Experience and mistakes in the novel "Crime and Punishment" and in the story "Telegram. Arguments for composing the exam on the topic: Experience and mistakes Works in which experience and mistakes

1. Mind and feeling

2. Sense and Sense

Everyone in his life is faced with a choice of what to do: in accordance with reason or succumb to the influence of feelings. Both mind and feelings are an integral part of a person. If you completely surrender to your feelings, you can spend a lot of time and effort on unreasonable experiences and make many mistakes, which in turn cannot always be corrected. Following only reason, people can lose their humanity, become callous and indifferent to others. Such people cannot enjoy simple things, enjoy their good deeds. Therefore, in my opinion, the goal of every person is to find harmony between the dictates of the senses and the prompts of the mind.

In support of my position, I would like to give an example of Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace". One of the main characters is Prince Bolkonsky. Over time, he tries to be like Napoleon. This character, surrendered completely to his mind, which is why he did not allow feelings to break through into his life, so he no longer paid attention to his family, but only thought about how to perform a heroic act, but when he is wounded during the war, he becomes disillusioned with Napoleon, who defeated the Allied army. The prince realizes that all his dreams of glory are useless. At that moment, he allows feelings to penetrate into his life, thanks to which he realizes how dear his family is to him, how he loves it and cannot live without it. Returning from the battle of Austerlitz, he finds his wife already dead, who died during childbirth. At this moment, he realizes the time he spent on his career is irrevocably gone, regrets that he did not show his feelings earlier and completely abandons his desires.

As another argument, I would like to cite as an example the work of I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". The main character, Evgeny Bazarov, dedicated his life to science. He completely surrendered to reason, believing that love and feelings are a useless waste of time. Because of his position in life, he feels like a stranger and older than Kirsanov and his parents. Although deep down he loves them, his presence only brings them grief. Evgeny Bazarov disdainfully treated others, does not allow feelings to break through, dies from a trifle scratch. Being near death, the hero allows feelings to open up, after that he gets closer to his parents and, albeit for a short time, finds peace of mind.

Thus, the main task of a person is to find harmony between reason and feeling. Everyone who listens to the prompts of the mind and does not deny feelings, gets the opportunity to live a full life, saturated with bright colors and emotions.

3. Sense and Sense

Probably everyone in his life was faced with a difficult choice of what to do: in accordance with reason or succumb to the influence of feelings. Both mind and feelings are an integral part of a person. I believe that there should be harmony in the life of every person. Surrendering to feelings without a trace, we can make many mistakes, which in turn cannot always be corrected. By following only reason, people can gradually lose their humanity. That is, to rejoice in simple things, to enjoy your good deeds. Therefore, in my opinion, the goal of every person is to find harmony between the dictates of the senses and the prompts of the mind.

In support of my position, I would like to give an example of Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace". One of the main characters is Prince Balkonsky. For a long time, he tried to be like Napoleon. This character, surrendered himself completely to the mind, because of which he did not allow feelings to break through into his life. Because of this, he no longer paid attention to his family, and only thought about how to accomplish a heroic feat, but when he is wounded during the hostilities, he becomes disillusioned with Napoleon, who defeated the allied army. He realizes that all his dreams of fame were insignificant and useless in his life. And at that moment he allows feelings to penetrate into his life, thanks to which he realizes how dear his family is, how he loves them and cannot live without them. Returning home from the Battle of Austerlitz, he finds his wife already dead, who died during childbirth. At this moment, he realizes the time he spent on his career is irrevocably gone, regrets that he did not show his feelings earlier and completely abandons his desires.

As another argument, I would like to cite as an example the work of I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". The main character, Evgeny Bazarov, dedicated his life to science. He completely surrendered to reason, believing that love and feelings are a waste of time. Because of his position in life, he feels like a stranger and an elder Kirsanov and towards his parents, deep down he loves them, but his presence only brings them grief. Yevgeny Bazarov disdainfully treated others, did not allow feelings to break through, dying from a trifle scratch. But being near death, he allows feelings to open up, after that he draws closer to his parents and finds peace of mind.

The main task of a person is to find harmony between reason and feeling. Anyone who listens to the prompts of the mind and at the same time does not deny feelings, gets the opportunity to live life to the fullest.

4. Sense and Sense

Probably, every person at least once in his life faced a choice: to act based on rational judgments and logic, or to succumb to the influence of feelings and act as the heart tells. I think that in this situation, you need to make a decision, relying on both reason and feeling. That is, it is important to find a balance. Because if a person rely only on reason, he will lose his humanity, and the whole meaning of life will be reduced to achieving the goals. And if he is guided only by feelings, then he can make not only stupid and rash decisions, but also become a kind of animal, and it is the presence of intelligence that distinguishes us from him.

Fiction convinces me of the correctness of this point of view. For example, in the epic novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" Natasha Rostova, guided by feelings, almost made a big mistake in her life. A young girl, who met Mr. Kuragin in the theater, was so impressed by his courtesy and manners that she forgot about reason, completely surrendering to impressions. And Anatole, taking advantage of this situation, pursuing his selfish motives, wanted to steal the girl from the house, thereby ruining her reputation. But due to coincidence of circumstances, his malicious intent was not implemented. This episode of the work is a vivid example of what rash decisions can lead to.

In the work of I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons", the main character, on the contrary, rejects any manifestations of feelings and is a nihilist. According to Bazarov, the only thing that a person should be guided by when making a decision is reason. Therefore, even when at one of the receptions he met the charming, besides intellectually developed Anna Odintsova, Bazarov refused to admit that he was interested in her and even liked him. But still, Eugene continued to communicate with her after, because he liked her company. After a while, he even confessed his feelings to her. But remembering his life views, he decides to stop communicating with her. That is, in order to remain true to his convictions, Bazarov loses true happiness. This work makes the reader realize how important the balance between feelings and reason is.

Thus, the conclusion suggests itself: every time a decision is made, a person is guided by reason and feeling. But, unfortunately, he cannot always find a balance between them, in which case his life becomes incomplete.

5. Sense and Sense

Each person throughout his life makes decisions, guided by reason or feelings. I believe that if you rely only on feelings, then you can make stupid and rash decisions that will lead to negative consequences. And if you are guided only by reason, then the whole meaning of life will be reduced only to the achievement of the set goals. This will lead to the fact that the person may become callous. Therefore, it is very important to try to find harmony between these two manifestations of the human personality.

Fiction convinces me of the correctness of this point of view. So in the work of N. M. Karamzin "Poor Liza" the main character faces a choice: reason or feelings. A young peasant woman, Liza, fell in love with the nobleman Erast. This feeling was new to her. At first, she sincerely did not understand how such an intelligent person could turn his attention to her, so she tried to keep her distance. As a result, she could not resist the surging feelings and surrendered to them entirely, without thinking about the consequences. At first, their hearts were full of love, but after a while, a moment of oversaturation comes, and their feelings fade away. Erast becomes cold towards her and leaves her. And Lisa, unable to cope with the pain and resentment from the betrayal of her beloved, decides to commit suicide. This work is a shining example of what rash decisions can lead to.

In the work of I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons", the main character, on the contrary, rejects any manifestations of feelings and is a nihilist. Evgeny Bazarov makes decisions relying only on reason. This is his position throughout his life. Bazarov does not believe in love, so he was extremely surprised that Odintsov was able to attract his attention. They began to spend a lot of time together. He was pleased with her company, because she is charming and educated, they have many common interests. Over time, Bazarov began to surrender to feelings more and more, but realized that he could not afford to contradict his life convictions. Because of this, Eugene stopped communicating with her, thereby unable to know the true happiness of life - love.

Thus, the conclusion suggests itself: if a person does not know how to make decisions, guided by both reason and feeling, then his life is incomplete. After all, these are two components of our inner world, which complement each other. Therefore, they are incredibly powerful together and insignificant without each other.

6. Sense and Sense

Reason and feelings are two forces, equally needing each other, they are dead and insignificant without each other. I completely agree with this statement. Indeed, both mind and feelings are two components that are an integral part of every person. Although they perform different functions, the connection between them is very strong.

In my opinion, both mind and feelings are part of the personality of each person. They must be in balance. Only in this case people will be able not only to objectively look at the world, to protect themselves from stupid mistakes, but also to know such feelings as love, friendship and sincere kindness. If people trust only their minds, then they lose humanity, without which their life will not be full and will turn into a banal achievement of goals. If you follow only sensual impulses and do not control emotions, then the life of such a person will be filled with ridiculous experiences and rash actions.

In support of my words, I will cite as an example the work of IS Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". The main character, Evgeny Bazarov, has relied only on reason all his life. He considered him to be the main advisor in the choice of solutions to certain problems. In his life, Eugene never gave in to feelings. Bazarov sincerely believed that it is possible to live a happy and meaningful life, relying only on the laws of logic. However, at the end of his life, he realized the importance of feelings. Thus, Bazarov, due to his wrong approach, lived an incomplete life: he did not have real friendship, did not let his soul in his only love, could not experience peace of mind or spiritual solitude with anyone.

In addition, I will cite as an example the work of I.A. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet". The main character, Zheltkov, is so much blinded by his feelings. His mind is clouded, he completely succumbed to feelings and, as a result, love leads Zheltkov to death. He believes that it is his destiny - to love madly, but unrequited, that it is impossible to escape from fate. Since the meaning of Zheltkov's life was in Vera, after she rejected the attention of the protagonist, he lost his desire to live. Being under the influence of feelings, he could not use reason and see another way out of this situation.

Thus, the importance of reason and feeling cannot be overemphasized. They are an inseparable part of each and the predominance of one of them can lead a person on the wrong path. People who rely on one of these forces, in the end, must reconsider their life orientations, since the longer they go to extremes, the more negative consequences their actions can lead to.

7. Sense and Sensibility

Feelings play a big role in the life of every person. They help us to feel all the beauty and beauty of our world. But is it possible to always surrender completely to the feelings?

In my opinion, surrendering ourselves completely to sensual impulses, we can spend a huge amount of time and effort on unreasonable experiences, make many mistakes, not all of which can later be corrected. Reason, on the other hand, allows you to choose the most successful path to achieve your goals, to make fewer mistakes in your life. But by doing actions, guided exclusively by logic and rational judgments, we risk losing our humanity, therefore it is very important that both components are always in harmony, since if one of them begins to prevail, a person's life becomes inferior.

In support of my position, I would like to cite as an example the work of I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Children". One of the main characters is Evgeny Bazarov - a man who was guided by reason all his life, trying to completely ignore his feelings. Due to his life approach and an overly rational point of view, he cannot get close to anyone, as he is looking for a logical explanation in everything. Bazarov is convinced that a person should be of specific benefit, like chemistry or mathematics. The hero sincerely believes: "A decent chemist is 20 times more useful than any poet." The realm of feelings, art, religion do not exist for the Bazaars. In his opinion, these are inventions of aristocrats. But over time, Eugene is discouraged in his life principles when he meets Anna Odintsova - his true love. Realizing that not all his feelings are amenable to control and that the ideology of his whole life is about to crumble to dust, the main character leaves to his parents to plunge into work and recover from unfamiliar emotions experienced by him. Further, Eugene, having made an unsuccessful experiment, becomes infected with a fatal disease and soon dies. Thus, the main character lived an empty life. He rejected the only love, did not know true friendship.

An important figure in this work is Arkady Kirsanov, a friend of Evgeny Bazarov. Despite the strong pressure from his friend, on Arkady's desire for logical explanations of his actions, the desire for a rational understanding of everything that surrounds him, the hero did not exclude feelings from his life. Arkady always treated his father with love and tenderness, defended his uncle from the attacks of his comrade - a nihilist. Kirsanov Jr. tried to see the good in everyone. Having met Ekaterina Odintsova on his life path and realizing that he had fallen in love with her, Arkady immediately reconciled with the hopelessness of his feelings. It is thanks to the harmony between reason and feeling that he gets along with the life around him, finds his family happiness and thrives on his estate.

Thus, if a person is guided exclusively by reason or feelings, his life becomes incomplete and meaningless. After all, mind and feelings are two integral components of human consciousness that complement each other and help us achieve our goals without losing our humanity and without depriving ourselves of important life values ​​and emotions.

8. Sense and Sense

Each person throughout his life faces a choice of what to do: trust his own mind or surrender to feelings and emotions.

Relying on our own mind, we reach our goal much faster, but suppressing feelings, we lose humanity, change our attitude towards others. But surrendering to feelings without a trace, we risk making many mistakes, not all of which can subsequently be corrected.

There are many examples in the world literature that confirm my opinion. I.S. Turgenev in the novel "Fathers and Sons" shows us the main character - Yevgeny Bazarov, a man whose life is built on the denial of all possible principles. Bazarov tries to find a logical explanation in everything, considering any manifestations of feelings nonsense. When Anna Sergeevna appears in his life - the only woman who could make a great impression on him, and with whom he fell in love, Bazarov realizes that not all feelings are subject to him and that his theory is about to crumble. He cannot stand all this, he cannot come to terms with the fact that he is an ordinary person with his weaknesses, which is why he leaves for his parents, closes in himself and completely surrenders to work. Due to his wrong priorities, Bazarov lived an empty and meaningless life. He did not know true friendship, true love, and even in the face of his death, there was too little time left to make up for what he had lost.

As a second argument, I want to cite as an example Arkady, a friend of Yevgeny Bazarov, who is his complete opposite. Arkady lives in complete harmony between reason and feelings, which does not allow him to commit rash acts, but at the same time he respects ancient traditions, allows feelings to be present in his life. Humanity is not alien to him, because he is open, kind in relation to others. He imitates Bazarov in many ways, this will cause a conflict with his father. But having rethought a lot, Arkady begins to look more and more like his father: he is ready to make compromises with life. The main thing for him is not the material basis in life, but spiritual values.

Each person during his life chooses what he will become, what is closer to him: reason or feelings. But I believe that a person will live in harmony with himself and with those around him, only if he is able to balance in himself the “element of feelings” and “cold mind”.

9. Sense and Sensibility

Each person in his life faced a choice of what to do: submit to a cold mind or surrender to feelings and emotions. Guided by reason and forgetting about feelings, we quickly achieve our goal, but at the same time we lose humanity, change our attitude towards others. Surrendering to feelings ignoring reason, we can waste a lot of mental strength in vain. Also, if we do not analyze the results of our actions, then we can do a lot of stupid things, not every of which will be possible to correct.

There are many examples in the world of fiction that confirm my opinion. I.S. Turgenev in the work "Fathers and Sons" shows us the main character, Evgeny Bazarov - a man whose whole life is built on the denial of all kinds of principles. He is always looking for a logical explanation in everything. But when a young beautiful woman appears in the life of the hero - Anna Andreeva, who made a strong impression on him, Bazarov realizes that he cannot control his feelings and that he, like ordinary people, is characterized by weaknesses. The main character tries to suppress the feeling of love in himself and leaves for his parents, completely devoting himself to work. During the autopsy of a typhoid patient, the hero becomes infected with a fatal disease. It was only when he was on his deathbed that Bazarov realized all his mistakes and gained invaluable experience that helped him live the rest of his life in harmony between reason and feelings.

The striking opposite of Evgeny Bazarov is Arkady Kirsanov. He lives in complete harmony between reason and feelings, which prevents him from committing rash acts. But at the same time, Arkady respects ancient traditions, allows feelings to be present in his life. Humanity is not alien to him, because he is open, kind in relation to others. Arkady imitates Bazarov in many ways, this is the main reason for the conflict with his father. Over time, having rethought everything, Arkady begins to look more and more like his father: he is ready to make compromises with life. The main thing for him is spiritual values.

Thus, each person during his life should try to find harmony between the "element of feelings" and "cold mind". The longer we suppress one of these components of the human personality, the more internal contradictions we end up with.

1. Experience and mistakes

Probably, the main wealth of every person is experience. It consists of knowledge, skills and abilities that a person receives over the years. The experience we receive during our lives can influence the formation of our views and worldview.
In my opinion, experience is impossible without making mistakes. After all, it is they who give us the knowledge that allows us not to commit such wrong actions in the future. A person commits wrong actions throughout his life, regardless of age. The only difference is that at the beginning of life, they are more harmless, but they occur much more often. A person who has lived for a long time makes fewer and fewer mistakes, since he draws certain conclusions and does not allow the same actions in the future.

In support of my position, I want to cite as an example, the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace". The main character, Pierre Bezukhov, is very different from people who belonged to high society in unattractive appearance, fullness, excessive softness. Nobody took him seriously, and some treated him with disdain. But as soon as Pierre receives the inheritance, he is immediately accepted into high society, he becomes an enviable groom. Having tasted the life of a rich man, he realizes that this is not his, that in high society there are no people like him, close to him in spirit. Having married Helen, under the influence of Kuragin, and having lived with her for a certain time, the main character realizes that Helen is just a beautiful girl, with an icy heart and a cruel disposition, with whom he cannot find his happiness. After that, he begins to be attracted by the ideology of the Masonic order, in which equality, brotherhood, and love are preached. The hero develops a belief that there should be a kingdom of good and truth in the world, and a person's happiness lies in striving to achieve them. Having lived for some time according to the laws of brotherhood, the hero realizes that Freemasonry is useless in his life, since Pierre's ideas are not shared by his brothers: following his ideals, Pierre wanted to alleviate the fate of serfs, build hospitals, orphanages and schools for them, but finds no support among other Masons. Pierre also notices hypocrisy, hypocrisy, careerism among the brothers and, in the end, becomes disillusioned with Freemasonry. Time passes, the war begins, and Pierre Bezukhov rushes to the front, although he does not understand military affairs. In the war, he sees how many people suffer at the hands of Napoleon. And he gains the desire to kill Napoleon with his own hands, but he fails, and he is captured. In captivity, Pierre meets Platon Karataev, and this acquaintance plays an important role in his life. He realizes the truth that he was looking for: that a person has a right to happiness and should be happy. Pierre Bezukhov sees the true value of life. Soon, Pierre finds long-awaited happiness with Natasha Rostova, who was not only his wife and mother of his children, but also a friend who supported him in everything. Pierre Bezukhov went a long way, made many mistakes, but each of them was not in vain, he learned a lesson from each mistake, thanks to which he found the truth that he had been looking for for so long.

As one more argument, I would like to cite as an example the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment". The main character, Rodion Raskolnikov, is a romantic, proud and strong personality. A former law student who left due to poverty. Soon Raskolnikov kills the old woman-financier and her sister Lizaveta. Because of his deed, the hero experiences a spiritual shock. He feels like a stranger to those around him. The hero has a fever, he is close to suicide. Nevertheless, Raskolnikov helps the Marmeladov family by giving her the last money. It seems to the hero that he can live with it. Pride awakens in him. With his last strength, he confronts the investigator Porfiry Petrovich. Gradually, the hero begins to realize the value of ordinary life, his pride is crushed, he is ready to come to terms with the fact that he is an ordinary person, with all his weaknesses and shortcomings. Raskolnikov can no longer remain silent: he talks about his crime to Sonya. Then he confesses everything at the police station. The hero is sentenced to seven years in hard labor. Throughout his life, the main character made many mistakes, many of which were terrible and irreversible. The main thing is that Raskolnikov was able to draw the correct conclusion from the experience gained and change himself: he comes to a rethinking of moral values: “Did I kill an old woman? I killed myself. " The protagonist realized that pride is sinful, that the laws of life do not obey the laws of arithmetic and that people should not be judged, but loved, accepting them as God created them.

Thus, mistakes play an important role in everyone's life, they teach us, they help us gain experience. You need to learn to draw conclusions from your mistakes so as not to commit them in the future.

2. Experience and mistakes

What is experience? How is it related to errors? Experience is precious knowledge that a person learns throughout his life. Errors are its main component. However, there are times when, making them, he does not always get experience in the way that he does not analyze them and does not try to understand where he was wrong.

To us, in my opinion, experience cannot be obtained without making mistakes and without analyzing them. Correction of errors is also quite an important process by which a person is fully aware of the whole essence of the problem.

In support of my words, I will cite as an example the work of Alexander Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". The main character, Aleksey Ivanovich Shvabrin, is a dishonest nobleman who uses any means to achieve his goals. Throughout the entire work, he commits vile, vile deeds. Once he was in love with Masha Mironova, but he was refused for his feelings. And, seeing the favor with which she meets with attention from Grinev, Shvabrin tries in every possible way to denigrate the name of the girl and her family, as a result of which Peter challenges him to a duel. And here Alexey Ivanovich behaves unworthily: he wounds Grinev with a dishonorable blow, but this act did not bring him relief. More than anything in the world, Shvabrin fears for his own life, so when a rebellion begins, he immediately goes over to the side of Pugachev. Even after the uprising is suppressed, while in the courtroom, he commits his last dastardly act. Shvabrin tried to tarnish the name of Pyotr Grinev, however, this attempt was also a failure. Throughout his life, Aleksey Ivanovich committed many vile deeds, but he did not draw conclusions from one of them and did not change his worldview. As a result, his whole life was empty and full of anger.

In addition, I will cite as an example the work of L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace". The main character, Pierre Bezukhov, made many mistakes throughout his life, but they were not empty and each of them contained the knowledge that further helped him to live. Bezukhov's main goal was to find his own path in life. Disappointed in Moscow society, Pierre enters the Masonic order, hoping to find answers to his questions there. To share the thoughts of the order, he tries to improve the position of the serfs. In this, Pierre sees the meaning of his life. However, seeing careerism and hypocrisy in Freemasonry, he becomes disillusioned and severs contact with it. Once again, Pierre finds himself in a state of melancholy and sadness. The war of 1812 inspires him, he seeks to share the difficult fate of the country with everyone. And, having gone through the pain of war, Pierre begins to understand the true logic of life and its laws: "What he previously sought and did not find in Freemasonry was rediscovered to him here, in close marriage."

Thus, using the knowledge gained in the course of correcting mistakes, a person will eventually find his own path and lead a happy and full of joy life.

3. Experience and mistakes

Probably, experience can be considered the main wealth of every person. Experience is a unity of skills and knowledge acquired in the process of direct experiences, impressions, observations, and practical actions. Experience influences the formation of our consciousness, worldview. Thanks to him, we become who we are. In my opinion, experience cannot be gained without making mistakes. A person commits wrong actions and actions throughout his life, regardless of age. The only difference is that at the beginning of life, there are much more mistakes and they are more harmless. Often, young people, spurred on by curiosity and emotions, take action quickly without much thought, without realizing the further consequences. Of course, a person who has lived for more than a dozen years does much less wrong actions, he is more inclined to constant analysis of the environment, his own actions and deeds, he can predict possible consequences, therefore every step of adults is measured, thought out and unhurried. Based on his experience and wisdom, an adult can predict any action several steps ahead, he sees a much more complete picture of the environment, various hidden dependencies and interconnections, and that is why the advice and guidance of elders are so valuable. But no matter how wise and experienced a person is, it is impossible to avoid mistakes at all.

In support of my position, I would like to cite as an example the work of I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". The main character, Evgeny Bazarov, did not listen to his elders all his life, he ignored the centuries-old traditions and experience of generations, believed only in what he could personally verify. Because of this, he was in conflict with his parents, and felt like a stranger in relation to those close to him. The result of such a worldview was the too late realization of the true values ​​of human life.
As one more argument, I would like to cite as an example the work of MABulgakov “Heart of a Dog”. In this story, Professor Preobrazhensky turns a dog into a man, by his act interferes with the natural course of nature and creates Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov - a man without moral principles. Subsequently, realizing his responsibility, he realizes what mistake he made. Which became an invaluable experience for him.

Thus, we can conclude that mistakes do happen in a person's life. Only overcoming obstacles, we come to the goal. Mistakes teach, help gain experience. You need to learn to draw conclusions from your mistakes and not allow them in the future.

4. Experience and mistakes




In support of my position, I want to cite as an example, the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace". The main character, Pierre Bezukhov, is very different from people who belonged to high society in unattractive appearance, fullness, excessive softness. Nobody took him seriously, and some treated him with disdain. But as soon as Pierre receives the inheritance, he is immediately accepted into high society, he becomes an enviable groom. Having tasted the life of a rich man, he realizes that this is not his, that in high society there are no people like him, close to him in spirit. Having married Helen, under the influence of Kuragin, and having lived time with her, he realizes that Helen is just a beautiful girl, with an ice heart and a cruel disposition, with whom he cannot find his happiness. After that, he begins to listen to the ideas of Freemasonry, believing that this is what he was looking for. In Freemasonry, he is attracted by the ideas of equality, brotherhood, love, the hero develops a belief that there should be a kingdom of good and truth in the world, and a person's happiness lies in striving to achieve them. Having lived for some time according to the laws of brotherhood, the hero realizes that Freemasonry is useless in his life, since his ideas are not shared by his brothers: following his ideals, Pierre wanted to alleviate the plight of serfs, build hospitals, shelters and schools for them, but does not find support among other Freemasons. Pierre also notices hypocrisy, hypocrisy, careerism among the brothers and, in the end, becomes disillusioned with Freemasonry. Time passes, the war begins, and Pierre Bezukhov rushes to the front, although he is not a military man and does not understand this. In the war, he sees how many people suffer at the hands of Napoleon. And he gains a desire to kill Napoleon with his own hands, but unfortunately he does not succeed and he is taken prisoner. In captivity, he meets Platon Karataev and this acquaintance plays an important role in his life. He realizes the truth that he was looking for: that a person has a right to happiness and should be happy. Pierre Bezukhov sees the true value of life. Soon, Pierre finds long-awaited happiness with Natasha Rostova, who was not only his wife and mother of his children, but also a friend who supported him in everything. Pierre Bezukhov went a long way, made many mistakes, but still came to the truth, which he had to understand after going through difficult trials of fate.

Another argument, I would like to cite as an example the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment". The main character, Rodion Raskolnikov, is a romantic, proud and strong personality. A former law student who left due to poverty. After that, Raskolnikov kills the old money-lender and her sister Lizaveta. After the murder, Raskolnikov experiences a spiritual shock. He feels himself a stranger to all people. The hero has a fever, he is close to insanity and suicide. Nevertheless, he helps the Marmeladov family by giving her the last money. It seems to the hero that he can live with it. Pride and self-confidence awaken in him. With his last strength, he confronts the investigator Porfiry Petrovich. Gradually, the hero begins to realize the value of ordinary life, his pride is crushed, he is ready to come to terms with the fact that he is an ordinary person, with all his weaknesses and shortcomings. Raskolnikov can no longer remain silent: he confesses his crime to Sonya. After that, he goes to the police station and confesses everything. The hero is sentenced to seven years in hard labor. There he realizes the whole essence of mistakes and gains experience.

Thus, we can conclude that mistakes in human life happen, only overcoming obstacles, we come to the goal. Mistakes teach us, help us gain experience. You need to learn to draw conclusions from your mistakes and not allow them in the future.

5. Experience and mistakes

Throughout his life, a person not only develops as a person, but also accumulates experience. Experience is knowledge, skills and abilities that are accumulated over time, they help people make the right decisions and find a way out of difficult situations. I believe that experienced people are those people who, having made a mistake, do not repeat it twice. That is, a person becomes wiser and more experienced only when he is able to realize his mistake. Therefore, many mistakes made by young people are the result of their impulsiveness and inexperience. And adults make mistakes much less often, because they, first of all, analyze the situation and think about the consequences.

Fiction convinces me of the correctness of this point of view. In the work of F. M. Dostoevsky, "Crime and Punishment", the main character goes to the crime in order to test his theory in practice, while not thinking about the consequences. After killing the old woman, Rodion Raskolnikov realizes that his beliefs are wrong, realizes his mistake and feels guilty. In order to somehow get rid of the pangs of conscience, he begins to take care of others. So the main character, walking down the street and seeing a man who was crushed by a horse, and who needs help, decides to do a good deed. Namely, he brought the dying Marmeladov home so that he could say goodbye to his family. Then Raskolnikov helps the family in organizing the funeral and even gives money to cover expenses. Providing these services, he does not demand anything in return. But, despite his efforts to atone for guilt, his conscience continues to torment him. Therefore, in the end, he confesses that he killed the pawnbroker, for which he was sent into exile. Thus, this work convinces me that a person gains experience by making mistakes.

I would also like to cite as an example the fairy tale "The Wise Gudgeon" by ME Saltykov-Shchedrin. From a young age, the gudgeon wanted to achieve success in life, but he was afraid of everything and hid in the bottom mud. As the years passed, the minnow continued to shake with fear and hide from real and imagined danger. He never made friends in his entire life, did not help anyone, never stood up for the truth. Therefore, already in old age, the gudgeon began to torment his conscience for the fact that he had existed in vain. Yes, it was only too late that I realized my mistake. Thus, we can conclude: mistakes that are committed by a person give him invaluable experience. Therefore, the older a person is, the more experienced and wiser he is.

6. Experience and mistakes

Throughout his life, a person develops as a person and gains experience. Errors play an important role in its accumulation. And the knowledge, skills and abilities gained subsequently help people to avoid them in the future. Therefore, adults are wiser than young people. After all, people who have lived for more than a dozen years are able to analyze the situation, think rationally and think about the consequences. And young people are too hot-tempered and ambitious, not always able to monitor their behavior and often make rash decisions.

Fiction convinces me of the correctness of this point of view. Thus, in Leo Tolstoy's epic novel War and Peace, Pierre Bezukhov had to make many mistakes and face the consequences of wrong decisions before finding true happiness and the meaning of life. In his youth, he wanted to become a member of Moscow society, and, having received this opportunity, he took advantage of it. However, he felt uncomfortable in it, so he left him. After that, he married Helen, but could not get along with her, since she turned out to be a hypocrite, and divorced her. Later he was interested in the idea of ​​Freemasonry. Having entered it, Pierre was delighted that he had finally found his place in life. Unfortunately, he soon realized that this was not the case and left Freemasonry. After that, he went to war, where he met Platon Karataev. It was the new friend who helped the protagonist to understand what the meaning of life is. Thanks to this, Pierre married Natasha Rostova, became an exemplary family man and found true happiness. This work makes the reader be convinced that by making mistakes, a person becomes wiser.

Another striking example is the work of FM Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" for the protagonist, who also had to go through a lot before gaining knowledge and skills. Rodion Raskolnikov, in order to test his theory in practice, kills the old lady and her sister. Having committed this crime, he realizes the seriousness of the consequences and is afraid of arrest. But, despite this, he experiences a pang of conscience. And in order to somehow smooth out his guilt, he begins to take care of those around him. So, walking in the park, Rodion rescues a young girl whose honor they wanted to desecrate. And also helps a stranger who has been run over by a horse to get home. But upon the arrival of the doctor, Marmeladov dies of blood loss. Raskolnikov organizes the funeral at his own expense and helps his children. But all this cannot ease his torment, and he decides to write a frank confession. Only this helps him to find peace.

Thus, a person makes many mistakes throughout his life, thanks to which he acquires new knowledge, skills and abilities. That is, over time, he accumulates invaluable experience. Therefore, adults are wiser and smarter than young people.

7. Experience and mistakes

Probably, the main wealth of every person is experience. It consists of knowledge, skills and abilities that a person receives over the years. The experience we receive during our lives can influence the formation of our views and worldview.

In my opinion, experience is impossible without making mistakes. After all, it is mistakes that give us the knowledge that allows us not to commit such wrong actions and deeds in the future.

In support of my position, I would like to cite as an example the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace". The main character, Pierre Bezukhov, is very different from people who belonged to high society, unattractive appearance, fullness, excessive softness. Nobody took him seriously, and some treated him with disdain. But as soon as Pierre receives the inheritance, he is immediately accepted into high society, he becomes an enviable groom. Having tasted the life of a rich man, he realizes that it does not suit him, that in high society there are no people like him, close to him in spirit. Having married a secular beauty, Helen, under the influence of Anatol Kuragin, and having lived with her for some time, Pierre realizes that Helen is just a beautiful girl, with an icy heart and cruel disposition, with whom he cannot find his happiness. After that, the hero begins to listen to the ideas of Freemasonry, believing that this is what he was looking for. In Freemasonry, he is attracted by equality, brotherhood, love. The hero develops a belief that there should be a kingdom of good and truth in the world, and a person's happiness lies in striving to achieve them. Having lived for some time according to the laws of brotherhood, Pierre realizes that Freemasonry is useless in his life, since the hero's ideas are not shared by the brothers: following his ideals, Pierre wanted to alleviate the plight of serfs, build hospitals, shelters and schools for them, but does not find support among other Freemasons. Pierre also notices hypocrisy, hypocrisy, careerism among the brothers and, in the end, becomes disillusioned with Freemasonry. Time passes, the war begins, and Pierre Bezukhov rushes to the front, although he is not a military man and does not understand military affairs. In war, he sees the suffering of a huge number of people from Napoleon's army. He has a desire to kill Napoleon with his own hands, but he fails, and he is captured. In captivity, he meets Platon Karataev and this acquaintance plays an important role in his life. He is aware of the truth that he has been looking for for so long. He understands that a person has a right to happiness and should be happy. Pierre Bezukhov sees the true value of life. Soon, the Hero finds long-awaited happiness with Natasha Rostova, who was not only his wife and mother of his children, but also a friend who supported him in everything. Pierre Bezukhov went a long way, made many mistakes, but nevertheless came to the truth that could be acquired only after passing the difficult trials of fate.

As another argument, I would like to cite as an example the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment". The main character, Rodion Raskolnikov, is a romantic, proud and strong personality. A former law student who left due to poverty. After completing his studies, Rodion Raskolnikov decides to test his theory and kills the old money-lender and her sister Lizaveta. But, after the murder, Raskolnikov is experiencing a spiritual shock. He feels like a stranger to others. The hero develops a fever, he is close to suicide. Nevertheless, Raskolnikov helps the Marmeladov family by giving her the last money. The hero thinks that his good deeds will allow him to ease the pangs of conscience. Pride even awakens in him. But this is not enough. With his last strength, he confronts the investigator Porfiry Petrovich. Gradually, the hero begins to realize the value of ordinary life, his pride is crushed, he is ready to come to terms with the fact that he is an ordinary person, with his weaknesses and shortcomings. Raskolnikov can no longer remain silent: he confesses his crime to his girlfriend - Sonia. It is she who puts him on the right path, and after that, the hero goes to the police station and confesses everything. The hero is sentenced to seven years in hard labor. Sonia, who fell in love with him, goes to hard labor after Rodion. Raskolnikov is ill for a long time in hard labor. He painfully experiences his crime, does not want to come to terms with it, does not communicate with anyone. Sonechka's love and Raskolnikov's own love for her resurrect him for a new life. As a result of long wanderings, the hero still understands what mistakes he made and, thanks to the experience gained, realizes the truth and finds peace of mind.

Thus, we can conclude that mistakes do happen in people's lives. But, only after passing difficult trials, a person comes to his goal. Mistakes teach us, help us gain experience. You need to learn to draw conclusions from your mistakes and not allow them in the future.

8. Experience and mistakes

He who does nothing is never wrong.I completely agree with this statement. Indeed, making mistakes is inherent in all people and it is possible to avoid them only in case of inaction. A person who stands in one place and does not receive invaluable knowledge that comes with experience excludes the process of self-development.

In my opinion, making mistakes is a process that brings a useful result to a person, that is, provides the knowledge he needs to solve life's difficulties. Enriching their experience, people improve every time, thanks to which they do not commit wrong actions in similar situations. The life of a person who does nothing is boring and dull, since she is not motivated by the task of improving herself, knowing the true meaning of her life. As a result, such people waste their precious time on inaction.
In support of my words, I will cite as an example the work of IAGoncharov "Oblomov". The main character, Oblomov, leads a passive lifestyle. It is important to note that such inaction is a conscious choice of the hero. The ideal of his life is a calm and peaceful existence in Oblomovka. Inaction and a passive attitude towards life devastated the person from the inside, and his life became pale and dull. In his heart, he has long been ready to solve all problems, but the matter does not go beyond desire. Oblomov is afraid to make mistakes because of which he chooses inaction, which is not a solution to his problem.

In addition, I will cite as an example the work of Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace". The main character, Pierre Bezukhov, made many mistakes in his life and, in this regard, received invaluable knowledge, which he used in the future. All these mistakes were made for the sake of knowing their purpose in this world. At the beginning of the work, Pierre wanted to live a happy life with a beautiful young lady, however, having seen her true essence, he became disillusioned with her and with all of Moscow society. In Freemasonry, he was attracted by the ideas of brotherhood and love. Inspired by the ideology of the order, he decides to improve the lives of the peasants, but does not receive approval from his brothers and decides to leave Freemasonry. It was only when he got to the war that Pierre realized the true meaning of his life. All his mistakes were not made in vain, they showed the hero the right path.

Thus, a mistake is a stepping stone to knowledge and success. It is only necessary to overcome it and not stumble. Our life is a high staircase. And I would like to wish that this staircase would only lead up.

9. Experience and mistakes

Is the saying “Experience is the best mentor” true? After reflecting on this question, I came to the conclusion that this judgment is correct. Indeed, throughout his life, a person, making many mistakes and making wrong decisions, draws conclusions and gains new knowledge, skills and abilities. Thanks to this, a person develops as a person.

Fiction convinces me of the correctness of this point of view. Thus, the protagonist of Leo Tolstoy's epic novel War and Peace, Pierre Bezukhov, made many mistakes before he found true happiness. In his youth, he dreamed of becoming a member of Moscow society, and soon received such an opportunity. However, he soon left him, as he felt like a stranger there. Later, Pierre met Helen Kuragina, who charmed her with her beauty. Not having time to find out her inner world, the hero married her. He soon realized that Helen was just a beautiful doll with a cruel hypocritical disposition, and filed for divorce. Despite all his life disappointments, Pierre continued to believe in true happiness. So, having entered the Masonic society, the hero rejoiced that he had acquired the meaning of life. Brotherhood ideas interested him. However, he quickly noticed careerism and hypocrisy among the brothers. Among other things, he realized that it was impossible to achieve the goals set, so he severed ties with the order. After some time, the war began, and Bezukhov went to the front, where he met Platon Karataev. The new friend helped the protagonist understand what true happiness is. Pierre overestimated the values ​​of life and realized that only his family would make him happy. Having met Natasha Rostova, the hero discerned kindness and sincerity in her. He married her and became an exemplary family man. This work forces the reader to be convinced that mistakes play a huge role in gaining experience.

Another striking example is the protagonist of the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky, "Crime and Punishment", Rodion Raskolnikov. In order to test his theory in practice, he killed old money-giver and her sister, without thinking about the consequences. After what he had done, his conscience tormented him, and he did not dare to confess to the crime, as he was afraid of exile. And in order to somehow smooth out his guilt, Rodion began to take care of those around him. So, walking in the park, Raskolnikov saved a young girl, whose honor they wanted to desecrate. He also helped a stranger who was run over by a horse to get home. Upon the arrival of the doctor, the victim died of blood loss. Rodion organized the funeral at his own expense, and helped the children of the deceased. But nothing could ease his torment, so the hero decided to write a frank confession. And only after that Raskolnikov was able to find peace.

Thus, experience is the main wealth that a person accumulates throughout his life and allows him to avoid many mistakes. Therefore, it is impossible to disagree with this statement.

1. Honor and dishonor

In our cruel age, it seems that the concepts of honor and dishonor have died. There is no particular need to preserve honor for girls - striptease and viciousness are paid dearly, and money is much more attractive than some ephemeral honor. I recall Knurov from AN Ostrovsky's "Dowry": "There are boundaries beyond which condemnation does not go: I can offer you such a huge content that the most evil critics of someone else's morality will have to shut up and open their mouths in surprise."

Sometimes it seems that men have long ceased to dream of serving for the good of the Fatherland, protecting their honor and dignity, and defending their Motherland. Probably, the literature remains the only evidence of the existence of these concepts.

The most cherished work of A.S. Pushkin begins with the epigraph: "Take care of honor from your youth" - which is part of the Russian proverb. The whole novel "The Captain's Daughter" gives us the best understanding of honor and dishonor. The main character Petrusha Grinev is a young man, practically a youth (at the time of his departure for the service he turned "eighteen" years old according to the testimony of his mother), but he is so determined that he is ready to die on the gallows, but not to tarnish his honor. And this is not only because his father bequeathed to him to serve in this way. Life without honor for a nobleman is like death. But his opponent and envious Shvabrin acts in a completely different way. His decision to go over to the side of Pugachev is determined by the fear for his life. He, unlike Grinev, does not want to die. The outcome of the life of each of the heroes is logical. Grinev lives a dignified, albeit poor, landowner life and dies with his children and grandchildren. And the fate of Alexei Shvabrin is understandable, although Pushkin does not say anything about this, but most likely death or hard labor will cut off this unworthy life of a traitor, a man who has not retained his honor.

War is a catalyst for the most important human qualities, it shows either courage and courage, or meanness and cowardice. We can find proof of this in the story "Sotnikov" by V. Bykov. The two heroes are the moral poles of the story. A fisherman - energetic, strong, physically strong, but courageous? Once captured, on pain of death, he betrays his partisan detachment, betrays its deployment, weapons, strength - in a word, everything in order to eliminate this hotbed of resistance to the Nazis. But frail, sickly, puny Sotnikov turns out to be courageous, endures torture, and resolutely ascends to the scaffold, not doubting the correctness of his deed for a second. He knows that death is not as terrible as the remorse of betrayal. At the end of the story, Rybak, who escaped death, tries to hang himself in the outhouse, but cannot, since he cannot find a suitable tool (the belt was taken from him during his arrest). His death is a matter of time, he is not a completely fallen sinner, and living with such a burden is unbearable.

Years pass, in the historical memory of mankind there are still samples of acts of honor and conscience. Will they become an example for my contemporaries? I think yes. The heroes who died in Syria, rescuing people in fires, in disasters, prove that there is honor, dignity, and there are bearers of these noble qualities.

2. Honor and dishonor

Every newborn is given a name. Together with the name, a person receives a history of his kind, the memory of generations and an idea of ​​honor. Sometimes the name obliges to be worthy of its origin. Sometimes you have to wash off your actions, correct the negative memory of your family. How not to lose your dignity? How to protect yourself in the face of the emerging danger? It is very difficult to be prepared for such a test. Many examples of this can be found in Russian literature.

In the story of Viktor Petrovich Astafiev "Lyudochka" there is a story about the fate of a young girl, yesterday's schoolgirl, who came to the city in search of a better life. Growing up in the family of a hereditary alcoholic, like frozen grass, she has been trying all her life to preserve honor, some kind of female dignity, trying to work honestly, build relationships with people around her, without offending anyone, pleasing everyone, but keeping her at a distance. And people respect her. Respects for her reliability and hard work her landlady Gavrilovna, respects poor Artyom for her severity and morality, respects in her own way, but for some reason is silent about it, stepfather. Everyone sees her as a person. However, on her way there is a disgusting type, a criminal and a scum - Strekach. He does not care about a person, his lust is above all. The betrayal of the "boyfriend-friend" Artyomka turns into a terrible ending for Lyudochka. And the girl is left alone with her grief. For Gavrilovna, there is no particular problem in this: "Well, they broke the plonba, you think, what a disaster. But this is not a flaw, but now they get married at random, ugh, now for these things ..."

The mother generally withdraws and pretends that nothing has happened: an adult, they say, let her get out of it herself. Artyom and "friends" are calling to spend time together. And Lyudochka does not want to live like this, with a soiled, trampled honor. Seeing no way out of this situation, she decides not to live at all. In her last note, she asks for forgiveness: "Gavrilovna! Mom! Stepfather! What is your name, I did not ask. Good people, forgive me!"

The fact that Gavrilovna, and not her mother, is in the first place here, testifies to a lot. And the worst thing is that no one cares about this unfortunate soul. In the whole world - no one ...

In the epic novel "Quiet Flows the Don" by Sholokhov, each heroine has her own idea of ​​honor. Daria Melekhova lives only with the flesh, the author says little about her soul, and the heroes in the novel do not perceive Daria at all without this base beginning. Her adventures, both during her husband's life and after his death, show that honor does not exist for her at all, she is ready to seduce her own father-in-law, just to satisfy her desire. It is a pity for her, because a person who has lived his life so mediocre and vulgar, who has not left any good memory of himself, is insignificant. Daria remained the embodiment of a base, lustful, dishonorable female gut.

Honor is important to every person in our world. But especially the honor of women, girlish remains a visiting card and always attracts special attention. And let them say that in our time morality is an empty phrase, that “they will marry at random” (according to Gavrilovna), it is important who you are for yourself, and not for those around you. Therefore, the opinions of immature and narrow-minded people are not taken into account. For everyone, honor has been and will be in the first place.

3. Honor and dishonor

Why is honor compared to clothing? “Take care of your dress again,” a Russian proverb demands. And then: "... and honor from a young age." And the ancient Roman writer and poet, philosopher, author of the famous novel "Metamorphoses" (A.S. Pushkin wrote about him in the novel "Eugene Onegin") states: "Shame and honor are like a dress: the more worn, the more careless you are towards them." ... Clothing is external, and honor is a deep, moral, internal concept. What common? They meet according to their clothes ... How often, behind the outer veneer, we see a fiction, and not a person. It turns out that the proverb is true.

In NS Leskov's story "Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District" the main character Katerina Izmailova is a beautiful young merchant's wife. She got married "... not out of love or any attraction, but because Izmailov got hold of her, and she was a poor girl, and she did not have to go through with suitors." Life in marriage was torment for her. She, not being a woman gifted with any talents, even faith in God, spent time empty, wandering around the house and not knowing what to do with her idle existence. Suddenly, suddenly impudent and desperate Seryozha took over her consciousness. Surrendering to his power, she lost all moral guidelines. The murder of the father-in-law, and then the husband, became something commonplace, unpretentious, like a chintz dress, shabby and out of use, suitable only for a floor rag. So it is with feelings. They turned out to be rags. Honor is nothing compared to the passion that possessed her completely. Finally dishonored, abandoned by Sergei, she decides on the most terrible act: suicide, but in such a way as to take away from life the one that the former lover found to replace. And they were both swallowed up by the terrible icy haze of the winter freezing river. Katerina Izmailova remained a symbol of stupid immoral dishonor.

Katerina Kabanova, the main character of the drama "The Thunderstorm" by A.N. Ostrovsky, has a completely different attitude to her honor. Her love is a tragic feeling, not vulgar. She resists her thirst for true love until the last second. Her choice is not much better than Izmailova's choice. Boris is not Sergei. He is too soft, indecisive. He cannot even seduce the young woman he loves. In fact, she did everything herself, because she also very much loved the handsome metropolitan, not dressed in a local way, with a different speaking young man. Barbara pushed her to this act. For Katerina, her step towards love is not dishonorable, no. She makes a choice in favor of love, because she considers this feeling sanctified by God. Having surrendered to Boris, she did not think to return to her husband, because this was dishonor for her. Living with an unloved person would be dishonorable to her. Having lost everything: love, protection, support - Katerina decides to take the last step. She chooses death as deliverance from a sinful living next to the vulgar, sanctimonious bourgeoisie of the city of Kalinov, whose morals and foundations never became her own.

Honor must be protected. Honor is your name, and the name is your status in society. There is a status - a worthy person - happiness smiles at you every morning. And there is no honor - life is dark and dirty, like a dark cloudy night. Take care of honor from a young age ... Take care!

1. Victory and defeat

Probably, there are no people in the world who would not dream of victory. Every day we gain small victories or failures. Striving to achieve success over yourself and your weaknesses, getting up thirty minutes earlier in the morning, doing the sports section, preparing lessons that are poorly given. Sometimes such victories become a step towards success, towards self-affirmation. But this is not always the case. An apparent victory turns into a defeat, and a defeat, in essence, is a victory.

In Woe From Wit, the main character, AA Chatsky, after a three-year absence, returns to the society in which he grew up. He is familiar with everything, he has a categorical opinion about every representative of the secular society. “The houses are new, but the prejudices are old,” a young, ardent man concludes about a renewed Moscow. Famus society adheres to the strict rules of the times of Catherine: "honor for father and son", "be bad, but if there are two thousand souls of kin, he and the groom", "the door is open for invited and uninvited, especially from foreign", "not that, to introduce novelties - never "," judge everything, everywhere, there are no judges above them. "

And only servility, honor, hypocrisy rule over the minds and hearts of the "chosen" representatives of the upper class of the noble class. Chatsky with his views turns out to be out of the way. In his opinion, “ranks are given by people, but people can be deceived”, it is low to seek protection from those in power, one must achieve success with intelligence, not servility. Famusov, barely hearing his reasoning, plugs his ears, shouts: "... on trial!" He considers the young Chatsky to be a revolutionary, "Carbonari", a dangerous person; when Skalozub appears, he asks not to express his thoughts out loud. And when a young man nevertheless begins to express his views, he quickly leaves, not wanting to be held responsible for his judgments. However, the colonel turns out to be a narrow-minded person and only catches reasoning about uniforms. In general, very few people understand Chatsky at Famusov's ball: the owner himself, Sophia and Molchalin. But each of them makes their own verdict. Famusov would forbid such people to drive up to the capital for a shot, Sophia says that he is "not a man - a snake," and Molchalin decides that Chatsky is simply a loser. The final verdict of the Moscow world is madness! At the climax, when the hero makes his keynote speech, no one in the audience listens to him. We can say that Chatsky is defeated, but this is not so! IA Goncharov believes that the hero of the comedy is the winner, and one cannot but agree with him. The appearance of this man shook up the stagnant Famus society, destroyed Sophia's illusions, shook the position of Molchalin.

In the novel by IS Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" two opponents face in a heated dispute: a representative of the younger generation - the nihilist Bazarov and the nobleman P.P. Kirsanov. One lived an idle life, spent the lion's share of the allotted time on love for a famous beauty, a socialite - Princess R. But, despite this way of life, he gained experience, experienced, probably, the most important feeling that overtook him, washed away everything superficial, arrogance and self-confidence knocked down. This feeling is love. Bazarov boldly judges everything, considering himself "self-styled", a man who made his name only by his own labor, mind. In a dispute with Kirsanov, he is categorical, harsh, but observes external decency, but Pavel Petrovich breaks down and breaks down, indirectly calling Bazarov a "blockhead": "... before they were just idiots, but now they suddenly became nihilists."

Outward victory of Bazarov in this dispute, then in a duel turns out to be a defeat in the main confrontation. Having met his first and only love, a young man is not able to survive defeat, does not want to admit failure, but he cannot do anything. Without love, without lovely eyes, such desired hands and lips, life is not needed. He becomes distracted, cannot concentrate, and no amount of denial helps him in this confrontation. Yes, it seems, Bazarov won, because he is stoically going to death, silently fighting his illness, but in fact he lost, because he lost everything that was worth living and creating.

Courage and determination in any struggle are essential. But sometimes you have to reject self-confidence, look around, re-read the classics, so as not to be mistaken in the right choice. After all, this is your life. And when defeating someone, think about whether this is a victory!

2. Victory and defeat

Victory is always desired. We are waiting for victory from early childhood, playing catch-up or board games. We need to win by all means. And the one who wins feels like the king of the situation. And someone is a loser, because he doesn't run so fast, or the chips just fell out the wrong ones. Is victory really necessary? Who is the winner? Is victory always an indication of true superiority?

In Anton Pavlovich Chekhov's comedy "The Cherry Orchard", the conflict is centered on the confrontation between the old and the new. The noble society, brought up on the ideals of the past, stopped in its development, accustomed to receive everything without much difficulty, by birthright, Ranevskaya and Gaev are helpless before the need for action. They are paralyzed, unable to make decisions, to budge. Their world is crumbling, flying to hell, and they are building rainbow projectors, starting a holiday that no one needs in the house on the day of the estate's auction at the auction. And then Lopakhin appears - a former serf, and now - the owner of the cherry orchard. Victory intoxicated him. At first he tries to hide his joy, but soon triumph overwhelms him and, no longer hesitating, he laughs and literally shouts: “My God, Lord, my cherry orchard! Tell me that I am drunk, out of my mind, that all this seems to me ... "

Of course, the slavery of his grandfather and father may justify his behavior, but in the face, according to him, of his beloved Ranevskaya, it looks at least tactless. And here it is already difficult to stop him, as the real master of life, the winner demands: “Hey, musicians, play, I wish to listen to you! Come all to see how Yermolai Lopakhin has enough ax in the cherry orchard, how the trees will fall to the ground! "

Perhaps, from the point of view of progress, Lopakhin's victory is a step forward, but it becomes somehow sad after such victories. The garden is cut down, without waiting for the departure of the former owners, Firs is forgotten in the boarded-up house ... Does such a play have a morning?

In the story of Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet", the focus is on the fate of a young man who dared to fall in love with a woman not of his circle. G.S.Zh. has long and devotedly loves Princess Vera. His gift - a pomegranate bracelet - immediately attracted the woman's attention, because the stones suddenly lit up like “lovely deep red living lights. "Precisely blood!" - thought Vera with unexpected anxiety. Unequal relationships are always fraught with serious consequences. The anxious forebodings did not deceive the princess. The need to put in the place of a presumptuous villain at all costs arises not so much from the husband as from the brother of Vera. Appearing in front of Zheltkov, representatives of the high society a priori behave like winners. Zheltkov's behavior strengthens them in their confidence: "his trembling hands ran, fiddling with buttons, pinching his light reddish mustache, touching his face unnecessarily." The poor telegraph operator is crushed, confused, and feels guilty. But only Nikolai Nikolayevich recalls the authorities, to whom the defenders of the honor of his wife and sister wanted to turn, how Zheltkov suddenly changes. Over him, over his feelings, no one has power, except for the object of adoration. No authorities can forbid loving a woman. And to suffer for the sake of love, to give his life for it - this is the true victory of the great feeling that G.S.Zh. was fortunate enough to experience. He leaves silently and confidently. His letter to Vera is a hymn to a great feeling, a triumphant song of Love! His death is his victory over the insignificant prejudices of the miserable nobles who feel they are the masters of life.

Victory, as it turns out, is more dangerous and disgusting than defeat if it tramples on eternal values, distorts the moral foundations of life.

3. Victory and defeat

Publius Cyrus - a Roman poet, a contemporary of Caesar believed that the most glorious victory is a victory over oneself. It seems to me that every thinking person who has reached the age of majority should gain at least one victory over himself, over his shortcomings. Perhaps it is laziness, fear, or envy. But what is victory over oneself in peacetime? So petty struggle with personal flaws. But the victory in the war! When it comes to life and death, when everything around you becomes an enemy, ready to end your existence at any moment?

Aleksey Meresiev, the hero of Boris Polevoy's "The Tale of a Real Man", withstood such a struggle. The pilot was shot down on his plane by a Nazi fighter. The desperately courageous act of Alexei, who entered into an unequal struggle with a whole link, ended in defeat. The downed plane crashed into the trees, which softened the blow. The pilot who fell on the snow received serious injuries to his feet. But, despite the unbearable pain, he, overcoming his suffering, decided to move towards his own, taking several thousand steps a day. Each step becomes a torment for Alexei: he “felt that he was weakening from tension and pain. Biting his lip, he continued walking. " After a few days, the blood poisoning began to spread throughout the body, and the pain became more and more unbearable. Unable to get to his feet, he decided to crawl. Losing consciousness, he moved forward. On the eighteenth day, he reached the people. But the main test was ahead. Alexey had both feet amputated. He lost heart. However, there was a man who was able to restore his faith in himself. Alexey realized that he could fly if he learned to walk on prostheses. And again torment, suffering, the need to endure pain, overcoming our weakness. The episode of the return of the pilot to the ranks is shocking, when the hero tells the instructor, who made a comment about the shoes, that his feet will not freeze, since they are not there. The instructor's surprise was indescribable. Such a victory over oneself is a real feat. It becomes clear what the words mean, that the strength of the spirit ensures victory.

In the story of M. Gorky "Chelkash" in the center of attention are two people, completely opposite in their mentality, goals in life. Chelkash is a tramp, a thief, a criminal. He is desperately brave, impudent, his element is the sea, true freedom. Money is rubbish for him, he never seeks to save it. If they are (and he gets them, constantly risking freedom and life), he spends them. If not, he is not sad. Gavrila is another matter. He is a peasant, he came to the city to work in order to build his house, to get married, to start a farm. In this he sees his happiness. Having agreed to a scam with Chelkash, he did not expect that it would be so scary. It is clear from his behavior how cowardly he is. However, seeing a wad of money in Chelkash's hands, he loses his mind. The money intoxicated him. He is ready to kill a hated criminal, just to get the amount necessary to build a house. Chelkash suddenly regrets the unfortunate, hapless failed killer and gives him almost all the money. So, in my opinion, the Gorky tramp overcomes the hatred for Gavrila, which arose at the first meeting, and takes a position of mercy. It seems that there is nothing special here, but I believe that conquering hatred in oneself means defeating not only oneself, but also the whole world.

So, victories begin with small forgiveness, honest deeds, with the ability to enter the position of another. This is the beginning of a great victory, the name of which is life.

1. Friendship and enmity

How difficult it is to define such a simple concept as friendship. Even in early childhood, we make friends, they somehow spontaneously appear at school. But sometimes the opposite is true: former friends suddenly become enemies, and the whole world exudes hostility. In the dictionary, friendship is a personal unselfish relationship between people based on love, trust, sincerity, mutual sympathy, common interests and hobbies. And enmity, according to linguists, is relations and actions imbued with hostility and hatred. How does the complex process of transition from love and sincerity to dislike, hatred and enmity take place? And to whom is there love in friendship? To friend? Or to yourself?

In the novel by Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time" Pechorin, reflecting on friendship, claims that one person is always the slave of another, although no one admits this to himself. The hero of the novel believes that he is not capable of friendship. But Werner shows the most sincere feelings towards Pechorin. And Pechorin gives Werner the most positive assessment. Seems what else is needed for friendship? They understand each other so well. Starting an intrigue with Grushnitsky and Mary, Pechorin gets the most reliable ally in the person of Dr. Werner. But at the most crucial moment, Werner refuses to understand Pechorin. It seems natural to him to prevent the tragedy (on the eve he predicted that Grushnitsky would become Pechorin's new victim), but he does not stop the duel and allows the death of one of the duelists. Indeed, he obeys Pechorin, falling under the influence of his strong nature. But then he writes a note: "There is no evidence against you, and you can sleep well ... if you can ... Goodbye."

In this "if you can" one hears a refusal of responsibility, he considers himself entitled to reproach his "friend" for such a misconduct. But she no longer wants to know him: "Goodbye" - sounds irrevocably. Yes, a real friend would have acted differently, he would have shared responsibility and would not allow tragedy not only in thoughts, but in deeds. So friendship (although Pechorin does not think so) turns into dislike.

Arkady Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov come to the Kirsanovs' family estate to rest. This is how the story of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" begins. What made them buddies? Common interests? Common cause? Mutual love and respect? But both of them are nihilists and do not take feelings for truth. Maybe Bazarov goes to Kirsanov only because on the way home it is convenient for him to travel half the way at the expense of a friend? .. In his relationship with Bazarov, Arkady every day discovers some new character traits in his friend. His ignorance of poetry, misunderstanding of music, self-confidence, boundless pride, especially when he claims that "no gods burn pots", referring to Kukshina and Sitnikov. Then love for Anna Sergeevna, with which his "friend-god" does not want to be reconciled in any way. Self-esteem does not allow Bazarov to admit his feelings. He would rather give up friends, love, than admit himself defeated. Saying goodbye to Arkady, he says: “You are a nice fellow; but still a little liberal barich ... ”And although there is no hatred in these words, the dislike is felt.

Friendship, true, real, a rare phenomenon. The desire to be friends, mutual sympathy, common interests are only prerequisites for friendship. And whether it will develop to become time-tested depends only on patience and the ability to abandon oneself, on self-love, in the first place. Loving a friend means thinking about his interests, and not about how you will look in the eyes of others, whether it will offend your self-esteem. And the ability to get out of the conflict is worthy, respecting the opinion of a friend, but not sacrificing one's own principles, so that friendship does not grow into hostility.

2. Friendship and enmity

Among the eternal values, friendship has always occupied one of the very first places. But everyone understands friendship in their own way. Someone is looking for benefits in friends, some additional privileges in obtaining material benefits. But such friends before the first problem, before the trouble. It is no coincidence that the proverb says: "friends are known in trouble." But the French philosopher M. Montaigne argued: "In friendship there are no other calculations and considerations, except for itself." And only such friendship is real.

In FM Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment", an example of such friendship can be considered the relationship between Raskolnikov and Razumikhin. Both law students, both living in poverty, both seeking additional earnings. But at one fine moment, infected with the idea of ​​a superman, Raskolnikov drops everything and prepares for "business." Six months of constant self-examination, searching for ways to cheat fate knock Raskolnikov out of the usual rhythm of life. He does not take translations, does not give lessons, does not go to classes, in general, does nothing. And yet, in difficult times, his heart leads him to a friend. Razumikhin is the complete opposite of Raskolnikov. He works, spins all the time, earning a penny, but these cents are enough for him to live and even have fun. Raskolnikov seemed to be looking for an opportunity to leave the "path" on which he had embarked, because "Razumikhin was still remarkable because no setbacks ever embarrassed him and no bad circumstances, it seemed, could crush him." And Raskolnikov is crushed, driven to an extreme degree of despair. And Razumikhin, realizing that a friend (although Dostoevsky insistently writes "friend") in trouble no longer leaves him until the very trial. And at the trial he acts as a defender of Rodion and cites evidence of his spiritual generosity, nobility, testifying that "when he was at the university, from his last means he helped one of his poor and consumptive university friend and almost supported him for six months." The term for double murder was cut by almost half. Thus, Dostoevsky proves to us the idea of ​​God's providence, that people are saved by people. And let someone say that Razumikhin was not a loser, having got a beautiful wife, a friend's sister, but did he think about his own benefit? No, he was completely absorbed in caring for a person.

In IA Goncharov's novel Oblomov, Andrei Shtolts is no less generous and caring, who has been trying all his life to pull his friend Oblomov out of the swamp of his existence. He alone is able to lift Ilya Ilyich from the sofa, to give movement to his monotonous philistine life. Even when Oblomov finally settles with Pshchenitsyna, Andrei makes several more attempts to lift him off the couch. Having learned that Tarantiev and the manager of Oblomovka actually robbed a friend, he takes matters into his own hands and puts things in order. Although this does not save Oblomov. But Schtolz honestly fulfilled his duty to a friend, and after the death of an unlucky childhood comrade, he takes his son for upbringing, not wanting to leave the child in an environment that is literally dragged into the mud of idleness, philistinism.

M. Montaigne argued: "In friendship there are no other calculations and considerations, except for itself."

Only this kind of friendship is real. If a person who calls himself a friend suddenly starts asking for help, currying favor, or for the service rendered, he starts to settle scores, they say, I helped you, but what did I do for me, give up such a friend! You will not lose anything except an envious look, an unfriendly word.

3. Friendship and enmity

Where do enemies come from? It was always incomprehensible to me: when, why, why do people have enemies? How does enmity, hatred arise, what is in the human body guiding this process? And now you already have an enemy, what to do with him? How to relate to his personality, actions? To follow the path of retaliatory measures, on the principle of an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth? But what will this enmity lead to. To the destruction of personality, to the destruction of good on a global scale. Suddenly all over the world? Probably, everyone in one way or another met with the problem of confrontation with enemies. How to defeat hatred of such people?

V. Zheleznyakov's story "Scarecrow" shows a terrible story of a girl's collision with a class that boycotted a man, on false suspicion, not understanding the justice of his own sentence. Lenka Bessoltseva is a compassionate, open-minded girl - once in a new class, she found herself alone. Nobody wanted to be friends with her. And only the noble Dimka Somov stood up for her, extended a helping hand. It became especially scary when the same reliable friend betrayed Lena. Knowing that the girl was not to blame, he did not tell the truth to his rabid, embittered classmates. I was afraid. And he allowed her to be poisoned for several days. When the truth was revealed, when everyone found out who was to blame for the unfair punishment of the whole class (the cancellation of the long-awaited trip to Moscow), the anger of the schoolchildren now fell on Dimka. Thirsty for revenge, classmates demanded that everyone vote against Dimka. One Lenka refused to declare a boycott, because she herself went through the horror of the persecution: “I was at the stake ... And they drove me down the street. And I will never persecute anyone ... And I will never persecute anyone. At least kill! " With her desperately courageous and selfless act, Lena Bessoltseva teaches the whole class nobility, mercy and forgiveness. She rises above her own resentment and treats her tormentors and her traitorous friend equally in the same way.

The small tragedy of A.S. Pushkin "Mozart and Salieri" shows the complex work of consciousness of the recognized greatest composer of the eighteenth century - Salieri. The friendship of Antonio Salieri and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was based on the envy of a successful, hardworking, but not so talented composer recognized by the whole society, rich and successful towards a younger, but such a sparkling, bright, extremely talented, but poor and not recognized person during his lifetime. Of course, the version of the poisoning of a friend has long been debunked, and even a two-hundred-year veto on the performance of Salieri's works has been lifted. But the story thanks to which Salieri remained in our memory (largely because of Pushkin's play) teaches us not to always trust our friends, they can pour poison into your glass, only out of good intentions: to save justice for the sake of your noble name.

A friend is a traitor, a friend is an enemy ... where is the border of these states. How often is a person able to go to the camp of your enemies, change their attitude towards you? Happy is he who has never lost friends. Therefore, I think that Menander was still right, and friends and enemies should be judged by an equal measure, so as not to sin against honor and dignity, against conscience. However, one should never forget about mercy. It is above all the laws of justice.

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Final essay. Thematic direction Experience and mistakes. Prepared by: A.P. Shevchuk, teacher of Russian language and literature, MBOU "Secondary School No. 1", Bratsk

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Recommended reading: Jack London "Martin Eden", A.P. Chekhov "Ionych", M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don", Henry Marsh "Do No Harm" M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time" "A Word about Igor's Regiment." A. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"; "Eugene Onegin". M. Lermontov "Masquerade"; "A Hero of Our Time" I. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"; "Spring Waters"; "Noble Nest". F. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"; Anna Karenina; "Resurrection". A. Chekhov "Gooseberry"; "About love". I. Bunin "The gentleman from San Francisco"; "Dark alleys". A. Kupin "Olesya"; "Garnet bracelet". M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog"; "Fatal eggs". O. Wilde "Portrait of Dorian Gray". D. Keys "Flowers for Algernon". V.Kaverin "Two Captains"; "Painting"; "I'm going to the city." A. Aleksin "Mad Evdokia". B. Ekimov “Speak, Mom, Speak”. L. Ulitskaya "Kukotsky's Case"; "Sincerely yours Shurik."

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Official comment: Within the framework of the direction, it is possible to reason about the value of the spiritual and practical experience of an individual, people, humanity as a whole, about the cost of mistakes on the way of knowing the world, gaining life experience. Literature often makes one think about the relationship between experience and mistakes: about experience that prevents mistakes, about mistakes without which it is impossible to move along the path of life, and about irreparable, tragic mistakes.

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Methodological recommendations: “Experience and mistakes” is a direction in which, to a lesser extent, a clear opposition of two polar concepts is implied, because there is no and cannot be experience without mistakes. A literary hero, making mistakes, analyzing them and thereby gaining experience, changes, improves, takes the path of spiritual and moral development. By assessing the actions of the characters, the reader acquires his invaluable life experience, and literature becomes a real textbook of life, helping not to make his own mistakes, the cost of which can be very high. Speaking about the mistakes made by the heroes, it should be noted that a wrong decision, an ambiguous act can affect not only the life of an individual, but also have a most fatal effect on the fate of others. In literature, we also encounter such tragic mistakes that affect the fate of entire nations. It is in these aspects that one can approach the analysis of this thematic area.

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Aphorisms and statements of famous people:  You should not be shy for fear of making mistakes, the biggest mistake is to deprive yourself of experience. Luc de Clapier Vauvenargue  You can make mistakes in different ways, you can act right in only one way, that's why the first is easy, and the second is difficult; easy to miss, difficult to hit. Aristotle  In all matters we can only learn by trial and error, by falling into error and correcting ourselves. Karl Raimund Popper  He is deeply mistaken who thinks that he will not be mistaken if others think for him. Aurelius Markov  We easily forget our mistakes when they are known only to us. François de La Rochefoucauld  Benefit from every mistake. Ludwig Wittgenstein  Shyness can be appropriate everywhere, just not in admitting one's mistakes. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing  It is easier to find error than truth. Johann Wolfgang Goethe

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As a support in your reasoning, you can turn to the following works. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Raskolnikov, killing Alena Ivanovna and confessing what he had done, does not fully realize the entire tragedy of the crime he committed, does not recognize the fallacy of his theory, he is only sorry that he could not transgress, that he cannot now classify himself as one of the elect. And only in hard labor, the soul-worn out hero not only repents (he repented, confessing to the murder), but takes the difficult path of repentance. The writer emphasizes that a person who admits his mistakes is able to change, he is worthy of forgiveness and needs help and compassion. (In the novel, next to the hero is Sonya Marmeladova, who is an example of a compassionate person).

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M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man", K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram". The heroes of such different works make a similar fatal mistake, which I will regret all my life, but, unfortunately, they will not be able to fix anything. Andrei Sokolov, leaving for the front, pushes his wife hugging him away, the hero is annoyed by her tears, he is angry, believing that she is "burying him alive", but it turns out the other way around: he returns, and the family dies. This loss for him is a terrible grief, and now he blames himself for every little thing and with inexpressible pain says: "Until my death, until my last hour, I will die, and I will not forgive myself that I pushed her away!"

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The story of K.G. Paustovsky is a story about a lonely old age. The grandmother Katerina, abandoned by her own daughter, writes: “My beloved, I will not survive this winter. Come just for a day. Let me look at you, hold your hands. " But Nastya reassures herself with the words: "Since the mother writes, it means she is alive." Thinking about strangers, organizing an exhibition of a young sculptor, the daughter forgets about her only loved one. And only after hearing warm words of gratitude “for taking care of the person,” the heroine remembers that she has a telegram in her purse: “Katya is dying. Tikhon ". Repentance comes too late: “Mom! How could this have happened? After all, I have no one in my life. No and will not be dearer. If only to be in time, if only she saw me, if only she would forgive ”. The daughter arrives, but there is no one to ask for forgiveness. The bitter experience of the protagonists teaches the reader to be attentive to those close to him "before it's too late."

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M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time". The hero of the novel, M.Yu. Lermontov. Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin belongs to the young people of his era who were disillusioned with life. Pechorin himself says about himself: "Two people live in me: one lives in the full sense of the word, the other thinks and judges him." Lermontov's character is an energetic, intelligent person, but he cannot find application for his mind, his knowledge. Pechorin is a cruel and indifferent egoist, because he causes misfortune to everyone with whom he communicates, and he does not care about the state of other people. V.G. Belinsky called him "a suffering egoist" because Grigory Aleksandrovich blames himself for his actions, he is aware of his actions, worries and does not bring him any satisfaction.

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Grigory Alexandrovich is a very smart and reasonable person, he knows how to admit his mistakes, but at the same time he wants to teach others to confess to their own, as, for example, he kept trying to push Grushnitsky to admit his guilt and wanted to resolve their dispute peacefully. But the other side of Pechorin immediately manifests itself: after some attempts to defuse the situation in a duel and call Grushnitsky to conscience, he himself proposes to shoot at a dangerous place so that one of them perishes. At the same time, the hero tries to turn everything into a joke, despite the fact that there is a threat to both the life of the young Grushnitsky and his own life.

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After the murder of Grushnitsky, we see how Pechorin's mood has changed: if on the way to the duel he notices how beautiful the day is, then after the tragic event he sees the day in black colors, in his soul there is a stone. The story of the disenchanted and dying Pechorin soul is set forth in the hero's diary entries with all the mercilessness of introspection; being both the author and the hero of the "magazine", Pechorin fearlessly speaks about his ideal impulses, and about the dark sides of his soul, and about the contradictions of consciousness. The hero realizes his mistakes, but does nothing to correct them, his own experience does not teach him anything. Despite the fact that Pechorin has an absolute understanding that he destroys human lives (“destroys the life of peaceful smugglers,” Bela dies through his fault, etc.), the hero continues to “play” with the fate of others, thereby making himself unhappy ...

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L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". If the hero of Lermontov, realizing his mistakes, could not take the path of spiritual and moral improvement, then the experience gained helps Tolstoy's beloved heroes to become better. When considering the topic in this aspect, one can turn to the analysis of the images of A. Bolkonsky and P. Bezukhov. Prince Andrei Bolkonsky stands out sharply from the high society for his education, breadth of interests, dreams of accomplishing a feat, wishes great personal glory. His idol is Napoleon. To achieve his goal, Bolkonsky appears in the most dangerous places of the battle. The harsh military events contributed to the fact that the prince was disappointed in his dreams, realizing how bitterly he was wrong. Seriously wounded, remaining on the battlefield, Bolkonsky is experiencing a mental breakdown. In these minutes, a new world opens up in front of him, where there are no selfish thoughts, lies, but only the purest, highest, just.

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The prince realized that there is something more significant in life than war and glory. Now the former idol seems to him petty and insignificant. Having survived further events - the appearance of a child and the death of his wife - Bolkonsky comes to the conclusion that it remains for him to live for himself and his loved ones. This is only the first stage in the evolution of a hero who not only admits his mistakes, but also strives to become better. Pierre also makes a number of mistakes. He leads a riotous life in the company of Dolokhov and Kuragin, but he understands that such a life is not for him, He cannot immediately assess people correctly and therefore often makes mistakes in them. He is sincere, trusting, weak-willed.

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These character traits are clearly manifested in the relationship with the depraved Helen Kuragina - Pierre makes another mistake. Soon after the marriage, the hero realizes that he was deceived, and "recycles his own grief alone." After breaking up with his wife, being in a state of deep crisis, he joined the Masonic lodge. Pierre believes that it is here that he "will find a rebirth for a new life," and again realizes that he is again mistaken in something important. The experience gained and the "thunderstorm of 1812" lead the hero to drastic changes in his outlook. He understands that one must live for the sake of people, one must strive to benefit the Motherland.

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M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don". Speaking about how the experience of military battles changes people, makes them assess their mistakes in life, one can turn to the image of Grigory Melekhov. Fighting on the side of the whites, then on the side of the reds, he realizes what a terrible injustice around him, and he himself makes mistakes, gains military experience and draws the most important conclusions in his life: "... my hands need to be plowed." Home, family - that's the value. And any ideology that pushes people to kill is a mistake. A person who is already wise by life experience understands that the main thing in life is not war, but the son who meets at the door of the house. It is worth noting that the hero admits that he was wrong. This is what caused his repeated throwing from white to red.

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M.A. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog". If we talk about experience as “a procedure for reproducing some phenomenon experimentally, creating something new under certain conditions for the purpose of research”, then the practical experience of Professor Preobrazhensky for “clarifying the question of the survival rate of the pituitary gland, and later on its effect on rejuvenation organism in people "can hardly be called successful in full. Scientifically, he is quite successful. Professor Preobrazhensky is performing a unique operation. The scientific result turned out to be unexpected and impressive, but in everyday life, it led to the most disastrous consequences.

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The type who appeared in the professor's house as a result of the operation, "small in stature and unsympathetic appearance", behaves defiantly, arrogantly and arrogantly. However, it should be noted that the emerging humanoid creature easily finds itself in a changed world, but does not differ in human qualities and soon becomes a thunderstorm not only for the inhabitants of the apartment, but also for the residents of the whole house. After analyzing his mistake, the professor understands that the dog was much more "human" than P.P. Sharikov.

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Thus, we are convinced that the humanoid hybrid of Balls is more a failure than a victory for Professor Preobrazhensky. He himself understands this: "An old donkey ... Here, doctor, what happens when a researcher, instead of walking in parallel and groping with nature, forces the question and lifts the veil: here, get Sharikov and eat him with porridge." Philip Philipovich comes to the conclusion that violent interference in the nature of man and society leads to disastrous results. In the story "Heart of a Dog" the professor corrects his mistake - Sharikov again turns into a dog. He is content with his fate and with himself. But in life, such experiments have a tragic effect on the fate of people, Bulgakov warns. Actions should be deliberate and not destructive. The main idea of ​​the writer is that naked progress, devoid of morality, brings death to people and such a mistake will be irreversible.

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V.G. Rasputin "Farewell to Matera". Arguing about the mistakes that are irreparable and bring suffering not only to each individual person, but also to the people as a whole, one can turn to this story of the writer of the twentieth century. This is not just a work about the loss of a home, but also about how erroneous decisions entail disasters that will surely affect the life of society as a whole. The plot of the story is based on a real story. During the construction of the hydroelectric power station on the Angara, the surrounding villages were flooded. Resettlement has become a painful phenomenon for the inhabitants of the flooded areas. After all, hydroelectric power plants are being built for a large number of people.

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This is an important economic project, for the sake of which it is necessary to rebuild, not to hold on to the old. But can this decision be called unambiguously correct? Inhabitants of the flooded Matera move to a settlement that was not built in a human way. The mismanagement with which huge money is spent hurts the soul of the writer. Fertile lands will be flooded, and in the village, built on the northern slope of the hill, nothing will grow on stones and clay. Rough interference with nature will certainly entail environmental problems. But for the writer, they are not so much important as the spiritual life of people. For Rasputin it is absolutely clear that the collapse, the disintegration of a nation, people, country begins with the disintegration of the family.

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And this is due to the tragic mistake that progress is much more important than the souls of old people who say goodbye to their home. And there is no remorse in the hearts of youth. The older generation, sophisticated by life experience, does not want to leave their native island, not because they cannot appreciate all the benefits of civilization, but primarily because for these conveniences they are required to give to Matera, that is, to betray their past. And the suffering of the elderly is an experience that each of us must learn. A person cannot, should not abandon his roots. In discussions on this topic, one can turn to history and those catastrophes that were entailed by the "economic" human activity. Rasputin's story is not just a story about great construction projects, it is a tragic experience of previous generations for the edification of us, people of the XXI century.

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Writing. “Experience is the teacher of everything” (Guy Julius Caesar) As he grows up, a person learns, drawing knowledge from books, in school studies, in conversations and relationships with other people. In addition, the environment, the traditions of the family and the people as a whole have an important influence. While studying, the child receives a lot of theoretical knowledge, but the ability to apply it in practice is necessary in order to acquire a skill, gain personal experience. In other words, you can read the encyclopedia of life and know the answer to any question, but in reality, only personal experience, that is, practice, will help to learn how to live, and without this unique experience a person cannot live a bright, full-fledged, rich life. The authors of many works of fiction depict heroes in dynamics to show how each person develops a personality and traverses his own path.

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Let us turn to the novels by Anatoly Rybakov "Children of the Arbat", "Fear", "Thirty-fifth and other years", "Ashes and Ashes". The difficult fate of the main character Sasha Pankratov passes before the reader's eyes. At the beginning of the story, this is a sympathetic guy, an excellent student, a high school graduate and a freshman student. He is confident in his righteousness, in his tomorrow, in the party, his friends, he is an open person, ready to come to the aid of those in need. It is because of his sense of justice that he suffers. Sasha is sent into exile, and suddenly he turns out to be an enemy of the people, completely alone, far from home, convicted of a political article. Throughout the trilogy, the reader observes the formation of Sasha's personality. All his friends turn away from him, except for the girl Varya, who selflessly awaits him, helping his mother overcome the tragedy.

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In Victor Hugo's novel Les Miserables, the story of the girl Cosette is shown. Her mother was forced to give her baby to the family of the thenardier innkeeper. They treated someone else's child very badly. Cosette saw how the owners pampered and loved their own daughters, who were smartly dressed, played and played naughty all day. Like any child, Cosette also wanted to play, but she was forced to clean the tavern, go to the spring for water in the forest, and sweep the street. She was dressed in miserable rags and slept in a closet under the stairs. Bitter experience taught her not to cry, not to complain, but to silently follow the orders of Aunt Thenardier. By the will of fate, Jean Valjean snatched the girl from the Thenardier's clutches, she did not know how to play, did not know what to do with herself. The poor child was learning to laugh again, to play with dolls again, passing his days carefree. However, in the future, it was this bitter experience that helped Cosette become humble, with a pure heart and an open soul.

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Thus, our reasoning allows us to formulate the following conclusion. It is personal experience that teaches a person about life. Whatever this experience, bitter or blissful, it is our own, experienced, and the lessons of life teach us, forming a character and educating a personality.

1. Composition "Experience and mistakes".
   As the ancient Roman philosopher Cicero said: "It is human nature to make mistakes." Indeed, it is impossible to live life without making a single mistake. Mistakes can ruin a person's life, even break his soul, but they can also give a rich life experience. And let us make mistakes, because everyone learns from their mistakes and sometimes even the mistakes of other people.

   Many literary characters make mistakes, but not all try to correct them. In the play by A.P. Chekhov's "The Cherry Orchard" Ranevskaya makes a mistake, since she refused the offers to save the estate, which Lopakhin offered her. But you can still understand Ranevskaya, because by agreeing, she could lose the legacy of the family. I believe that the main mistake in this work is the destruction of the Cherry Orchard, which is a memory of the life of the past generation and the consequence of this is a break in relations. After reading this play, I began to understand that it is necessary to preserve the memory of the past, but this is just my opinion, everyone thinks differently, but I hope that many will agree that we must protect everything that our ancestors left us.
   I believe that everyone should pay for their mistakes and try to correct them at any cost. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "crime and punishment" character mistakes cost two innocent lives. Raskolnikov's erroneous plan took the life of Lisa and the unborn child, but this act radically influenced the life of the protagonist. Sometimes someone can say that he is a murderer and should not be forgiven, but after reading about his condition after the murder, I began to look at him with a different look. But he paid for his mistakes with himself and only thanks to Sonya he was able to cope with his mental anguish.
   Speaking about experience and mistakes, I come across the words of the Soviet philologist D.S. Likhachev, who said: “I admire the skaters' ability to correct mistakes during the dance. This is an art, a great art ”, but in life there are many more mistakes and everyone needs to be able to correct them, immediately and beautifully, because nothing teaches like the realization of their mistakes.

   Reflecting on the destinies of different heroes, we understand that it is the perfect mistakes and their corrections, the eternal work on ourselves. This search for truth and the pursuit of spiritual harmony leads us to gain real experience and to find happiness. Folk wisdom says: "Only the one who does nothing is not mistaken."
   Tukan Kostya 11 B
   

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2. Why is it necessary to analyze the mistakes of the past?
   Let the introduction to my thinking be the words of Haruki Murakami that "mistakes are like punctuation marks, without which there will be no meaning in life, as well as in the text." I saw this statement a long time ago. I reread it many times. And only now I started thinking. About what? About my attitude to the mistakes I made. Before, I strove to never be wrong, and I was very ashamed at times when I still stumbled. And now, through the prism of time, I fell in love with every opportunity to make a mistake, because then I can correct myself, which means I will get an invaluable experience that will help me in the future.
   Experience is the best teacher! "It takes, however, expensive, but explains clearly." It's funny to remember how a year ago I was - as a child! - just prayed to heaven that everything would be fine with me: less suffering, less mistakes. Now I (although I have remained a child), I do not understand: who and why did I ask? And the worst thing is that my requests have come true! And here is the first answer, why you need to analyze the mistakes of the past and THINK: everything will backfire.
   

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3. Let's turn to the literature. As you know, in the works of the classics, answers are given to questions that excite a person at all times: what is true love, friendship, compassion ... But the classics are also visionaries. We were once told in literature that the text is just the "tip of the iceberg". And these words somehow strangely echoed in my soul after a while. I re-read many works - from a different angle! - and instead of the previous veil of misunderstanding, new pictures opened up in front of me: there was philosophy, and irony, and answers to questions, and reasoning about people, and warnings ...
   One of my favorite writers is Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. For that I love him, that the works are tiny in volume, but capacious in content, moreover, for any occasion. I like the fact that the teacher in literature lessons fosters in us, students, the ability to read "between the lines." And Chekhov, without this skill, well, you can’t read! For example, the play "The Seagull", my favorite play by Chekhov. I read and reread avidly, and every time new insights came and come to me. The play "The Seagull" is very sad. There is no habitual happy ending. And suddenly - a comedy. It is still a mystery to me why the author defined the genre of the play in this way. Some strange bitter aftertaste left in me the reading of "The Seagull". Many heroes are sorry. When I was reading, I just wanted to shout to some of them: "Come to your senses! What are you doing ?!" Or maybe that's why it's a comedy because the mistakes of some characters are too obvious ??? Take Masha. She suffered from unrequited love for Treplev. Well, why should she marry an unloved person and suffer doubly? But now she has to carry this burden for the rest of her life! "Dragging your life along like an endless train." And the question immediately arises "how would I ...?" What would I have done in Masha's place? You can understand it too. She tried to forget her love, tried to go headlong into the household, devote herself to the child ... But running away from the problem does not mean solving it. Non-reciprocal love must be realized, experienced, suffered. And all this is alone with myself ...
   

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4. He who is not mistaken does nothing. "Not to be mistaken ... This is the ideal that I was striving for! Well, I got my" ideal "! And what's next? Death during my lifetime, that's what I got! Greenhouse plant, that's who I almost became! And then I discovered Chekhov's work "A Man in a Case." Belikov, the main character, all the time created a "case" for himself for a comfortable life. If it didn't work out! "- Belikov said. And I wanted to answer him: your life did not work out, that's what!
   Existence is not life. And Belikov left nothing behind him, and no one will remember him in centuries. Are there a lot of such squirrels now? Yes, a dime a dozen!
   The story is both funny and sad at the same time. And very relevant in our XXI century. Hilarious, because Chekhov uses irony when describing Belikov's portrait ("I always wore a hat, sweatshirt, galoshes and dark glasses in any weather ..."), which makes him comical and makes me laugh as a reader. But it becomes sad when I think about my life. What have I done? What did I see? Absolutely nothing! Echoes of the story "The Man in the Case" I find with horror in myself now ... Does it make me think about what I want to leave behind? What is the ultimate goal of my life? What is life anyway? After all, to be dead in life, to become one of those little white, people in a case ... I don't want to!

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5. Along with Chekhov, I fell in love with I.A. Bunin. What I like about him is that in his stories, love has many faces. This love is for sale, and love is a flash, and love is a game, and the author also talks about children growing up without love (the story "Beauty"). The end of Bunin's stories does not look like a hackneyed one "and they lived happily ever after." The author shows different faces of love, building his stories according to the principle of antithesis. Love can burn, hurt, and the scars will ache for a long time ... But at the same time, love inspires, makes you act, morally develop.
   So, Bunin's stories. All different, unlike each other. And the heroes are all different too. Who I especially like from the Bunin heroes is Olya Meshcherskaya from the story "Easy Breathing".
   She really burst into life like a whirlwind, experienced a bouquet of feelings: joy, sadness, oblivion, and grief ... All the brightest beginnings burned in her, and a variety of feelings boiled up in her blood ... And then they burst out ! How much love for the world, how much childish purity and naivety, how much beauty this Olya carried in herself! Bunin opened my eyes. He showed what a girl really should be. There is no theatricality in movements, words ... No mannerisms and cutesyness. Everything is simple, everything is natural. Indeed, light breathing ... Looking at myself, I understand that I often cheat and wear the mask of "ideal myself". But perfect, then, they do not exist! There is beauty in naturalness. And the story "Light Breathing" confirms these words.
   

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6. I could (and I would like to!) Reflect on many more works of Russian and foreign, as well as modern classics ... You can talk about this forever, but ... Opportunities do not allow. I will only say that I am infinitely glad, because the teacher has nurtured in us, students, the ability to selectively approach the choice of literature, be more anxious about the word and love books. And the books contain centuries of experience that will help the young reader grow up as a person with a capital letter, who knows the history of his people, not to become an ignoramus, and most importantly, to be a thoughtful person who knows how to foresee the consequences. After all, "if you made a mistake and did not realize it, then you have made two mistakes." They, of course, are punctuation marks, which you cannot do without, but if there are too many of them, there will be no meaning in life, as in the text!
   

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   What a pity that there is no rating higher than 5 ... I read and think: my work has responded in children ... Many, many children ... You have grown. very. Yesterday I wanted to tell you, addressing by your last name (just by your last name, because you are always nervous, but it makes me so funny! Why? You have a beautiful surname: completely sonorous and vowels, which means euphonious!): "Smolina, you are not only beautiful, you are also smart. Smolina, you are not only smart, you are also beautiful. " In my work, I saw a thinking, thinking deeply!

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Often in his life, a person commits moral mistakes: in the choice

life partner, in choosing a profession, in relations between relatives and friends.

But, having made a mistake, having experienced the bitterness of failure, tries to never do that.

the same as before. However, there are also those who do not admit their mistakes, do not understand them.

immoral nature and repeats the wrong actions over and over again. But

can a person draw conclusions based not on his own experience? I think,

Yes. And the popular wisdom "A man learns from the mistakes of others" says the same thing.

To gain some kind of life experience for yourself and learn from strangers

mistakes, a person must see and understand exactly where the other committed

blunder, chose the wrong one from all possible solutions. You must be able to see why

it all led to the future. Only then can everyone do the right ones.

conclusions for yourself and in a similar, analogous situation to act differently.

For example, in Boris Yekimov's story "The Night of Healing" the boy Grisha

unexpectedly for himself, realizes that his mother is making a mistake, that her way

shout: "Silence!" - does not help grandmother to get rid of old, still military

experiences. Therefore, he decides to try something else - not with a shout, but with an affectionate one,

quietly talk to calm the grandmother, to dispel her old, already sunk into

the time of the tragedy. He does not know if this will help Baba Duna, but his kind

understands in her heart that it is cruel to follow my mother's path. And most importantly, the words

mothers did not heal Baba Dunya, did not alleviate her suffering. So this

wrong way.

The second argument to this thesis, I think, can be approached

the moral result of Astafiev's story "Belogrudka". When the boys

intervened in the life of the marten, taking her cubs and killing them, Belogrudka, as

a loving mother, decided to brutally take revenge on the villagers for her children. She

caused huge damage to the village. Many years have passed since that incident, but the inhabitants

still remember the harsh lesson: do not touch young birds and animals,

you cannot interfere with the life of nature. They realized the mistake they made

their predecessors saw what all this led to and forever remembered that

in no case should you do this.

If in life we ​​learn not only from our own, but also from others' mistakes,

but at the same time live only with your own mind, and not rely on the mind of others, everything in

When we are just starting our life path, we get to know the world from the words of our relatives and friends. It is they who tell us that a neighbor's boy had an accident crossing the road, or that in childhood they tried to put a light bulb in their mouths for an argument and could not pull it back out without assistance, drawing our attention to the serious consequences of these rash actions. We learn from the mistakes of others and no longer repeat them. Any learning is based on this principle: we are told what is already known and verified by hundreds of trials and errors, and we apply ready-made information in practice and do not repeat the path of their creators. Therefore, I believe that a person can and should learn in this way.

Examples confirming this idea can be found in Tolstoy's novel Anna Karenina. Konstantin Levin sees how his brother Nikolai got drunk and degraded. From a kind and decent person, he turned into an insignificant and repulsive drunkard, whose days are numbered. The younger brother turned out to be smarter: he carefully monitored his health, did gymnastics, avoided wine and corrupt women, did the housework away from the vain and vicious city world. To understand that intemperate and irresponsible behavior in combination with alcohol destroys the soul and body of a person, Constantine does not try this himself, he just needs to analyze his brother's mistakes and try not to repeat them, which he did, as we know.

We can find another example in Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. Marmeladov became an alcoholic and let his family go around the world. His own daughter Sonia was forced to sell her body in order to feed the adopted children of her father and his sick wife. Although prostitutes are known as women who are addicted to alcohol and pretty much abuse it, Sonya did not touch him. Such grief, like hers, is often poured over with alcohol in order to forget, but the girl firmly learned that drunkenness is the source of troubles and vices. It was not for nothing that the author said that a dirty occupation did not stain her soul: she did it in order to survive, but from her father's mistakes she learned not to come to terms with vice and not favor him. Therefore, Sonya was able to get out of the pool of poverty, unlike Marmeladov, and live an honest and virtuous life.

Can you learn from other people's mistakes? Of course, yes, even necessary. Without taking into account the experience of previous generations, humanity will not be able to move forward and develop, because it will forever remain on the same rake. Comprehending the world, we should not try on ourselves all the nonsense and absurdities, they have already been done in abundance before us. We must take into account this bitter experience of other people and move on, treading the path of progress for our descendants.