Literature about the youth during the Second World War. War childhood in the works of Russian writers

"... You cannot be a man and remain indifferent to the fate of the country in which you were born and live, just as you cannot be indifferent to your beloved woman and to those who have intercepted the bullet intended for you with their hearts" - writer Boris Balter (1919 -1974).

In order for children to know and remember the heroic deeds of our grandfathers and fathers, they need to cultivate patriotic feelings. Tell about the war, oh deceased relatives, about the hard trials that millions of people had to endure, about the fight against fascism and about Victory. Only then will the child be able to understand what love for the Motherland is and how important it is to be able to protect their Fatherland and their loved ones, if necessary.

Already junior schoolchildren can start reading children's books on military topics. Of course, the most interesting for them will be those works, the heroes of which are their peers. Books about war will help the younger generation learn to truly love their family, appreciate all the good things in their lives. Our children, getting acquainted with the literature about the Great Patriotic War, should be aware that their peers in the distant forties of the last century not only fought the difficulties of wartime in the rear, but also made their direct contribution to the Victory, having entered the fight against the enemy on an equal basis with adults!

Invite the children to read:

For preschool and junior school age:

• Baruzdin S. "A soldier walked along the street"
• Kassil L. "Your Defenders"
• Markusha A. "I am a soldier and you are a soldier"
• Gaidar A. "Timur's Oath", "The Tale of the Military Secret, about the Boy-Kibalchish and his firm word"
• Artyukhova N. "Svetlana"
• Voronkova L. "Girl from the City"
• Golyavkin V. "Drawing on the pavement"

For middle school age:

• Alekseev S. "Stories about the War". The book includes stories about the heroic Moscow battle, the great battles on the banks of the Volga, on Kursk Bulge, about the defense of Sevastopol, the blockade of Leningrad, about the storming of Berlin. The author, having met the war as a cadet of the flight school, seemed to write off from his memory what he saw and experienced in those early years, having addressed his book to those who love their native country and are proud of its great past.
• Mityaev A. "Letter from the front". The book includes stories of the author, a participant in the war, about the everyday life of the war. This is not a simple book in which the author analyzes the causes and consequences of the events taking place on the front. Together with the heroes, we are going through the difficulties of the path of a front-line soldier to Victory. The author drew attention to the touching details of the life of that time. And they are more than the analysis of battles and battles, they bring us closer to understanding human feelings... Together with the author, we sympathize with young soldiers who are becoming adults right before our eyes. For them, war is hard work, and least of all they think about heroic deeds. But, honestly fulfilling it, yesterday's boys become heroes.
• Kataev V. "Son of the Regiment". It's bright, true story about the difficult fate of Vanya Solntsev, who fought on a par with adult soldiers and proved that feat is not only courage and heroism, but also great work, unbending will and great love for the Motherland. The works of Valentin Kataev are included in the extracurricular reading program.
• Balter B. "Goodbye, boys!" "Goodbye boys!" - the most famous work Balter, who immediately captivated readers, translated and appreciated almost in all countries of the European continent. In 1964, a film was shot based on the story, and the play was staged at the Moscow Theater. Lenin Komsomol, collected invariable sold out. This story is about a southern city filled with heat and the smell of acacias, oh young heroes, yesterday's schoolchildren and future soldiers, about friendship, awakening love and the feeling of the infinity of life, happy and unpredictable.

• Likhanov A. "The last cold weather"
• Oseeva V. "Vasek Trubachev and his comrades"
• Bogomolov V. "Ivan", "Zosia"
• Ilyina E. "The fourth height"
• Kassil L. "Street youngest son»
• Alekseev S. “Great Victories. Stories about the Great Patriotic War for children "
• For senior school age: Bondarev Yu. "The battalions are asking for fire"
• Medvedev D. "Strong in spirit"
• Polevoy B. "The Story of a Real Man"

Stories about the Great Patriotic War by Vladimir Bogomolov

Vladimir Bogomolov. Extraordinary morning

Grandfather went to his grandson's bed, tickled his cheek with his gray mustache and said cheerfully:

- Well, Ivanka, get up! It's time to get up!

The boy quickly opened his eyes and saw that his grandfather was dressed unusually: instead of the usual dark suit, he was wearing a military tunic. Vanya immediately recognized this jacket - his grandfather was photographed in it in May 1945 on the last day of the war in Berlin. The jacket has green shoulder straps with a small green star on a red narrow strip, and above the pocket, medals on beautiful multi-colored ribbons are gently tinkling.

On the photo, grandfather is very similar, only his mustache is completely black-black, and a thick wavy forelock peeped out from under the visor of his cap.

- Ivan the hero, get up! Get ready for the hike! - the grandfather hummed merrily over his ear.

- Is today already Sunday? - asked Vanya. - And we will go to the circus?

- Yes. Today is Sunday, - the grandfather pointed to the leaf of the calendar. “But Sunday is special.

The boy looked at the calendar: "What is this special Sunday?" He thought. On the calendar sheet, the name of the month, the date was printed in red ink. As always. “Maybe today is Victory Day? But this holiday happens in spring, in May, and now it is still winter ... Why is grandfather in military uniform?»

- Yes, you take a good look, - said the grandfather and lifted Vanya in his arms, brought him to the calendar and asked:

- See what month? - And he himself answered:

- February month. And the number? Second. And what happened on that day, many, many years ago, in 1943? Forgot? Oh you, Ivan - a soldier's grandson! I told you, and more than once. And last year, and the year before last ... Well, remember? ..

- No, - Vanya honestly admitted. - I was very little then.

The grandfather lowered his grandson to the floor, squatted down and pointed to the yellow polished medal, which hung on the jacket first after two silver ones - "For Courage" and "For Military Merit." Soldiers with rifles were minted on the medal circle. They went on the attack under the unfurled banner. Airplanes flew over them, and tanks rushed from the side. Above, near the very edge, was ousted: "For the defense of Stalingrad."

- I remembered, I remembered! - Vanya shouted delightedly. - On this day, you defeated the Nazis on the Volga ...

Grandfather smoothed his mustache and, pleased, uttered:

- Well done for remembering! I have not forgotten, then. Today we will walk with you through the places where the battles were going on, where we stopped the Nazis and from where we drove all the way to Berlin!

Come, reader, and we follow grandfather, and remember the days when the fate of our country, our Motherland was decided near the city on the Volga.

Grandfather and grandson walked through the winter sunny city... Snow creaked underfoot. Ringing trams passed by. Trolleybuses rustled heavily with large tires. Cars rushed one after another ... Tall poplars and wide maples were nodding affably to pedestrians with snow-covered branches ... Sunbeams bounced off the blue windows of new houses and briskly jumped from floor to floor.

Coming out into the wide Station Square, the grandfather and the boy stopped at a snow-covered flower bed.

A tall spire with a golden star rose above the station building into the blue sky.

Grandfather took out a cigarette case, lit a cigarette, looked around the railway station, the square, new houses, and again the events of the distant war years were recalled to him ... junior lieutenant stock, veteran warrior.

The Great Patriotic War was going on.

Hitler forced other countries - his allies - to participate in the war against us.

The enemy was strong and dangerous.

Our troops had to temporarily retreat. We had to temporarily give up our lands to the enemy - the Baltic states, Moldova, Ukraine, Belarus ...

The Nazis wanted to take Moscow. Already in binoculars they examined the capital ... The day of the parade was appointed ...

Yes, Soviet soldiers defeated enemy troops near Moscow in the winter of 1941.

Defeated near Moscow, Hitler ordered his generals in the summer of 1942 to break through to the Volga and capture the city of Stalingrad.

The access to the Volga and the capture of Stalingrad could provide the fascist troops with a successful advance to the Caucasus, to its oil riches.

In addition, the capture of Stalingrad would split the front of our armies in two, cut off the central regions from the southern ones, and most importantly, would give the Nazis the opportunity to bypass Moscow from the east and take it.

Having transferred 90 divisions to the southern direction, all reserves, creating an advantage in manpower and equipment, the fascist generals in mid-July 1942 broke through the defenses of our South-Western Front and moved towards Stalingrad.

The Soviet command did everything to detain the enemy.

Two reserve armies were urgently allocated. They stood in the way of the Nazis.

The Stalingrad Front was created between the Volga and the Don.

Women, children and old people were evacuated from the city. Fortifications were built around the city. They stood in the way of the fascist tanks steel hedgehogs and nadolby.

In each factory, workers created battalions of volunteer militias. During the day they collected tanks, made shells, and after the shift they prepared to defend the city.

The fascist generals received an order to wipe out the city on the Volga.

And on a sunny day on August 23, 1942, thousands of aircraft with black crosses fell on Stalingrad.

Wave after wave of Junkers and Heinkels went, dropping hundreds of bombs on residential areas of the city. Buildings collapsed, huge pillars of fire rose to the sky. The whole city was enveloped in smoke - the glow of burning Stalingrad could be seen for tens of kilometers.

After the raid, the fascist generals reported to Hitler: the city was destroyed!

And they received the order: take Stalingrad!

The Nazis managed to break through to the outskirts of the city, to the tractor plant and to the Oak ravine. But there they were met by battalions of volunteer workers, security officers, anti-aircraft gunners and cadets of a military school.

The battle went on all day and all night. The Nazis did not enter the city.

Vladimir Bogomolov. Battalion Fedoseev

Enemy soldiers managed to break through to the city's railway station.

There were fierce battles at the station for fourteen days. The soldiers of the battalion of senior lieutenant Fedoseyev stood to death, repelling more and more enemy attacks.

Our command kept in touch with Fedoseev's battalion, first by phone, and when the Nazis surrounded the station, then by radio.

But Fedoseyev did not answer the call signs of the headquarters. They called him all day, but he was silent. It was decided that all the soldiers of the battalion had died. Morning came, and over the broken roof of one of the houses they saw a red banner fluttering. This means that the Fedoseevites are alive and continue to fight the enemy!

The commander of the army, General Chuikov, ordered that the order be delivered to Senior Lieutenant Fedoseev, so that he and his men would withdraw to new positions.

Sergeant Smirnov was sent as a liaison. The sergeant somehow got to the ruins of the station and learned that only ten men remained from the battalion. The commander, senior lieutenant Fedoseev, was also killed.

The messenger asks: “Why are you silent? Why don't you answer the callsigns of the headquarters? "

It turned out that the shell had broken the radio. Killed the radio operator.

The fighters began to wait for the night to retreat to new positions. Meanwhile, the Nazis again launched an attack.

Ahead were tanks, followed by submachine gunners.

The Fedoseevites lay in the ruins.

Enemy soldiers are advancing.

Closer and closer. Closer.

Fedoseevites are silent.

The Nazis decided that all our soldiers had died ... And, standing up to their full height, rushed to the station.

- Fire! - the command was distributed.

Submachine guns and machine guns were jammed.

Bottles with a combustible mixture flew into the tanks.

One tank caught fire, another skidded, a third stopped, a fourth turned back, followed by fascist submachine gunners ...

The soldiers took advantage of the enemy's panic, took off the banner pierced by the shrapnel and went to their basements, to new positions.

The Nazis paid dearly for the station.

In mid-September, Nazi troops again intensified their attacks.

They managed to break into the city center. There were battles for every street, for every house, for every floor ...

From the station, grandfather and grandson went to the Volga embankment.

Let's go and we will follow them.

Next to the house where they stopped, a tank turret was installed on a gray square plinth.

Here, during the battles for the city, the headquarters of the main, central, crossing was located.

To the right and to the left of this place, trenches stretched along the entire Volga bank. Here our troops defended the approaches to the Volga, from here they repulsed enemy attacks.

Such monuments - the green tower of a tank on a pedestal - stand along our entire line of defense.

Here the soldiers of Stalingrad made an oath: "Not a step back!" Further, to the Volga, they did not allow the enemy - they protected the approaches to the river crossings. Our troops received reinforcements from the other side.

There were several crossings across the Volga, but at the central one the Nazis were especially fierce.

Vladimir Bogomolov. Flight "Swallows"

Enemy bombers hung over the Volga day and night.

They chased not only tugboats, self-propelled guns, but also fishing boats, small rafts - they sometimes ferried the wounded.

But the river workers of the city and the military sailors of the Volga flotilla, in spite of everything, delivered the goods.

Once there was such a case ...

They summon Sergeant Smirnov to the command post and give the task: to get to that bank and tell the chief of the rear of the army that the troops will hold out at night at the central crossing, and in the morning there will be nothing to repel the enemy's attacks. We urgently need to deliver ammunition.

Somehow the sergeant got to the chief of the rear, conveyed the order of the commander of the army, General Chuikov.

The soldiers quickly loaded a large barge and began to wait for the launch.

They wait and think: "A powerful tug will come up, pick up a barge and quickly throw it across the Volga."

The soldiers are looking - an old steamer is flopping down, and it is somehow inappropriately named - "Swallow". The noise from it is such that you plug your ears, and the speed is like that of a turtle. "Well, they think - you can't even get to the middle of the river on this one."

But the barge commander tried to calm down the soldiers:

- Do not look that the steamer is slow-moving. He transported more than one barges like ours. The team at "Swallow" is fighting.

The Swallow approaches the barge. The fighters are watching, and there are only three people on the team: the captain, the mechanic and the girl.

Before the steamer had time to approach the barge, the girl, the daughter of the mechanic Grigoriev, Irina, deftly hooked on the hook of the cable and shouts:

- Let a few people on the longboat, you will help fight off the Nazis!

Sergeant Smirnov and two soldiers jumped onto the deck, and the Swallow dragged the barge.

As soon as we reached the reach, German reconnaissance planes circled in the air, and rockets hung over the crossing by parachutes.

It became around as light as day.

Bombers flew behind the scouts and began to dive first on the barge, then on the launch.

Soldiers from rifles hit the planes, bombers almost touch the pipes, the mast of the launch with their wings. To the right and to the left along the sides are columns of water from bomb explosions. After each explosion, the soldiers look around anxiously: “Is it really all. Got it ?! " They looked - the barge was moving towards the shore.

The captain of the "Swallow", Vasily Ivanovich Krainov, old Volgar, know the steering wheel turns left and right, maneuvers - takes the longboat away from direct hits. And everything - forward to the shore.

The German mortar men noticed the steamer and the barge and also began to fire at.

Mines are flying with a howl, slamming into the water, shrapnel whistling.

One mine hit the barge.

A fire started. Flames ran across the deck.

What to do? Cut the cable? The fire is about to get close to the boxes with shells. But the captain of the launch abruptly turned the steering wheel, and ... "Swallow" went to approach the burning barge.

Somehow they moored to the high side, grabbed hooks, fire extinguishers, buckets of sand - and onto the barge.

The first is Irina, followed by the fighters. Fall asleep fire on deck. They knock him off the boxes. And no one thinks that any box can explode every minute.

The soldiers have thrown off their greatcoats, pea jackets, cover them with tongues of flame. The fire burns hands and faces. It's stuffy. Smoke. It's hard to breathe.

But the soldiers and the Swallow team turned out to be stronger than the fire. The ammunition was rescued and brought ashore.

All the longboats and boats of the Volga flotilla had so many such voyages that they cannot be counted. Heroic Flights.

Soon in the city on the Volga, where there was a central ferry, a monument will be erected to all river heroes.

Vladimir Bogomolov. 58 days on fire

It is very close from the central ferry to Lenin Square, the main square of the city.

From afar, passers-by from the wall of the house, which comes out onto the square, notice a soldier in a helmet. The soldier looks attentively and seriously, as if asking not to forget about those who fought here in the square.

Before the war, few knew this house - only those who lived in it. Now this house is famous!

Pavlov's House! House of Soldier Glory!

This house was then the only surviving house on the square, not far from the crossing.

The Nazis managed to capture it.

Having placed machine guns and mortars on the floors, enemy soldiers began to fire at our positions.

The commander of the regiment, Elin, summoned the scouts - Sergeant Yakov Pavlov and the fighters: Sasha Alexandrov, Vasily Glushchenko and Nikolai Chernogolov.

“That's what, guys,” said the colonel, “go visit the Fritz at night. Find out how many of them are there, how best to get to them and whether it is possible to knock them out of there.

This house is a very important object from a strategic point of view. Whoever owns it keeps the entire Volga region under fire ...

At night at that time the streets were dark as in a cave. Hitler's soldiers were very afraid of the dark. Every now and then they fired flares into the night sky. And as soon as they notice any movement from our side, something suspicious - they immediately open a hurricane of fire.

It was on such an alarming night that Sergeant Pavlov set out with his comrades for reconnaissance. Where bent over, and where crawling on their bellies, they reached the extreme wall of this house.

We lay down, do not breathe. Listen.

Fascists in the house are talking, smoking, firing from rocket launchers.

Pavlov crawled to the entrance and hid. He hears someone coming up from the basement.

The sergeant prepared a grenade. Here the sky was illuminated by a rocket, and the scout made out an old woman at the entrance. And she saw the fighter, was delighted.

Pavlov quietly asks:

- What are you doing here?

- We didn't have time to leave for the Volga. There are several families here. The Germans drove us into the basement.

- Clear. Are there many Germans in the house?

- In those entrances we do not know, but in ours there are twenty people.

- Thank you, mother. Hide quickly in the basement. Tell the rest: do not go out to anyone. We're going to arrange a little fireworks for the Fritz.

Pavlov returned to his comrades, reported the situation.

- Let's act!

The scouts crept up to the house from both sides, got used to it and threw a grenade into the window frames.

One by one were heard strong explosions... A flame blazed out. It smelled like burning.

Stunned by the unexpected attack, the Nazis jumped out of the entrances, jumped out of the windows - and to their own.

- Fire on the enemy! - commanded Pavlov.

The scouts opened fire from machine guns.

- Behind me! Take up the floors! ..

On the second floor, the soldiers threw a few more grenades. The enemies decided that a whole battalion had attacked them. The Nazis abandoned everything and rushed in all directions.

The scouts examined the floors in all the entrances, made sure that not a single living fascist was left in the house, and Pavlov gave the command to take up defensive positions. The Nazis decided to recapture the house.

For an hour they fired at the house from cannons and mortars.

We finished the shelling.

The Nazis decided that the battalion of Russian soldiers could not stand it and withdrew to their own.

German submachine gunners again moved towards the house.

- Don't shoot without a command! - Sergeant Pavlov handed over to the fighters.

Now the submachine gunners are at the very house.

The well-aimed turns of the Pavlovites mowed down the enemies.

The Nazis retreated again.

And again mines and shells fell on the house.

It seemed to the Nazis that nothing alive could stay there.

But only the enemy submachine gunners rose and went on the attack, as they were met by well-aimed bullets and grenades of scouts.

For two days the Nazis stormed the house, but they could not take it.

The Nazis realized that they had lost an important object, from where they could shell the Volga and all our positions on the shore, and decided at all costs to knock out of the house Soviet soldiers... They brought in fresh forces - a whole regiment.

But our command also strengthened the scout garrison. To the aid of Sergeant Pavlov and his soldiers came machine gunners, armor-piercers, submachine gunners.

Soviet soldiers defended this house-border for 58 days.

You can get to the Krasny Oktyabr plant by trolleybus along Lenin Avenue.

Vanya sat at the window and every time they drove past the tank towers on pedestals, he happily shook his grandfather and shouted: “More! One more! .. Again! .. Look, grandfather! Look!.."

- I see, granddaughter! I see! These are all the front lines of our defense. Here the fighters fought to death, and the fascist troops were never able to break through.

The trolleybus stopped.

- Next stop "Red October"! - announced the driver.

- Ours, granddaughter! Get ready to go out.

Stalingrad factories.

In their workshops, the workers of the city stood at the machines for two or three shifts - they cooked steel, assembled and repaired tanks and guns put out of action by the enemy, made ammunition.

From the workshops, militia workers went to fight the enemy for native city, for the native plant.

Steel makers and distributors, assemblers, turners and locksmiths became soldiers.

Having repulsed the attacks of the enemy, the workers again returned to their machines. The factories continued to operate.

Defending their hometown, hometown plant, hundreds of brave workers became famous, including the first woman steelmaker Olga Kuzminichna Kovaleva.

Vladimir Bogomolov. Olga Kovaleva

The enemy is one and a half kilometers from the tractor plant, in the village of Meliorativny.

A detachment of militias was tasked with driving the Germans out of the village.

The battle began at the village, on the outskirts of it.

The militias went on the attack. Among them was the squad leader Olga Kovaleva.

The Nazis opened heavy fire on the attackers from machine guns and mortars ...

I had to lie down.

The militiamen clung to the ground, they cannot raise their heads. They looked - the Germans went on the attack. They are about to bypass them.

At this time, the chain of fighters reported that the commander of the detachment had died.

And then Olga Kovaleva decided to raise the fighters in a counterattack. She stood up to her full height and shouted:

- Follow me, comrades! Let's not let the enemy enter our plant! To our city !!!

The workers heard the call of Olga Kovaleva, rose and rushed towards the enemy.

- To the native plant! For our city! For the Motherland! Hooray!..

They drove the Nazis out of the village.

Many militias were killed in that battle. Killed

and Olga Kuzminichna Kovaleva.

In honor of the heroes of the militia, monuments were erected at the factory checkpoints.

On the marble slabs are the names of those who gave their lives in battles for the city, for their native factory.

Workers go to the factory and swear to the fallen to work so as not to dishonor their military honor.

Returning from the shift - mentally report what has been done during the working day.

At the tractor plant, a real T-34 tank is installed at the central checkpoint.

Such combat vehicles were produced here in the war.

When the enemy approached the city, tanks were sent straight from the assembly line into battle.

A lot heroic deeds were committed by Soviet tankers in the days great battle on the Volga.

CompassGid Publishing House

Age 12+

Soviet writer Stanislav Olefir was 2 years old when the war began. In their rasskhe writes about his childhood in a small village occupied by the Germans and after his liberation.This book is not only about war, cruelty and hunger, but also about amazing people living next to the hero.

Ella Fonyakova, "The Bread of That Winter"

Publishing house "Rech"

Age 6+

Ella Fonyakova, like her heroine Lenochka, was 7 years old in the first blockade winter. In this autobiographical book, the writer describes the life of a family in Leningrad surrounded by the Germans. On behalf of nfirst-grader Lenochka, she talks about her children's world: joys and pranks, games, friendship. And the more terrible that in this quiet world air raids, hunger and death burst.

Gennady Cherkashin, "Doll"

Publishing house "Rech"

Age 6+

The girl and her mother are returning home to Leningrad from evacuation. Mom's parents stayed in besieged city and did not survive. Their apartment is occupied by another family, and all of their belongings have been sold out.

Once, in the window of a thrift store, a girl sees her doll Mashenka, presented by her deceased grandfather. Every day the girl comes to her doll, reads her books, and her mother saves money to buy her daughter's favorite toy back.

The story does not describe cruelty and violence, Gennady Cherkashin hardly writes about the terrible realities of that time, so the book may become the first work about war in a child's life.

Eduard Verkin, "Cloud Regiment"

CompassGid Publishing House

Age 14+

The writer Eduard Verkin was born 30 years after the end of the war, but his novel about the life of adolescent partisans won first place in the Kniguru competition for children's books.

This modern novel about pioneer heroes, children whom the war found at school. A group of boys become partisans, they fight in forests and swamps, come under fire and meet death for the first time.

Peter van Gestel, "Winter when I grew up"

Samokat Publishing House

Age 12+

The novel by the Dutch writer Peter van Gestel is set immediately after the war, in 1947. A ten-year-old boy Thomas has new friend Pete. Everything about him is unusual: Pete has no parents and he lives with his aunt Jos. Over time, Thomas learns that all the relatives of his new friend died in the camps. Thanks to Pete and his sister, Beth Thomas learns terrible truth about the persecution of Jews, yellow stars and concentration camps.

Yuri German, "This is how it was"

Publishing house "Rech"

Age 6+

Another autobiographical work about Leningrad during the war.

The book was written on behalf of the first-grader Misha, who talks about the blockade, hunger, bombing, and the heroism of his parents. In the eyes of a child, everything does not look so scary.

Thanks to the simple language and the “childish” view of what is happening, the book can be read to preschoolers and elementary school students.

Judith Kerr, How Hitler Stole the Pink Rabbit

Publishing house "Belaya Vorona"

For middle-aged and older children

Nine year old Anna lives ordinary life German schoolgirl, but one day her life changes. Fearing the persecution of the Nazis, Anna's family fled from their native Berlin, first to Switzerland, then to France and England. The girl leaves her house, her friends and even her beloved pink rabbit. But despite the descriptions of the hardships of refugees' lives, the book has a happy ending - after all, the girl's family remained together.

The events that the writer tells about are familiar to her not only from books: the family of Judith Kerr also fled from Germany in the 30s.

John Boyne, The Boy in the Striped Pajamas

Phantom Press Publishing House

Nine-year-old father Bruno is transferred to new job, and together with him the family moved to Poland. In the new city, the boy is bored and has no one to play with, so he decides to go to the village, which he sees from the window, where all people walk in striped pajamas.

Bruno is naive and does not understand that this strange place is the Auschwitz concentration camp, and his father is his commandant. On the other side of the bars, he finds a new friend, the Jewish boy Shmuel.

Olga Kolpakova, "Wormwood tree"

CompassGid Publishing House

Age 12+

Little Mariikhe, her sisters, mother and aunt are Russian Germans. When the war begins, their whole peaceful life turns upside down. The girl's father goes to the front, and Mariikha has to leave her home and go to Siberia with her family. In simple language the writer talks about a difficult road, hunger, poverty and hardships of war. And also about friendship and love, and about a Christmas tree made of wormwood with toys made of dough, which relatives build for the girl and her sisters on the first Christmas in exile.

The story is based on the stories of the matured Mariikha.

Elena Ilyina, "The Fourth Height"

AST Publishing House

For middle school age

Every Soviet schoolchild knew this book by the writer Elena Ilyina. This is a story about a girl who actually lived, Gulya Koroleva, about her childhood and youth, independence, courage, hot temper and ability to admit her mistakes. About how the girl tried to escape to Spain, acted in films - and about how she left her newborn child in evacuation, went to the front and died heroically when she was only 20 years old.

Good day, dear readers! Tell me, how do you bring up the spirit of patriotism and love for the Motherland in your children? Probably, in response, you will also ask me about the age at which this should be done. And I will say that for preschoolers, this is quite relevant. Are you surprised? Well, after all, for sure on your bookshelves there are stories about animals, plants. So?

In the gardens, they are taught respect and hard work, helping families and other people. This is where education and love for the country as a whole begins. But book editions for correct education are integral part! Do you agree? At school, something more is invested in this concept, more serious works are added here. These include books about the Great Patriotic War for schoolchildren. What should they be by age? And what should you pay special attention to?

People of our generation still understand the meaning of such compositions, and, most importantly, their necessity. Remember how the teachers told us about that difficult time? Do you know why this was done and is being done? So that there is no repetition of the events of those terrible years... But, besides this, the authors try to convey to the little reader that it is necessary to respect loved ones, love the family and the Motherland, and be courageous.

But what kind of works will be of interest to children? Probably about the same as themselves. After all, the war erased the line of growing up. Children there immediately became adults, working in the rear and at the shooting ranges (after all, this was the case). Yes, this is heroism! All books should teach only the mind and hard work! So that the thoughts of the children do not creep into the minds of the horrors that are happening to today's youth!

Features of editions for 1 - 2 grades

The spirit of patriotism, of course, should be present here! But after studying the information and talking with one teacher, I will say: the more I forgive, the better. Do not give a kilo memoir to read right away. And here there should be no numbers, until the child understands this at the age of 7. Small stories will do. For example, such:

• "Letter from the front" Anatoly Mityaev. Small stories about heroism and courage. And the most interesting thing is that there is true facts! This means that the kids will walk on weekdays as soldiers.
• "Your defenders" Lev Kassil.
• “I am a soldier and you are a soldier” A. Merkusha.
• "Stories about the Great Moscow Battle" S. Alekseev.
• "The Story of a Loud Drum" Sofia Mogilevskaya.

Of course, a lot depends on the teacher, how he will convey this to the first graders. But the family should also influence the child's worldview. Do you agree with this statement?

For grade 3 about war

Children grow up every year, and their perception of life also changes. Literature needs to get a little more serious. But the texts should also not be too long, or even the child will not be interested in reading. We need to interest him, right?

• "Stories about Marshal Zhukov" A.S. Alekseev.
• "Oath of Timur" A. Gaidar.
• "Vitya Korobkov" by E. Suvorin.
• "Son of the Regiment" V. Kataev. When you are left all alone, without loved ones, it becomes scary. But if you are still a child, it is doubly worse. How can the military unit become both a mother and a father for an orphan? It turns out that it can.
• "Girl from the city" L. Voronkova. Another story about an orphan who has come a long way, but found a new family.
• "Girls from Vasilievsky Island" Y. Yakovlev. Honestly, a lump comes up in your throat when you just read short description... The diary of a little girl who died from hunger along with her family was taken as a basis.

Reading these publications, there is something to think about. The authors are trying to convey to the little reader what example should be followed in this life. And you can't lose your dignity in any, even the most difficult, situations.

4 - 5 grades

Already such adults at this age ... Independent children. They now have a lot of interests, they are curious to communicate with each other, hobbies appear outside the home. But the book should accompany you even at this stage! And, most importantly, it should arouse great interest! I read a lot of reviews about literature for this age. And here is a list of what the kids like the most:

• “Ivan. Zosia " Vladimir Bogomolov. Like many books, this one conveys the terrible war events through the eyes of a small child.
• "Vasyok Trubachev and his comrades" V.A. Oseeva.
• “How Seryozha went to war” Y. Yakovlev.
• "Extreme case" I. Turichin.

It is hard to imagine that we won the victory at the cost of children's lives. Some of them are still alive. These essays are bought for children, but many adults, having opened the book, read themselves. After all, it is interesting to know what our grandparents experienced in those terrible times. Do you have any favorite military-themed works?

6 - 8 grades

In terms of age, this is 12-14 years. He is quite an adult, capable of understanding a lot, having his own position. But at this age, the kids were already going to the front. My friend's grandmother at the age of 14 became a foreman on a collective farm. Who else will feed the country?

It is such feats that deserve to be written and talked about for many years to come. But what will be interesting to read to our students in the 6th - 8th grade.

• "Great Victories" Alekseev S. Do you think that our soldiers won only one victory, in Berlin? But no! After all, every liberated city is a great victory!
• "Street of the youngest son" Lev Kassil.
• "Last cold weather" A. A. Likhanov.
• “Three girls. The story of one apartment " Elena Vereiskaya. A tale of true friendship and devotion.
• Goodbye Boys Boris Blater.

But the sooner we start introducing the child to such things, the better. Do you know why? Because a certain period of time is allotted for the upbringing of the new generation. Today it will seem difficult and too sad to us, tomorrow, it will already be uninteresting for the kids. Teach a good book while your baby is interested.

I am very interested in what works are on the shelves in your home? What do you give children to read about the war? Maybe add to my list? Share your thoughts by leaving comments! And subscribe to blog updates. All the best!

1. The state of children's literature during the Great Patriotic War and post-war years... 2. Poetry of the period of the Great Patriotic War: childhood scorched by war.

3. Prose about the war. Genre variety. Problems, images. The humanistic pathos of Kataev's story "The Son of the Regiment". The image of Vanya Solntsev.

4. Development of the theme "war and children" in contemporary literature for kids.
With the onset of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45, the task of strengthening its civic consciousness was faced with particular urgency in children's literature. The children's writers focused on two main themes: the heroism of modern warriors at the front and the labor heroism of the people (including adolescents) in the rear.
Written for adults, "Young Guard" (1945, 2nd edition 1951) by A. Fadeev and "The Story of a Real Man" (1946) by B. Polevoy immediately became the favorite books of adolescents. The story of V. Kataev "The Son of the Regiment" (1945) tells about the struggle of the people against the German fascist invaders; L. Kassil and create a documentary story about a young intelligence officer partisan detachment Younger Son Street (1949). Deep psychological story L. "Girl from the City" (1943), on humanism Soviet people, has been translated into many languages. How children replaced their fathers and brothers who had gone to the front in their work is described in the stories of L. Kassil “My dear boys” (1944), I. “Malyshok” (1947), V. Oseeva Vasyok and his comrades ”(books 1 -2, 1947-51). Since the war, the themes of feat and labor, the participation of children in the great affairs of their fathers have taken a dominant place in Children's literature. I. Vasilenko tells about the life of the students of the school in the story "Star" (1948), about the village, about the restoration of the economy - L. in the story "Village Gorodishche" (1947), A. Musatov in the story "Stozhary" (1948). About life Soviet schoolchildren and the work of teachers were told by writers with experience in work: M. Prilezhaeva ("Masha's Youth", "With You"), ("My Class", "The Road to Life") and many others. The lives of Soviet children, issues of commune morality and the stories and stories of V. Belyaev, S. Baruzdin, A. L. Yu. Sotnik, Ya. E. N. R. Pogodin, Yu. Yu. Yakovlev and others are devoted to morality.
Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Poetry during the Great Patriotic War

Portrait of a hero in the lyrics about the Great Patriotic War (MINERALOVA)
A.F. Losev draws important conclusions for us in the story “Life” of 1941, which, by and large, were dictated by Russian history, Russian philosophy, and Russian literature: “Our philosophy should be the philosophy of the Motherland and the Victim“ ... ”There is no comprehension for each separate life if she is not planted in the bosom of the common, if she does not go back to this common thing that is dear to her, if she does not like this common, i.e. if she does not sacrifice herself for this common, does not deny herself for the sake of the longed-for and secret Motherland for every stranger's gaze "
What for?

Pay tribute to the few who are still alive

Remember those who gave their lives

Bow to the suffering of the people.

Try to understand how I survived Soviet Union and won

It is becoming increasingly difficult for today's youth to understand, because words are leaving the vocabulary.

Equality and brotherhood

Sense of Homeland

Heroism
All the more dominant is the definition of a tragic era instead of a heroic era, although it should be clear that one does not cancel the other, but places accents that are closer for some reason to our time.
How many "memorial" stones seem to have been thrown and will be thrown in the face of my Motherland?

How many arguments that it could be more graceful and aesthetically pleasing to defend it? Probably, today one can speculate, for another quarter of a century it seemed vulgar and sacrilegious: not a single sacrifice is in vain.

Probably, when 1000 years have passed and I will forget that June 22, 1941 was prom from my father, and that out of 7 Georgievs who studied in their class, he returned alive alone, and at the age of 37 he received his first heart attack, because the lead of war was catching up and catching up with them today.

BUT there is one more feature: born in the early 50s, we did not feel like a “post-war generation”, another decade has opened its arms to us, but the further from Great victory, so (paradox) we are closer to war.

So, by the right of that memory, I want to talk about the portrait of a hero in the literature of the Second World War

The topic is immense:

1. The lyrics revealed in the song of the Great Patriotic War Isakovsky, Fatyanov, Dolmatovsky

2. In military and post-war prose: gallery, but look at Yegor Dremov (Russian character Alexei Tolstoy) and Andrei Sokolov (M. Sholokhov The Fate of a Man) or the heroes of the story "Friday" by B. Vasiliev.
3. Poetry of the Second World War: hundreds of names
A living portrait of time and its hero:

Simonov

"Son of an artilleryman"

Aliger "Zoya"

Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin"

“A new war will break out when a generation grows up that does not remember it” (Romain Rolland)

“Lubochny "- Terkin

“Monumental"

“Sketch "

“Sketch"

“Engraving"

“Genre sketch "

During the Great Patriotic War, children's literature was presented by journalistic essays(A. Gaidar "War and Children", "Bridge", "Crossing"; S. Marshak "Native Children"; KI Chukovsky "War and Children").
LEV KASSIL ABOUT GAYDAR: (Miracle of Gaidar)
Help the growing boys and girls see the place that they must take in the indissoluble ranks of the builders of the communist future, among the fighters for a joyful human life, for the great, bright tranquility and peace in the whole world - this is the “most important thing” about which Gaidar was able to speak to children with such amazing, convincing simplicity.

Gaidar leads the little reader to the understanding of this "most important" with each of his lines. Everything in him - and the speech of the heroes, and the author's digressions, and the landscape - is subordinated to thoughts of greatness. Soviet country, about her mighty strength, everything calls to protect her happiness, won in a fierce struggle.

Gaidar told the guys more than once about what he considers the most important in the world:

“Right next to her, big-eyed cars, heavy trucks, rattling trams, dusty buses were rushing through the square, but they did not touch and seemed to take care of Natka, because she walked and thought about the most important things.
Frontline recordings review

The first appeal of A.P. Gaidar to youth and children during the Great Patriotic War was written in Moscow for the radio - it was the writer's passionate appeal: "Take up arms, Komsomol tribe!" Later, at the end of 1941, this appeal was published in the collection "Soviet Children", published by Detgiz.

In July 1941, A.P. Gaidar went to the front, near Kiev, as a special war correspondent for the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda. Gaidar's front-line records were published on the pages of Komsomolskaya Pravda and Pionerskaya Pravda. His correspondence from the front was marked “From the special correspondent of Komsomolskaya Pravda” and signed: “Army in action. Arkady Gaidar ".
The first correspondence - "At the Crossing" - was sent by Gaidar at the very beginning of August and published in the newspaper on August 8, on the third page, under the general heading: "Glory to the heroic Komsomol members of the order-bearing 306th regiment!"
August 20 at " Komsomolskaya Pravda"The second military essay of the writer appeared -" The Bridge ".
The third essay by AP Gaidar - "War and Children" - was published in "Komsomolskaya Pravda" on August 21. On the same day, the essay "War and Children" was published in " Pioneer Truth».
On August 30, Pionerskaya Pravda published Gaidar's letter to pioneers and schoolchildren before the start of a new school year- "Good luck!". This letter is known somewhat less than other front-line correspondence of A.P. Gaidar.
The essays "At the Frontline" and "Rockets and Grenades" were published in Komsomolskaya Pravda on September 17 and October 4, 1941.
"Rockets and grenades" - last piece created by the writer.
October 26, 1941 A.P. Gaidar died.
Sources:
Arkady Gaidar. Collected works in four volumes. Volume three. Publisher: Children's Literature. Moscow. 1964 year.
Along with journalism, there was psychological prose... Stories: L. Panteleev "On the Yalik", A. Platonov "Little Soldier". M. Prishvin "Stories about Leningrad Children", M. Zoshchenko "Poor Fedya".
– During the war, Platonov was a special correspondent for the Red Star in active army... He went to the place where, in hard military work, the soul and mind of the people, who had risen to defend the Motherland, were fully revealed. In the summer of 1943, he was at the Kursk Bulge, and in the spring of 1944, during the offensive battles of our army, in the Ukraine.

A fellow writer, Viktor Poltoratsky, who repeatedly met with Platonov at the front, recalls: “He was gentle and easy to handle, knew how to find his word for everyone - be it a soldier, a general, an old peasant woman or a child. He spoke in a dull voice, in a low voice, calmly and evenly. But sometimes he was harsh, prickly, always absolutely intolerant of falsehood and boasting. His tenacious, sharp gaze saw right through his interlocutor. Especially sincerely Platonov was able to talk with soldiers - workers of war. I remember his conversation with the sappers who were directing the crossing on the Goryn River. I was struck then by the deep professional knowledge of the writer of the business in which these soldiers were engaged. Yes, probably not only me, but also the soldiers who saw their own, working man in the war correspondent ").
Subject-compositional features.

- We can distinguish three parts, three main episodes. Part 1 - the scene of farewell at the station, which the narrator happened to witness. The first acquaintance with the heroes. Part 2 - a story about the fate of Seryozha Labkov, heard from the lips of Major Bakhichev. Part 3 - escape, can be titled with the words "God knows where he went."

the moral and philosophical problem of the incompatibility of war and childhood, the responsibility of adults for the fate of children, the importance of aesthetic and moral education children.

- The child is 9-10 years old, but he is dressed like a seasoned fighter, a little soldier. A gray overcoat, a garrison cap, boots - all these are clothes familiar to him, carefully sewn to size by adults. It is immediately clear that the hero fought, saw a lot, matured early. But on the weather-beaten face of a "man adapted to life" the author at the same time notices sadness, longing, unwillingness to part with an older friend. The child does not let go of one of the major, pressing his face to the hand of a person dear to him, ”and, despite the affection, warm words of another major, remains indifferent to him. Probably, he already experienced the pain of parting with loved ones and is afraid of a new separation, looks at Major Savelyev with prayer and hope, as if persuading him not to leave him with a stranger.

Psychological details excite us, the readers, and we want to know the riddle of the child, about his fate, to find an explanation for the boy's behavior.

At the beginning of the work, the author notes from all the diversity of the bustle of the station only that which reminds of home, happiness, family: the happiness of rest was captured on the tired faces of the Red Army, people who were still awake seemed to whisper coaxing, warm words to each other and even the singing of the boiler on duty the locomotive seems to resemble "a monotonous, soothing voice from a long-abandoned house." So already at the beginning of the story, the theme begins to sound peaceful life, home, family theme.

- He was imbued with the worries and anxieties of adults. Once he helped his father-colonel save an ammunition depot left on the land occupied by the Germans by cutting the explosive wire. Then he repeatedly made his way to the rear of the enemy, memorizing the location of the German troops, gave his father-commander "correct notches", that is, he did the work that experienced scouts usually did.
- Mother, unable to withstand the stress, worried about the life of her son, decided to send him to the rear, but Sergei could no longer leave the army. "His character was drawn into the war," writes Platonov, and these words contain a tremendous meaning. Seryozha does not think of himself in another life, categorically refusing to go to the rear. In the war, his father was seriously wounded, and he soon died. Seryozha's mother did not live long without a husband. And he was left an orphan. It becomes clear to us why Seryozha does not want to part with Major Savelyev, because he replaced his parents.

It is important for Platonov to convey to us, readers, a secret thought: no matter how fearless feats Seryozha performs, no matter how he surprises adults with his desperate courage, the child is still a child. We seem to hear the voice of Major Bakhichev, although the author does not introduce the actual direct speech of a military man. His words are simple and artless, stingy with feelings, facts prevail in speech, there is no such intensity of emotions, psychological details, as in the first part of the story. In this part, there is a lot of colloquial vocabulary, vernacular, sometimes the author specifically conveys speech shortcomings ("into battle," mother could not tolerate his uncomfortable position "and others.)

- In his mouth, this story looks more reliable. In addition, a military man most often pays attention to the factual, not the emotional side of the matter, and from this it becomes clearer main idea story. It is important for the author to understand the soul, the origins of the child's behavior: he did what, perhaps, was not always within the power of adults, and what is usually called a feat.
5) The third part of the story confirms this idea.
Is the ending unexpected for us?

- No, we had a presentiment that something was going to happen. The entire previous story about the hero prepared us for this. Seryozha remains true to himself - the escape from a good, decent Major Bakhichev was not an accident. Seryozha behaves in spite of adult logic... Yes, with Major Bakhichev it would be nice for him in everyday life: he would have been fed, shod and well-groomed, in any case, he would have always been. But the child's heart does not want to come to terms with the new loss, it is tired of getting used to and losing. What does Seryozha care about military necessity, to the point that Major Savelyev needs to take refresher courses! It is no coincidence that Platonov ends the story on the same piercing note as he began: “... he left, languishing with the feeling of his childish heart for the person who had left him, - maybe after him, maybe back to his father’s regiment, where his father’s graves were. and mother.

The main idea of ​​the story: according to Platonov, war is terrible not only because people are dying, their homes are being destroyed, their everyday life is collapsing, it is also terrible because grief eats away at the soul of a person, especially a child, deforms it, since no one, nothing can make up loss of parents, family, friend.

And adults, we are all responsible for that. So that the terrible does not happen again. It is no coincidence that on the last page of the story, the theme of happiness and childhood sounds again. The narrator and Major Bakhichev see a sleeping boy in the dorm room before escaping and do not recognize him: "His face, now moving away from sorrow and memories, became calm and innocently happy, showing the image of a holy childhood, from where the war took him away."

The stories written during the Great Patriotic War are conventionally divided into two groups:

1. Works, the plot of which develops directly in the frontline situation (behind enemy lines, on the front line): V. Kataev "Son of the Regiment", S. Zarechnaya "Eaglet", "Warm Heart".

2. Works, the action of which is mainly associated with the rear: L. Kassil "My dear boys", M. Prilezhaeva "Senior pupils", N. Rakovskaya "Boy from Leningrad", A. Kononov "Days of Sergei Glushkov", G. Matveev " Green Chains "and others.

The theme of memory in the story of A. Aleksin "Signalers and buglers", in the story of Y. Yakovlev "Kingfisher".