The ideal is a guiding star.

Without her there is no firm direction

and if there is no direction, there is no life.

L.N. Tolstoy

The main distinctive feature development modern Russia is the pursuit of seeking national idea... Understanding of the meaning of the national idea itself grows on a positive perception and reflection of the roots of its historical past, finding the deep sources of social life through comprehending one's own understanding of the greatness of the national idea and the revival of the best folk traditions stored in the treasury donated to the world by Russian literature.

It is well known that any country, nation, state only then acquire strength, stability, the will to live, the ability to develop, when people, people are inspired by a great idea, a noble and bright ideal. And vice versa, whenever a people loses a big goal, an inspiring idea, a dream, it loses an active creative charge, ceases to be a viable subject of history. Without a really existing social, national, state ideal, normal existence and development human society as impossible as the vitality of any holistic system- without a goal.

What is the ideal? Relevance this question in our days and determined the choice of this topic. Most of all I was interested in the ideal of a person captured in ancient Russian literature, because, as it seems to me, in ancient times people were pure thoughts, and all their thoughts proceeded from the heart. Moreover, one of the heroes Ancient Rus, whose image was the basis of one of the works - the Grand Duke of Novgorod and one of the saints Alexander Nevsky - in September 2009 was proclaimed Orthodox Church Russia is the national ideal of our state. In addition, acquaintance with the origins of Russian culture gives us new knowledge, helping to comprehend A New Look to the world, different thinking. Russian literature in its centuries-old development has created artistic values ​​of world significance.

Hypothesis: We assume that the image of an ideal person is a timeless concept with a set of certain characteristics that are identical regardless of historical context, however, not without the influence of the "demands" of the contemporary society.

So the topic of this research work "The ideal of man inancient Russian literature and in modern society". The purpose this work iscomprehensive analysis of the characteristics of the main characters Old Russian literature and highlighting the "ideal of a modern high school student" model.

To achieve this goal, we have set the following tasks :

• To reveal specific traits national ideal in oral folk art, in ancient Russian works different genres (word, life, old Russian story, lesson).
• Provide a classification of signs of a national ideal in ancient Russian works.
• Compare the idea of ​​an ideal person in ancient Russian literature and in the mind modern man.

Novelty the proposed study isanalysis of the main parameters ideal person, in a systematic description of the principles for determining ideal traits that are able to reflect linguistic self-awareness, give information about the culture of an ethnic group, about folk painting the world.

Object of study:the image of an ideal person, embodied in ancient Russian literature and expressed in the representation of modern young man.

Research methods: analysis old Russian literary texts; sociologicaloral research poll among students in grades 9-11 of MSOSH № 40; modeling the image of an ideal person; generalization material obtained during the study.

The theoretical significance of the study:a study based on ancient Russian literary texts and a sociological survey among high school students in order to comprehensively characterize the model of an ideal person.

The practical significance of the study:given research can be used in extracurricular activities a teacher of literature, has a high social significance from the point of view of the formation of a national ideal in adolescents, it is focused on the older age category of schoolchildren.

Chapter 1. The Ideal of Man in Old Russian Literature.

In the minds of the ancient Russians, only the Lord God is the bearer of absolute, ideal beauty. Man is His creation, God's creation. The beauty of a person depends on how fully the divine principle is expressed in him, that is, his ability, desire to follow the commandments of the Lord, to work on improving his soul.

How more people working on this, the more he seems to be illuminated from within with the inner light that God sends him as his grace. Therefore, on the icons of the saints, we see a radiance around their heads - a golden halo. Man lives at the intersection of two worlds - visible and invisible. A righteous, pious way of life (especially prayer, repentance, fasting) could work a miracle: make an ugly person beautiful.

Russian literature since the earliest period was distinguished by high patriotism, interest in the topics of social and state building, communication with folk art... She put a person at the center of her searches, she serves him, sympathizes with him, portrays him, reflects in him national traits, looking for ideals in it. We have selected the following ancient Russian texts for analysis and highlighting the characteristics of the image of an ideal person, as well as works of UNT: proverbs and sayings of the Russian people, epics about Ilya Muromets, Russians folk tales("The Little Humpbacked Horse" arranged by P.P. Ershov), "The Tale of Igor's Campaign", "The Teaching of Vladimir Monomakh", "The Tale of the Destruction of the Russian Land", "The Tale of the Ruin of Ryazan by Baty", "The Legend of the Life of Alexander Nevsky ”,“ The Legend of Boris and Gleb ”,“ The Life of Sergius of Radonezh ”,“ The Life of Archpriest Avvakum ”,“ The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom ”. The results of the study of ancient texts are reflected in the table "Characteristics of the heroes of ancient Russian literature and CNT".

Table 1 "Characteristics of the heroes of ancient Russian literature and CNT"

So gradually, from century to century, the image of a beautiful Russian person is formed, which can be understood as an ideal. The writers of Ancient Russia had a very definite attitude towards depicting a person. The main thing is not the external beauty, the beauty of the body and face, but the beauty of the soul. In the minds of the ancient Russians, only the Lord God is the bearer of absolute, ideal beauty. Man is His creation, "God's creation." The beauty of a person depends on how fully the divine principle is expressed in him, that is, his ability, desire to follow the commandments of the Lord, to work on improving his soul.

national ideal, which include the following (the number of references in Old Russian texts is reflected in Diagram No. 1 of the Appendix):

These are the personality traits that the ideal possesses. old Russian man if judging by literary sources that time. Does such an ideal coincide with the ideas of a modern young man about him?

Chapter 2. Ideas of the modern high school students.

Over the centuries, the ideal of a person has changed significantly under the influence of certain events in the life of people and the country, and I decided to find out what an ideal person looks like for my peers by spending sociological survey among grades 9-11.

34 people participated in the survey, who were asked the following questions:

• Which of the works of Old Russian literature do you know?
• What is, in your opinion, the ideal of a person in these works?
• What kind of person do you think is ideal in the modern world?
• What qualities should you have?
• Do you agree with the statement that the true beauty of a person lies in the beauty of his soul?
• Which of your contemporaries corresponds to your idea of ​​the ideal?
• How do you meet the ideal?
• Would you like to become “more perfect? Why?

2.1. Weak knowledge of the literary works of Ancient Rus was revealed. Pupils know only two works of that period: "The Lay of Igor's Campaign" and "Song of prophetic Oleg". Consequently, the definition of an ideal person for the majority is associated with a modern person, and not with historical figures... Moreover, the results showed in general that the students had a vague idea of ​​the concept of “ideal”.

Having processed the obtained data on the representation of the ideal, I received the following relationship (See Diagram 2 "Appendices"):

60% of respondents consider an ideal person to be honest, courageous, strong, ready to help those in need, loving homeland... parents, wise, faithful, capable of creativity, etc.

20% of the respondents believe that the ideal person is practical, cunning, able to adapt to any situation.

10% consider their parents to be ideal people, whom they can look up to.

10% find it difficult to define the concept of an ideal for themselves.

2.2. Among the main features of the national idealhigh school students identified the following (see "Diagram 3" Appendices "):

2.3. To the question: "How do you meet perfect image? " high school students answered the following (see Diagram 4 "Appendices"):

It is noteworthy that when answering the question: "Would you like to correspond to the ideal of a person?" the respondents' opinions were distributed as follows (Diagram 5):

To the question of the reasons why a person tends to strive for the ideal, the main answers boiled down to the following (Diagram 6):

Thus, one can distinguish 3 levels lowest high highest

2.4. To the question: "Which of the contemporaries (and not contemporaries) corresponds to the ideal?" high school students answered (Diagram 7, Table 2):

Such a range of opinions once again testifies to a certain amount of uncertainty in comprehending the ideal and to the impossibility of the existence of a truly ideal person. That is why he is an ideal, a word derived from the word “idea” - something that cannot be “touched”, but can be imagined, something that you want and need to strive for. Without this aspiration, in my opinion, a person cannot take place as a Person.

Appendix.

Diagram 1 "The national ideal of the ancient Russian man"

Diagram 2 ... "The ratio ideal (60%) - antiideal (20%) - parents as an ideal (10%), found it difficult to answer (10%)"

Diagram 3. "Signs of the ideal of a modern young person"

Diagram 4. "Compliance of respondents with the ideal"

Diagram 5. “Desire of respondents to correspond to the ideal”.

Diagram 6. "The reasons for a person's striving for the ideal"

Diagram 7. "Your ideal is an existing person"

table 2 ... "Your ideal is an existing person"

Conclusion.

Each historical period forms its own idea of ​​the ideal of a person who was glorified in literary monuments... The ideal is that inexplicable, fascinating concept that has no stereotype, no precise definition.

After examining the content Old Russian texts different genres, I came to the conclusion that Russiannational idealconsists of well-defined signs, characteristic typological features , which include the following:

• Selfless love for the Motherland,
• Willingness to "lay down his head" for her in a moment of danger,
• Spiritual beauty
• Righteousness, adherence to the norms of Christian morality (to honor an elder, live in love and harmony, etc.),
• Introspection
• Striving for self-improvement,
• Ability to create and be creative,
• Honesty and loyalty
• Strength and courage
• Intelligence and ingenuity
• Kindness and mercy
• Hard work and diligence
• Wisdom and patience.

Among the main features of the national idealhigh school students identified the following:

A sense of patriotism, the ability and desire to defend the Fatherland (78%),

Inner harmony and beauty (65%),

Peacefulness, mercy, kindness (63%),

Honesty and loyalty (60%),

Ability to be creative (57%),

Wisdom (55%),

Education (54%),

Healthy lifestyle (50%),

Ability to achieve the intended goal (38%),

Social activity (34%),

Entrepreneurship (28%).

From the above survey data, it becomes obvious that the ideal of a modern person in most parameters is identical to the ideal of a person presented in ancient Russian literature. New formations of the modern ideal includethe ability to achieve the intended goal, social activity, enterprise, which is quite consistent with the requests modern society... In general, the concept of "human ideal" remains timeless, constant unit with "set" best qualities national character Russian person.

According to the data of the survey of high school students, it is possible to distinguish 3 levels the formation of a position reflecting the desire for the ideal of a modern young person: lower the level when a person just wants to seem, and not to be (the same "adaptive ideal"), high the level where high school students really feel the need to be better, "more perfect", and the highest a manifestation of this desire is to make the WORLD BETTER, CLEANER, BEAUTIFUL.

The spread of opinions of pupils in grades 9-11 of MSOSh No. 40 on the question of which of the really existing (existing) people can be considered an ideal, once again testifies to a certain amount of uncertainty in comprehending the ideal and the impossibility of the existence of a truly ideal person. That is why he is an ideal, a word formed from the word "idea" - something that cannot be "touched", but you can imagine what you want and need to strive for, which, of course, lies in the very human nature... Without this aspiration, in my opinion, a person cannot take place as a Person. Because, as T. Carlyle asserted: “The ideal is in you. The obstacles to achieving it are in you. Your position is the material from which you must realize your ideal. "

List of used literature.

1. Russian literature, textbook-workshop, grade 9, ed. Mnemosyne, 1999.
2. History of Russian Literature X-XVII centuries, DS Likhachev, Moscow "Education", 1980.
3. "Man in the Literature of Ancient Rus", D.S. Likhachev, 2nd edition M., 1970.
4. Proverbs of the Russian people. V.I.Dal. Moscow, "NNN", 1994.
5. "Poetics of Old Russian Literature", DS Likhachev, ed. "Science", 1979.
6. "Old Russian Literature", E. Rogachevskaya, ed. "School Press", 1996.
7. Russian Literature, Encyclopedia for Children Avanta +, Moscow "Avanta +", 1998.
8. Brave Russians. Collection. EI Osetrov, Moscow worker, 1986.

As long as there is a person, so many disputes continue about what constitutes human life how it should be. According to philosophers, psychologists, culturologists, and just people who are simply not indifferent, life is more than just eating food, going to bed on time, washing the bones of Marya Ivanovna from accounting, or moving to a new level even in the most exciting computer game.

Rise above everyday life, make your life active, bright, eventful interesting events you can, if you understand and imagine what you live for, adhere to certain values. What exactly to focus on in life, everyone decides for himself. Life ideals at different people may differ. At the same time, there are also human values(truth, goodness, beauty, love for one's neighbor), to which everyone should be involved.

Throughout history, people have developed different ideas about what ideals are and what an ideal person should be.

The ideal of man in culture

Ideas about the essence of a person are not the same in cultures of different historical eras.

Ancient world

For the first time, people began to think about a person in time immemorial. So, the ancient Greek philosophers considered the concept of kalokogati, the essence of which was self-knowledge and perfection. Aristotle paid particular attention to the fact that the perfect person adheres to moral standards, does not allow himself to commit bad deeds and strives for beauty for the sake of beauty.

Middle Ages

In the Middle Ages, the ideal of man was considered in the context of serving God. It was believed that perfection is achieved through discipline, meekness, obedience, asceticism. This ideal of upbringing was preached by the ministers of the church. However, at this time, developed and natural Sciences, education gradually acquired a secular character, accordingly, ideas about a person, his capabilities, also changed. It was believed that a person can master the secrets of nature and acquire new knowledge based on experience.

Another ideal of man during this period was the noble and valiant knight. Knights united in orders, created their own codes of honor, organized tournaments. Each knight had his own "Beautiful Lady" (real or imagined), to whom victories on the lists and feats performed were dedicated.

Renaissance

Ideas about the omnipotence of man were developed during the Renaissance (Renaissance). A person becomes at the forefront from the point of view of his nature and capabilities. But people still realized that not everything depends on them, and this contributed to the emergence of ideas about freedom and necessity. Similar views existed in the era of Antiquity, but now they were actively rethought and implemented.

During this period, the relationship between man and God is explained in a different way. It is still believed that God created man, but man from birth is endowed with activity, the desire to transform the world and himself, therefore he can and must become the master of his life. At the same time, the initial ideas about the differences between people are formed.

New time

During the Enlightenment, the formation of ideas about the ideal of man was influenced by the German classical philosophy... So, Immanuel Kant wrote that the main thing in life is to be able to use your mind. The ideal of that time was a reasonable man, built according to the laws of logic and capable of changing the world according to reason. People of this era still believe in God, but ideas of free thinking appear in the minds of some of them.

With the development of capitalism, a working person becomes ideal, and true values ​​become labor discipline, diligence, professionalism and relatively healthy competition.

The ideal of a Soviet person is a hero. In those years, it was actively promoted utopian idea building communism, and for this building one had to be "always ready", that is, to fight, to go forward to the detriment of own desires, needs or even at the cost of your life. A similar view of reality was demonstrated by the example of pioneer heroes, foremost workers in production and other individuals who are able to sacrifice themselves to achieve a common goal.

However, such ideas about the ideal person were rather official. In reality, the ideal was conscience, when it is much more important to "be" rather than "to have." People helped each other, shared their last piece of bread, empathized not only with relatives and friends. However, life in conditions of fear, repression, and restrictions on freedoms was also a kind of heroism.

Man in the culture of different nations

Ideas about the ideal of a person depend on the living conditions of a particular people and are reflected in the works of folklore: fairy tales, legends, traditions, epics, songs. So, a Russian girl is certainly a beauty, for the Circassians (and not only for them), the main thing in a person is his honor and dignity. The peoples of the Caucasus are famous for their hospitality, and the Chukchi are famous for their hunting skills. But, whatever the differences, all peoples agree on one thing: the ideal of a person is a national hero who has good health, fortitude, intelligence, hard work, and responsiveness.

The ideal of man in art

Historically formed ideas about the ideal of man are reflected in works of art.

Antiquity

The ideas of this period about the perfect man are embodied in the statues of gods, heroes and victors. Olympic Games... In fact, the ancient Greek gods were ideal people, and people were like gods. The statue of Myron "Discobolus" is widely known. The prototype of the sculpture is a real person, strong, healthy and self-confident, as a true citizen of Hellas should be.

The unlimited possibilities of man were glorified by Sophocles, Homer and other poets. The image of a wonderful hero, carrier moral ideals, was also shown in the ancient Greek theater.

Medieval art

As mentioned above, the church had a great influence on the life of people in the Middle Ages. Therefore, in contrast to the ancient tradition, a person was understood as a blade of grass, a grain of sand, a small particle of the Universe, subject to the will of God. Similar views are reflected in works of art: it is not the person himself who rises, but the spiritual power that makes him related to God. A striking example the ideal of man in the art of the Middle Ages - the iconographic image of Job - a sick biblical character who resignedly accepts the will of God.

Somewhat later, ideas about a person became more optimistic. Gradually, the image of a worker, creator, creator begins to form in the minds of people. Labor is no longer perceived as a punishment for sins, but as the main responsibility of a person. These views are reflected in the images of Christ the Martyr, the description of his life on Earth. Jesus Christ on the canvases of the painters of those years personifies a humiliated, suffering, but inherently divine person.

Man in Renaissance Art

During the Renaissance, artists were no longer interested in the divine, but in the earthly essence of people. Art is gradually becoming secular, and the ways of creating portraits and works visual arts other genres are scientifically substantiated. This leads to the fact that the person on the canvases of the masters becomes natural. The viewer can determine the character and mood of the hero of the picture. An example of this is the world famous "Mona Lisa" by Leonardo da Vinci.

Despite the development of ideas of humanism, the masters of the Renaissance continued to use religious themes, but the images of Christ, the apostles and the Virgin Mary were more reminiscent real people... This was probably done in order to show a person his essence through well-known plots. So, Raphael in the image Sistine Madonna embodied beautiful woman who loves and worries about her son.

A man of new times

During the Age of Enlightenment, realistic art continued to develop. The replacement of the feudal system by the capitalist one, the development of industry contribute to the emergence of the so-called new breed of people. A person becomes more down-to-earth, preoccupied with his own problems, but at the same time, educated, trying to use his own mind to solve life problems. This is how he is shown in paintings and literary works. An example is the canvases of Zh.B. Chardin, W. Hogarth, A. Watteau, treatises by Diderot, Rousseau, novels by I.S. Turgenev, L.N. Tolstoy, F.M. Dostoevsky, etc.

The image of a person in socialist realism

V Soviet times Shock workers, advanced collective farmers, noble milkmaids, caring mothers of families looked at people from pictures, propaganda posters and television screens. The authorities positioned the USSR as a country in which there is no exploitation of man by man, and people show heroism exclusively voluntarily, guided by the desire to build a bright future as soon as possible. Therefore, in the art of socialist realism, the worker became the ideal. In addition, a Soviet person should have wealthy family, good TRP performance, as well as excellent combat and political training.

All of the above is reflected in the paintings of P. Smurkovich "On Skis", V. Kutilin "The First Field", T. Yablonskaya "Bread", poems by V. Mayakovsky, A. Tvardovsky, K. Simonov, prose by M. Gorky, M. Sholokhov, A. Fadeev, songs to the words of V. Lebedev-Kumach, etc.

The ideal of man in religion

In addition to culture, art, the ideal of a person is represented in all religions of the world. Common to religious teachings is love for one's neighbor, the victory of good over evil, truth over falsehood and light over darkness. A person should profess these values. But each religion has its own ideas about the ideal. Let's dwell on this in more detail.

Christianity

The ideal person in this religion corresponds to the image of Jesus Christ. The Christian's virtues are kindness, meekness, humility. Confessing Christian faith, strives for God, and therefore fulfills his will, tries to keep peace in his soul, to build friendly relationship with family and friends, do not harm anyone.

Islam

According to Muslims, an ideal person should drive away sinful thoughts, do good deeds, strive for knowledge, be kind, humble, patient and clean. Also, a true believer does not smoke, drink alcohol or gamble.

Buddhism

Here Buddha is considered the ideal of a person, who was originally an ordinary person but was able to achieve enlightenment (Nirvana). Followers of Buddhism believe that one can approach this state by engaging in spiritual practices and doing good deeds. In Islam and Christianity, the ideal of man is unattainable.

Hinduism

Followers of this teaching believe that ideal life can be achieved only by freeing oneself from karma - the cycle of events, births and deaths in which a person is. Having become free, the soul reunites with one of the deities or remains on its own. Yoga helps to achieve liberation faster. Only a select few are capable of true freedom. It remains for ordinary mortals to purify karma (prayers, good deeds) in order to be born more successfully in the next life than in this one.

The ideal of modern man

It is not possible to accurately determine the ideal of modern man. Our time is quite complex and contradictory in terms of values, moral standards, permissions and prohibitions.

Today it is “not fashionable” to be highly moral, to build one's life in accordance with spiritual values ​​and lofty ideals. Pragmatism, a thirst for consumption, a desire to get pleasure and not make efforts come to the fore.

Modern society makes high demands on a person. Today you just need to look in the latest fashion, have a super-prestigious job, and be successful in business. Anyone who does not try to reach career heights causes confusion.

At the same time, it is still impossible to call everyone living on Earth inveterate pragmatists. A significant number of people read fiction, attends churches, does charity work, practices downshifting. It seems that the ideal of a modern person has not yet been formed, but I want to believe that this will happen in the near future.

During the existence of mankind, many historical eras have passed. Stormy winds of change swept away the sand castles of ancient foundations and the story of life began new round spirals. Each time formed its own ideal of a person who was glorified for centuries by his contemporaries. Since today our gaze has turned towards those years that historians called the Middle Ages, let us first try to define what the Middle Ages is.
According to the Brockhaus and Efron dictionary, the millennium is called the Middle Ages.
476-1492, from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the discovery of America.
The development of feudalism and Catholicism. On the one hand, kings, in alliance with the townspeople, enter into a war with the feudal lords and win, on the other hand, the humanism of the Renaissance puts forward ideas about the rights of the individual against the Catholic spiritual tyranny, the beginning of free thought against the principles of the authority of blind faith, antique cheerfulness against Christian asceticism. Science is developing - printing was invented, gunpowder was discovered, ships were sailing towards the American mainland. A controversial and romantic time, isn't it?
What should be the ideal of a person - personality at such a moment as the servants of the lyre see him and simple people? Of course, first of all, free.
Free physically and spiritually. Heroes go on long journeys, looking for fame, luck, happiness. The musty world of the feudal courtyard is alien to them, even if they themselves are feudal lords. Prince Igor sets off for the Polovtsian lands. Who is he - a conqueror, a liberator? It is almost unimportant to a contemporary, the main thing is that the prince is a great Warrior, ready to challenge any formidable enemy.
Fearless Tristan travels to distant Ireland, despite the dangers threatening him. Undoubtedly, the medieval hero is brave and easy-going. If earlier the lives of the saints were supposed to serve as an example to follow, now the boys' eyes shine at the mention of living people of flesh and blood.
It is not a fanatical belief in some immaterial and abstract ideals that leads to the goal. In the image of the hero, a new distinctive feature, again inherent in a living person - love. Love, as the most sublime and strong of all feelings, pushes one to even more daring and desperate actions than the thirst for adventure.
Let's remember Romeo and Juliet. Love makes you forget the long-term bloody feud of two kinds. And, paradoxically, although it is difficult to come up with a more tragic end for this amazing story, in the reader, in addition to sadness, to last page some kind of huge light feeling is born, ready to catch a person on its mighty wings and make him a hundred times stronger.
The honor of title, uniform, family, name means a lot to our hero. Any careless word and even a glance can become the basis for a bloody fight. A rather strange contradiction can be traced here. On the one hand, the power of love, on the other hand, the power of power. It is no secret that not everyone who can master the sword better than others, in fact, is also often right. But this contradiction is only visible. In fact, that's why they often end literary works happy ending that the author puts the all-defeating sword into the hands of the right with sole purpose
- to punish the guilty one.
All over Europe there is a witch hunt, disease and ignorance are rampant, the fires of the Inquisition are burning. In such a situation, people vitally need a saving straw, grabbing which they can save themselves from the madness of the world around them. And here he comes, the hero. Strong, courageous, honest, kind, fair, all-conquering. And everything immediately falls into place. The defeated villain trembles, order and justice reign in the world. Many examples of this miraculous salvation from all misfortunes can be found in the stories of the times of the war of the Scarlet and White Roses.
Don't you think that this situation is very much reminiscent of our present day? At the moment when people lose their moral orientation, they definitely need a hero - a deliverer. However, bitter historical experience shows that the longer you wait for a miraculous deliverance, the harder it will be to get it later with your own hands. This just would not hurt to understand as early as possible. Otherwise, it may turn out that for six centuries the fires of the Inquisition have not cooled as much as it might seem at first glance.

Humanity is one of the most important and at the same time complex concepts... It is impossible to give it an unambiguous definition, because it manifests itself in a variety of human qualities. This is the pursuit of justice, and honesty, and respect. Someone who can be called human is capable of caring for others, helping and taking care of others. He can see the good in people, emphasize their main advantages. All this can be confidently attributed to the main manifestations of this quality.

What is humanity?

Exists a large number of examples of humanity from life. This and heroic deeds people in war time, and very insignificant, it would seem, actions in ordinary life... Humanity and kindness are manifestations of compassion for others. Motherhood is also synonymous with this quality. After all, every mother actually sacrifices to her baby the most precious thing she has - own life... The opposite of humanity is the brutal cruelty of the fascists. A person only has the right to be called a person if he is able to do good.

Dog rescue

An example of humanity in life is the act of a person who saved a dog in the subway. Once, a stray dog ​​appeared in the lobby of the Kurskaya station of the Moscow metro. She ran along the platform. Maybe she was looking for someone, or maybe she was just chasing the departing train. But it so happened that the animal fell onto the rails.

There were many passengers at the station then. People were frightened - after all, less than a minute was left before the next train arrived. The situation was saved by a brave police officer. He jumped onto the tracks, grabbed the unlucky dog ​​under his paws and carried him to the station. This story - good example humanity from life.

New York teenager act

This quality not without compassion and goodwill. Currently in real life a lot of evil, and people should show compassion to each other. An illustrative example from life on the topic of humanity is the act of a 13-year-old New Yorker named Nach Elpstein. On a bar mitzvah (or coming of age in Judaism), he received 300 thousand shekels as a gift. The boy decided to donate all this money to Israeli children. Not every day you can hear about such an act, which is true example humanity from life. The sum went to build a new generation bus for young scientists on the periphery of Israel. This vehicle is a mobile classroom that will help young learners become true scientists in the future.

An example of humanity in life: donation

There is no more noble deed than to donate your blood to another. This is a real charity, and everyone who takes this step can be called a real citizen and a person with a capital letter. Donors are strong-minded people who have kind heart... An example of the manifestation of humanity in life is the resident of Australia, James Harrison. He donates blood plasma almost every week. For a very long time, he was awarded a kind of nickname - "The Man with the Golden Hand." After all, from right hand Harrison has been bled over a thousand times. And for all the years that he has been donating, Harrison has managed to save more than 2 million people.

V early years the hero donor underwent a complex operation, as a result of which he had to remove a lung. He managed to save his life only thanks to donors who donated 6.5 liters of blood. Harrison never knew the saviors, but decided that he would donate blood for the rest of his life. After talking with doctors, James learned that his blood type was unusual and could be used to save the lives of newborn babies. Very rare antibodies were present in his blood, which are able to solve the problem of incompatibility of the Rh factor in the blood of the mother and the embryo. Because Harrison donated blood every week, doctors were able to continually make new doses of vaccine for such cases.

An example of humanity from life, from literature: Professor Preobrazhensky

One of the brightest literary examples possession of this quality is Professor Preobrazhensky from the work of Bulgakov “ dog's heart". He dared to challenge the forces of nature and transform street dog into a person. His attempts were defeated. However, Preobrazhensky feels responsible for his actions, and is trying with all his might to turn Sharikov into a worthy member of society. This is the manifestation of the highest qualities of the professor, his humanity.

• True beauty a person does not depend on his appearance
• Handsome is the one who commits moral deeds
• The most important thing in a person is sometimes impossible to see with the eyes.
• Outward beauty is not always a reflection of the wealthy the spiritual world personality
• It happens that people who outwardly seem attractive commit absolutely immoral acts
• Man with for real beautiful soul its presence creates a special, incomparable atmosphere

Arguments

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". As a child, Natasha Rostova, one of the heroines of the great epic novel, was not beautiful. The attention riveted to her is impossible without inner beauty: both in childhood and in adulthood, she was distinguished by her love of life, spontaneity, and a pure soul. Another heroine to whom you should pay attention is Princess Marya Bolkonskaya. In appearance, she was clearly inferior to beauties, only her eyes were beautiful. But people who are able to feel real beauty have appreciated its inner qualities. Marya Bolkonskaya and Natasha Rostova can be opposed to Helen Kuragin: they admired her beauty in society. But this beauty is only external. In fact, Helen Kuragina is a stupid, callous, selfish, calculating, selfish person. The outward charm of the heroine does not compensate for her immoral behavior.

A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin's yard". Matryona has a completely ordinary appearance. The only aspect that attracts attention is her beautiful smile. But for us, it is not the external beauty that is important, but the internal one. It is not for nothing that the author writes that the face is good only for those who are in harmony with their own conscience. Matryona is the person from whom comes Inner Light, warmth... This is much more important than visual appeal.

F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Svidrigailov, quite rich and well-groomed person, in fact, does not differ in good spiritual qualities: he is ready to go to any meanness for the sake of his own whim. Physical beauty and ugly inner world do not combine with each other in any way: at first in this tyrant and rapist you can see wonderful person... The opposite is the image of Sonya Marmeladova. Due to malnutrition, poverty appearance the girl suffers greatly: pale, thin, intimidated, wears terrible clothes. But the inner world of Sonya Marmeladova is beautiful, despite her lifestyle and appearance.

O. Wilde "Portrait of Dorian Gray". In this work, the problem of internal and external beauty is the main one. At the beginning of the work, we see in Dorian Gray a timid, bashful and incredibly handsome young man. Beauty is his source of power: no matter what the hero does, his appearance does not change. All changes affect only the portrait of the young man, painted by Basil Hallward. Gradually, Dorian Gray turns into an inhuman, immoral monster who has committed many nasty things, including even the murder of an artist. He is still as handsome as he was many years ago, only the portrait depicts the state of his soul. Dorian Gray wishes to put an end to the terrible image of himself and dies, stabbing a dagger into the portrait. Outward beauty turned out to be destructive for him.

Antoine de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince". Wise thoughts The little prince can teach a lot even to an adult. Our hero said: “Only the heart is sharp-sighted. You cannot see the most important thing with your eyes. " And we can say without a doubt that he is right. True beauty is inside a person, in his soul, in his right actions.

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". In the work, we do not see a description of Peter Grinev. It does not matter at all whether he is handsome in appearance. All the beauty of this person is expressed in his moral qualities, noble deeds. Pyotr Grinev is a man of honor who did not allow himself to betray his Motherland, to leave his beloved girl in danger. His actions are beautiful, which means that he himself is beautiful.

M. Sholokhov “The Fate of a Man”. The fact that it is impossible to judge a person by their appearance is proved by the image of Andrei Sokolov, the main character of the work. He was summoned to the German Müller when he was in captivity. Exhausted by work, hungry Andrei Sokolov could not be handsome outwardly at that moment. All his beauty was manifested in moral deeds: Sokolov refused to drink for the victory of German weapons, in spite of the enemy did not bite, despite hunger and lack of strength. By these actions, one can judge that a person is beautiful in soul.