Matryona appearance. The image of Matryona in Solzhenitsyn's story “Matryonin's yard

/ / / The image of Matryona in Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryonin's yard"

A very touching work of the Russian writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn. The author was a humanist, so it is not surprising that pure kindness appears in the story. female image the main character.

The story is told from the perspective of the narrator, through the prism of whose worldview we recognize the images of other characters, including the main character.

Matryona Vasilievna Grigorieva - central. By the will of fate, the former prisoner Ignatic settles in her house. It is he who tells us about Matryona's life.

The woman did not immediately agree to accept a tenant in her yard, she advised to find a cleaner and more comfortable place. But Ignatich was not looking for comfort, it was enough for him to have his own corner. He wanted to live quiet life, so I chose the village.

Matryona is a modest villager, simple-minded and friendly. She was already about sixty years old. She lived alone, as she was widowed and lost all her children. To some extent, the guest diversified her lonely life. After all, now Matryona had someone to get up early for, to cook food, there was someone to talk to in the evenings.

The narrator notes that round face Matryona looked sick because of yellowness and dull eyes. She sometimes had attacks of some kind of illness. And although she was not considered disabled, the disease knocked her off her feet for several days. Learning about difficult fate women, Ignatic realized that her illness was understandable.

In her youth, Matryona loved Thaddeus and wanted to marry him. However, the war separated the lovers. The news came that he was missing. Matryona grieved for a long time, but at the insistence of her family she married her brother ex-lover... After some time, a miracle happened - Thaddeus returned home alive. He was upset when he learned about Matryona's marriage. But later he also marries and has many children. Since Matryona's children did not live for a long time, she takes Thaddeus and his wife to raise one child. But also stepdaughter leaves her. After the loss of her husband, Matryona is left completely alone.

The image of Matryona is very light and at the same time tragic. She always lived more for others than for herself. Despite the pain, Matryona did not shy away from hard work for the good of society. Nevertheless, the narrator notes that the woman did not receive her pension for a long time.

Matryona never refused to help her neighbors. But her disinterested actions, innocence caused more misunderstanding on the side of fellow villagers than gratitude.

The woman endured all the trials steadfastly, did not become an embittered person. Such people are said to have an inner core.

The end of Matryona's life is very tragic. A special role her beloved Thaddeus played in this. He turned out to be a rotten man and insisted that Matryona give him the inheritance of her daughter Kira. Even then, the old woman did not defend her rights, but even helped to dismantle her hut, which led to her sad end.

The image of Matryona is the image of a simple-minded woman misunderstood by others.

In the magazine " New world"Several works of Solzhenitsyn were published, among them and" Matrenin dvor". The story, according to the writer, is "completely autobiographical and authentic." It talks about the Russian village, about its inhabitants, about their values, about goodness, justice, sympathy and compassion, work and help - qualities that fit in a righteous man, without whom "the village is not worth it."

"Matrenin Dvor" is a story about the injustice and cruelty of a person's fate, about the Soviet order of the post-Stalin era and about the life of the most ordinary people living far from city life. The narration is conducted not on behalf of the main character, but on behalf of the narrator, Ignatyich, who, in the whole story, seems to play the role of only an outside observer. The story described in the story dates from 1956 - three years have passed since Stalin's death, and then Russian people still did not know and did not realize how to live on.

"Matrenin Dvor" is divided into three parts:

1. The first tells the story of Ignatyich, it begins at the Torfprodukt station. The hero immediately reveals his cards, without making any secret out of this: he is a former prisoner, and now he works as a teacher at a school, he came there in search of peace and tranquility. In Stalin's time, it was almost impossible for people who were in prison to find workplace, and after the death of the leader, very many became school teachers (a scarce profession). Ignatyich stops with an elderly hardworking woman named Matryona, with whom he is easy to communicate and calm in his soul. Her dwelling was poor, the roof sometimes leaked, but that did not mean at all that there was no comfort in it: “Maybe, to some of the village, who is richer, Matryona's hut did not seem to be well-lived, but we were quite happy with her that autumn and winter good. "
2. The second part tells about Matryona's youth, when she had to go through a lot. The war took her fiancé Fadey away from her, and she had to marry his brother, who still had children in his arms. Taking pity on him, she became his wife, although she did not love him at all. But three years later, Fadey suddenly returned, whom the woman still loved. The returning warrior hated her and her brother for their betrayal. But a hard life could not kill her kindness and hard work, because it was in work and caring for others that she found consolation. Even Matryona died, doing business - she helped her lover and her sons to drag a part of her house across the railway tracks, which was bequeathed to Kira (his daughter). And this death entailed the greed, greed and callousness of Fadey: he decided to take away the inheritance while Matryona was still alive.
3. The third part tells how the narrator learns about Matryona's death, describes the funeral and commemoration. People who are close to her do not cry out of grief, but rather because it is so customary, and in their heads they only have thoughts about the division of the property of the deceased. Fadey is not at the commemoration.

main characters

Matryona Vasilievna Grigorieva is an elderly woman, a peasant woman who was released from work on a collective farm due to illness. She was always happy to help people, even strangers. In the episode, when the narrator settles in her hut, the author mentions that she deliberately never looked for a lodger, that is, she did not want to earn money on this basis, she did not even profit from what she could. Her wealth was pots of figs and an old domestic cat, which she took on the street, a goat, as well as mice and cockroaches. Marrying the brother of her fiancé Matryona also came out of a desire to help: "Their mother died ... they did not have enough hands."

Matryona herself also had children, six, but all died in early childhood, so afterwards she took youngest daughter Fadey Kiru. Matryona got up early in the morning, worked until nightfall, but did not show any fatigue or discontent to anyone: she was kind and responsive to everyone. She was always very afraid of becoming a burden to someone, did not complain, even call a doctor once again feared. The matured Kira Matryona wanted to give her room as a gift, for which it was necessary to divide the house - during the move, Fadey's things got stuck in the sled on railway tracks and Matryona was hit by a train. Now there was no one to ask for help, there was no person who was ready to disinterestedly come to the rescue. But the relatives of the deceased kept in mind only the thought of profit, of dividing what was left of the poor peasant woman, already thinking about it at the funeral. Matryona stood out very strongly against the background of her fellow villagers, she was thus irreplaceable, inconspicuous and the only righteous person.

Narrator, Ignatyevich, to some extent is the prototype of the writer. He left the link and was acquitted, after which he set out in search of a calm and serene life, he wanted to work as a school teacher. He found refuge with Matryona. Judging by the desire to move away from the bustle of the city, the narrator is not very sociable, he loves silence. He worries when a woman mistakenly picks up his quilted jacket, and he cannot find a place for himself from the loudness of the loudspeaker. The narrator got along with the mistress of the house, this shows that he is still not entirely antisocial. Nevertheless, he does not understand people very well: he understood the meaning that Matryona lived only after she passed away.

Topics and problems

Solzhenitsyn in his story "Matrenin's Dvor" tells about the life of the inhabitants of the Russian countryside, about the system of power-man relationships, about the high sense of selfless labor in the realm of selfishness and greed.

Of all this, the theme of labor is most clearly shown. Matryona is a person who does not ask for anything in return, and is ready to give himself everything for the good of others. They do not appreciate her and do not even try to understand, and after all, this is a person who experiences tragedy every day: at first, the mistakes of youth and the pain of loss, after that - frequent illnesses, hysterical work, not life, but survival. But from all the problems and hardships Matryona finds solace in her work. And, in the end, it is work and backbreaking work that brings her to death. The meaning of Matryona's life is exactly this, and also care, help, a desire to be needed. Therefore, active love for others is the main theme of the story.

The problem of morality also occupies an important place in the story. Material values in the village are exalted over human soul and her work, over humanity in general. Understand the depth of Matryona's character minor heroes they are simply incapable: greed and the desire to have more obscures their eyes and does not allow them to see kindness and sincerity. Fadey lost his son and wife, his son-in-law is threatened with imprisonment, but his thoughts are occupied with how to save the logs that they did not have time to burn.

In addition, the story has a theme of mysticism: the motive of an unidentified righteous man and the problem of damned things - which were touched by people full of self-interest. Fadey made the upper room of Matryona's hut cursed, undertaking to bring it down.

Idea

The aforementioned themes and problems in the story "Matrenin's Dvor" are aimed at revealing the depth of the main character's pure worldview. An ordinary peasant woman serves as an example of the fact that difficulties and losses only temper the Russian person, and do not break him. With the death of Matryona, everything that she figuratively built collapses. Her house is pulled apart, the remains of the property are divided among themselves, the yard remains empty, ownerless. Therefore, her life looks pitiful, no one realizes the loss. But won't the same happen to palaces and jewels the mighty of the world this? The author demonstrates the frailty of the material and teaches us not to judge others by wealth and achievements. The true meaning is moral character, which does not fade even after death, because it remains in the memory of those who saw its light.

Perhaps, over time, the heroes will notice that they are missing a very important part of their life: invaluable values. Why disclose global moral issues in such wretched scenery? And what then is the meaning of the title of the story "Matrenin's yard"? Last words that Matryona was a righteous woman, they erase the boundaries of her court and push them to the scale of the whole world, thereby making the problem of morality universal.

Folk character in the work

Solzhenitsyn argued in the article “Repentance and Self-Restriction”: “There are such inborn angels, they seem to be weightless, they slide as if over this slurry, not drowning in it at all, even touching its surface with their feet? Each of us met such, they are not ten and not one hundred in Russia, these are the righteous, we saw them, were surprised ("eccentrics"), used their good, in good minutes answered them in the same way, they dispose - and immediately plunged again into our doomed depth. "

Matrona is distinguished from the rest by the ability to preserve humanity and a solid core inside. To those who shamelessly used her help and kindness, it might seem that she is weak-willed and malleable, but the heroine helped, proceeding only from inner disinterestedness and moral greatness.

Interesting? Keep it on your wall!

In Solzhenitsyn's work "Matryona's Courtyard," the image of the righteous woman is presented - this is Matryona.

The full name of the main character is Grigorieva Matryona Vasilievna. The reader learns about her hard life from the words of the narrator - Ignatich.

The main character is about sixty years old, she is friendly and glad to see everyone, lives in countryside, so from childhood I got used to work. She lived alone in the house, she had no children. Her loneliness was brightened up by a new guest, now for him she got up early, cooked, took care of him, shared her experiences.

Matryona looked like a strong and healthy woman, but at times she had seizures and her face shone yellow... When seizures occurred, the heroine could not walk for several days and lay at home, missing work on the collective farm.

The most expensive for the heroine were her flowers and a cat. She loved her plants very much, looked after them, in the event of a fire, she first of all saved them.

Matryona loved Thaddeus in her youth, but because of the war, they could not be together. She stopped waiting for her lover and married his brother. Thaddeus suddenly returns from the war, marries and creates a family. All Matryona's children have died, she decides to adopt a girl - the daughter of Thaddeus. But she also leaves the heroine.

Matryona often disinterestedly helped her relatives and neighbors, receiving only condemnation in response, and not gratitude. Matryona is a truly bright person, capable of self-sacrifice. Despite her illness, Matryona was ready to help everyone, but only her pension was not paid, she worked for nothing.

Even during the life of the heroine, Thaddeus began to divide her property, forcing him to give part of the house to his daughter. Matryona dies when moving, no one regrets her death, except for the guest. The villagers called Matryona stupid and did not understand anything in life, they did not appreciate her help and work.

Matryona is pure in soul, she does not blame other people for disrespectful attitude towards her, but on the contrary helps, rejoices in someone else's harvest or someone else's happiness. main character - positive hero, this is reflected in her actions, thoughts.

Essay about Matryona

The skill in depicting the various destinies of people and their characters belongs to the previously banned writer Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn. One of such brilliant works is the story of Matrenin Dvor, written in 1959. He personifies the strength of the spirit and the ability to compassion.

We see a description of the life and life of the village in the post-war period. The main character in the work is the village woman Matryona Grigorievna. She worked all her life on a state farm and was always hardworking. Because of this war, she lost her husband, whom she married before the revolution. And she also lost her children and this gave a huge imprint in her soul and in her heart. In the story, we see her in the narrative of Ignatyich, when, after returning from Kazakhstan, he begins to live in Matryona's house. Her trust in common man surprising, because she lived in this huge and old house completely alone. Despite this, she tries to maintain comfort, warmth and home. After her death, Ignatyevich calls her very dear and kind person, without which it is difficult to imagine the village. The whole sequence of actions gives the work credibility and truthfulness.

Matryona's life is hard and difficult, but she has not lost her faith in people. This village woman never refuses to help anyone. Even if she has urgent matters, she will put the request of the person who turns to her in the first place. All her suffering from that modern government makes itself felt in despair, and without losing heart she finds joy for the soul in constant work and work. She could grab a shovel and go to the garden to distract herself from melancholy and despondency. I could grab a basket and go into the forest for mushrooms or berries. She replaced this emptiness in the family with work.

In the second part of the story, Alexander Isaevich tells us about the heroine's youth. How she married sibling your loved one. Here the image of Matryona is contrasted with Thaddeus. He was covered with rage and anger because of the betrayal of his girlfriend. Even after her death, Thaddeus's relatives tried to insult Matryona, calling her unscrupulous and careless.

His vision of many of the problems reflected in this work, brings to Russian literature its character and its unsurpassed manner of storytelling. Here you can clearly see the attitude of the authorities to the people, to their problems, as well as the fierce struggle for survival in the harsh conditions of society, as well as Matryona's disinterested attitude towards all those in need.

Several interesting compositions

Spring according to the calendar comes in March. But she is sometimes late. And then it snows again. The day is getting longer than in winter. Snow is melting. Puddles are forming

The original title of the story is "A village is not worth it without a righteous man." In this story, the writer also does not invent anything, reliably reproducing life and death. Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova, a resident of the village of Miltsevo Vladimir region... Under the image of the teacher Ignatyich, on whose behalf the narration is being conducted, the author himself is hidden.

The hero of the story, who has been released, is looking for a quiet corner where he could live and work. The search for housing leads him to Matryona's house, which he likes, despite the neglect, cockroaches and mice. Here it was good for me that due to poverty Matryona did not keep the radio, and because of her loneliness she had no one to talk to. " Unwittingly, Ignatyevich finds himself drawn into Matryona's life, gets to know her relatives, learns the history of her marriage and is imbued with deep sympathy for this lonely, forgotten old woman.

She lived hard: she did not receive a pension, she did not work on the collective farm for money, "for the sticks of workdays in the bookkeeper's dirty book." She fell ill with a black ailment, lying for three days without help or food, with great difficulty procured fuel for heating, sneaking out of the forest, like all village women, heavy sacks of peat. And still it was necessary to dig a garden, get hay for a goat. The name Matryona brings to mind the image of Nekrasovskaya Matryona Timofeevna, thereby uniting the two heroines with a common destiny: the hardships of life, injustice life device, but also an inescapable strength of mind, the origins of which are in the natural morality and folk roots of both Matryons.

In this story, Solzhenitsyn again shows the image of a person who, in physically unbearable conditions, not only survives, but preserves best qualities but souls, theirs human dignity... The theme of righteousness brings Solzhenitsyn's heroes closer to those of Leskov. Solzhenitsyn also finds the righteous in a living folk environment, these people are far from heroic, but such as Ivan Denisovich and Matryona. What is Matryona's righteousness? The fact that the heroine has retained her radiant smile, innocence, reliability, exceptional kindness. Not being on a collective farm, she responded to demands for help. The patient, who considers this work meaningless, nevertheless goes in the morning with her pitchfork to the appointed place. Any distant relative or a neighbor who did not even think to help a single woman, nevertheless considered themselves entitled to demand that Matryona come to dig up potatoes and Matryona could not refuse.

At the end of the story, the writer himself lists the simple qualities of his heroine: “Not understood and abandoned even by her husband, who buried six children, but did not like her sociable, alien to her sisters, sister-in-law, funny, foolishly working for others for free, - she did not save up property to death. A dirty white goat, a bumpy cat, ficuses ... Only the hero of the story, Ignatyevich, could appreciate the special beauty of Matryona's soul, her shyness, Inner Light... The story features the dark figure of Thaddeus, Matryona's ex-fiancé, who embodies evil that opposes the heroine's good disposition. Once he threatened to hack her to death with an ax because she did not wait for him since the First World War. “For forty years his threat lay in the corner, like an old cleaver, but it struck…” The image of a black Thaddeus with an ax brought up is symbolic. Matryona dies under the wheels of a train, whom she feared more than anything else (<<поезд вылезет, глаза здоровенные свои вылупит, рельсы гудят — аж в жар меня бросает, коленки трясутся»), помогая Фаддею вывезти бревна ее же собственной избы. Матрёна беззащитна перед такими людьми, как Фаддей или ее родственники, которые на поминках устраивают обвинительный плач, сводят счеты между собой, осуждают покойницу, и все под видом обряда.

The story contains many symbolic details predicting the death of Matryona and wearing a mystical coloring: the loss of Matryona's pot with holy water, the loss of a nibbled cat, a blizzard that circled for two days, the cheeky squeak of mice on the fateful night. The ending of the story is symbolic, echoing the original version of the title. It becomes clear why this title was not leaked to print. The author concludes: “We all lived next to her and did not understand that she is the very righteous person without whom, according to the proverb, the village is not worth it. Neither the city. Not all our land. " It turns out that with the death of Matryona, the earth should collapse. Does this mean the death of good and the triumph of evil? But Ignatyevich himself understood Matryona, he brought the news about her to the world ... There is one more important detail in the story. One of the women, who came to wash the deceased, crossed herself and said: the Lord left her the right hand. There will be to pray to God. If Matryona during her lifetime thought only of others, then even there she will not pray for herself.

Among the best works of A. I. Solzhenitsyn, undoubtedly, is the story "Matrenin Dvor" about a simple Russian woman with a difficult fate. Many trials fell to her lot, but the heroine until the end of her days retained in her soul a love of life, boundless kindness, a willingness to sacrifice herself for the well-being of others. In the article, the reader is offered a characteristic of the image of Matryona.

"Matrenin Dvor": the real basis of the work

He wrote his own in 1959 and at first called it "A village is not worth a righteous man" (for censorship reasons, the title was later changed). The prototype of the main character was Matryona Timofeevna Zakharova, a resident of the village of Miltsevo, located in the Vladimir region. The writer lived with her during his years as a teacher after returning from the camps. Therefore, the feelings and thoughts of the narrator largely reflect the views of the author himself, from the first day, according to his confession, he felt something dear and close to his heart in the house of a woman unknown to him. Why this became possible will help explain the characteristics of Matryona.

"Matrenin Dvor": the first acquaintance with the heroine

The narrator was brought to the house of Grigorieva, when all the options for apartments for the settlement had already been considered. The fact is that Matryona Vasilievna lived alone in an old house. All her property consisted of a bed, a table, benches and ficuses loved by the hostess. And even a bumpy cat, which the woman out of pity picked up on the street, and a goat. She did not receive a pension, since on the collective farm, instead of workdays, she was charged with sticks. She could no longer work for health reasons. Then, however, with great difficulty she applied for a pension for the loss of her husband. At the same time, she always silently came to the aid of everyone who turned to her, and did not take anything for her work. This is the first characteristic of Matryona in the story "Matryona's Dvor". To this we can add that the peasant woman also did not know how to cook, although the tenant was picky and did not complain. And a couple more times a month she was attacked by a severe illness, when the woman could not even get up. But even at these moments she did not complain, and even tried not to moan, so as not to disturb the tenant. The author especially emphasizes blue eyes and a radiant smile - a symbol of openness and kindness.

The difficult fate of the heroine

A life story helps to better understand a person. Without it, the characterization of Matryona in the story "Matryona's Dvor" will be incomplete.

The peasant woman did not have her own children: all six died in infancy. She did not marry for love: she waited for the groom from the front for several years, and then agreed to become the wife of his younger brother - the time was difficult, and the family did not have enough hands. Soon after the wedding of the young, Thaddeus returned, who never forgave Efim and Matryona. It was believed that he put a curse on them, and later the heroine's husband would perish in the Second World War. And the woman will take up Kira, the youngest daughter of Thaddeus, and will give her love and care. The narrator learned about all this from the hostess, and she suddenly appeared before him in a new guise. Even then, the narrator realized how far his first characterization of Matryona was from the real one.

Meanwhile, Matrynin's yard began to attract the eyes of Thaddeus, who wished to take the dowry assigned to Kira by his foster mother. This part of the upper room will be the cause of the death of the heroine.

Live for the sake of others

Matryona Vasilievna had foreseen trouble for a long time. The author describes her suffering when it turned out that during her baptism, someone took her pot of holy water. Then, suddenly, before the analysis of the room, the hostess was not at all her own. The collapse of the roof meant the end of her life for her. Such trifles formed the whole life of the heroine, which she lived not for herself, but for the sake of others. And when Matryona Vasilievna went with everyone to the trip, she also wanted to help. Sincere, open, not embittered by the injustices of life. She accepted everything as fateful and never grumbled. Matryona's characteristic leads to this conclusion.

"Matryona's Dvor" ends with a description of the heroine's funeral scene. She plays an important role in understanding how this peasant woman was different from the people who surrounded her. The narrator notes with pain that the sisters and Thaddeus immediately began to share the poor property of the hostess. And even a friend, as if sincerely experiencing the loss, managed to grab a blouse for herself. Against the background of everything that was happening, the narrator suddenly remembered the living Matryona, so unlike everyone else. And I understood: she is that righteous person, without whom no village is worth. Why is there a village - the whole land is ours. This is proved by the life and characteristics of Matryona.

"Matrenin's Dvor" contains the author's regret that during his lifetime he (as, indeed, others) could not fully understand the greatness of this woman. Therefore, one can perceive Solzhenitsyn's work as a kind of repentance before the heroine for her own and others' mental blindness.

Another point is indicative. On the mutilated body of the heroine, a bright face and right hand remained intact. “He will pray for us in the next world,” said one of the women in the story “Matrynin's Dvor”. The characterization of Matryona, therefore, makes us think about the fact that people live nearby who, in unbearable conditions, are capable of preserving human dignity, kindness, and humility. And partly thanks to them, there are still in our world, filled with cruelty, such concepts as sympathy, compassion, mutual assistance.