Occupation Evgeny Bazarov. Bazarov is a new person

In the novel "Fathers and Sons" I. S. Turgenev introduces us to the life of E. V. Bazarov, one of the representatives of a new social force that is emerging in Russia - the diverse intelligentsia. His image is unusual, and therefore, getting acquainted with him, with his fate, we discover something new, interesting and entertaining.
The image of Bazarov occupies a central place in the novel. On the one hand, Bazarov looks like a loner in a strange environment. Pisarev in his article "Bazarov" pointed out that "... Turgenev ... did not have enough materials to fully describe his hero from different angles." Indeed, the author of the novel “Fathers and Sons” did not know how the Bazarovs behave with other Bazarovs, since he himself belonged to the Kirsanovs.
On the other hand, Turgenev portrayed a new type of man in his conflict with the old forms of psychology, ideology and everyday life.
Throughout the novel, the author watches his hero with interest and puts him in various situations.
The character of Bazarov, his demeanor and personality is influenced by the revolutionary nature of his thinking. He dresses simply, he is not bound by conditional etiquette. Bazarov easily converges with ordinary people. “My grandfather plowed the land!” he said proudly. Bazarov opposes the conventions of the nobility, he laughs at traditions. Hence his irony, disregard for beautiful words. The author deliberately placed his hero in an environment that does not want and cannot understand him.
Arguments play an important role in the novel. Bazarov does not recognize any authorities, especially traditions. Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov disliked Bazarov for disrespect for other people, for his cheeky, as it seems to him, behavior. Bazarov answers caustic questions carelessly, with calmness bordering on indifference. Perhaps it is Bazarov's indifference that oppresses Pavel Petrovich, hits his self-esteem, self-respect.
In the duel scene, the question of who is the bearer of true nobility is decided. And in this situation, P. P. Kirsanov turned out to be morally defeated.
Bazarov is a natural scientist, materialist and revolutionary. He is passionate about his work, his goal is to double-check the already known views on own experience. Bazarov relies on direct sensations, he considers manifestations of feelings in a person unnecessary. Here in this he was deeply mistaken, and Turgenev proved the inconsistency of such views by leading the hero through the test of love.
Having fallen in love with Odintsova, Bazarov realized that feelings exist. Love turned out to be stronger than theories, it “shattered” the system of views of Mr. Nihilist. Romanticism, rejected at first by the hero, became inherent in himself.
Turgenev himself experienced an "involuntary attraction" to his hero. Addressing readers and critics, he wrote about Bazarov: “Probably, many of my readers will be surprised if I tell them that, with the exception of views on art, I share almost all of his beliefs.”
Turgenev did not share his thoughts on art and nature. This can be seen in the text: Bazarov despises art and does not recognize nature, and Turgenev unfolds wonderful landscapes before us; Bazarov denies love and friendship, and Turgenev draws us the relationship between Bazarov's parents and their selfless love for the hero himself.
In the dying scene, Bazarov is faithful to his ideals to the end and proudly looks into the eyes of death. Wait own death, face to face with it and not everyone can not be afraid. But this life is logically completed - Bazarov could not carry out his intentions in the present.
The image of Bazarov seems sometimes repulsive, sometimes attractive and mysterious. It contains many contradictions and inconsistencies. Turgenev gathered in him such features that one person could not possibly have, this is a collective image of an emerging phenomenon in Russian life.
Despite the fact that the author can rather be attributed to the generation of "fathers", Turgenev largely agrees with Bazarov. I think that Turgenev sympathized with his hero. And though he called it " tragic personality”and did not accept much in Bazarov, the skill of the realist writer prevailed - the nihilist hero is depicted as an expressive and attractive personality.

Tasks and tests on the topic "The image of E. Bazarov in the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons""

• Vowel sounds. The letters e, e, u, i and their function in the word - Sounds and letters grade 1

  Lessons: 3 Assignments: 9 Tests: 1

• NGN with subordinate adverbial clauses (subordinate comparisons, modes of action, measures and degrees) - Complex sentence Grade 9

  Lessons: 3 Assignments: 7 Tests: 1

The events described in the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" take place on the eve of the peasant reform, which caused a sharp resonance in public opinion. The progressive public was divided into liberals, who welcomed the reform, and revolutionary democrats, who believed that a radical change would still not give the peasants the desired liberation. This demarcation was also reflected in Turgenev's novel.

The novel "Fathers and Sons" caused heated debate and contradictory assessments.

The generation of "fathers", liberals, is represented in it by the Kirsanov brothers, and the generation of "children" is represented by raznochintsy-democrat Yevgeny Bazarov.

In the center of the novel is the figure of Bazarov. The novel begins with Bazarov's arrival at the Kirsanovs' estate. His appearance really stirred up the usual way of life of the Kirsanovs.

Bazarov is the son of a doctor, he went through a harsh life school, studies at the university for copper pennies, is fond of natural sciences, knows botany, agricultural technology, geology, never refuses to medical care people are proud of their origin. "My grandfather plowed the land!" - the hero says with haughty pride. He aroused aversion and interest immediately with his appearance alone: ​​tall, hoodie with tassels, naked red hand, long hair. The author focuses on the hero's hands. He repeatedly emphasizes his intelligence, pointing to the spacious skull and face, expressing self-confidence.

The Kirsanovs are the best of the nobles. Bazarov's views evoke different feelings in them. The most acute clash occurs between Evgeny and Pavel Petrovich.

Bazarov is a nihilist, and he vehemently defends his position of denying everything. He speaks coldly and contemptuously about art: "A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet," he says. Rafael, a recognized genius all over the world, according to Bazarov, is not worth a penny. Nature is not an object of admiration for Turgenev's hero, for him "it is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it." Bazarov calls love rubbish, unforgivable nonsense.

The author takes his hero through a series of tests, including a test of love. Having met with Odintsova, Bazarov is sure that there is no love and cannot be. He looks at women very skeptically. Anna Sergeevna for him is only a representative of one of the categories of mammals. He notes her rich body, quite worthy of an anatomical theater, and does not think about her as a person, as a person. However, gradually, in the soul of the hero, unexpectedly for him, those feelings wake up that lead him into a state of complete confusion. The longer he is visiting Odintsova, the closer he converges with her, the stronger he becomes attached to her, the hotter his feelings flare up. A person who is confident in his convictions breaks down at the first encounter with true life. unrequited love does not deprive Bazarov of pride. “I am a poor man, but I have not yet accepted alms,” he says to Odintsova.

The hero is in conflict with himself. He tried to build his existence on the basis of the theory of nihilism, but life cannot be subordinated to a dry idea. Denying the principle of honor, Bazarov accepts a duel challenge from Pavel Petrovich. Despising aristocrats, he sorts things out according to their rules and behaves nobly in duels. Pavel Petrovich himself tells him about this.

Bazarov cannot hide his affection and tender attitude towards his parents, whose care and love, at first glance, he is burdened. Feeling the approach of death, he asks Odintsova not to forget his old people, because "people like them, in ... big light in the daytime with fire not to be found ... ". Critic D. I. Pisarev considers the death of Bazarov heroic. “To die the way Bazarov died is like doing a great feat ...”, he writes.

The discovery of the ability to love in oneself becomes very painful and difficult for the hero. However, this ability enriches it, makes it more understandable and close to the reader.

The author sympathizes with his hero, respects and pities him, although he himself professed the idea of ​​liberalism. In his memoirs, Turgenev wrote: "To accurately and strongly reproduce the truth, the reality of life, is the highest happiness for a writer, even if this truth does not coincide with his own sympathies."

In the second half of the 19th century, Russia began to slowly assert itself new type hero. If earlier it was a nobleman, now domestic writers are increasingly paying attention to the commoners of democrats, people of non-aristocratic origin, who have made their way through their work and perseverance. The image of Bazarov in the novel "Fathers and Sons" absolutely corresponds to such a hero, so it can be said with confidence that Turgenev knew how to capture the mood of the people and listen to Russian life. If this were not so, then the writer would not be able to depict the conflict between different generations so accurately.

Democracy Bazarov

The image of Bazarov in the novel "Fathers and Sons" is the embodiment of democratic ideas and principles. The hero proudly declares that his grandfather was from the serfs, but at the same time does not remember that the other grandfather - on the maternal side - was a nobleman. Already in this, Evgeny's love for common people, the rejection of the class division of society. Bazarov respects only people who bring benefit to the country with their work and mind.

The main character also points to his simplicity. In a noble environment, he appears in a hoodie, which is a disregard for conventions. The author also draws attention to the red hand of Eugene, it is very different from the well-groomed hands of aristocrats. Bazarov is not alien to physical labor, he does not like to waste time on entertainment, even in Maryino he continues to do experiments all day long.

The hatred of the aristocracy and the love of the people for the hero of the novel "Fathers and Sons"

Bazarov is an image that ordinary people are drawn to, and at the same time, nobles despise. The so-called aristocrats hated Eugene with all their hearts, calling him a cynic, arrogant, plebeian, impudent. The clash between Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov is not just a struggle between two generations, but also a confrontation between people with different beliefs and moral values. The aristocrat was only waiting for an excuse to grapple with his enemy.

At the same time, the people in the novel "Fathers and Sons" evokes only positive emotions. The guys ran after the doctor all day long, like little dogs, Peter and Dunyasha sympathized with the hero. Even the shy Fenechka was so accustomed to Yevgeny's simplicity and kindness that she dared to call him in the middle of the night when her son fell ill.

Loneliness of Bazarov

The novel "Fathers and Sons" tells about the struggle between democracy and aristocracy. Bazarov is presented in the work as a kind of donquixote, he goes to extremes. Eugene is hated by aristocrats and loved simple people, but he has no like-minded people, even the author himself does not understand his hero, he believes that in real life there is nothing for such a person to do. In Maryina, Bazarov is different from the local landowners, and for the servants he is like his own there, but in his village for all the serfs he is a master.

The image of Bazarov in the novel "Fathers and Sons" is tragic. The hero does not find like-minded people, only imaginary followers, for whom his ideas are a tribute to fashion. In addition, he is unhappy in love. The death of Eugene was inevitable, because it is almost impossible for people like him to survive on earth.

Famusov

That's it, you are all proud!
Would you ask how the fathers did?
Learn by looking at your elders...
A. S. Griboyedov

In the 60s of the 19th century, a new type of hero appeared in Russian literature, which is usually called the "new man". This hero has come to replace extra person", the main character of the works of the first half of XIX century. "Superfluous people", smart, educated, are not satisfied surrounding life and ideals of contemporary society. All of them are dissatisfied with their lives without meaning, but they cannot find a serious goal that would capture them, would give meaning to their lives. That is why they are called "superfluous people". A convincing characterization of "superfluous people" is given by N.A. Dobrolyubov in the article "What is Oblomovism?".

The life position of the “superfluous people” was more or less clear for its time: the heroes defiantly opposed themselves to the surrounding society and thus were a living reproach to this society: why are young, educated, capable people are "redundant"? But during the first revolutionary situation and later the position of suspension from public life becomes insufficient. In the new historical conditions it is necessary to do business. New - active - heroes began to be called "new people" after N.G. Chernyshevsky, who called so goodies his social novel"What to do?".

In the novel "Fathers and Sons" is presented " new person- Bazarov. True, Turgenev calls him a "nihilist" and explains in detail what he means by this. foreign word. Hearing it for the first time, Nikolai Petrovich says: “This is from the Latin nihil - nothing ... this word means a person who does not recognize anything” (V). Arkady immediately clarifies: “A nihilist is a person who does not bow to any authorities, who does not accept a single principle on faith, no matter how respect this principle is surrounded” (ibid.). In other words, it is not true that Bazarov does not believe in anything, he trusts "experience", "sensible truth", that is, he does not believe in "principles", but believes in frogs. D.I. Pisarev, who, according to his socio-political views, should be attributed to real (and not literary) nihilists, approves of Bazarov’s similar convictions: “It is precisely here, in the frog itself, that the salvation and renewal of the Russian people lies” (“ Motives of Russian drama”, X). In the natural sciences, the critic explains his thought, phrases and authorities mean nothing, experimental proofs are needed here, and only the scientist who “will live a full intellectual life and look at things reasonably and seriously” (ibid.) can find them.

The conversation about the nihilists ends with Pavel Petrovich's sarcastic remark: “Yes. Before there were Hegelists, and now there are Nihilists. Let's see how you will exist in emptiness, in airless space" (V). There is a reason for this causticity: no matter what Bazarov and his like-minded people say, they cannot get away from the knowledge and achievements of previous generations, that is, “fathers”. This manifests one of the laws of dialectics (the transition of quantity into quality), formulated, by the way, by G. Hegel.

Bazarov as a “new man” is contrasted in the novel with the main ideological opponent, Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, who, both in his convictions and in his life history, is very reminiscent of “superfluous people”, it is not without reason that Bazarov calls him “an archaic phenomenon” without ceremony (IV). In turn, Pavel Petrovich did not like the long-haired nihilist with his bad manners and huge pride at first sight. Bazarov’s bad manners, diligently noted by the writer (sloppy answers through his teeth, stomping on the flower beds, sitting on the table, careless posture “lounging” in an armchair, yawns during a conversation), can be regarded as a conscious challenge to the aristocrats by the “doctor’s son”: Bazarov neglects the rules of decency and defiantly taunts the well-groomed hands and tight collars of the loafer Pavel Petrovich.

Both of them argue a lot in the novel and thus reveal their philosophical beliefs, Political Views, life position. Turgenev gives in detail the statements of each of them about the people, state power, political struggle, the social structure of Russia, Russian history, science, art, etc. Bazarov wins these disputes, which proves the thoughtfulness, solidity of his convictions and at the same time the vulnerability of many of the views of Pavel Petrovich, who, due to age and long rural solitude, has lagged behind life. The former secular lion does not understand that a new time is coming and it requires decisive action, and not just beautiful, albeit fair reasoning. Bazarov says about the new time in the novel: “Before, in recent times, we said that our officials take bribes, that we have no roads, no trade, no proper court ... And then we guessed what to talk, that's all only talking about our ulcers is not worth the trouble (...) ”(X). Repeating this thought, Bazarov turns to Arkady: “Your noble brother cannot go further than noble humility or noble boiling, and this is nothing. You, for example, do not fight - and you already imagine yourself to be good fellows - but we want to fight ”(XXVI).

Thus, two fundamentally different life positions. Bazarov is a democrat both by origin (his grandfather plowed the land, and his father was a regimental doctor), and by conviction (“Our dust will eat your eyes out, our dirt will stain you, and you have not grown up to us ...” (XXVI), - He speaks the protagonist Arkady), and according to the working lifestyle. Pavel Petrovich is an aristocrat who is proud of his family, enjoys the fortune of his ancestors and demands respect for himself “for the fact that he generally dined well, and once even dined with Wellington at Louis Philippe” (VII). Bazarov's behavior proves that he is a purposeful, hard-working, strong-willed person. Turgenev's hero is a poor student, just like Rodion Raskolnikov, but he does not despair, he endures all the difficulties (lack of money, neglect of wealthy fellow students, enormous physical stress) that broke Raskolnikov, continues to study and study social activities. Bazarov is characterized by a materialistic worldview and serious studies in the natural sciences. The business spirit of the nihilist is to the liking of the author, who, however, does not forget that his main goal Bazarov formulated very clearly: break everything old, “clear the place” (X).

Turgenev, of course, does not like such "destructive" moods, but, being an honest writer, he shows that even during the holidays in Maryino, the nihilist continues to work hard, cuts frogs, treats little Mitya. And Pavel Petrovich in the same Maryino pays great attention to his appearance, manners, but at the same time does not interfere in the management of the estate, leaving this prosaic concern to his brother, he himself amuses his broken heart, looking for features of similarity with Princess R. Bazarov in the face of Fenichka, quite reasonably asks the elder Kirsanov his caustic question: “Excuse me, Pavel Petrovich, you respect yourself and sit back; what is the use of this for the bien public?” (X).

Turgenev portrayed Bazarov as a man with strong character, which manifested itself, for example, in the story of the hero's love for Odintsova. Although the nihilist at the beginning of the novel confidently declares that there is no love, but there is a physiological attraction of the sexes, he quite romantically falls in love and is refused by the “lady of his heart”. Thus, the story of Bazarov and Odintsova essentially repeats the story of Pavel Petrovich and Princess R. However, unhappy love “breaks” Kirsanov (“an extra person”): he loses interest in life, leaves for the village, where he completely surrenders to his sad memories-experiences. To Bazarov (“the new man”), unhappy love inflicts a severe spiritual wound, but cannot break him: he consciously seeks distraction in his work, helps his father treat the peasants, etc.

With these serious differences, the two antipode heroes are somewhat similar, for example, both do not know and understand the life problems of men, although both are convinced of the opposite. Aristocrat Pavel Petrovich “always stands up for the peasants; True, when speaking to them, he frowns and sniffs the cologne” (VII); Democrat Bazarov "did not even suspect that in the eyes of the peasants he was still something like a pea jester" (XXVII). Turgenev cites a conversation between a young nihilist and a peasant who cannot answer the gentleman's abstruse questions: the interlocutors do not understand each other at all. After listening to the absurdity that the earth stands on three fish, and the village world lovingly submits to a strict master, Bazarov “contemptuously shrugged his shoulders and turned away, and the peasant wandered home,” arguing that the master “was talking something; I wanted to scratch my tongue. It is known, master; does he understand? (XXVII).

Summing up, it should be said that Turgenev made an attempt to truthfully describe the new hero of Russian public life at a time when the ideological and psychological "portrait" of the revolutionary democrats had not yet fully formed. And yet, many aspects of Bazarov's character, as history has shown, were so correctly noticed by the writer that they were repeated in the characters of real Russian democratic revolutionaries (Dobrolyubov, Pisarev and others).

Depicting the "new man", Turgenev contrasted him with the hero of the previous era - the "superfluous man". The author showed that Bazarov has a stronger character than Pavel Petrovich: hard work, determination, will, striving for action for the common good, the breadth of life views and tasks distinguish the young nihilist from the refined gentleman, selfish, immersed in personal experiences, subject to external circumstances .

At the same time, the writer is frightened by the too radical beliefs of the “new people”, their contempt for universal values(family relations, love), neglect of cultural and scientific traditions developed by "fathers and grandfathers". Complex relationship to the "new man" allowed Turgenev to create a multifaceted, interesting image Main character.

Evgeny Bazarov is central character Ivan Turgenev's novel Fathers and Sons. The work begins with the fact that Bazarov, together with his friend Arkady, arrive at the Kirsanovs' estate, where Arkady's father and uncle live. Who was Bazarov? Let's look at the characteristics of Evgeny Bazarov.

Past, education and views of Bazarov

Evgeny Bazarov's father was a doctor, and in the future his son was also involved in the treatment of people. He had to go through a harsh school, then followed by a university, during his studies in which he had to live in poverty. Bazarov liked to get involved different subjects, so he was well versed in geology, botany, and agricultural technology. It should be noted that Evgeny Bazarov is always happy to help with treatment. Educated person hence a certain pride in oneself.

And what did Bazarov look like outwardly? Many were even somewhat repulsed by his appearance - tall, in an old raincoat and with long hair. Ivan Turgenev not in vain also emphasized the sharpness of his mind, describing the skull and facial expression, which clearly indicated a self-confident warehouse.

The characteristic of Yevgeny Bazarov is that he is a nihilist, and literally denies everything, and is proud of his views. Bazarov speaks of love as an unnecessary feeling, he is not interested in art, he also does not admire nature, but calls it a workshop where a person is a worker. In general, if we talk about radical nobles, Bazarov's views are very different and clearly not typical.

Conclusions about the characterization of Evgeny Bazarov

There are many difficulties on the way of Yevgeny Bazarov, he is also tested by love. Having met Odintsova, the main character is convinced that love does not exist, and therefore he is indifferent to women. However, feelings flare up very quickly, this is especially evident after Bazarov has been visiting Odintsova's estate for some time. She captivates him and even pushes him to bold actions, for example, an explanation.

So, although Bazarov is a convinced nihilist, the first life situation breaks it, and having experienced deep feelings, he is already at an impasse - what to do next? Or, for example, the story of the duel - he denies the concept of honor, but agrees to fight a duel. Bazarov does not believe in nobility, but during the duel he behaves like a noble person. The question arises, was Bazarov really a nihilist?