Anton Pavlovich Chekhov

"Jumping girl"

Osip Ivanovich Dymov, a thirty-one-year-old titular counselor and physician, serves in two hospitals at the same time: an intern and a dissector. From nine o'clock in the morning until noon he accepts patients, then goes to dissect corpses. But his income is barely enough to cover the expenses of his wife - Olga Ivanovna, twenty-two years old, obsessed with talents and celebrities in the artistic and artistic environment, whom she receives every day in the house. The passion for people of art is fueled by the fact that she herself sings a little, sculpts, draws and has, as friends say, an undeveloped talent in everything at once. Among the guests of the house, the landscape and animal painter Ryabovsky stands out - "a blond young man, about twenty-five years old, who had success at exhibitions and sold his last painting for five hundred rubles" (which is equal to the annual income from Dymov's private practice).

Dymov adores his wife. They met when he was treating her father, staying on duty at night near him. She also loves him. In Dymov "there is something," she says to her friends: "How much self-sacrifice, sincere participation!" “… There is something strong, powerful, bearish in him,” she says to the guests, as if explaining why she, an artistic nature, married such a “very ordinary and not remarkable person”. Dymov (she does not call her husband except by his last name, often adding: "Let me shake your honest hand!" That's what she calls him: "My dear head waiter!" Dymov prepares snacks, rushes to buy outfits for his wife, who spends the summer at the dacha with friends. One scene reveals the height of Dymov's male humiliation: after arriving after a hard day at his wife's dacha and bringing snacks with him, dreaming of having dinner, rest, he immediately sets off by train back at night, for Olga intends to take part in the telegraph operator's wedding the next day and not can do without a decent hat, dress, flowers, gloves.

Olga Ivanovna, together with the artists, spends the rest of the summer on the Volga. Dymov remains to work and send money to his wife. On the steamer Ryabovsky confesses his love to Olga, she becomes his mistress. He tries not to remember Dymov. “Indeed: what is Dymov? why Dymov? what does she care about Dymov? " But soon Olga bored Ryabovsky; he happily sends her to her husband when she gets tired of life in the village - in a dirty hut on the banks of the Volga. Ryabovsky is a Chekhovian type of "bored" artist. He is talented but lazy. Sometimes it seems to him that he has reached the limit of his creative possibilities, but sometimes he works without rest and then he creates something significant. He is able to live only by creativity, and women do not mean much to him.

Dymov greets his wife with joy. She hesitates to confess in connection with Ryabovsky. But Ryabovsky arrives, and their romance continues languidly, causing boredom in him, boredom and jealousy in her. Dymov begins to guess about the betrayal, worries, but does not show it and works more than before. One day he says that he defended his dissertation and he might be offered a private docent in general pathology. It is clear from his face that “if Olga Ivanovna had shared his joy and triumph with him, he would have forgiven her everything,<…>but she did not understand what private lecturer and general pathology meant, besides, she was afraid to be late for the theater and did not say anything. " Dymov's colleague Korostelev, "a small, cropped man with a rumpled face", appears in the house; with him Dymov spends all his free time in conversations incomprehensible to his wife.

Relations with Ryabovsky are reaching an impasse. Once in his workshop Olga Ivanovna finds a woman, obviously his mistress, and decides to break up with him. At this time, the husband becomes infected with diphtheria, sucking films from a sick boy, which he, as a doctor, is not obliged to do. Korostelev takes care of him. A local luminary, Doctor Shrek, is invited to the patient, but he cannot help: Dymov is hopeless. Olga Ivanovna finally understands the falsity and meanness of her relationship with her husband, curses the past, prays to God for help. Korostelev tells her about Dymov's death, cries, accuses Olga Ivanovna of ruining her husband. He could have grown into a major scientist, but the lack of time and home peace did not allow him to become what he rightfully should be. Olga Ivanovna understands that she was the cause of her husband's death, forcing him to engage in private practice and provide her with an idle life. She realizes that she missed true talent in her pursuit of celebrities. She runs to the body of Dymov, cries, calls him, realizing that she was late.

The story ends with Korostelev's simple words, emphasizing the senselessness of the situation: “But what is there to ask? You go to the church gatehouse and ask where the alms-houses live. They will wash the body and take it away - they will do whatever is necessary. "

Doctor and titular counselor Osip Ivanovich Dymov adores his young wife. To provide it, he works as a dissector, and receives patients in the morning. Osip Ivanovich courted Olga's father. So they met. Olga Ivanovna has a little bit of all the talents. She accepts people of art in her home. The husband's earnings are barely enough to meet the needs of his wife.

Olga spends the summer with friends at the dacha. Dymov brings snacks, dresses, outfits in the evening. As a servant and a husband. After a working day, he arrives at the dacha. Olga sends him back to the city for gloves, a hat, flowers ... She goes to the wedding tomorrow, her husband must bring her what she needs.

Olga Ivanovna with the artists goes on a steamer along the Volga. The husband stays in the city, sends her money. Ryabovsky, a successful animal and landscape painter, confesses to Olga his feelings. They become lovers, trying not to remember their husband. They live in the village, Olga is bored. Ryabovsky, with relief, sends Olga Ivanovna to Dymov. He has no time to deal with women - he is talented, he needs to work in solitude.

Dymov is glad that his wife is back. Olga and Ryabovsky's romance continues. My husband guessed, began to work even more. Dymov defended his dissertation. He wants to share his joy with Olga, but she does not understand scientific terms. A colleague, Korostelev, began to visit Dymov. They conduct scientific conversations in the office. Olga Ivanovna came to Ryabovsky's studio. I saw a woman there, decided to break off relations with the artist.

Dymov saves the boy, sucks out the film with a tube. But he himself becomes infected with diphtheria. Korostelev takes care of him, invites Dr. Shrek for a consultation. Olga Ivanovna is in despair. She suddenly realizes that she has mistreated her beloved husband.

Dymov died. His friend blames Olga Ivanovna for his sudden death. He could have a great scientific future if he did not practice to support his wife. Olga Ivanovna understands that real talent was always with her while she was chasing ghostly celebrities. The realization of the loss came too late.

Essays

It happens that a person treats life playfully, superficially. He does not burden himself with serious thoughts about his own destiny, about the interests of the people around him. However, frivolity does not always have a happy outcome.

The idea of ​​the story "The Jumping Girl" came to Chekhov in August 1891. The story was originally called The Great Man. In the second edition, the author focused on family relationships and changed the title of the work to what we know today. At the heart of the story is a really existing love triangle: police doctor Dmitry Pavlovich Kuvshinnikov and his wife Sofya Petrovna, who was interested in various arts. But the main character, Osip Dymov, had a completely different prototype - Illarion Ivanovich Dubrovo, a famous Moscow doctor. In May 11883, they turned to the eminent physician for help: the seventeen-year-old daughter of the nobleman Kuroedov suffered from diphtheria. To help the patient, Dubrovo used the method described in the story. As a result of an act of self-sacrifice, the doctor died after 6 days.

Not only Dymov had a prototype. The artist Ryabovsky has much in common with Chekhov's friend, the artist Isaac Levitan. Despite the writer's efforts to disguise this relationship, Levitan was recognized and ridiculed by society, after which a quarrel arose between him and Anton Pavlovich.

Genre, direction

"Jumping" refers to the mature period of Chekhov's work. At this time, the writer is actively developing the direction of realism in his work. The most characteristic features for the author in this direction are clarity, simplicity in expressing thoughts, as well as philosophical and rich problematics.

Some researchers define the genre of Chekhov's stories after the 90s as satirical stories or short stories. The Jumping Girl, despite its seeming simplicity, has a rather complex poetics. The essence of the story is that the reader, long after reading, remains immersed in the work, trying to decipher the explicit and hidden meanings. Such an impact refers "Jumpers" to the genre of parables, and the dynamism and eventfulness of the story makes it akin to an anecdote in its original understanding.

The essence

Olga Ivanovna, a young bohemian, is marrying a novice doctor Osip Dymov. The girl's friends predict a great future for her in various arts, family life goes on as usual. In the spring Olga Ivanovna went to the country house. There she starts an affair with an old friend, the artist Ryabovsky. Upon her return, the unfaithful wife does not dare to tell about her betrayal, but those around her, including her husband, guess about it.

Dymov tries to spend as little time at home as possible, achieves great success in science, but becomes infected with diphtheria. After a short illness, the Doctor dies, Olga Ivanovna is left alone.

The main characters and their characteristics

1. Olga Ivanovna... The young lady led a carefree, frivolous life. Friends who surrounded her found Olga talented, but no one was able to reveal a certain talent. The singer noticed her beautiful voice, the artist believed that she had success in painting, and so on. The lady herself was gradually engaged in almost all arts in a row.
2. Osip Dymov... A noble, promising and gifted young man. He was madly in love with his wife, was ready to fulfill all her whims and forgive everything, even betrayal. They also saw great potential in him, only unlike his wife, he had a specific business and goal, but his life was tragically cut short.
3. Artist Ryabovsky- the most stereotypical and schematic figure in the story. He is impermanent and lives for one moment. If by his act he ruined someone's life, then he does not feel guilty. Serving art justifies everything in his eyes.

Topics and problems

The main themes and problems in the story are presented in pairs in opposition to each other.

• Self-sacrifice goes alongside selfishness. If Olga Ivanovna thinks only about entertainment, leisure, personal benefit, then Dymov takes care of his wife and patients for whom he is ready to risk himself. Osip always tries to do everything in his power to heal the sick.
• Love is opposed to betrayal. Osip Dymov sincerely loves his wife, and it does not matter to him how they are different from each other, how they are similar. He respects her hobbies, not demanding anything in return. Olga Ivanovna was not yet capable of such a wise and lofty feeling, and, succumbing to a fleeting passionate attraction, betrays her husband.
• The story "Jumping" presents one of the eternal disputes - science and art. Dymov admits that he does not understand operas and painting. Olga reproaches him for this, putting music or theater more important than medicine or other knowledge.

the main idea

The main idea of ​​"Jumpers" is expressed in the ability to appreciate what you have. It is no coincidence that the title of the story echoes the well-known fable of I. A. Krylov "Dragonfly". The main character was chasing "celebrities" all the time, but she realized too late what a great man was next to her.

Olga Ivanovna dreamed of fame in art, probably dreamed of connecting life with an artist or musician. She considered marriage with Osip, who loved her ardently, as a kind of condescension, also a kind of self-sacrifice. Olga did not manage to look at her husband in a different way during his life - the realization came to the heroine too late. This is the tragedy and the meaning of the story.

What does it teach?

The work teaches one of the most important skills needed in life - the ability to build relationships with people. Using the example of the main characters, the author shows the need for respect and mutual understanding. Chekhov's conclusion is based on his many years of life observations of the environment.

Through this work, Chekhov says that each of us needs support. If Osip felt that he was not alone and he had someone to live for, would he risk his life in that case? A fatal illness is presented in the story as an ideal solution to all the family troubles of the Dymovs. The scientific efforts of the protagonist are conditioned not only by talent and interest, but also by the desire to attract the attention of his wife, who is so keen on creative life. If Olga could share with her husband the joy of his success, the story would have a completely different ending and would resemble a family idyll. The moral of the work is as follows: it is necessary to create harmonious relationships in the family, where each person supports and values ​​his relatives.

Interesting? Keep it on your wall!

Dymov Osip Stepanych in the story "Jumping" - a titular counselor and doctor, he serves in two hospitals, in one as a supernumerary resident, in the other as a dissector. Dymov is 31 years old; he is tall and broad in the shoulders; a distinctive feature of his appearance is a smile, "meek", "good-natured" and "naive".

While on duty at the bedside of his senior fellow doctor, who is dying in the hospital, Osip Dymov meets his daughter Olga Ivanovna and marries her. Adoring his wife, who is touchingly called "mother", the hero unquestioningly fulfills all her whims; works day and night so that she can "amaze with her outfits" friends; sets the table for guests who are going to her "art" parties; when Olga Ivanovna, suffering from the indifference of her lover Ryabovsky, sobs in bed, Dymov, guessing that he is being deceived, finds strength to console her.

Not sensitive to art, not understanding it, devoid of any artistry and lively emotionality (which makes him of little interest to Olga Ivanovna's friends), this hero of the story "The Jumping Girl" by Chekhov, as a doctor, turns out to be a remarkable specialist in his field, successfully defends his dissertation, and his friend Dr. Korostelev is convinced that a professor could soon leave him. Behind Dymov's outward boringness lies an unusual ability for selflessness, for sacrificing oneself for the sake of another. So, in order to save a boy who fell ill with diphtheria, he sucks diphtheria films from him through a tube, but he himself becomes infected from the patient and dies. In the last minutes of the hero's life, Doctor Korostelev utters a monologue with pathos, in which, proclaiming his comrade "a great extraordinary person," he transparently hints that he considers his wife Olga Ivanovna to be the real culprit of his untimely death.

Dymova Olga Ivanovna in the story "The Jumping Girl" by Chekhov, there is a young woman who dresses tastefully and in fashion, adores art and herself possesses artistic abilities: she sings, plays the piano, paints, sculpts and participates in amateur performances. But more than art itself, she is interested in its "priests": artists, singers, artists, musicians, writers, with whom, if they have established themselves as talents, she will certainly get to know, seeing them as "extraordinary", "great" people. Having married at 22 the doctor Dymov, who served in the same hospital with her father and soon after his death proposed to her, Olga Ivanovna feels quite happy in marriage: she is touched by Dymov's kindness and innocence and is only a little upset that he is “completely not interested in "art.

After marriage, Olga Ivanovna's passion for "extraordinary" people does not diminish in the least: she throws parties at her home, where people of art "entertain themselves with various arts", rests with them at their dacha, and goes on a boat trip along the Volga with them. While traveling along the Volga, Olga Ivanovna, dreaming of the glory of a great artist and at the same time of meeting a "real great man", is carried away by one of her companions, the artist Ryabovsky, and becomes his mistress. Upon her return, the heroine, although she feels guilty before her husband, does not find the strength to tell him about what happened and, consoling herself that he is “a simple, ordinary person,” continues to cheat on him. She remains indifferent to the news that during this time her husband managed to defend his dissertation and that, as a promising scientist, they are going to offer him a private assistant professor in general pathology.

For her frivolity, the heroine is severely punished by fate: on the day when she is finally convinced that Ryabovsky does not love her and is cheating on her with another woman, Dymov falls ill with diphtheria and dies a day later. Experiencing sincere and deep pity for the dying man and shame for her "nasty" life, Olga Ivanovna only now realizes that her husband was the real "great" man she was looking for. However, the thought that flashed through her mind that she "missed" another celebrity shows that the degree of her insight is actually small - due to her own superficiality. This is indicated by the title of the story.

A few words about Anton Pavlovich Chekhov

Writing about Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is quite difficult for the simple reason that many have written about him, and he has spoken about himself many times. Chekhov is an excellent prose writer and playwright, a doctor, a completely positive person, a noble sacrificial person, who worked hard. Since childhood, like all the children of our country, I remember both "Kashtanka" and Vanka Zhukov with a letter "to the village for grandfather." I remember the humorous stories of Antosha Chekhonte, which in my adolescence seemed to me very unkind, superficial and cruelly mocking (I especially did not like The Death of an Official). Then there were serious stories by Anton Chekhov, which could not help but please, writing an essay on the standard topic: "How did Doctor Startsev become Ionych?" Then - Chekhov's plays and an essay on The Cherry Orchard. Then independent reading of less popular stories such as "The Black Monk" and "The Student", which made it possible to find out that the author did not limit himself to criticism of vulgarity and philistinism, but thought about higher matters.

Chekhov is an example of a hard-working writer who told about everyday situations that affected everyone and everyone, who found the complex and deep in the simple and ordinary. He is a subtle psychologist, master of detail and speech characteristics of characters. L.N. Tolstoy so defined the main property of Chekhov:

« Chekhov as an artist cannot even be compared with former Russian writers - with Turgenev, with Dostoevsky or with me. Chekhov has his own form, like the impressionists. You look as if a person indiscriminately smears with paints that come to his hand, and as if these strokes have nothing to do with each other. But you go away, look, and in general you get an amazing impression. Before us is a bright, irresistible picture».

Chekhov is exemplary "Self made man"- "a man who made himself." He is the grandson of a serf, the son of a merchant of the third guild, a representative of what is called the working intelligentsia, and his phrase is well known that a person with such an origin should "squeeze a slave out of himself drop by drop." This phrase is taken from letters to the publisher and journalist A.F. Suvorin (January 7, 1889). In it Chekhov writes: “ What the noble writers took from nature for free, the commoners buy at the price of youth. Write a story about how a young man, the son of a serf, a former shopkeeper, a chorister, a gymnasium student, and a student, brought up in honoring, kissing priests' hands, worshiping other people's thoughts, who thanked for every piece of bread, cut many times, went to lessons without galoshes , who fought, tortured animals, who loved to dine with rich relatives, who made a hypocrite to both God and people unnecessarily, only out of the consciousness of his insignificance - write how this young man squeezes out of himself a slave drop by drop and how he, waking up one fine morning, feels that it is no longer slave blood that flows in his veins, but real human».

Taganrog. The house where A.P. Chekhov.

Chekhov was a great worker and demanded the same from everyone else. In a letter to A.S. Suvorin dated December 9, 1890, he stated his position as follows: “ We, they say in the newspapers, love our great homeland, but how is this love expressed? Instead of knowledge - insolence and self-conceit more than measure, instead of labor - laziness and disgusting, there is no justice, the concept of honor does not go beyond "the honor of the uniform" ... You have to work, and everything else to the devil. The main thing is to be fair, and the rest will follow. ».

Biography of A.P. Chekhov very well designed. There is a book from the series "The life of wonderful people" , I can also recommend a small but very efficient biography, or more expanded.

The main milestones in the life and work of A.P. Chekhov in photographs

The Chekhov family. Standing: Ivan, Anton, Nikolai, Alexander Chekhovs and ME Chekhov (the writer's uncle); sitting: Mikhail, Maria Chekhovs, P. Ye. Chekhov (the writer's father), E. Ya. Chekhova (the writer's mother), L. P. Chekhov (the writer's aunt) and Georgy Chekhov (the writer's cousin).

A.P. Chekhov in the gymnasium A.P. Chekhov in his student years

A.P. Chekhov - a young doctor A.P. Chekhov on Sakhalin

A.P. Chekhov reads "The Seagull" to the artists of the Moscow Art Theater

A.P. Chekhov and M. Gorky

A.P. Chekhov and L.N. Tolstoy

A.I. Kuprin, A.M. Fedorov I.A. Bunin, A.P. Chekhov, S. Ya. Elpatievsky and M. Gorky

in the garden of Chekhov's Yalta house

A.P. Chekhov and his wife - O. L. Knipper-Chekhova

Moscow 1904, the funeral of A.P. Chekhov

"Jumping girl"

Initially, the story of A.P. Chekhov's "Jumping" was called differently - "The Great Man", but the author changed his mind at the last moment. In a letter to V.A. He informs Tikhonov of his decision: “ I really don't know what to do with the title of my story! I don't like the "great man" at all. It must be called something else - it is indispensable. Call it like that - "Jumping" ...»Changing the name, A.P. Chekhov shifted the emphasis from the hero of the story to the heroine, which only emphasized the modest dignity of this hero.

"The Great Man" (the original title of the story is "The Jumping Girl"). Autograph. 1892

Please read the text of the story or listen to it in audio format

Before us is a story with a rather simple plot: a married couple is shown in which the wife is a versatilely gifted lady reaching out to people of art, and the husband is a simple doctor, kind and hard-working, who does not understand art, but treats him with respect.

Illustrations by V. Panov

It can be seen that the wife treats her husband haughtily, pushes him around, and the husband meekly fulfills all her whims, i.e. is an image of a typical henpecked. Further, the wife, drawn to people of art, as a result of this attraction, gives herself a lover, an artist, who soon began to feel weary about her. She arranges scenes for him, threatens to get poisoned if the lover does not come to their house more often, behaves defiantly, so that the husband cannot fail to notice what is happening, but the husband endures, goes headlong into work and as a result of her labors, which the wife does not see and does not appreciate, defends the thesis. For his wife, the defense of the dissertation is not of interest, she is not interested in her husband either, she complains about him to acquaintances who know about her novel: "This man oppresses me with his generosity!" Finding a mistress with her lover, she hurries home and finds out that her husband fell ill with diphtheria, saving the life of a boy patient. The wife feels remorse, considers her husband's illness a punishment for her sin (which is not entirely logical) and, after listening to her husband's colleagues who come together for examination and treatment, realizes that her husband is “really extraordinary, rare and, in comparison with those, whom she knew, a great man. And remembering how her late father and all his fellow doctors treated him, she realized that they all saw in him a future celebrity. The walls, ceiling, lamp and carpet on the floor blinked at her mockingly, as if wishing to say: "I missed! I missed!" She rushes to her husband, but he is already dead.

Figure N.V. Kuzmina

Compositionally the story is built on the techniques of antithesis, inversion and gradation.

Antithesis is an opposition. Contrast of Doctor Dymov and his wife Olga Ivanovna (altruism and selfishness, labor and its imitation, love and possessiveness, generosity and baseness), Doctor Dymov and the artist Ryabovsky (modesty and vanity, science and art).

Inversion is an overturning. A simple doctor, a henpecked husband turns out to be a great man, creator and innovator. His wife, shining with talents and abilities, has no talent for something specific at all. The romantic love of Olga Ivanovna and Ryabovsky turns into mutual torment and lies. Etc.

Gradation is a build-up. It is thanks to this technique, i.e. the consistent arrangement of episodes in which certain character traits of the heroes are more and more revealed, the reader grows pity for the main character and downright hatred for the main character. This technique works so wonderfully that even I, a sophisticated reader and a well-mannered person, in the process of reading my wife, “the bouncy girl,” with absolutely unprintable words.

There is a very good film adaptation of this story, carried out in 1955 by S.I. Samsonov. It will allow us to illustrate certain episodes of the story.

To begin with, consider the episode with the arrival of the husband at the dacha to his resting wife.

Video fragment 1. Feature film "Jumping".

This is, perhaps, the first episode in which the behavior of the heroine evokes an unambiguously negative assessment: before that, everything was forgivable and fit into the framework of decency. Let's follow how the author uses the gradation technique.

1. Curious husband

Olga Ivanovna, at her own wedding, makes excuses to her famous acquaintances:

“- Look at him: isn't it true, there is something in him? - she said to her friends, nodding at her husband and as if wishing to explain why she married a simple, very ordinary and not remarkable person. "

From this it is clear that she does not perceive her husband as an equal to herself or to the celebrities around her, but what can she do now ... In her eyes, her husband is more of a funny acquisition, a curiosity than the person to whom she is obliged to obey. She tells about their love story as a kind of anecdote, an amusing incident. They met in the hospital over the bed of her dying father:

“My Dymov hit my ears. Indeed, fate can be so bizarre. Well, after the death of his father, he sometimes visited me, met on the street and one fine evening suddenly bam! made an offer ... like snow on his head ... I cried all night and fell in love like hell myself. And so, as you can see, she became a wife. Isn't there something strong, powerful, bearish in him? "

Those. falling in love was the result of Dymov's proposal, and not his worries about the heroine's father. She “fell in love like hell” only because they made an offer to her, after which she saw in Dymov “ something strong, mighty, bearish". Is this a deep feeling? .. Is it a whim?

2. Fussiness and narrowness of interests

“Every day, getting out of bed at eleven o'clock, Olga Ivanovna played the piano or, if the sun was out, painted something with oil paints. Then, at first o'clock, she drove to her dressmaker ... From the dressmaker Olga Ivanovna usually went to some actress she knew to find out theatrical news and, incidentally, to procure a ticket to the first performance of a new play or to a benefit performance. The actress had to go to the artist's studio or to an art exhibition, then to one of the celebrities - to invite him, or to pay a visit, or just to chat. "

We can say that why not, in fact? And what's wrong with that? Women are such that they tend to go to dressmakers to dress up, and to friends to chat, and love entertainment ... But the fact is that Dymov was exhausted, working several jobs to provide his wife with such a daily routine, and she is takes it for granted and doesn't help him at all.

Drawing by Yu.V. Smolnikov

3. Collecting celebrities

“Any new acquaintance was a real holiday for her. She idolized famous people, was proud of them, and every night she saw them in her dreams. She thirsted for them and could not quench her thirst in any way. The old ones left and were forgotten, new ones came to replace them, but she soon got used to them or was disappointed in them and began to eagerly look for new and new great people, found and looked again. For what?"

Here, first of all, the heroine's manic craving for celebrities is remarkable and, secondly, the heroine's fickleness, her inconstancy. Thirdly, the text contains an author's question characterizing her actions as meaningless (Chekhov, like any normal author who does not want to engage in direct moralizing, rarely flaunted his position).

3. Husband-servant

“Dymov was not in the living room, and no one recalled his existence. But at exactly half-past eleven the door leading to the dining room opened, Dymov appeared with his good-natured meek smile and said, rubbing his hands:

- Please, gentlemen, have a bite ...

- My dear meter-d "hotel!" Olga Ivanovna said, waving her hands with delight. "You are simply charming! ..

The guests ate and, looking at Dymov, thought: "Indeed, a glorious fellow," but soon they forgot about him and continued to talk about theater, music and painting. "

Dymov, thus, in his own house is reduced to the level of a servant, but he joyfully fulfills this role, because he loves his wife and wants to please her.

Motion picture

“What can you do? - the reader will sigh. - In marriage it is always like this: someone loves, and someone allows himself to be loved. That is how it is, but it only comes to ridiculousness. The guests eat his bread and salt (and by no means cheap, judging by the description of the table), and they don't care about the owner, as if this is not the owner, but a servant, needed only to set the table. This servant status culminated in an episode that we illustrated with a video clip. After the wife sends her husband, who has just escaped from the city, back for the toilet articles that she needed, and he meekly drives off, the reader begins to clearly hate Olga Ivanovna, and with each subsequent episode this hatred intensifies.

4. Cuckold husband

« Gentlemen, look at his forehead! Dymov, turn in profile. Gentlemen, look: the face of a Bengal tiger, and the expression is kind and sweet, like that of a deer. Oh, honey!»

These words of the heroine already contain the author's allusion to the future fate of the hero, whom the wife valued primarily as a person who provided her with the opportunity to live happily and who was a picturesque type: he is a head waiter, a sitter, a courier, and a bank safe ... Dear man, why already there, but she has nothing to do with art, and the heroine is drawn to art. She introduced her husband to her future lover at her own wedding:

"- Go here. Stretch out your honest hand to Ryabovsky ... That's it. Be friends. "

And after a conversation with her husband that he has a drawback - a lack of understanding of art, to which Dymov replied that “not to understand does not mean to deny,” she exclaims again:

"- Let me shake your honest hand!"

In the film, the same phrase was told to her by Ryabovsky when he invited her to go with the artists to the Volga, which prepared for treason (a phrase previously addressed to her husband would be forwarded to another man, but Chekhov did not have this). In general, the honest hand of a sweet, kind, meek husband, which he offered her with his heart, was exchanged for the hand of a talented artist. Here is this episode.

Video fragment 2. Feature film "Jumping"

5. Tired person.

It is noteworthy that Dymov works like an ox and does not complain of fatigue, while the artist Ryabovsky is constantly tired. His first mention of fatigue looks comical:

« The artist, pale with excitement, sat down on the bench, looked at Olga Ivanovna with adoring, grateful eyes, then closed his eyes and said, smiling languidly:

- I'm tired.

And leaned againsthead to board».

He was tired of confessing his love to Olga Ivanovna, winning her. He did nothing else in the preceding episode. The second time he got tired after he went hunting after a quarrel with Olga Ivanovna, who tortured him with her love harassment.

“Ryabovsky returned home when the sun went down. He threw his cap on the table and, pale, tortured, in dirty boots, sank down on the bench and closed his eyes.

"I'm tired ..." he said and twitched his eyebrows, trying to raise his eyelids. "

For the third time he was tired when Olga Ivanovna, having brought him a sketch in order to have a reason to see him in the city, found his mistress hiding behind a painting.

“- I'm tired ... - the artist said languidly, looking at the sketch and shaking his head to overcome his drowsiness. - It's nice, of course, but today there is a study, and last year there will be a study, and in a month there will be a study ... Aren't you bored? If I were you, I would give up painting and take seriously music or something. After all, you are not an artist, but a musician. However, you know how tired I am!»

First of all, from Olga Ivanovna, of course. And she exchanged her husband for this tired man!

6. A generous person

The husband saw everything, knew everything, but continued to receive Ryabovsky. Olga Ivanovna repeatedly spoke about her husband to her friends who know about her novel: "This man oppresses me with his generosity!" She was also quite rightly jealous of Ryabovsky. " If she did not find him in the workshop, then she left him a letter in which she swore that if he did not come to her today, she would certainly be poisoned. He was a coward, came to her and stayed for dinner. Not embarrassed by the presence of her husband, he spoke to her insolence, she answered him in kind. Both felt that they bind each other, that they are despots and enemies, and were angry, and out of anger they did not notice that both of them were indecent and that even the shorn Korostelev understood everything. After lunch Ryabovsky was in a hurry to say goodbye and leave". Here's how it is filmed:

Video fragment 3. Feature film "Jumping"

Throughout the story, Dymov calls his wife a mother. At the same time, as we know, Olga Ivanovna did not give birth, i.e. there is no reason to call her that, except that mom is the most precious thing a person has. And Dymov, even in such an unnatural situation, continued to consider Olga Ivanovna the most expensive that he had:

« Dymov left Korostelev in the living room, walked into the bedroom and, confused, bewildered, spoke quietly:

- Don't cry loudly, mom ... Why? We must be silent about this ... We must not show it ... You know what happened, you can't fix it anymore».

7. Great man

Finally Dymov finds himself on his deathbed.

Drawing by I.A. Bodyansky

Olga Ivanovna blames herself for his illness ("God punished me"), and besides, she suddenly realizes that she did not notice the most important thing in Dymov - his originality, talent, greatness, and this saddens her most of all: the collection of celebrities has lost valuable exhibit. " The walls, ceiling, lamp and carpet on the floor blinked at her mockingly, as if to say: "I missed! I missed!"»

She rushes to her husband.

“- Dymov! she called loudly. - Dymov!

She wanted to explain to him that it was a mistake, that everything was not yet lost, that life could still be beautiful and happy, that he was a rare, extraordinary, great person, and that she would be in awe of him all her life, pray and experience sacred fear. .. "

But it was too late. Dymov died, and is no longer fit for anything, except to be buried.

Video fragment 4. Feature film "Jumping"

The short story "The Jumping Girl" was written by Chekhov in 1892. main character- Olga Ivanovna is getting married to Osip Stepanovich Dymov. At the wedding itself, Olga Ivanovna behaves a little strangely: she seems to be justifying herself for her choice of a husband in front of the guests. The fact is that she is marrying (as it seems to her) a gray man, unremarkable. Osip Stepanych was a doctor and also had the rank of titular adviser. He led a calm, measured life. Whereas all the friends of the heroine were not quite ordinary people: celebrities and promising people in creativity. Olga Ivanovna constantly moved in circles of creative people. Moreover, some celebrities were replaced by others, as soon as someone became famous at least a little, so that they just started talking about him, Olga Ivanovna was right there: she immediately found a reason to meet, immediately invited him to visit. Olga Ivanovna herself did not do much: she sang, accompanied, read poetry, wrote sketches. Her famous acquaintances noted her creative abilities, told her that if she did something seriously, she was not lazy, then she would also be of use.

Osip Stepanovich studied medicine and natural sciences all his life, he was not interested in art. The husband did not contradict his wife in anything, on Wednesdays there were no parties at which he served his wife's guests. The guests, looking at him, thought: "Nice guy!", and immediately forgot about him, since he was not interesting for them. But this way of life suited both spouses and their family life was at first happy.

On a trip to the Volga, Olga Ivanovna had an affair with a young artist Ryabovsky. But soon the artist lost interest in her. The woman herself begged him for love. The husband soon began to guess about his wife's betrayal, but at the same time he did not reproach her with a word. Soon Olga Ivanovna told all her acquaintances about Dymov: - This man oppresses me with his generosity!

Once Osip Stepanovich fell seriously ill. Near the patient, doctors were on duty around the clock, replacing each other. Dymov's friend, Korostylev, was with him all the time, only his wife, afraid of getting infected, did not go into his room. Already before the death of Osip Stepanovich, realizing that his friend was dying, Korostylev in despair tells how Dymov really was, that he showed great promise in science, was a gifted scientist, an excellent doctor and a kind, pure person. And Olga Ivanovna remembered how her late father and all his fellow doctors treated him, she realized that they all saw in him a future celebrity, and she missed!

It would seem that the grief experienced by the heroine should have convinced her how wrong she was when she divided people into famous and not famous. But in fact, she did not mourn the loss of a loving and faithful husband, but a future celebrity, not noticed by her. “I missed it! I missed it! ", is the best indicator that her grief is not genuine, that she still appreciates in people their external position and the degree of their celebrity.

A.P. Chekhov in his work, helping the reader to better imagine what is happening, uses the following artistic methods: comparisons and eloquent epithets. For example, about Ryabovsky - "His life is like the life of a bird", and about the dying Dymov - "Silent creature", and Korostylev "Looked at his friend's wife as if she were the real villain"... A special subtext is hidden in the very title "Jumping". The word itself already indicates the inability to focus on one thing and on the frivolity of the heroine. In addition, the word "Jumping" to every educated person reminds IA Krylov's fable "Dragonfly and the Ant", in which idleness and frivolity are directly condemned.

"Jumping" - one of the works of A.P. Chekhov, in which he continues explore a woman's soul and an unpredictable feminine character. His heroine, Olga Ivanovna, is selfish, deceitful, mean. But at the same time, she is not selfish, sometimes there are moments when she is worried about her betrayal. She is superficial, does not know how to distinguish the important from the secondary, which causes pity both in relation to herself and in relation to the people around her. After all, she values ​​people not for their human qualities, but only for their achievements. The writer does not make any direct conclusions and conclusions at the end of the story, he provides an opportunity for the reader to think about what he has read and draw conclusions for each one for himself.

• Analysis of the story by A.P. Chekhov "Ionych"