Rescue of a drowning man: methods, basic rules, algorithm. Actions to take when rescuing a drowning person. Helping a victim on the water. How to pull out a drowning person and provide him with the necessary help

Contents of the article: classList.toggle()">toggle

How to properly save a drowning person? How effective are pre-medical resuscitation actions? What to do after rendering first aid before the paramedics arrive? You will read about this and much more in our article.

Almost always, the correct provision of first aid to a drowning person saves the life of the victim, since a professional medical team will not have time to arrive at the scene of the incident on time, even if it was called immediately after the formation of such a situation.

How to properly pull a victim ashore?

It should be noted that an important element of the potential rescue of a drowning person, if he has not yet been submerged under water for a long period of time, is his correct pulling out, ensuring not only the possibility of resuscitation of the victim, but also the safety of the helper.

Basic scheme for rescuing a drowning person:

First aid for a drowning person

After the victim has been brought ashore, it is necessary to begin the necessary resuscitation actions.

Algorithm of actions for providing first aid in case of drowning (briefly point by point):

• from liquid or foreign substances. The victim’s oral cavity is opened, dentures, vomit, mud, and liquid are removed from it. When drowning directly in the water, the rescuer places the person with his stomach on his knee, face down, to allow the liquid to flow freely. Two fingers are placed in the victim’s mouth and pressure is applied to the root of the tongue to induce vomiting, which helps to release Airways and the stomach from water that did not have time to be absorbed;
• Active pre-resuscitation actions. As part of first aid, it is necessary to continue inducing vomiting in the victim in the original position from point 1 until a cough appears. If this process does not produce an effect, then in the vast majority of cases there is no free fluid in the respiratory tract and stomach, since it has already been absorbed;
• Immediate resuscitation. The victim is turned over on his back and placed in a horizontal position, after which the rescuer begins cardiac massage and artificial respiration.

How to provide first aid in case of drowning, watch the video:

In case of true (wet) drowning

How to provide first aid to a drowning person? As part of the provision of pre-medical first aid when rescuing a drowning person, when the incident occurred directly within the reservoir and a large amount of water entered the human body, the previously described measures are carried out.

Their average duration takes from 2 to 3 minutes for the primary two stages. In this case, direct artificial respiration and indirect cardiac massage are effective for an average of 6-8 minutes. After 10 minutes have passed and there are no signs of heartbeat or breathing, it is highly likely that the person cannot be saved.

An important factor in a true drowning is the circumstances of the incident. So in salt water, a person’s chances of surviving in the absence of breathing and heartbeat are higher, since irreversible processes occur later than in the case of choking with fresh water - vital processes can be restored within 10-15 minutes.

In addition, water temperature also makes a certain contribution. When drowning in a cold or icy liquid, the irreversible processes of destruction slow down significantly. In some cases, resuscitation practice recorded situations where a person was brought back to life by performing chest compressions and artificial respiration 20 and sometimes 30 minutes after drowning.

For asphyxial (dry) drowning

Asphyxial or dry drowning is a pathological circumstance that occurs as a result of spasm of the glottis and suffocation when water does not penetrate the respiratory tract.

In general, this type of incident is considered more favorable in the context potential opportunity human resuscitation.

What to do in case of dry drowning? First aid for dry drowning generally coincides with first aid, as for classic drowning, however, the second stage (attempts to induce vomiting and free the airways with the stomach from accumulated fluid) is skipped and direct resuscitation actions are immediately applied to the victim.

Resuscitation actions

As part of the resuscitation efforts to provide emergency care In case of manual drowning, two main procedures are performed - indirect cardiac massage and artificial respiration. The basic rules for assisting a drowning person are presented below.

Artificial respiration

The victim lies on his back, the airways are opened as wide as possible, and any foreign objects that impede breathing are removed from the oral cavity. If there is an air duct of a medical design, it must be used as part of first aid for a drowning person.

Rescuer takes a deep breath and exhales air into the victim’s mouth, covering the wings of his nose with his fingers and supporting his chin, pressing his lips tightly to the victim’s mouth. As part of forced ventilation, the person's chest must rise.

The average inflation time is about 2 seconds, followed by a 4 second pause for a slow reflexive lowering of the drowned person's chest. Artificial respiration in case of drowning is repeated regularly until stable signs of breathing appear or an ambulance arrives.

Indirect cardiac massage

Activities to start cardiac activity can be combined with artificial respiration as part of their alternating shift. To begin with, you should first strike with your fist in the area of ​​​​the projection of the heart– it should be of medium strength, but quite sharp and fast. In some cases, this helps to immediately start the functioning of the heart.

If there is no effect, you need to count two fingers down from the sternum to the center of the chest, straighten your arms, placing one palm on top of the other, focus on the connection of the lower ribs with the sternum, and then apply pressure strictly perpendicular to the heart with both hands. The heart itself is compressed between the sternum and the spine. The main efforts are carried out with the entire torso, and not just with the arms

The average depth of compression should not exceed 5 cm, while the approximate frequency of compression is about 100 manipulations per minute, in cycles of 30 times with a combination of ventilation of the lungs.

The general cycle, therefore, looks like this: 2 seconds of inhaling air into the victim, 4 seconds for his spontaneous exit, 30 massage manipulations in the heart area and repeating the cyclic double procedure.

Providing first aid to children

It is worth noting that the chances of resuscitating a child from drowning are significantly less than those of an adult, since irreversible processes that lead to fatal outcome.

On average, you have about 5 minutes to try to save a drowned child.

Algorithm for providing first aid to a drowning child:

• Pulling the victim ashore. Carried out as quickly as possible, while respecting general rules precautions described earlier;
• Clearing the upper respiratory tract from foreign substances. You should open the child’s mouth, try to free it from any kind of foreign substances, including water, then put your knee and place the baby’s stomach on it, at the same time causing the gag reflex in the latter by pressing on the root of the tongue. The event is repeated until the child develops an active cough and water along with vomit stops actively flowing out;
• Resuscitation measures. If the procedure from the previous paragraph has no effect or there are signs of a “dry” type of drowning, the child turns over on his back, is placed in a horizontal position and is given an indirect cardiac massage, as well as artificial respiration.

Further rescue actions

If the victim managed to start breathing with a heartbeat, then he lies on his side, while continuing to remain in a horizontal position. The person is covered with a blanket or towel to keep warm, while his condition is constantly monitored and if breathing or heartbeat stops again, manual resuscitation is resumed.

It should be understood that, regardless of the circumstances, even if a person is in satisfactory condition, it is necessary to wait for the arrival of an ambulance team, which will provide first aid in case of drowning. Specialists will competently assess the potential risks for the victim and decide on the need or lack thereof for hospitalization.

In some cases, significant amounts of water enter the lungs, secondary cerebral edema and other symptoms appear after a certain period of time, medium-term health does not exist only when more than 5 days have occurred after drowning, and no pathological symptoms have appeared in the person.

Types of drownings

In general, modern medicine distinguishes three types of drowning:

• True drowning. The main sign of such an incident is that it hits large quantity water into the lungs and stomach, against the background of which swelling of the corresponding tissues occurs and irreversible destruction of their structure. Occurs in one in every 5 reported cases;
• Asphyxial drowning. It can also occur in water, but the liquid itself does not penetrate into the lungs and stomach, since before this process a pronounced spasm of the vocal cords is formed with a complete stop of respiratory activity. All basic pathological processes are associated with direct suffocation and shock. Occurs in 40 percent of cases;
• Syncopal drowning. It is characterized by a reflex arrest of cardiac activity, in the vast majority of cases it causes almost instant death. Occurs in 10 percent of cases;
• Mixed drowning. Has signs of both classic “wet” and asphyxial drowning. It is diagnosed in an average of 15 percent of victims.

Difference between sea and fresh water

Classical medicine distinguishes between drowning in fresh water and sea ​​water according to a number of characteristic features:

• Fresh water. The alveoli are stretched and the corresponding fluid penetrates into the bloodstream by direct diffusion through a violation of the integrity of the alveolar-capillary membrane. Hypotonic hyperhydration develops sharply, and the functioning of blood flow is disrupted.

  Due to the absorption of hypotonic water into the vascular bed, pulmonary edema, hypervolemia, hyperosmolarity, and blood thinning with an increase in its volume are formed.

  Fibrillation occurs in the ventricles, which cannot cope with big amount"diluted" biological fluid. In general, irreversible damage occurs quickly;

• Salty water. Fluid enters the alveoli, which leads to hypertensive dehydration, an increase in the amount of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium, as well as chlorine in the blood plasma. In fact, it is not liquefaction that occurs, but rather a thickening of the blood, while irreversible damage to the body occurs more slowly compared to fresh water (up to 25 percent).

The processes described above are often divided into separate categories of descriptive characteristics medical literature XX century.

Modern large-scale studies indicate that the pathogenesis of drowning in fresh and salt water does not differ significantly in the context of clinical danger.

Accordingly, the difference in potential resuscitation capabilities is virtually negligible and amounts to only a few minutes. As real practice shows, the chances of restoring brain function and vital signs increase significantly in cases of drowning with very low temperatures, especially in children with low body weight.

Some doctors have recorded cases of complete resumption of life 30 minutes after drowning, while the victim had no breathing or heartbeat all the time.

Drowning is death from hypoxia, which occurs as a result of the occlusion of the respiratory tract by a liquid, most often water. Drowning is possible when swimming in bodies of water, although sometimes it occurs in other conditions, for example, when immersed in a bath of water or in a container with some other liquid. A significant proportion of drowning victims are children. A drowned person can be saved if first aid is provided promptly and correctly. In the first minute after drowning in water, more than 90% of victims can be saved, after 6-7 minutes - only about 1-3%.

Drowning is most often caused by violation of the rules of behavior on the water, fatigue, even in people who are excellent swimmers (for example, during a long swim in cold water), injuries during diving (especially in unfamiliar bodies of water), alcohol intoxication, sudden changes in temperature during diving into the water after overheating in the sun, etc. Drowning often occurs due to the fact that a person gets lost in difficult situation, forgets that his body is lighter than water and with minimal effort it can remain on the surface for a very long time in both horizontal and vertical positions. To do this, you just need to lightly rake the water with your hands and feet and, if possible, breathe calmly and deeply. If you get into a whirlpool, you need to take it into your lungs more air and, having dived deeper, swim to the side under water, which is much easier than on the surface, because The speed of water movement at depth is significantly less.

Death from drowning occurs as a result of lack of oxygen. Conventionally, there are several main types of drowning - true, dry and so-called syncope. In the first case, water fills the airways and lungs, the drowning person, fighting for his life, makes convulsive movements and draws in water, which prevents the flow of air. The skin of a drowned person is bluish, and foamy liquid is released from the mouth and nose. In the second case (with dry drowning), due to spasm of the vocal cords, water does not enter the lungs (hence the name), the bluishness of the skin is less pronounced. This type of drowning is accompanied by fainting, and the drowned person immediately sinks to the bottom. In the third case (syncope drowning), the cause of death of the victim is a sudden cessation of breathing and cardiac arrest. Such drowned people have pale skin (the so-called pale drowned).

Rescue a drowning man and provide him with first aid. The rescuer must quickly run to the closest place along the shore to the drowning place. If the drowning person is on the surface of the water, then it is advisable to calm him down from a distance, and if this fails, then it is better to try to swim up to him from behind in order to avoid grabs, from which it is sometimes difficult to free himself. One of the effective techniques that allows you to free yourself from such a convulsive embrace is immersion with a drowning person in water. In such circumstances, he, trying to stay on the surface, will let go of the rescuer. When a drowning person dives to the bottom, the rescuer must dive and swim along the bottom (in running water, taking into account the direction and speed of the current). If there is sufficient visibility, you should open your eyes under water, because... rescue actions in this case are more effective. Having discovered a drowning person, you need to take him by the hand, under the armpits or by the hair and, pushing strongly from the bottom, float to the surface with him, working intensively only with your legs and free hand.

Having brought the drowning person to shore, they begin to provide first aid, the nature of which depends on his condition. If the victim is conscious, has a satisfactory pulse and is breathing, then it is enough to lay him on a dry hard surface so that his head is low, then undress him, rub him with his hands or a dry towel. It is advisable to give a hot drink (tea, coffee, adults can have a little alcohol, for example 1-2 tablespoons of vodka), wrap them in a warm blanket and let them rest. If the victim is unconscious when removed from the water, but has a satisfactory pulse and breathing, then you should throw back his head and extend his lower jaw, then lay him down so that his head is low, then with your finger (preferably wrapped in a handkerchief) free his oral cavity from silt, mud and vomit, wipe him dry and warm him. A victim who is unconscious, does not breathe independently, but retains cardiac activity, after preliminary measures aimed at clearing the airways, artificial respiration must be started as quickly as possible. If the victim has no breathing or cardiac activity, artificial respiration must be combined with cardiac massage.

First, as quickly as possible, fluid should be removed from the respiratory tract (in case of drowning in fresh water, only the mouth and throat should be cleared of it). For this purpose, the person providing assistance places the victim with his stomach on the thigh of the leg bent at the knee joint, presses his hand on the victim’s back between the shoulder blades (Fig. 11.1.), while supporting his forehead with the other hand and raising his head. You can tilt the victim over the side of a boat, or, placing him face down, lift him in the pelvic area. These manipulations should not take more than 10-15 seconds so as not to delay artificial respiration.

Transporting the victim to a hospital is advisable after restoration of cardiac activity. In this case, the victim should be in a position on his side on a stretcher with the headrest lowered. All victims must be hospitalized, since there is a danger of developing so-called secondary drowning, when signs of acute respiratory failure, chest pain, cough, shortness of breath, feeling of lack of air, hemoptysis, agitation, and increased heart rate appear. The high probability of developing pulmonary edema in victims remains from 15 to 72 hours after rescue.

We all love to relax, especially by the sea or river. However, vacations are not always pleasant. Since childhood, we were taught that games have no place on the water, and that if you don’t know how to swim, don’t go far. Having matured and learned to swim, we consider ourselves professional swimmers and, being firmly confident in our strengths and capabilities, we swim wherever our eyes look.

Few of us think about the consequences and dangers of long swims or games on the water. Misbehavior, swimming in drunk, emergencies- all this is fraught with drowning. Drowning is an accident involving liquid entering a person’s respiratory tract, resulting in oxygen deprivation.

No person is immune from such cases. The sooner a drowning person is removed from the water, and the sooner he is given first aid, the higher the chance of saving his life. Everyone should be able to and know how to provide emergency care to a victim on the water. From this article you will learn what to do if a person begins to drown in your presence.

In medical practice, there are four types of drowning. Each of them is characterized by its own characteristics.

1. Primary, wet or true. Accompanied by penetration of fluid into the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. When immersed in water, there is no loss of the respiratory instinct. As a result, the bronchi and lungs fill with water. It is characterized by the release of foam from the mouth and cyanosis of the skin.
2. Dry or asphyxial. Accompanied by immersion under water and loss of orientation, spasm of the larynx and filling of the stomach with liquid. Blocking of the respiratory tract and the development of asphyxia are also noted.
3. Fainting or syncope. It is also called pale. It is characterized by the acquisition of a pale, white-gray or bluish tint by the dermis. Death occurs due to a reflex cessation of the heart and lungs. Pale drowning is caused by temperature changes and immersion in ice water.
4. Secondary. This is the result of an epileptic seizure or heart attack that suddenly occurs during drowning. The lungs fill with water after clinical death occurs.

Algorithm for rescuing a drowning person

Help for a drowning person must be provided immediately. Any delay is fraught with critical consequences, in particular death. The condition of the victim and his life will depend on how competently and timely the emergency service was provided. The algorithm of actions and their sequence in case of drowning is divided into three stages: actions in water, on land and after emergency assistance.

The first action when helping a drowning person is to pull him to shore. It is necessary to act quickly and as correctly as possible.

• Swim up to the victim from behind, grab him in a way that is safe for you (a drowning person can grab onto his clothes and drag you along with him). The most acceptable and universal option– towing by the hair (the method is justified if the victim has long hair).
• If a person still grabs his hand or clothing, do not try to unclench his hands, as you will only waste time. Dive with him, in the water he will instinctively open his hands.
• Swim to shore on your back while rowing right hand, if right-handed and with the left hand - if left-handed.
• Make sure that the victim's head is above the water and that he does not swallow water.

After you have pulled the drowning person to dry land, proceed to the second stage. The sequence of actions is as follows.

• Lay him on his back, then clear the airways of foreign substances and objects, vomit and mud, and remove dentures. Do not reach into the victim's mouth with your bare hands; wrap your finger in soft material.
• Turn him over and place his stomach on his knee. Liquid that gets into the air chamber will flow out.
• Place two fingers into your mouth and then press on the root of your tongue. Along with the gag reflex, all excess fluid will come out and the breathing process will be restored.
• If the above measures do not bring results, perform artificial respiration and chest compressions. In case of asphyxial drowning, resuscitation should be carried out immediately. In this case, the stage of inducing vomiting is skipped.

The third stage involves taking measures to further restore the victim’s condition.

• Lay it on its side.
• Cover with a blanket or dry towel.
• Call an ambulance.
• Do not leave the patient alone for a second; monitor his condition until the doctors arrive.

In true or wet drowning, water penetrates directly into the lungs in 70% of cases. In addition to feeling the pulse, examining the pupils, warming and maintaining blood circulation (raising the legs), it is often necessary to perform artificial respiration.

In asphyxial drowning, fluid never enters the lungs. Instead, there is a spasm of the vocal cords. The lethal outcome is caused by untimely assistance and hypoxia. In this type of drowning, the first thing to do is perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The second stage is calling an ambulance and the third is warming the patient.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Stopping breathing and cardiac function during drowning is a common phenomenon. In order to restore lung function and save human life artificial respiration and cardiac massage should be started immediately. The mouth-to-mouth technique is performed as follows.

• Open the victim's mouth, remove mucus and algae (don't forget to wrap your fingers with cloth). Wait until all the liquid drains from your mouth.
• Hold your cheeks to keep your mouth open, tilt your head back and lift your chin.
• Pinch your nasal passages, take a deep breath and blow the air into the victim's mouth. The number of repetitions is 12 per minute.
• Check your pulse.
• After some time, breathing will appear.

Cardiac massage must be performed as carefully as possible, as there is a high risk of damage to the ribs.

1. Position the person on the ground.
2. Place one hand on your sternum and place the other on top at a 90-degree angle.
3. Apply rhythmic compressions to the chest, about one per minute.
4. To restore heart function small child, pressure should be applied with two fingers.
5. If there are several rescuers, CPR is performed simultaneously; if there is only one, then artificial respiration with cardiac massage must be alternated every half a minute.

Causes and signs of drowning

The World Health Organization defines drowning as respiratory distress caused by immersion or prolonged exposure to water. Prolonged stay under water is fraught not only with breathing problems, but also with asphyxia. Untimely or incorrect provision of first aid to the victim is fraught with death. The brain can work for a maximum of six minutes during hypoxia, which is why you should act as quickly as possible, without waiting for an ambulance.

There are several reasons why a person may drown. Not all of them and not always random. This situation may be due to:

• injuries when diving in shallow water;
• swimming in unexplored bodies of water;
• alcohol intoxication;
• emergency situations: seizures, stroke, diabetic or hypoglycemic coma;
• inability to swim;
• neglectful attitude towards children, lack of education;
• getting caught in whirlpools or storms.

Contrary to popular belief, it is quite difficult to recognize a drowning person, since his external holding on the water looks completely ordinary. Calm behavior is determined by the inability to call for help due to impaired breathing. The maximum that a person has enough time and energy for is to inhale. How can you understand that a person is drowning if he does not scream for help? It is not difficult to understand that the victim needs help if you are attentive.

The head of a drowning person is located in the posterior direction, while the mouth is open. The head can be under water, and the mouth can be located at the surface of the water. The eyes of a drowning person are either hidden under hair or closed. The breathing of a drowning person is frequent and deep. This is due to the desire to capture the maximum possible portion of air.

You can understand that the victim was drowning after being removed from the water by the following symptoms: bloating, chest pain, blue or bluish tint to the skin, cough, vomiting, shortness of breath.

Consequences and possible complications

Even after the patient has regained consciousness, he needs qualified help. The fact is that when drowning in fresh waters, death can occur even after several hours. That is why you should keep the situation under control and not take a single step away from the victim until the ambulance arrives. Prolonged stay in an unconscious state and without oxygen is fraught with:

• dysfunction of the brain and other internal organs and systems;
• neuralgia;
• chemical imbalance;
• permanent vegetative state.

Drowning in sea and fresh water: is there a difference?

An accident can happen both at sea, at headquarters and in the river. However, drowning in fresh waters is fundamentally different from diving in salty sea waters. What's the difference?

Inhalation of salt water is less dangerous and has a better prognosis. Great content salt helps prevent fluid from penetrating into the lung tissue. However, there is a thickening of the blood and pressure on the circulatory system. Complete cardiac arrest occurs within ten minutes, but this time is enough to save a person’s life.

Immersion in fresh water is a more complex process. The entry of fluid into the lung cells is accompanied by their swelling and bursting. In addition, water is absorbed into the blood and makes it more liquid, which causes capillaries to rupture, cardiac dysfunction and complete cardiac arrest. The duration of this process is a couple of minutes. Death occurs much faster in fresh waters.

Dangers that can await everyone

There can be a variety of dangers in the water: algae, storms or strong currents. And from each of these situations, in order to save lives, it is necessary to find a reasonable way out. Of course, it’s hard to think when you’re starting to drown or when you’re being engulfed in seaweed. But you still have to concentrate.

Quite often it happens that a person without swimming skills ends up in the water, and not near the shore. In this case, the main thing is not to panic, but to try to stay on the water until help arrives. You need to lie down on the water and breathe slowly and deeply. You shouldn't try to swim, as you'll only waste all your strength. When staying in cold water, a state of shock may occur. It is important to monitor your breathing and try to always stay on the water.

Strong currents often cause drowning. All you have to do is stop fighting it. It's a waste of energy. Go with the current, and as soon as its strength decreases, turn around and swim to the shore.

Algae often gets in the way of a swimmer. Many people immediately try to free themselves from them. Some even dive to untangle themselves. This should not be done, as the algae may entangle your neck while you free your legs. When getting entangled in river or sea vegetation, it is correct to make sharp, repulsive pushes. You can also try to roll them, to do this you need to rub one foot against the other.

1. Don't play in the water. Do not use entertainment that involves capturing a person.
2. If you start to drown or become entangled in seaweed, do not scream at all. When screaming, a person takes deep breaths, which risks swallowing water. The liquid, once in the blood and upper respiratory tract, provokes a deterioration in the functioning of internal organs.
3. If you are tired, avoid long-distance swims.
4. If your leg cramps, dive, pull the thumb legs, try to straighten it.
5. Do not swim in bodies of water that are not surveyed or unknown to you.
6. Learn to swim.
7. Don't walk on thin ice.
8. Avoid swimming while intoxicated.

Do not neglect safety precautions and soberly assess your capabilities before diving and swimming long distances. Don't brag about your skills or brag to your friends. Water games are dangerous. Take care of yourself and try to behave correctly on the water.

With the arrival of the heat, many townspeople have either already opened the swimming season or are planning to do so this coming weekend, fortunately the hot weather is conducive to this...

The hot sun drives everyone into the water: master swimmers and dummies, heavily drunk and with naughty hearts. Some jump into an unfamiliar pond, where the bottom may be strewn with snags and rebar. In this case, a fun pastime can turn into a tragedy.

So, vacationers should remember the following rules:

It is better to swim in the morning or evening, when the sun is warm, but there is no danger of overheating. The water temperature should not be lower than 17 - 19°C. You can swim in water for no more than 20 minutes, and this time should increase gradually, from 3 to 5 minutes. You can’t bring yourself to the point of chills. Hypothermia may cause convulsions, respiratory arrest, and loss of consciousness. It is better to swim several times for 15 - 20 minutes, and during the breaks play outdoor games: volleyball, badminton;

Do not enter or jump into the water after prolonged exposure to the sun. Peripheral vessels are greatly expanded for greater heat transfer. When cooling in water, a sharp reflex contraction of the muscles occurs, which entails cessation of breathing;

Do not enter the water while intoxicated. Alcohol blocks the vasoconstrictor and vasodilator centers in the brain;

If there is no equipped beach nearby, you need to choose a safe place for swimming with a gradual slope. Never jump in places that are not specially equipped;

Don't swim far, because... You may not calculate your strength. If you feel tired, do not get lost and strive to swim to the shore as quickly as possible. You need to “relax” on the water. To do this, be sure to learn how to swim on your back. Rolling over onto your back and supporting yourself on the surface light movements arms and legs, you can relax;

If you are caught in the current, do not try to fight it. You need to swim downstream, gradually, at a slight angle, approaching the shore;

Don't get lost, even if you're caught in a whirlpool. You need to take in more air into your lungs, plunge into the water and, making a strong jerk to the side, emerge.

To avoid tragedy and save a drowning person, follow the advice of rescuers:

Your help to the victim is often the only chance for him to return to life, they say at the State Inspectorate for Emergency Situations of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations. - If by chance you happen to be the rescuer, then you need to remember a few rules.

1. You saw that the man began to drown.

2. There is no time to waste, but be careful. You only need to swim up to a drowning person from behind. Otherwise, in a fit of panic, he will begin to cling to you, you will drink too much water and you will have to save two people.

3. Swimming up to a drowning person, you need to grab him under the arms (or grab him by the hair), turn him face up and swim to the shore.

IMPORTANT! Don't let him roll over and grab you.

4. After you pull the drunk person out of the water, place him with his stomach on his bent knee, face down, and begin to press his hand on his back to pump the water out of the lungs. Make sure your head is lower than your chest. Use any piece of cloth to remove water, mud and vomit from your mouth and nose. If there is no vomiting, then you need to turn the victim onto his back and check the pulse.

5. It should be remembered that if breathing does not resume within 1-2 minutes, this can lead to the death of the victim. The main sign of cardiac arrest is the absence of a pulse and dilated pupils.

In this case, it is necessary to immediately begin mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and chest compressions: 4-5 sharp pressures on the chest and then one air injection (16 breaths per minute, 64-90 pressures).

For older people, the pressure is gentle; for young children, apply pressure not with the palm, but with the fingers.

ATTENTION! You cannot do indirect massage when there is at least a weak pulse. By your action, you can, on the contrary, stop the heart. Therefore, before sharply pressing on the chest, make sure once again that there is no pulse.

Summer is a long-awaited time for many, but it is in summer that situations occur that are dangerous best case scenario allows you to get rid of it later with fear, and in the worst case it even leads to death; drowning, in fact, is one of such situations. First medical aid for drowning, provided promptly and competently, can save a person’s life, and this, as you can guess, is by no means an exaggeration.

A man drowns: what happens to him?

When a person drowns, water enters through the upper respiratory tract, which in turn causes air to be pushed out. Therefore, the first event in drowning is laryngospasm, that is, a spasm of the vocal folds, resulting in the closure of the path to the trachea while breathing stops. This type of choking is defined as “dry choking.”

If the victim remains in the water for too long and if a significant volume of liquid enters his respiratory tract, oxygen starvation occurs. This, in turn, leads to the exclusion of the possibility of the action of a vital reflex, which acts as in this case breathing stops, and therefore a drowning person simply “inhales” water, which subsequently ends up in his lungs. Absence of the first medical care In case of drowning, it can cause the death of the victim before rescuers arrive at the scene.

Difference between sea and fresh water

Undoubtedly, it exists, no matter how you look at it. Thus, when more than one liter of water enters the human body, a number of its functions are disrupted, which is relevant regardless of the water options under consideration.

If it enters the body fresh water, then it ends up in the blood. This, in turn, leads to a change in its composition, which is especially reflected in the amount of protein and salt. In turn, this leads to trembling of the ventricles of the heart, and a kind of “rupture” occurs.

When seawater accumulates in the lungs, blood plasma enters the pulmonary alveoli with subsequent accumulation there. Subsequently this leads to.

Regardless of what kind of water is in the human body, its presence in it during such manifestations has an extremely negative effect on the condition of the victim and is dangerous for his life.

In case of severe overheating in the sun, overeating, or fatigue, you should refrain from swimming for a while. The point is that the jump into cold water can lead to so-called reflex cardiac arrest, which can cause sudden death.