasts as rich as possible. The guests at the party amuse themselves with the game of whist and boston, as do the inhabitants of the capital, since they have no worthwhile occupation. "Young ladies" Olga and Tatyana speak French, as is customary in high society. This feature is touchingly noted by Pushkin in the scene when Larina writes a love letter to Onegin: “So,” says the author. - She wrote in French. "Dear Ideal" reads with gusto French romance novels that replace everything for her, and Olga loves her album, in which she asks Lensky to write poetry for her. Such a desire to resemble the capital's nobles does not evoke a positive response from the poet.

But the adherence to traditions, the high spirituality of the provincial nobles are so attractive to A.S. Pushkin. These are sincere, kind and honest people, incapable of deception and betrayal, which reigns in the world of high society. The poet, as a true Christian, wants to see the Russian people as Russian, Orthodox, pious, who have abandoned the imposed European values. The same idea of ​​preserving “Russianness” was continued by other titans of Russian literature of the “Golden Age”, for example, L.N. Tolstoy or F.M. Dostoevsky.

(376 words) Pushkin in his novel "Eugene Onegin" depicts the nobility of the capital and the local nobility, defining similar and different features. In this analysis, we really see the encyclopedia of Russian life, about which V. Belinsky wrote.

Let's start with the metropolitan nobility. The author notes that the life of St. Petersburg is "monotonous and motley". This is a late awakening, "notes" with invitations to a ball, a party or a children's party. The hero reluctantly chooses any kind of entertainment, then takes care of his appearance and goes to visit. This is how almost the entire noble society of St. Petersburg spends its time. Here people are accustomed to external brilliance, they care about being known as cultured and educated, so they devote a lot of time to talking about philosophy, about literature, but in reality their culture is only superficial. For example, visiting the theater in St. Petersburg has been turned into a ritual. Onegin comes to the ballet, although he is not at all interested in what is happening on stage. As for the spiritual life, Tatyana in the finale calls secular life a masquerade. The nobility in the capital lives only with feigned feelings.

In Moscow, according to the author, there are fewer claims to high European culture. In chapter 7, he does not mention theater, literature, or philosophy. But here you can hear a lot of gossip. Everyone is discussing each other, but at the same time, all conversations are conducted within the framework of accepted rules, so you will not hear a single living word in a secular living room. The author also notes that the representatives of Moscow society do not change over time: “Lukerya Lvovna is always whitening, Lyubov Petrovna is also lying.” The absence of change means that these people do not really live, but only exist.

The local nobility is depicted in connection with the village life of Onegin and the life of the Larin family. The landlords in the perception of the author are simple and kind people. They live in unity with nature. They are close to folk traditions and customs. For example, it is said about the Larin family: “They kept in their lives the peaceful habits of sweet antiquity.” The author writes about them with a warmer feeling than about the nobles of the capital, since life in the countryside is more natural. They are easy to communicate, able to make friends. However, Pushkin does not idealize them. First of all, the landlords are far from high culture. They hardly read books. For example, Onegin's uncle read only the calendar, Tatiana's father did not like to read at all, however, he "did not see any harm in books", so he allowed his daughter to get carried away with them.

Thus, the landowners in the image of Pushkin are good-natured, natural, but not too developed people, and the courtiers appear as false, hypocritical, idle, but a little more educated nobles.

Metropolitan and local nobility in the novel by A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"

Sample essay text

In the novel Eugene Onegin, Pushkin unfolded the pictures of Russian life in the first quarter of the 19th century with remarkable fullness. Before the eyes of the reader, a living, moving panorama passes haughty luxurious Petersburg, ancient Moscow, dear to the heart of every Russian person, cozy country estates, nature, beautiful in its variability. Against this background, Pushkin's heroes love, suffer, are disappointed, die. Both the environment that gave birth to them, and the atmosphere in which their lives take place, found a deep and complete reflection in the novel.

In the first chapter of the novel, introducing the reader to his hero, Pushkin describes in detail his usual day, filled to the limit with visits to restaurants, theaters and balls. Just as “monotonous and motley” is the life of other young St. Petersburg aristocrats, all of whose worries were in search of new, not yet boring entertainment. The desire for change makes Yevgeny leave for the countryside, then, after the murder of Lensky, he sets off on a journey, from which he returns to the familiar atmosphere of St. Petersburg salons. Here he meets Tatyana, who has become an "indifferent princess", the mistress of an exquisite living room, where the highest nobility of St. Petersburg gathers.

Here you can meet prolasovs, “who deserved fame for the baseness of their souls”, and “overstarched impudent”, and “ballroom dictators”, and elderly ladies “in caps and roses, seemingly evil”, and “girls with no smiling faces”. These are typical patrons of St. Petersburg salons, in which arrogance, stiffness, coldness and boredom reign. These people live by strict rules of decent hypocrisy while playing a role. Their faces, like living feelings, are hidden by an impassive mask. This gives rise to emptiness of thoughts, coldness of hearts, envy, gossip, anger. Therefore, such bitterness is heard in the words of Tatiana addressed to Eugene:

And to me, Onegin, this splendor,

Hateful life tinsel,

My progress in a whirlwind of light

My fashion house and evenings

What's in them? Now I'm happy to give

All this rags of masquerade

All this brilliance, and noise, and fumes

For a shelf of books, for a wild garden,

For our poor home...

The same idleness, emptiness and monotony fill the Moscow salons where the Larins visit. With bright satirical colors, Pushkin draws a collective portrait of the Moscow nobility:

But they don't see the change

All in them on the old sample:

At Aunt Princess Elena's

All the same tulle cap;

Everything is whitening Lukerya Lvovna,

All the same Lyubov Petrovna lies,

Ivan Petrovich is just as stupid

Semyon Petrovich is just as stingy...

In this description, attention is drawn to the persistent repetition of small everyday details, their immutability. And this creates a feeling of stagnation of life, which has stopped in its development. Naturally, there are empty, meaningless conversations that Tatyana cannot understand with her sensitive soul.

Tatyana wants to listen

In conversations, in general conversation;

But everyone in the living room takes

Such incoherent, vulgar nonsense,

Everything in them is so pale, indifferent;

They slander even boringly...

In the noisy Moscow light set the tone for "smart dandies", "holiday hussars", "archival young men", self-satisfied cousins. In a whirlwind of music and dance, a vain life devoid of any inner content rushes by.

They kept in a peaceful life

Sweet old habits;

They have oily Shrovetide

There were Russian pancakes;

Twice a year they fasted

Loved the Russian swing

Songs, a round dance are observed ...

The author's sympathy is caused by the simplicity and naturalness of their behavior, closeness to folk customs, cordiality and hospitality. But Pushkin does not at all idealize the patriarchal world of rural landowners. On the contrary, it is for this circle that the terrifying primitiveness of interests becomes the defining feature, which manifests itself both in ordinary topics of conversation, and in classes, and in an absolutely empty and aimlessly lived life. What, for example, is remembered by the late father of Tatyana? Only by the fact that he was a simple and kind fellow", "ate and drank in a dressing gown" and "died at an hour before dinner". The life of Uncle Onegin passes similarly in the rural wilderness, who "quarreled with the housekeeper for forty years, looked out the window and crushed flies "". Pushkin contrasts these good-natured lazy people with Tatiana's energetic and economic mother. In a few stanzas, her entire spiritual biography fits, consisting in a fairly quick rebirth of a cutesy sentimental young lady into a real sovereign landowner, whose portrait we see in the novel.

She traveled to work

Salted mushrooms for the winter,

Conducted expenses, shaved foreheads,

I went to the bathhouse on Saturdays

The maids beat angry -

All this without asking the husband.

With his stout wife

The fat Trifle has arrived;

Gvozdin, an excellent host,

Owner of poor men...

These heroes are so primitive that they do not require a detailed description, which may even consist in one surname. The interests of these people are limited to eating food and talking "about wine, about the kennel, about their relatives." Why does Tatyana strive from luxurious Petersburg to this meager, miserable little world? Probably because he is familiar to her, here you can not hide your feelings, not play the role of a magnificent secular princess. Here you can immerse yourself in the familiar world of books and wonderful rural nature. But Tatyana remains in the light, perfectly seeing its emptiness. Onegin is also unable to break with society without accepting it. The unfortunate destinies of the heroes of the novel are the result of their conflict with both the metropolitan and provincial society, which, however, gives rise to humility in their souls to the opinion of the world, thanks to which friends fight duels, and people who love each other part.

This means that a wide and complete depiction of all groups of the nobility in the novel plays an important role in motivating the actions of the characters, their destinies, introduces the reader to the circle of topical social and moral problems of the 20s of the 19th century.