Balance sheet explanatory note: example. Financial statements of the organization. Information accompanying reporting (formerly an explanatory note) with an example of filling

Any enterprise reporting will be clearer for information users if there are explanations. The financial and accounting statements include an explanatory note to the balance sheet and the statement of financial results. Consider a sample of filling out the explanations for the balance sheet.

The explanations drawn up to the financial and accounting statements are designed to:

• to disclose in detail the meaning of the reporting indicators;
• link the content of reports with each other;
• reflect the current accounting policy of the enterprise;
• substantiate the obtained financial result.

This is an important document, based on which you can conduct a deep analysis of the economic activities of the organization.

All organizations that maintain full accounting should draw up an explanatory note. The exception is small businesses that are allowed a simplified accounting procedure and are not subject to statutory audit.

The law does not establish a mandatory form of presentation; it can be drawn up using tables and text. There is only a form recommended by the Ministry of Finance.

Terms and procedure for submission of an explanatory note

The compilation of an explanatory note is carried out at the same time as the accompanying financial statements. The procedure for submission also coincides with the procedure, deadline and addressees for the submission of annual or interim accounting and financial statements.

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Contents of the explanatory note to the balance sheet

In the process of drawing up explanations, it is necessary to disclose the indicators shown in the reports in aggregate:

• the cost of fixed assets;
• the cost of intangible assets;
• inventory value;
• accounts payable;
• receivables;
• structure and size of financial investments.

You also need to take into account that the content of not only balance sheet items is disclosed, but also other forms of reporting, especially this concerns the Statement of Financial Results.

Almost always, if an enterprise receives a loss at the end of the reporting period, the tax authority requires it to substantiate and confirm the correctness of accounting for income and expenses. In this situation, the totality of balance sheet indicators, cash flow statement, capital change statement can confirm the correctness of tax calculation.

If the company changed its accounting policy, then it is imperative to reflect this in the text and explain the essential conditions of the accounting policy.

Also, the explanatory note discloses the composition of affiliated persons.

Sample explanatory note to the balance sheet

Example 1. How can you start an explanatory note

Example 2. How to explain individual balance sheet items

In the explanatory note, we provide, for example, such tables, with an explanation of which indicator is indicated in the corresponding line of the balance sheet.

Example 3. How to explain the statement of financial results

With careful and systematic maintenance of tax ledgers, it will not be difficult for an accountant to enter the accounting results into a simple table. In this case, the structure of the company's expenses is clearly visible.

This method of explanation is also convenient for the further preparation of the Report for the founders. The visibility of expense items allows the owner to make adequate decisions and assess the profitability of business areas.

If the company receives income from several types of activities, it is also advisable to break down the gross income received by separate items:

Thus, a competently and fully compiled explanatory note solves the following issues:

• reduces the number of requests for clarifications received by the organization from the tax authorities;
• reduces the likelihood of on-site inspections;
• provides users with reporting the most accurate picture of the economic life of the organization;
• serves as a basis for deep analytics of business processes;
• helps owners to correctly assess the situation and develop profitable areas.

The structure of the annual financial statements of organizations includes an explanatory note to the balance sheet-2017. There is no sample for this document, so you can create it in any form. In it, the accountant describes the most important changes that have occurred during the reporting period, and characterizes the financial position at the end of the year. How to do it correctly, you will learn from this article.

Currently, the current legislation does not provide for the mandatory provision of an explanatory note to the balance sheet as part of the annual reporting. However, in most cases it is indispensable. There are no special requirements for this document, but it is desirable to draw up it without errors. Indeed, if the data does not correspond to those indicated in the report itself, the tax service may have questions. Let's see who, when, why and in what form should prepare explanations for the balance sheet?

Balance sheet notes and note are not the same thing

An explanatory note to the balance sheet, a sample of which can be seen in this article, does not replace an explanation of the balance sheet. By virtue of PBU 4/99 "Financial statements of an organization", the latter concept, in fact, deciphers individual reporting forms:

• statement of changes in equity;
• cash flow statement;
• other reporting forms and applications in the accounting statements.

Whereas the note is an arbitrary transcript of the entire financial situation in the organization. It can contain both general information and detailed explanations of the lines of the balance sheet and the income statement. According to Article 14 of the Federal Law dated 06.12.2011 No. 402 and paragraph 4 of the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 02.07.2010 No. 66n, this document is included in the annual financial statements. In particular, clause 28 of PBU 4/99 provides that business entities are required to draw up explanations to the balance sheet and Form No. 2 in the form of separate reporting forms and a general explanatory note. Although officials do not put forward any specific requirements for the form and content of this document, all organizations must submit an explanatory note with a balance sheet.

An exception to the general rule is representatives of small businesses, who have the right to draw up and submit accounting reports in a simplified form. They must provide only two mandatory forms: balance sheet and statement of financial results. It is not necessary for them to decipher the meanings and describe their financial situation. However, if such a desire arises, it is not forbidden to draw up this document.

Who needs an explanatory note to the annual financial statements and why

A sample of this important document is necessary for all users of financial statements to obtain more complete additional information about the financial and economic activities of a legal entity. Such information, as a rule, cannot be provided in other reporting forms, but it is important and of interest both to the founders or creditors of the company, and to the regulatory authorities. Data in this document can be included based on specific wishes, for example, of the board of directors, as well as based on the specifics of the economic situation at the enterprise by the end of the year. For example, if the income tax for the reporting period turned out to be significantly lower than the previous one, it makes sense to describe the reasons for this in an explanatory note, since the tax authority, having received such data, will still ask them to explain. Anticipating this desire, you can avoid not only unnecessary questions from the tax authorities and calls to the "carpet" to the inspection, but also an on-site inspection, which can be appointed within the framework of the office.

What information should be in the explanatory note

There are no legal requirements for the content of this document. Each accountant independently determines not only the composition and completeness of the data in it, but also the form in which it is more convenient to provide them:

• plain text;
• diagrams;
• tables;
• schemes;
• charts.

There is a general outline of this document. On its basis, you can get an idea of ​​what information is appropriate to provide. The most complete note may contain, in particular, the following sections:

• general data of the organization (address, average annual number of employees, types of economic activities, management team, etc.);
• general data on the applied accounting policies;
• analysis of the current financial performance of the organization;
• textual and tabular explanations for the financial statements.

In order for the auditors to have as few questions as possible, the document should be sure to indicate at least brief information about the accounting methods. This is especially true in areas such as:

• valuation of goods, inventories and finished goods;
• assessment of work in progress;
• depreciation of fixed assets;
• recognition of proceeds from sales.

In addition, if changes have been made to the accounting policy of the organization, you need not only to report this in a note, but also to justify their reasons and necessity. An assessment of the result of changes in monetary terms must be present, namely, the amount by which the assessment of financial statements has changed due to a change in the accounting method. If there are actions in the plans for the current year that affect the facts of the organization's economic activity or its continuity, for example, the upcoming liquidation of the organization, then this must be written in a note.

In the form of tables, it is desirable to provide the decryption of balance lines and form 2, in particular:

• data on changes in the organization's capital (charter, reserve, additional, etc.);
• on the composition and movement of reserves for future expenses and payments;
• the estimated reserves of the organization;
• changes in the structure and volume of intangible assets and fixed assets;
• data on the leased property of the organization;
• information about financial investments, accounts receivable and payable;
• composition of production costs and other expenses;
• sales volumes of products, goods, works, services by type of activity of the organization and sales markets;
• data on the security of the organization's obligations;
• all extraordinary facts of the organization's economic activity in the reporting period and their consequences.

In addition to dry facts and figures, an analysis of the organization's financial performance is encouraged in the explanatory note. Such information is primarily of interest to founders, shareholders and investors, but this data will tell tax specialists a lot too. In particular, information about the business activity of the organization and its position in the market will be useful when applying for VAT deductions or when opening foreign economic activity. If the work is not as rushed as desired, and the results of the activity for the year are losses, a well-written explanatory note with a detailed analysis of all factors will help avoid suspicions on the part of the tax authorities in the use of illegal methods of tax reduction. If in the document it will be possible to find answers to all the questions of interest to tax officials, then it will be easier to avoid additional methods of supervision.

Explanatory note to financial statements, sample

In order for our readers to have an idea of ​​what this document might look like, we took the conditional organization LLC "Horns and Hooves", which has been operating since 2005, is engaged in the production and sale of dairy products. Her chief accountant drafted this document as follows:

Explanations to the balance sheet of Roga and Kopyta LLC for 2017

1. General information

Limited Liability Company (LLC) "Horns and Hooves" was registered by the Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service No. 1 for St. Petersburg on March 29, 2005. Certificate of state registration No. 000000000, TIN 1111111111111111, checkpoint 22222222222, legal address: St. Petersburg, Nevsky prospect, 1.

The balance sheet of the organization was formed in accordance with the rules and requirements of accounting and reporting in force in the Russian Federation.

1. The authorized capital of the organization: 5,000,000 (five million) rubles, paid in full.
2. Number of founders: two individuals, O. M. Kurochkin and I. I. Ivanov and one legal entity OOO Milk.
3. Primary activity: milk processing OKVED 15.51.
4. The number of employees as of December 31, 2016 was 165 people.
5. There are no branches, representative offices and separate subdivisions.

2. Significant accounting policies

The accounting policy of LLC "Horns and Hooves" was approved by the order of the director Ivanov I.I. dated 25.12.2013 No. 289. The straight-line depreciation method is used. Assessment of inventories and finished goods is carried out at actual cost. The financial result from the sale of products, works, services, goods is determined by shipment.

3. Information about affiliated persons

Ivanov Ivan Ivanovich - the founder of a 50% share of ownership in the management company, holds the position of General Director.

Oleg Mikhailovich Kurochkin is the founder of a 30% share of ownership in the authorized capital.

LLC "Moloko" - the founder of a 20% share of ownership in the authorized capital, a Russian organization (founders V.P. Petrov and Yu.K. Sidorov).

In the reporting period, the following financial transactions were performed with related parties:

• On March 12, 2017, the general meeting of the founders of LLC "Horns and Kopyts" reviewed and approved the financial statements of the organization for 2016. The meeting decided to pay at the end of 2016 a profit in the amount of 3,252,000 rubles to the founders based on their share in the authorized capital. The payment (taking into account the withholding of personal income tax for two individuals) was made on 04/01/2017;
• On May 25, 2017, LLC "Horns and Hooves" concluded with the founder of LLC "Milk" Yu.K. Sidorov an agreement on the purchase of non-residential premises worth 5,102,000 rubles. The cost of the transaction is due to an independent appraisal of the value of the property. Settlements under the contract were made in full on June 6, 2017, the act of acceptance and transfer of real estate was signed.

4. Key performance indicators of the organization for 2017

In the reporting year, the revenue of LLC "Horns and Kopyts" amounted to:

• for the main activity "production and sale of dairy products" - 385,420,020 rubles;
• for other types of activity - 650 580 rubles;
• other income: 170,800 rubles (sale of fixed assets).

Production and sales costs:

• purchase of fixed assets: 1,410,500 rubles;
• depreciation of fixed assets: 45,230 rubles;
• purchase of raw materials: 110,452,880 rubles;
• wage fund: 137,580,040 rubles;
• travel expenses: 238,300 rubles;
• rental of premises: 8,478,190 rubles;
• other expenses: 532,458 rubles.

5. Explanation of the balance sheet items as of 12/31/2017 (for example, payables)

The presence and movement of receivables

Index		Period	For the beginning of the year						Changes over the period						At the end of the year
			Recorded under contracts					Bad debt reserve	Received			Eliminated			Remainder
In thousands of rubles with a decimal point									Under agreements (transactions)	Fines, penalties, forfeit		Redeemed	Written off to fin. result	Written off to the reserve of doubtful debts	Current	Overdue
Total short-term accounts receivable, including:		2017 Nov.	25 489,3					(200,0)	15 632,7	300,4		(25 023,2)	(102,1)	(48,9)	15 726,1	522,1
buyers			20 409,0					(200,0)	10 015,5	300,4		(17 315,3)	(87,7)	(48,9)	12 750,9	522,1
suppliers			5080,3					-	5617,1	-		(7707,9)	(14,4)	-	2975,2	-
Total long-term receivables, including:		2017 Nov.	50 000,0					-	-	-		-	-	-	50 000,0	-
on interest-free loans			40 000,0					-	-	-		-	-	-	40 000,0	-
TOTAL accounts receivable			30 489,3					(200,0)	15 632,7	300,4		(25 023,2)	(102,1)	(48,9)	65 726,1	522,1

6. Estimated liabilities and reserves

As of December 31, 2017, the organization formed an estimated obligation to pay for the next vacations of employees in the amount of 7,458,000 rubles, the number of unpaid vacation days is 67, the deadline is 2019.

The reserve for doubtful debts was formed in the amount of 600,000 rubles. due to the presence of an overdue and unsecured debt of OOO Girya in the amount of 522,000 rubles.

In 2017, the organization did not create a reserve for the reduction in the cost of inventories, since inventories have no signs of depreciation.

7. Salary

Accounts payable on wages as of December 31, 2017 as a whole for the organization amounted to 3,876,400 rubles. (payment for December 2017, due date: 12.01.2018). Staff turnover in the reporting period was 14.88%. The payroll number of employees as of 12/31/2016 - 165 people. The average monthly salary is 25,675 rubles.

8. Other information

(In this section, you need to describe all the extraordinary facts in the economic and economic activities of the organization for the reporting period, describe their consequences. You can also describe all other material facts that influenced in general and, in particular, on the balance sheet indicators. You can list major transactions and counterparties on them for the reporting period, as well as write a forecast or events that have already happened after the reporting date and are significant.)

Director of LLC "Horns and Hooves" / signature / Ivanov I.I. 03/19/2018.

When drawing up an explanatory note, special attention should be paid to information about affiliated persons. It is advisable to draw up these data in a separate section, as required by paragraph 14 of PBU 11/2008. According to the law, it is necessary to disclose information not only about the founders of the organization itself, but also about the persons associated with them, therefore, if there is a legal entity among the founders (as in our example), it is necessary to indicate its participants or shareholders. In addition, information on transactions with related parties performed in the reporting period, as well as, regardless of the performance of transactions, on those legal entities and citizens that are recognized as affiliated, should be indicated.

It is obvious that the competent preparation of an explanatory note to the financial statements can save the manager and the accountant from additional communication with the regulatory authorities. It is important to remember that the detailing of information in this document depends only on its compiler - on the intention of the organization itself to disclose certain indicators for the year or not. The main and only requirement that the legislator makes to this document is that the information contained in the explanations must be reliable. The person who signed the document is responsible for its correctness.

Annual report for 2017 with the help of ConsultantPlus

All the necessary expert materials for the preparation of accounting and tax reporting for the year can be found in. It contains special material on this topic - a Practical Guide for the Annual Reporting-2017, which thoroughly examines all aspects and nuances, provides examples and step-by-step instructions, as well as samples of filling out all forms and forms.

Ekaterina Annenkova, auditor certified by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, expert in accounting and taxation of the IA "Klerk.Ru". Photo by B. Maltsev IA "Clerk.Ru"

In accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of 07/06/1999. No. 43n "On approval of the Accounting Regulations, the financial statements consist of:

• balance sheet,
• statement of financial results,
• applications to them,
• explanatory note,
• as well as an auditor's report confirming the reliability of the organization's financial statements, if it is subject to mandatory audit in accordance with federal laws.

An explanatory note to the annual accounts, along with explanations in the form of separate reporting forms, discloses the information contained in the balance sheet and the statement of financial results.

The explanatory note to the annual financial statements must contain essential information:

• about the organization,
• her financial situation,
• comparability of data for the reporting and previous years,
• valuation methods and material items of financial statements.

The explanatory note must report the facts non-application accounting rules in cases where they do not allow to reliably reflect the property status and financial results of the organization, with appropriate justification.

Otherwise, non-application of accounting rules is considered as evasion from their implementation and is recognized as a violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting.

In addition to material information, an organization may provide additional information accompanying financial statements, if it considers it useful for interested users in making economic decisions (clause 39 of PBU 4/99).

It reveals:

• dynamics of the most important economic and financial indicators of the organization for a number of years;
• planned development of the organization;
• estimated capital and long-term financial investments;
• debt policy, risk management;
• activities of the organization in the field of research and development work;
• environmental protection measures;
• other information.

Additional information, if necessary, can be presented in the form of analytical tables, graphs and diagrams.

Guided by the requirements of the current legislation, we will draw up an approximate Explanatory Note to the annual financial statements of Romashka LLC for 2013.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

to the annual financial statements for 2013 LLC Firm "ROMASHKA"

1. Basic information about the organization.

Limited Liability Company "ROMASHKA" company, legal and actual address: 117417, Moscow, Ivanovskaya st., House number 77, building 7.

OGRN: 1077077077077.

INN: 7770077700.

Checkpoint: 770701001.

Registered with the Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service of Russia No. 07 for Moscow on 07.07.2007. certificate 77 No. 007770077.

The financial statements of the Company are formed on the basis of the accounting and reporting rules in force in the Russian Federation.

The number of employees at the end of the reporting period was 177 people.

In 2013, there was an increase in the authorized capital:

• At the expense of retained earnings of previous years in accordance with Minutes No. 1 dated 04/07/2013 in the amount 3 000 000 rub.
• Due to the contribution of the founder to the authorized capital of the LLC in accordance with the Minutes No. 2 dated 07.07.2013 in the amount 50 000 rub.

The size of the authorized capital of the Company as of December 31, 2013. is 3 060 000 rubles.

The main activities of the Company are the production and wholesale of building materials.

Production and financial activities were carried out by the Company throughout the entire period of 2013 and was aimed at generating income in the reporting and subsequent periods.

Materiality level, fixed by the Company in the accounting policy for accounting purposes is 15% from the corresponding item in the accounting statements.

2. Revenue (income) from sales.

Revenue from the performance of work, the provision of services, the sale of products with a long manufacturing cycle is recognized as soon as ready works, services, products ().

Income from sales in 2013 amounted to 6 000 000 rub. (without VAT):

Sales proceeds for the previous reporting periods were (excluding VAT):

• year 2012 - 5 000 000 rub.;
• 2011 - 4 500 000 rub.;
• 2010 - 3 000 000 rub.;
• year 2009 - 2 500 000 rub.

The analysis of the above indicators testifies to the positive dynamics of the development of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise.

3. Costs associated with implementation.

Administrative expenses accounted for in the debit of account 26 "General business expenses" are not distributed among the objects of calculation at the end of the reporting period and are written off directly to the debit of account 90 "Sales of products (works, services)" weight of proceeds from sales.

Recognized in the cost of sold products, goods, works, services in full in the reporting year of their recognition as expenses for ordinary activities (clause 9 PBU 10/99 "Organization costs").

Implementation costs in 2013 amounted to 5 160 000 rub. (without VAT):

For tax accounting purposes, the amount of expenses related to the sale amounted to 4 840 000 rub.

The resulting difference in accounting for production and management expenses for accounting and tax accounting purposes was formed in connection with the use of RAS to determine expenses in accounting and the provisions of the Tax Code for accounting for expenses for tax purposes.

320 000 rub. formed from the temporary difference in size 170 000 rub. and permanent differences in the amount 150 000 rub. in the following way:

1.Temporary size difference 170 000 rub. formed due to differences in accounting for depreciation of fixed assets for tax and accounting purposes.

2.Constant size differences 150 000 rub. (100,000 + 50,000) consist of expenses not accepted for NU purposes, namely:

• 100 000 rub. depreciation of fixed assets not accepted for OU purposes;
• 50 000 rub. health insurance costs in excess of the norm.

The costs associated with the sale for the previous reporting periods were (excluding VAT):

• year 2012 - 4 600 000 rub.;
• 2011 - 4 000 000 rub.;
• 2010 - 2 650 000 rub.;
• year 2009 - 2 100 000 rub.

The analysis of the above indicators testifies to the optimization of the costs associated with the implementation, which has a positive effect on the economic activity of the enterprise.

4. The financial result obtained from the main activities

The financial result obtained from the main activities in 2013 amounted to 840 000 rub. ( 6 000 000 - 5 160 000 ).

For tax purposes, the amount of profit from sales was 1 160 000 rub. ( 6 000 000 - 4 840 000 ).

In addition, for the main type of activity, the results of the sale of a large batch of finished products are not reflected, due to the delay in the transfer of the batch of goods to the address of the buyer LUTIK LLC and the signing of the TORG-12 consignment note.

The sale of the goods took place in the 1st quarter of 2014. All production work was completed in the 4th quarter of 2013.

Finished products are reflected on account 43 "Finished products" in the amount of actual costs for their manufacture - 450 000 rub.

The amount of proceeds from the sale of this batch of products of its own production is 750 000 rub.

The amount of profit received (before tax) on this project will be 300 000 rub.

5. Other income.

The amount of other income for accounting purposes in 2013 was 1 170 000 rub.

For tax accounting purposes, the amount of non-operating income was 1 100 000 rubles, the amount of income from the sale of fixed assets amounted to 20 000 rub. Total amount of income accepted for tax accounting purposes - 1 120 000 rub.

The resulting difference in accounting for other income for the purposes of accounting and non-operating income for tax accounting purposes was formed in connection with the use of RAS to determine the amount of other income in accounting and the provisions of the Tax Code for accounting for income for tax purposes.

The sum of the difference between BU and OU in the amount 50 000 rub. represents a permanent difference, which consists of the contribution of the founder, who owns 100% of the shares, to the authorized capital of the LLC.

6. Other expenses.

The amount of other expenses for accounting purposes in 2013 was 1 540 000 rub.

For tax accounting purposes, the amount of non-operating expenses amounted to 630 000 rubles, the amount of expenses associated with the implementation of fixed assets - 15 000 rub. Total amount of expenses accepted for tax accounting purposes - 645 000 rub.

The resulting difference in accounting for other expenses for accounting and non-operating expenses for tax accounting purposes was formed in connection with the use of RAS to determine the amount of other expenses in accounting and the provisions of the Tax Code - for accounting expenses for tax purposes.

The sum of the difference between BU and OU in the amount 895 000 rub. represents a permanent difference, which was formed from the following expenses, which are not accepted for NU purposes:

• 150 000 rub. interest on bank loans exceeding the maximum amount accepted for the purposes of taxation in accordance with Article 269 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation;
• 300 000 rub. losses for 2012 related to the previous tax period, not accounted for in the current tax period;
• 420 000 rub. bonuses from net profit and material assistance to employees of the organization;
• 20 000 rub. fines and penalties under the on-site inspection certificate of the Pension Fund of Russia and the Federal Security Service of 07/27/2013 No. 7770077;
• 5 000 rub. other expenses (including depreciation of non-production fixed assets, purchase of drinking water and other expenses not accounted for for the purposes of OU).

During 2013, the Company included in other expenses expenses in the form of interest on a long-term bank loan in the amount of 650 000 rub.

This loan was provided to the Company by Bank Vozrozhdenie to replenish working capital, in accordance with the loan agreement dated June 15, 2013. No. 01234567.

The loan amount, according to the agreement, is 5 000 000 rub. and was fully received by the Company in June 2013.

The maturity date of the principal amount under the loan agreement is July 1, 2017. Interest is paid monthly.

7. Calculations for income tax.

The Company generates in accounting and discloses in the financial statements information on the calculations of corporate income tax in accordance with the requirements of PBU 18/02 "Accounting for calculations of corporate income tax."

Profit for taxation purposes on income tax in accordance with the data of tax registers and tax return data amounted to 1 635 000 rub.

The income tax rate in 2013 was 20%. The amount of accrued income tax according to the tax return for 2013 was 327 000 rub.

The amount of accounting profit according to the accounting registers was 470 000 rub.

The amount of the conditional expense reflected in the accounting on the debit of account 99.02.1 "Conditional expense on income tax" was 94 000 rub. (470,000 * 20%).

The amount of deferred tax assets (hereinafter SHE) at the beginning of 2013 was 50 000 rub. During 2013, there was an increase in IT by the amount 34 000 rub. due to the occurrence of a temporary difference (in terms of depreciation of fixed assets) in the amount 170 000 rub. (170,000 * 20% = 34,000).

The amount of permanent tax assets (hereinafter PNA) was in 2013 10 000 rub. The PNA arose due to a permanent difference in the amount of the contribution of the founder who owns 100% of the shares in the LLC in the charter capital of the Company in accounting in the amount of 50 000 rub.

The amount of permanent tax liabilities (hereinafter PNL) was in 2013 209 000 rub. PNR arose due to permanent differences in the amount 1 045 000 rub. ((100,000 + 50,000 + 150,000 + 300,000 + 420,000 + 20,000 + 5,000) * 20% = 209,000).

The current corporate income tax calculated in accordance with the provisions of PBU 18/02 is 327 000 rub. ( 94 000 + 34 000 + 209 000 - 10 000 ) * and corresponds to the data of the tax return for 2013.

* Current corporate income tax = conditional expense + Accrued SHE + PNO - PNA.

8. Financial result of economic activity

The financial result obtained in 2013 amounted to 177 000 rub. ( 470 000 - 327 000 + 34 000 ).

The financial result of the company's activity in 2013 was influenced by the expenses incurred and written off to the financial result:

• managerial,
• commercial,
• others,

related to the sale of a large batch of finished products manufactured in the 4th quarter of 2013 and sold in the 1st quarter of 2014.

9. Information about the accounting policy of the organization

The Regulation on the accounting policy applied by the Company was drawn up in accordance with the provisions of Federal Law No. 402-FZ dated 06.12.2011. "On accounting" and the requirements of PBU 1/2008 "Accounting policy of the organization" and other applicable provisions, guidelines, instructions.

The accounting policy of the Company was approved by Order No.UP dated 30.12.2012.

The initial cost of the fixed assets of the Company is paid off:

• by the linear method according to the depreciation rates established depending on the useful life of the fixed assets in accordance with the Classification of fixed assets, approved by the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 01.01.2002. # 1.

In the case of the acquisition of used fixed assets, the useful life of this property is determined as follows:

• the useful life is reduced by the number of years (months) of operation of this property by the previous owner.

Assets in respect of which the conditions are met, which serve as the basis for their acceptance for accounting as objects of fixed assets, with a value of not more than 40,000 rubles per unit, are reflected in accounting and reporting:

• as part of inventories and are written off to expenses as they are released into operation.

The Company does not create a reserve for OS repairs.

Fixed assets repair costs:

• included in the cost of products (works, services) of the reporting period.

OS inventory is performed:

• Once every 3 years.

Assessment of inventories upon disposal is carried out weighted average the cost of purchasing / procurement of a group of inventories.

Society creates reserve for reducing the cost of inventories due to financial results.

The reserve for the depreciation of the inventories is formed:

• by the amount of the difference between the current market value and the actual cost, if the latter is higher than the current market value.
• The amount of the reserve in the absence of movement of assets:
• during the year - 50% of the book value,
• over a year - 100% of the book value.

Cost of special equipment paid off:

• in a linear way.

Cost of special clothing, the service life of which, according to the issuance standards, does not exceed 12 months, at the time of transfer (vacation) to the employees of the organization

• is debited at a time.

The enterprise creates reserves of doubtful debts on settlements with other organizations and citizens for products, goods, works and services with the attribution of the amounts of reserves to the financial results of the organization (clause 70 of the Regulations on accounting and reporting).

The amount of the reserve for doubtful debts is:

• 100%, if a court decision is made not in favor of the Company, or on bankruptcy / liquidation of the debtor.
• 100%, if all attempts made to search for the debtor were unsuccessful.
• 50%, if it was not possible to avoid a pre-trial settlement and the case was referred to court.
• 50%, if the debt is overdue for more than 3 months and the debtor does not sign an act of reconciliation of mutual settlements / does not agree with the amount of the debt.
• 30%, if the debt is overdue for more than 3 months and the debtor has signed an act of reconciliation of mutual settlements and agrees with the amount of the debt.

Revenue from the performance of work, the provision of services, the sale of products with a long manufacturing cycle, it is recognized:

• as the work, service, product is ready ().

Production costs are accumulated on account 20 "Main production" with analytical accounting by types of items, types of production costs, departments.

Unfinished production taken into account:

• on account 20 "Main production" in the amount of the actual cost. Account 21 "Semi-finished products of own production" does not apply.

TO direct costs

• The actual cost of raw materials, materials used in the production of goods (performance of work, provision of services) and forming their basis, or being a necessary component in the production of goods (performance of work, provision of services);
• The cost of finished products used in production;
• General production costs.

General production costs are accumulated on account 25 "General production costs" and at the end of the month are debited to account 20 "Main production" with the distribution of costs by types of items.

TO general production costs associated with the production and sale of goods of our own production, as well as the performance of work and the provision of services include:

• The actual cost of raw materials and materials used for general production purposes;
• Depreciation deductions for fixed assets for production and general production purposes;
• Depreciation deductions for intangible assets for production and general production purposes;
• The cost of purchased goods and finished products used in production;
• Expenses for work and services of third-party organizations of a production and general production nature;
• Labor costs of the main production personnel with deductions for insurance premiums;
• Deferred expenses in the part related to general production expenses.

The distribution of overhead costs accounted for in the debit of account 25 "Overhead costs" is carried out in proportion to:

• proceeds from the sale of products (works, services).

Administrative expenses, accounted for in the debit of account 26 "General business expenses", at the end of the reporting period

• are not distributed between the objects of calculation and as conditionally constant are written off directly to the debit of account 90 "Sales of products (works, services)" with distribution between product groups in proportion to the share of proceeds from sales.

Selling and administrative expenses are recognized in the cost of sold products, goods, works, services:

• completely in the reporting year of their recognition as expenses for ordinary activities ().

Cost of purchased goods in accounting it is formed:

• based on the cost of purchasing them. Transportation costs for the delivery of goods are accounted for separately on account 44 "Sales costs".

On disposal financial investments their assessment is carried out at the initial cost of each unit of accounting for financial investments.

The costs incurred by the organization in the reporting period, but relating to the next reporting periods are reflected in the balance sheet:

• in accordance with the conditions for recognizing assets established by regulatory legal acts on accounting, and are subject to write-off in the manner prescribed for the write-off of the value of assets of this type (clause 65 of the Regulations on accounting and reporting).

Costs that were previously accounted for by the organization as part of deferred expenses with reflection on account 97, they are not transferred to accounting registers. In the balance sheet, these costs are reflected in accordance with the conditions for recognizing assets established by regulatory legal acts on accounting, and are subject to write-off in the manner established for writing off the value of assets of this type.

Non-exclusive rights for software products and other similar intangible objects that are not intangible assets according to:

• are accounted for on account 97 "Deferred expenses" and are written off to expenses on a monthly basis in equal parts during the term of the contract (clause 39 of PBU 14/2007).

In the balance sheet, these costs are reflected in accordance with the conditions for recognizing assets established by regulatory legal acts on accounting, and are subject to write-off in the manner established for writing off the value of assets of this type.

Provisions for future expenses for the payment of vacation pay are recognized as an estimated liability and are reflected in the account for accounting for reserves for future expenses. The amount of the estimated liability is included in other expenses. The amount of the estimated liability is determined based on the entire amount of vacation pay, due, but not paid by employees as of the reporting date (paragraphs 17, 18, 19 of PBU "Estimated liabilities, contingent liabilities and contingent assets").

Provisions for future expenses and payments in 2013, the creation of which is not obligatory in accordance with the current legislation, are not created.

Loans and credits received are accounted for as part of short-term or long-term borrowed funds, in accordance with the terms of the agreement, namely:

• With a maturity not exceeding 12 months, loans and credits are accounted for as part of short-term debt on loans and borrowings;

Drawing up an explanatory note is no less painful for an accountant than preparing the balance sheet itself.

An explanatory note is an independent form of financial statements, its most important, voluminous part.

Often, the text of an explanatory note can be located on 100 or more typewritten sheets. Regulated by clause 5 PBU 4/99

What is an explanatory note?

This is a document that includes a written explanation of the figures that are contained in the balance sheet, as well as the income statement and their annexes.

The main principles for writing an organizational memorandum include the principles of materiality and comparability.

If we are talking about comparability, then we mean the comparison of the quantitative values ​​of a number of articles of the accounting report for a period of time (a number of years).

We compare only essential articles, so as not to violate the principle of rationality when drawing up reports

They have the opportunity not to attach an explanatory note to the accounting balance when submitting reports provided by the state to small enterprises.

An explanatory note to the accounting balance sheet should consist of the following sections with disclosure of information for each of them:

1. Information about the organization

This section is for informational and descriptive purposes.

The name is indicated, as well as the established organizational and legal form of this company.

In addition, this section indicates the legal and actual addresses, information about the founders of the organization, the size of the authorized capital.

The organizational structure of the organization is also indicated, as well as the availability of licenses and permits available to the organization and their validity period.

The financial information indicates the amount of taxes that the organization paid in the specified year and the average annual number of employees employed in the organization.

Information about the auditor of the company (name, legal address, etc.) is also indicated.

2. Company accounting policy

The content of the accounting policy of the organization, its main changes for the past year compared to the previous one, as well as the reason for the changes in accounting policy, are described.

The organization also specifies separate rules for accounting for assets and liabilities.

3. Information about the main assets and liabilities of the organization

In this subsection, information is disclosed under the following articles:

• for fixed assets (depreciation, movement of fixed assets,
• information about real estate objects that are under state registration, etc.),
• on loans and borrowings (availability of loans and borrowings, their maturity dates, as well as complete information on them, including information on the weighted average values ​​for loans and deputies),
• on inventories (methods of their assessment and consequences),
• on financial investments (all information regarding securities is disclosed),
• for assets and liabilities (the amount of exchange differences that are included in the financial results, and the value of the official exchange rate of the Bank of Russia as of the reporting date is also indicated).

4. Assessment of the structure of the balance of the organization

The main purpose of compiling this section is to assess the enterprise and its financial condition in the framework of both the short-term and long-term.

To assess the financial condition of the enterprise in the short term, indicators such as:

• liquidity ratio,
• financial dependence,
• profitability,
• solvency.

For the long term, such an indicator is calculated as the dependence of the organization on external lenders and loans.

5. Information about the income and expenses of the organization
Information is indicated according to the relevant items of the balance sheet of the enterprise.

6. Explanations required for the main items of reporting
Information is indicated in case of materiality of articles and the simultaneous absence of this disclosure in the forms of financial statements.

7. The business activity of the organization is assessed
The market in which the company operates is assessed, as well as the business reputation of the organization, which is formed, among other things, from the popularity of customers.

Planned indicators and the degree of their implementation are also evaluated.

8. Explanation of opening balances and their changes
The size of the change in opening balances and the reasons for this change (reorganization of the enterprise, introduction of new accounting requirements, etc.) are indicated.

9.Information about affiliates
Information related to affiliated persons is disclosed in detail, namely:

• a complete list of such persons,
• the nature of the relationship with them,
• types of transactions with affiliated persons

10. Conditional facts on organizational economic activities
We refer to contingent liabilities

• guarantee obligations of the organization,
• her participation in court proceedings,
• the amount of guarantees issued by the organization.

This paragraph discloses full information on contingent facts, if any.

11. Joint activities of the organization

The purposes for which the company conducts joint activities, as well as the amount of assets invested in this activity, complete information on jointly carried out operations are indicated.

12. Data by segment of the organization
The section is filled out only by organizations that have subsidiaries and dependent companies, as well as if it is entrusted to it by associations and unions to compile consolidated general accounting statements in accordance with the constituent documents.

13. Declaration of events after the reporting date
Describes the cause and nature of the event, as well as the possible consequences of the event.

14. Government funding
If the organization has received state aid, then its size, financing goals, other forms of state support, as well as unfulfilled budgetary funds as of the reporting date are disclosed.

15. Environmental factors
Reflected if there is a fact of negative impact on the environment.

This paragraph contains an indication of the degree of impact on the environment, as well as measures taken by the organization to protect the environment.

16. Information in accordance with PBU 18 \ 02
Contains a full reflection of the accounting of calculations for corporate income tax.

17. Information Disclosed by Joint Stock Companies
The number of shares issued during the reporting period is indicated.

Shares are indicated, issued and fully paid, and may also be unpaid or partially paid.

Disclosed information on the additional issue of shares of the company

18. Data on discontinued operations
Full information is provided on the reasons for the termination of a particular type of activity, the value of assets and liabilities disposed of or repaid as part of the termination of activities and other information on this activity are indicated.

19. Other information
Information that was not previously disclosed in the explanatory note is indicated.

For example, it reflects the efficiency of the organization, the competitiveness of products, sales markets, etc.

Each firm builds its own structure and composes it only from those sections that are directly related to the nature of the organization's activities.

Explanatory note to balance sample

Explanatory note to the balance sheet - is it mandatory in the annual statements, who should prepare it and who may not, and most importantly, how does it look? We will talk about this in our article.

Why explain the balance

The reporting must be accurate and complete and give the user a clear picture of the financial position of the organization. In the balance sheet and form 2, we provide generalized indicators, from which, as a rule, it is difficult to draw exhaustive conclusions. This means that they need to be explained.

Take the line "Accounts Receivable" as an example. To put this figure in the report, you need not only to collect balances for all settlement accounts, but also to take into account the amount of the reserve for doubtful debts (if any). It is not shown separately in the balance sheet, and interested users (owners, investors, regulatory authorities) need additional explanations in this regard.

All organizations should provide explanations, except for:

• small businesses eligible for simplified accounting and reporting;
• public organizations that do not conduct business and do not have implementation.

In addition, clarifying the balance is in the interests of everyone who cares about their reputation. The more fully the figures from the report are disclosed, the more transparent the company's activities will look. Such reporting will help not only to strengthen the credibility, but also to attract new investors. Explanations on the balance sheet will also allow you to avoid unnecessary questions from regulatory authorities.

Read about the requirements for accounting, read the material "What are the requirements for accounting records?" .

NOTE! In clause 39 PBU 4/99 (approved by clauseby order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 06.07.1999 No. 43n) it is determined that companies have the right to provide additional information along with reports if it is useful for external users of the reporting. At the same time, the Ministry of Finance believes that companies are obliged to disclose information accompanying accounting (information of the Ministry of Finance dated 04.12.2012 No. PZ-10/2012).

What information does the explanation of the balance sheet contain?

Usually, explanations are not made separately for the balance sheet only. Since it is not drawn up alone, but as part of the reporting, an explanation is given at once for all submitted reports.

Read about the features of the reporting of companies using the simplified tax system in the material "How to fill out the balance sheet with the simplified tax system?" .

It should be noted that all traditional reports decipher some balance lines, that is, they are also its explanations.

So, from the statement of financial results, we learn about the amount of net profit for the period, and it is an integral part of the line "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)" of the balance sheet.

The cash flow statement provides information on how the indicator of the line "Cash and cash equivalents" is formed (with a breakdown by line of business).

The statement of changes in equity deciphers the information reflected in the 3rd section of the balance sheet.

The remaining lines also require decryption and explanation. Usually they are presented in the form of tables - they are convenient and visual. Their form can be developed independently, or you can use ready-made samples - they are in Appendix 3 to the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 02.07.2010 No. 66n.

NOTE! Order No. 66n contains an example of drawing up clarifications on balance sheet information about intangible assets, R&D, fixed assets, financial investments, stocks, debts and debts to creditors, estimated liabilities, and state aid.

What a sample explanatory note to the balance sheet looks like

There is no single sample of explanations for the balance sheet. Everyone explains what they think is necessary and useful for users of the reporting.

Let's show with an example how an explanation of the balance might look.

Explanations to the balance sheet JSC "Symphony" for 2018 1. General information Joint Stock Company (JSC) "Symphony" was registered by the Federal Tax Service Inspectorate No. 6 for Moscow on October 29, 2009. (Further, you can provide the following information: PSRN, TIN, KPP, details of the certificate of state registration, address.) The balance sheet is formed in accordance with the accounting and reporting rules in force in the Russian Federation (if the balance sheet is compiled in accordance with IFRS, this must be indicated). Authorized capital: 1,000,000 (one million) rubles. Number of shares: 1,000 shares with a par value of 1,000 (one thousand) rubles. The main activity: milk processing and cheese production (OKVED 10.51). Composition of affiliated persons: Steklov Andrey Anatolyevich - member of the Board of Directors; Zavarzin Stepan Nikolaevich - member of the Board of Directors. 2. Significant accounting policies The accounting policy was approved by order of the director dated December 25, 2017 No. 156 (hereinafter, its main provisions are briefly given: methods of depreciation, methods of assessing assets and liabilities, etc.). 3. Balance structure (each line is shown in% of the balance currency, changes for the period are calculated). 4. Assessment of the value of net assets (the amount of net assets is related to the authorized capital). 5. Analysis of key financial indicators (financial ratios are indicated: liquidity, stocks, autonomy, return on assets, etc. 6. The composition of fixed assets (rubles): Name Initial cost Depreciation Book value as of 31.12.2018 Land Buildings, structures Vehicles Equipment Inventory 7. Estimated liabilities and reserves As of December 31, 2018, an estimated obligation was formed to pay for regular vacations in the amount of 1,426,000 rubles, the number of unpaid vacation days is 67, the due date is 2019. The reserve for doubtful debts was formed in the amount of 1,678,000 rubles. due to the presence of overdue and unsecured debt of Tikhie Zori LLC. Provision for depreciation of inventories was not created due to the absence of signs of impairment of inventories. 8. Labor and wages Payables on salaries as of December 31, 2018 amounted to RUB 1,679,000. (for December 2018, due date: 15.01.2019). Staff turnover in the reporting period amounted to 24.98%, the payroll - 167 people. The average monthly salary is 20,675 rubles. 9. Issued and received collateral and payments (all types are indicated). 10. Other information (A list of extraordinary facts, their consequences, a description of material facts that influenced the balance sheet indicators, major transactions made, events after the reporting date, adjustments made and other necessary information are provided.) Director of JSC "Symphony" Devyatov Devyatov A.N. 03/20/2019

Outcomes

The explanations to the balance are allowed to be made in any form. They can contain tables, graphs and charts. The detailed information in them is permissible in the most diverse - it all depends on the intention of the company in a certain way to disclose any important indicators. The main thing is that the information contained in the explanations is reliable and useful for users.