Parisian libraries are not just vast and varied collections of books. If you're a student or freelancer in Paris, libraries are the perfect place to spend a productive day away from the bustling cafes. Many older libraries are closed to the public, or ones you can't visit unless you're an art/history student or professor (and don't have a valid library card), but be sure to check the library's website for the tour schedule, and These tours are almost always free.

Libraries of Paris

Bibliotheque Mazarine:
With a grand façade and a light-filled reading room, it's hard to believe that the Mazarin Library is often misguided by tourists making their way across the Seine to Saint-Germain-des-Prés. The oldest library in France, which has a modern collection dedicated to the history of France from the 12th-17th centuries, as well as thousands of rare medieval manuscripts. The most valuable text found here is the Gutenberg Bible, known as the Mazarin Bible, which dates back to 1250 and is kept in a secret vault.

23 Quai de Conti, 75006 Paris, France, +33 01 44 41 44 06

Bibliotheque Richelieu-Louvois:

Situated between the Palais Royal and the Galleries Vivienne, in the heart of Paris, one of the four branches of the National Library of France (originally founded in 1368 under Charles V). It was designed in the second half of the 19th century thanks to Henri Labrouste, who also designed the Sainte-Genevieve library on the opposite side of the city. Their site features some of humanity's earliest works, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman pottery, and a huge and kaleidoscopic "Oval Room." The garden across the road is also great for a picnic or a good book.
5 Rue Vivienne, 75002 Paris, France, +33 01 53 79 59 59

Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal:
The library, located a few steps from the Bastille and the Seine, is another branch of the National Library of France. This is one of the smaller libraries in Paris, but still among the historical sights. The façade was designed in the 18th century and was used to connect to the neighboring building, which now houses the Republican Garden, and was not converted into a public library until the French Revolution. Reading rooms and bookstores were built in the 19th century and were restored in 2012. The library is definitely worth a look for its great style and a visit to the illustration room.

1 Rue de Sully, 75004 Paris, France, +33 01 53 79 39 39
Bibliotheque Forney:

If you visit the "Arsenal Library" or, as it is also called, the historical library, then you will be within walking distance of the "Forni Library", which specializes in decorative arts. Nestled in a quiet corner of Ponte Marie, the former Hôtel de Sens is from the 15th century and is one of only three remaining medieval private residences in Paris. Even if the tour doesn't fit your schedule, stop to admire the courtyard and the beautifully restored spiers and arches.
1 Rue du Figuier, 75004 Paris, France, +33 01 42 78 14 60
Bibliothèque Publique d "Information:
Since its opening in 1977, the Center Georges Pompidou contemporary art museum has attracted more than 180 million international visitors. However, only the locals are familiar with the four-story media library. This library is located on Rue Beaubourg, where you will immediately see this iconic building. The modern library offers free Wi-Fi, a beautiful view of Beaubourg and is open to all visitors. If you visit it to work on notes, search for books, then take care of the places in advance, because they are occupied here in a second!

Place Georges-Pompidou, 75004 Paris, France
Bibliotheque Sainte Genevieve:
This is one of the most impressive buildings in Paris. The original Abbey of Saint Genevieve was founded in the 6th century. The iron building that stands today opposite the Panthéon was built between 1838 and 1850 by Henrit Labrousten, architect of the equally inimitable Richelieu Library. The facade is engraved with the names of great minds who contributed to human knowledge (Galileo, Copernicus, Shakespeare and others). The students line the street with the names of 810 famous scientists engraved on the wall, waiting to receive their position in the huge reading room.

10 Place du Panthéon, 75005 Paris, France, +33 01 44 41 97 97

Bibliotheque Francois Mitterand:
While you're in the 13th arrondissement, visit one of the largest libraries in Paris, built in 1966. This fraction of the National Library of France consists of four seven-story towers and a garden. Conveniently located near several universities in Paris. Offers students resources related to science, art, technology, literature, languages ​​and economics, among other subjects. Cross the Simone de Beauvoir bridge to see the lush gardens of Bercy, where students relax or read between classes.

Quai François Mauriac, 75013 Paris, France, +33 01 53 79 59 59

The American Library:
Situated in the quiet 7th arrondissement, and overlooking the Eiffel Tower, this library is a favorite for many. It was founded by the American Library Association in 1920. They wanted to house the many books that had been donated by overseers of American soldiers fighting in World War I. Association Aspired to bring to France the best of American literature and science. The library survived two wars and several different passages through the city. By the way, at one time Gertrude Stein was a subscriber of this library.

10 rue du General Camou 75007 Paris, France, +33 01 53 59 12 60

Bibliotheque Historique de la Ville de Paris:
BHVP specializes in the history of Paris. She was originally at the Hotel de Ville, but only until 1871. This library brings together documents dating from the 16th century and those that are present in the history of Paris and are open to visitors. Like the Bibliothèque de Arsenal, this is one of the smaller libraries, but it is very informative and the tour is free!

24 Rue Pavee, 75004 Paris, France, +33 01 44 59 29 40
Bibliotheque Marguerite Durand:
This library, located in the 13th arrondissement, was founded in 1932 by the journalist, actress and suffragist of the same name and contains an extensive collection of historical items (pamphlets, letters, photographs, periodicals, various works of art) and texts relating to feminism and women's history. It may not be the most impressive library in Paris, but its contents should definitely be the foundation for any aspiring writer, journalist, or savvy traveler.

79 rue Nationale 75013 Paris, France, +33 01 53 82 76 77

Introduction

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

This essay is dedicated to the National Library of France (NBF). To begin with, it is necessary to determine the categorical status of the concept of "national library".

"National" (from lat. n?ti? - people, nation) dictionaries interpret as relating to the socio-political life of nations, associated with their interests; belonging to, characteristic of a given nation, expressing its character; state, relating to this state; relating to the nation as a large socio-cultural community of the industrial era; characteristic of a given nation, peculiar to it.

the term "national library" used in world practice is commonly understood as the largest libraries of states, which are established by the government, serve the people as a whole, performing the functions of preserving, developing and transmitting the written cultural monuments of a given country to future generations;

in addition to the main state libraries, the system of national libraries includes branch libraries of national importance, as well as libraries that are central library institutions of territories that have a special status.

regardless of type, all national libraries have common features, namely: appropriate scale; the nature of the formation (established by the state represented by the governments of the region, region, republic); the right to legal deposit; the obligation to consolidate, preserve and pass on from generation to generation written cultural monuments of the country (region). The functions of national libraries are also the same: universal bibliographic control in the relevant field; formation of full funds of domestic documents; organization of international exchange. .

The French National Library includes all of the above features.

The relevance of studying the French National Library lies in the fact that the library itself is the largest historical monument of the nation and is in great demand among readers from other countries. It carries a large historical layer and, what is important, is a wonderful architectural creation of its time.

Chapter 1. The history of the birth of the French National Library

French National Library ( Bibliotheque nationale de France) - at different times had different names: the library of the king, royal, imperial and national; for a long time it was the personal library of the French kings, the Parisian national library.

Already King Pepin the Short had a collection of manuscripts. Charlemagne founded a library in Aachen, quite significant for that time, but after his death the library was sold. King Louis IX again assembled a contented large library, which he bequeathed to four spiritual communities. .

The real founder of the Royal Library of Paris was Charles V, who started a library not only for himself, but also to enable scientists to work; he not only bought and forced to rewrite manuscripts, but also ordered some books to be translated "for the benefit of the kingdom and the whole of Christendom." In 1367-1368, the library, by order of the king, was transferred to the Falcon Tower (tour de la Fauconnerie) in the Louvre. In 1373, its catalog was compiled, supplemented in 1380. This library suffered greatly from the fact that royal relatives took books from it and did not return them back. Of the 1200 lists that were in the library, only 1/20 of them have come down to us. .

Louis XII transferred the Louvre library to Blois and attached it to the library collected there by his grandfather and father, the Dukes of Orleans; he also acquired a rich collection of books of the dukes of Milan, part of the books from the library of Petrarch and a collection of books by Louis de Bruges, seigneur de la Gruthuyse (de la Gruthuyse).

The generally accepted year of birth of the NBF is 1480. King Francis I added to the royal library his personal collection, collected by his father and grandfather; he continued with great diligence to collect books, in France and abroad, to enlarge the library. Under him, the royal library was one of the richest in all of Europe; little by little it is no longer regarded as the personal property of the king, and it becomes a public institution open to scientists. .

Under Francis I, the positions of the chief librarian of the royal library, his assistants and bookbinders were established.

Francis I, by decree of December 28, 1537 (the "Decree of Montpellier"), introduced an obligatory deposit (it was canceled at the end of the 18th century, and restored in 1810) so that "books and their contents would not disappear from human memory." Thus, the introduction of legal deposit of printed materials creates a fundamental stage in the development of the library. .

At the end of the reign of Charles IX, the library from Fontainebleau was moved to Paris. Under Louis XIII, a library was established in the Louvre, which belonged personally to the king and was called the Cabinet du roi. In the reign of Louis XIV, the royal library acquired by purchase and donation a very large number of books and manuscripts of paramount importance. .

In the 16th century, the Royal Library of France ranked first among the largest libraries in Europe. The library fund has increased many times over, librarians could not memorize so many names. And in 1670, N. Clement, the head of the library at that time, developed a special classification of printed publications, allowing them to be quickly searched.

Abbé Bignon, who was appointed librarian in 1719, made a special contribution to the development of the Royal Library. He proposed to divide the library fund into departments, pursued a policy of acquiring the most important works of European writers and scientists, and sought to make it easier for ordinary readers (initially, the Library was open only to scientists) to access funds Royal Library.

In 1795 the Library was declared national by the Convention. The National Library underwent huge changes during the Great French Revolution. Significant revenues were received during the years of the revolution in connection with the confiscation of monastic and private libraries, libraries of immigrants and princes during the period of the Paris Commune. A total of two hundred and fifty thousand printed books, fourteen thousand manuscripts, and eighty-five thousand engravings are believed to join the Library during this period.

The largest book acquisition of the NBF was the library of French cardinals: Richelieu and Mazarin. However, the value of this acquisition is not only in the documents, but also in the fact that Gabriel Naudet was in charge of this library. It is with him that an analytical description is introduced.

On behalf of Mazarin, Naudet traveled throughout Europe and acquired entire libraries for the cardinal from representatives of the European nobility, which led to the formation in France of a retrospective European fund.

Subsequently, the library began to be located in Paris on the rue Richelieu (immediately behind the Palais Royal) in an ensemble of buildings of the 17th century, built according to the project of Mansart for Cardinal Mazarin and expanded after 1854.

The development of the library system in France is largely based on the achievement of enlightenment. However, the literacy of the population began to decline sharply in the second half of the 20th century and this was due to the migration of people from the countries of the 3rd world. Therefore, all public libraries were forced to include educational programs in their activities.

Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the library did not stop growing and gaining funds. In connection with the expansion of the fund, it became necessary to create new buildings, new departments and, accordingly, new buildings.

In 1988, President François Mitterrand supported a program to reform the library, in accordance with which the main funds were moved to modern high-rise buildings in the 13th arrondissement of Paris (architect Dominique Perrault). At that time, the number of printed books in the library's collection exceeded 9 million.

On March 1995, French President François Mitterrand inaugurated the new library complex, located on the left bank of the Seine on a 7.5-hectare site along Rue Tolbiac.

Chapter 2. Main Buildings and Departments of the NBF

The National Library of France at the present stage is located in eight library buildings and complexes in Paris and its suburbs, among them: the world-famous architectural ensemble along Richelieu Street, which housed the Royal Library, the Arsenal Library, the Jean Vilar House in Avignon, the Opera Library Museum. The structure of the NBF also includes five conservation and restoration centers, three of which are located in the suburbs of Paris. In 1994, a new library complex was built on the left bank of the Seine, named after F. Mitterrand.

1.On March 30, 1995, French President François Mitterrand inaugurated a new library complex located on the left bank of the Seine on a 7.5-hectare site along Rue Tolbiac. Initially, this complex was conceived as an independent large library of the third millennium. The initiator of the construction of the "Very large library" (" Tres grande bibliotheque ) was François Mitterrand. After extensive discussion of the concept of the new library, it was decided to build not just a large library of the 21st century, but the national library of France of the future. To implement the decisions taken, the association "For the Library of France" was created, in 1989 an international competition was held for the best project of the "Libraries of the Future". The competition was attended by 244 applicants, including 139 foreign ones. The international jury unanimously recognized the project of the young French architect Dominique Perrault as the best.

2.The Richelieu Library contains the department of maps and plans, the department of prints and photographs, the department of manuscripts, the department of oriental manuscripts, the department of coins, medals and works of ancient art. Although today most of the collection of the French National Library has been moved to the Francois Mitterrand Library, the most valuable remains in the old part, located on Richelieu Street, just behind the Palais Royal.

3.The Jean Vilar House Museum was opened in 1979. It is a regional center for documentation and cultural and educational work, providing readers with materials about the art of the performance. The library includes approximately 25,000 works, 1,000 video titles, iconographic documents, costume designs.

4.The Arsenal Library was attached to the National Library in 1934. It was first mentioned in 1754. In 1797 it was opened as a public library. It is based on the unique library of the famous writer, bibliophile and collector Marquis de Paulmy, which stores the collection of Count d "Artois (King Charles X), the Bastille archives, as well as collections confiscated from private individuals, churches and emigrants during the revolution of 1789-1794 The Library includes 14,000 manuscripts, 1 million printed editions, 100,000 engravings.

5.The Library-Museum of the Opera was established on June 28, 1669 at the Royal Academy of Music and has occupied various premises throughout its development. The Library-Museum of the Opera has been accessible to the public since 1878. The Reading Room of the Department has 180 seats and contains 600,000 literary, musical, archival and iconographic documents, 1680 titles of periodicals and several tens of thousands of drawings and typographic posters.

Currently, the NBF is doing a lot to improve the quality of customer service. An automated integrated information system, developed specifically for this library, should unite all buildings, ensuring a clear coordination of their activities.

Chapter 3. Current state of the NBF

At present, the National Library of France is the richest collection of Francophone<#"justify">french national library literature

The NBF applies the ISBD standards, the MARC INTERMARC format, and the exchange of bibliographic records is carried out in the UNIMARC format.

The NBF participates in the work of UNESCO, IFLA and other international organizations.

Many people visit various exhibitions. In the new library complex, the total area of ​​exhibition halls is 1400 m2. For conferences, seminars, meetings and other events, the library has a system of halls, of which one is designed for 350 seats, the other - for 200 seats and six - for 50 seats each. As paid services, these halls can be provided to organizations and institutions for various events. The library also has bookstores, kiosks, cafes and restaurants.

The average age of visitors is 39, while the average age of readers is 24. The composition of visitors is as follows: 21% - employees, 17% - students, 16% - pensioners, 20% - teachers and representatives of free professions, 29% - non-Parisians and foreigners. .

The collections of the NBF are unparalleled in the world: these are fourteen million books and publications; these are also manuscripts, engravings, photographs, maps and plans, scores, coins, medals, audio and video recordings, multimedia, scenery, costumes. In the spirit of encyclopedism, all areas of intellectual activity, art and science are represented. About 150,000 documents are received each year, either as legal deposit or through purchases or donations.

With the invention of book scanning technology<#"center">Conclusion

Now the National Library of France is the center of modern intellectual life and culture. It stores the knowledge accumulated by humanity, making it available to everyone. Place of access to information and scientific work. Center for cultural exchange. The memory of what happened. .

In the new building of the library - "Francois Mitterrand Libraries" are stored: funds of printed materials, as well as audio and video materials. In the historical building of the library in the center of Paris in the "Richelieu Library" is currently under reconstruction, houses the departments of manuscripts, prints, photographs, maps and plans, coins and medals. Seven centuries of history, today: 35,000,000 items. Every day the library receives more than a thousand copies of periodicals and hundreds of book titles. .

The Belarusian Popular Front participates in the international book exchange with the largest libraries in the world. And he collects funds related to all areas of knowledge. Catalog indexing and classification of each item of storage received in the collections ensures its easy search in the catalog. Computerized catalogs are available throughout the world via the Internet. Store and digitize.

Today, the NBF is accelerating the digitization of its collections, preserving the originals for future generations. A course has been taken to develop the latest technologies. Book miniatures, posters, photographs are restored in special workshops and photo studios. bnf website. fr and the electronic library "Gallika" - provide access to thousands of texts and images. Large-scale work on digitization with subsequent storage on all types of media. Printed matter, including press, audio recordings, drawings, scores. The NBF is a member of the European electronic library project Europeana.

Seminars, conferences, screenings of films and videos, numerous exhibitions make the library a center of intense cultural life, open to the general public. The NBF actively cooperates with other organizations in France, Europe and the world. To jointly develop an idea of ​​the library of the future, a true virtual library without borders.

Bibliography

1.Bibliothèque nationale de France [Electronic resource]. Access mode: http://www.bnf. fr/fr/outils/a. bienvenue_a_la_bnf_ru.html#SHDC__Attribute_BlocArticle0BnF . - Date of circulation 2.10.13.

Library encyclopedia / RSL. - M.: Pashkov house, 2007. - 1300 p.: ill. - ISBN 5-7510-0290-3.

Wikipedia [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://ru. wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallica . - Date of circulation 3.10.13.

Vodovozov V.V. National Library of Paris / V.V. Vodovozov // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron. - Owen - Patent on fights. - v.22a. - 1897. - p.793-795

Bibliology: encyclopedic dictionary / editorial board: N.M. Sikorsky (editor-in-chief) [i dr.]. - M.: Soviet encyclopedia, 1982. - S.371-372.

Kuznetsova, R.T. Current national bibliographic accounting in France at the present stage / T.R. Kuznetsova // Library Science and Bibliography Abroad. - 1991. - Issue 126. - P.52-59.

Leritier, A. Department of Printed Editions of the National Library in Paris (funds and catalogues) / A. Leritier // Library Science and Bibliography Abroad. - 1977. - Issue 65. - P.5-11.

National Libraries of the World. Handbook, M., 1972, pp. 247-51; Dennry E., Bibliothèque nationale de Paris, "Library Science and Bibliography Abroad" 1972, v.40, pp.3-14.

Nedashkovskaya, T.A. Organization of library services in the new complex of the National Library of France / Т.А. Nedashkovskaya // Libraries abroad: collection / VGIBL; ed. : E.A. Azarova, S.V. Pushkov. - M., 2001. - S.5-20.

Chizhova, N.B. The concept of "national library": Theoretical and methodological foundations in world and domestic practice / N.B. Chizhova // Cultural life of the South of Russia. - 2012. - No. 4 (47). - p.114-117

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National Library of France (France) - description, history, location. Exact address, phone number, website. Reviews of tourists, photos and videos.

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7th place in the list of the world's largest libraries is a very impressive figure. The National Library of France is generally special: more than 14 million books are stored in an old mansion and folio towers, more than 2,700 employees, and more than 1.3 million readers a year. History is honored here, but they are confidently keeping up with the times: as soon as text scanning technology appeared, the most sought-after funds were digitized and placed online. The library is also involved in the development of methods for speech recognition and machine translation: the faster the progress, the more accessible the knowledge.

The National Library of France is one of the oldest in Europe. It was founded in the 14th century by Charles V the Wise, who allowed scientists to work with manuscripts for the benefit of the kingdom. But those close to the monarch were in no hurry to return the taken books, so there was practically nothing left of the collection. During the revolution, the library was nationalized and replenished with the collections of Saint-Germain-des-Pres, the Sorbonne and other institutions and private collectors.

By 1854, the vault had grown so much that the architectural ensemble of the 17th century had to be expanded. The most valuable specimens are kept to this day in a historic building on the street. Richelieu - solemn, with a front court d'honneur, a huge staircase and spacious halls. The remaining volumes moved to a new complex built according to the project of Dominique Perrault on the left bank of the Seine: 4 high towers in the form of open books - one of the brightest monuments of the era of Francois Mitterrand.

Practical information

Richelieu Library Address: Paris, 58, Rue de Richelieu, 75002. The nearest metro stations are Bourse, Palais-Royal and Pyramides, open from 10:00 to 18:00, closed on Sundays.

Address of the Mitterrand Library: Paris, Quai Francois-Mauriac, 75706. Metro Quai de la Gare and Bibliotheque Francois-Mitterrand, opening hours - from 9:00 to 20:00 from Tuesday to Saturday, from 13:00 to 19:00 on Sunday .

The National Library of France has its origins in the King's Library incorporated into the Louvre by Charles V. Royal Library and then Imperial before becoming National. The mission of the BNF (French: Bibliothèque nationale de France) is to collect and store everything published in France in order to make information available to researchers and professionals. Heir and guardian of the national memory, she is responsible for passing it on to future generations. It also aims to expand access to a wider audience.

Compulsory deposit was introduced in 1537 by Francis I. By a decree of December 28, the king of France introduced a new and decisive principle for increasing collections: he ordered printers and booksellers to bring any printed book to the bookshop of the castle of Blois for sale in the kingdom.

The creation of this obligation, called legal deposit, represents a fundamental date for the heritage of France, even if at the beginning this measure was not very accurately used. This obligation was abolished during the Liberty Revolution, but reinstated in 1793 to protect literary property, and reorganized in 1810 to oversee printing. In 1925, book printer/publisher double deposit was introduced which increased efficiency, legal deposit today is governed by a code of inheritance and an ordinance of December 31, 1993, amended in 2006.

The birth of a great architectural project

In 1988, it was decided to create a new building in Tolbiac, to increase the collections and expand the research. In July 1989, an international jury headed by the architect I.M. Pei selected four projects, highlighting in particular the design of Dominique Perrault, chosen by the President of the Republic, François Mitterrand on August 21, 1989. Since 1990, major projects have been launched to prepare for the transfer of collections: inventory (inventory) and general computerization of catalogs.

In 1996, a new attraction appeared in Paris - the new building of the National Library of France (Bibliotheque Nationale de France) was inaugurated, which bears the name of the former president of the country, Francois Mitterrand. This is the main library repository. The building itself consists of four towers, resembling open books and framing a park of 12,000 square meters. Each of the four towers […]

In 1996 in paris a new landmark appeared - a new building was solemnly opened National Library of France (Bibliotheque Nationale de France), which bears the name of the former president of the country Francois Mitterrand. This is the main library repository. The building itself consists of four towers, resembling open books and framing a park of 12,000 square meters. Each of the four towers has its own name - the tower of Time, the tower of Laws, the tower of Numbers and the tower of Letters and Letters.

The National Library of France, dating back to the 14th century, was first royal, then imperial, before becoming a national institution. Its mission is to collect and store all published work, regardless of the media, with the aim of making it available to researchers and professionals. Under French law, publishers must deposit several copies of their published material with the Bibliothèque Nationale.

The construction of a new library building began in 1988 at the initiative of the President Mitterrand. According to his plan, it was supposed to become one of the largest libraries in the world and have all the modern means of transmitting and exchanging information. Mitterrand's dream came true. The library contains not only historical and contemporary works, but exhibitions and conferences are regularly held here. The library fund annually increases by 130 thousand books. She receives at least one copy of any book or newspaper that has been published in France. And the total number of the library fund is estimated at 30 million books and historical documents.

The new repository of the National Library of France (Bibliotheque Nationale de France) named after François Mitterrand
Quai François Mauriac, 75706 Paris Cedex 13, France‎
bnf.fr

Take the metro to the Bibliothèque François Mitterrand station

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