Creation

Bibliography

Biography

Evgeny Zamyatin was born on January 20 (February 1), 1884 in the city of Lebedyan, Tambov province. Father is an Orthodox priest, mother is a pianist.

From 1893 to 1896, Zamyatin attended the Lebedyansky gymnasium, and then studied at the Voronezh gymnasium, from which he graduated in 1902 with a gold medal. In the same year, Evgeniy Ivanovich signed up out of stubbornness (at school he did not always get marks in mathematics). good grades, in contrast to Russian) to the shipbuilding department of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute. 4 years later, Zamyatin becomes a Bolshevik and takes part in the life of revolutionary student youth. There he meets his future wife, Lyudmila Nikolaevna Usova (1883-1965). In the summer of 1905, while returning from a trip to Egypt through Odessa, he witnessed an uprising on the battleship Prince Potemkin-Tavrichesky. In 1906 Zamyatin was arrested and sent back to Lebedyan. In the same year, he illegally returned to St. Petersburg and graduated from college.

During World War I, Zamyatin spoke out from an anti-war internationalist position; in 1914 he was put on trial and exiled to Kem. In March 1916, after serving his exile, Yevgeny Zamyatin was sent to England to participate in the construction of Russian icebreakers at the shipyards of Newcastle, Glasgow and Sunderland; visited London. He was one of the main designers of the icebreaker "St. Alexander Nevsky", which received after October revolution name "Lenin". In September 1917, Zamyatin returned to Russia.

During Civil War in Russia, while remaining a convinced socialist, Zamyatin criticized the policies of the Bolshevik government. In particular, in March 1919, he, along with many famous artists (A. A. Blok, A. M. Remizov, R. V. Ivanov-Razumnik, K. S. Petrov-Vodkin) was arrested during the workers provoked by the Left Social Revolutionaries unrest in the factories of Petrograd.

After the critical wave that followed the publication in 1929 of the novel “We” in an abbreviated form in the emigrant press, which led to his withdrawal from the Union of Writers of the USSR and an actual ban on publishing, he writes a letter to I.V. Stalin with a request to allow him to travel abroad , and receives a positive response. In 1934, already an emigrant, which is unprecedented, he was again admitted to the Union of Writers of the USSR, and in 1935 he participated in the anti-fascist Congress of Writers in Defense of Culture as a member of the Soviet delegation.

The writer died on March 10, 1937 in Paris. He was buried in the Paris Cemetery in Thie (division 21, line 5, grave 36).

Creation

In 1908, Zamyatin left the party and wrote his first story, “Alone.” Two years later, the aspiring author teaches at the shipbuilding department, works as an engineer, and at the same time finishes the story “The Girl.” In 1911, Zamyatin was expelled from St. Petersburg for illegal residence. Evgeny Ivanovich is forced to live in Lakhta, where he writes his first story “Uyezdnoe”. This work attracts the attention of literary connoisseurs and other writers, including Gorky. “In the middle of nowhere,” Zamyatin’s next story, also receives good reviews from critics.

In the spring of 1916, engineer Zamyatin was sent to England, where he created “The Islanders” and “The Catcher of Men.” Having returned, Evgeniy Ivanovich organizes a group of young writers “Serapion Brothers”. Members of this group were Mikhail Zoshchenko, Konstantin Fedin, Vsevolod Ivanov, Veniamin Kaverin, Nikolai Tikhonov and others. After the revolution, the above-mentioned story “On the Middle East”, which was previously banned, was published.

In 1920-1921, Zamyatin, influenced by Wells' fiction, worked on the novel "We", which is one of his main works. The decision to write a novel was influenced by the utopia written by the then Proletkult ideologists A. Bogdanov and A. Gastev. In this novel, engineer D-503 describes his life in a city-state under the rule of the "Benefactor". At the beginning, D-503, one of many numbers (as people are called), enthusiastically describes the organization - based on mathematics - of society. He doesn’t even think about the fact that he can live differently: without the “Green Wall”, apartments with glass walls, “State Newspaper”, “Bureau of Guardians” and the almighty “Benefactor”. But after meeting I-330, he becomes part of a group of revolutionaries seeking to continue the revolution and destroy the existing system in the city. This novel influenced the later dystopian novels of George Orwell (1984, published in 1948), R. D. Bradbury (Fahrenheit 451, 1953) and O. Huxley (Brave New World, 1932). ). “We” was published in Russian in 1952 in New York by the Publishing House named after. Chekhov, was first released in Russia only in 1988.

Zamyatin's subsequent works, including several plays, were not admitted Soviet power to the domestic public. In 1931, Yevgeny Ivanovich was allowed - with the help of Gorky - to travel abroad. He has since lived in Paris and continues to work on stories and film scripts, in particular, in collaboration with Jacques Compeneyts, he writes the script for Jean Renoir's film "At the Bottom". Zamyatin misses his homeland until his death.

Bibliography

Editions

• Zamyatin E.I. Favorites / Comp. and preparation text by O.N. Mikhailova. - M.: Pravda, 1989. - 463 p.

Name: Evgeniy Zamyatin

Age: 53 years old

Activity: writer

Family status: was married

Evgeny Zamyatin: biography

The biography of Evgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin is rich and complete interesting facts. No matter how much the state “broke” the writer, his spirit was not broken, the poet continued to do what he loved and fiercely defended his positions.

Evgeny Zamyatin was born on January 20 (February 1), 1884 in the Tambov province, in the city of Lebedyan. His father worked as a priest and taught the Word of God, and his mother was a pianist. At the age of 4, the boy was already reading Gogol and serious literature instead of the primer.

In 1893, the parents sent the child to the Lebedyansky gymnasium, where the future poet studied until 1896. Then the family moved to Voronezh, and the young man graduated from the Voronezh gymnasium with a gold medal in 1902. IN school time Zamyatin did an excellent job in the humanities, but mathematics was not good for him.

In 1902, the young man entered the Polytechnic Institute of St. Petersburg, the Faculty of Shipbuilding, where mathematical disciplines were studied primarily. In 1905, Yevgeny Ivanovich joined the Bolshevik faction of the RSDLP and, together with students, participated in revolutionary life. For this, the future writer was arrested, but was soon released thanks to the efforts of his mother.

In the summer of 1905, Zamyatin was returning from Egypt and witnessed an uprising on the battleship Potemkin. For this, the guy was arrested again and sent to Lebedyan. Later he returned to St. Petersburg illegally and graduated from the university in 1908. Young Evgeniy was educated as a marine engineer. For the next 2 years he worked as a teacher at the shipbuilding department.

Books

Zamyatin began to get involved in writing works in 1908, and then his first story “Alone” was published in the magazine “Education”. At the same time, he was working on another story, “The Girl.” In 1911, the authorities found the poet and exiled him to Lakhta for illegal residence. There he wrote his first story, “Uyezdnoye,” in which he revealed the problems of the world of the Russian province. Critics and writers noticed Zamyatin's work and praised it positively.

During the First World War, in 1914, the poet composed the story “In the Middle East”, where he spoke in vivid colors about the horror of life of a military detachment in Far East. For this, the authorities bring him to trial and exile him to Kem. After 2 years, Zamyatin was released and sent on a business trip to England. There he works as a chief designer of Russian icebreakers and supervises construction. At the same time, he wrote the book “Islanders”.

Yevgeny Zamyatin returned to Russia in September 1917 and 4 years later he created the organization of young writers “Serapion Brothers”. After the October Revolution, the story “In the Middle East” was published, which was banned at the beginning of the war.

In 1920, the poet wrote the novel “We”. The work did not comply with Soviet censorship and was not published. Without the author's consent, the book was printed in America in English, Czech and French. The dystopian novel tells the story of strict totalitarian control over the individual. Zamyatin's work aroused great interest abroad, but was criticized in the USSR.

The Soviet authorities criticized and persecuted the writer, and in 1929 Evgeniy Ivanovich wrote a letter in which he asked for permission to leave the country. After agreement in 1932, the poet moved to Paris, where he became an author for French newspapers. The main topics were the state of modern Russian prose and the art of the avant-garde. Despite his popularity in France, his works were not published in the Soviet Union.

In 1934, the poet was again accepted into the USSR Writers' Union. Members of the Union promoted communism and fought for peace and friendship of peoples. In 1935, Zamyatin took part in the anti-fascist Writers' Congress and was a member of the Soviet delegation.

In the bibliography Soviet writer there were 36 stories, the public especially remembered “The Cave”, written in 1920. The work was created in the style of Zamyatin and tells about the eerie atmosphere of the Stone Age. Evgeniy Ivanovich was inspired by ordinary life situations and based on them he wrote stories.

Another significant fantastic story became "Dragon", which was written in 1918. He became famous for a huge number of metaphors, and the reader does not immediately understand the meaning. The story seems to be intended for children, but after reading it several times, the reader discovers a completely different meaning. The work describes the harsh period of 1918, when the Civil War began in Russia.

For 10 years, from 1928 to 1937, Yevgeny Zamyatin worked on the historical narrative “Scythians,” but it was never completed. The last novel"The Scourge of God" became meaningful work writer. It tells about the decline of the Roman Empire, and the leader of the Huns, Attila, became the Scourge of God.

While in Paris, Zamyatin noticed that cinema was developing and tried himself as a screenwriter. So, together with Jacques Companez, the poet wrote the script for the film “At the Bottom.” In May 1935, Evgeniy Ivanovich contacted the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio and provided them with four ready-made scripts: “The Captive Tsar”, “Goya’s Great Love”, “The Scourge of God” and “ Queen of Spades" The Americans did not agree to cooperate with the writer, and he tried to start working in other film companies.

Personal life

The personal life of the Russian poet is quite unremarkable.

While a student, Zamyatin met his future wife Lyudmila Nikolaevna Usova. Married couple I hardly saw each other due to constant exile and moving, and they had no children.

Death

Evgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin died at the age of 53, on March 10, 1937. Death came unexpectedly, and its cause was an unknown serious illness that tormented the man.

The writer was buried in the Paris cemetery in Thiais. In 1965, his wife Lyudmila died. She was buried next to her husband, and the grave was made common.

• Evgeny Zamyatin laid his foundation in his youth gold medal to a pawnshop for 25 rubles.
• The writer designed the famous icebreaker "Nevsky", which received a new name "Lenin" after the October Revolution.
• The novels “1984” and “Fahrenheit 451” were written under the influence of Zamyatin.
• The writer’s creativity began not from desire, but from boredom during his first exile.

• Evgeniy Ivanovich wrote the science fiction novel “We” in 1920, but it began to be published in Russia only in 1988.
• "Us" became the world's first dystopian novel.
• Zamyatin wrote exclusively in the style of neorealism, and scientists could not understand the meaning of his works. They were full of folklore and mythological poetics, which only the writer understood. This is the result of artistic consciousness, which was formed among his ancestors.

Bibliography

• 1908 – “Alone”
• 1911 – “Girl”
• 1912 – “District”
• 1913 – “In the middle of nowhere”
• 1917 – “Islanders”
• 1914-1917 – collection of stories “Fairy Tales”
• 1917-1920 – collection of stories “Fairy Tales for Big Children”
• 1918 – “Dragon”
• 1920 – “Cave”
• 1920 – “We”
• 1935 – “The Scourge of God”

Evgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin was born on January 20 (February 1), 1884, in Lebedyan, into a family Orthodox priest. The mother of the future writer was a pianist.

At first, Evgeniy studied in local gymnasium classes. When he was twelve years old, his parents sent him to Voronezh for further education. In 1902, Zamyatin graduated from high school, receiving a gold medal.

Despite the fact that he was a humanist by vocation, after graduating from high school, Zamyatin entered the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, the Faculty of Shipbuilding.

Studying the biography of Yevgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin, you should know that in the summer of 1905 he witnessed an uprising on the battleship “Prince Potemkin Tauride”.

A year later, Zamyatin was arrested for “underground revolutionary activity” and deported to Lebedyan. But Evgeny Ivanovich did not remain in exile for long. A few months later he returned to St. Petersburg and graduated from college.

War years

The dates 1914-1916 became significant in the fate of Zamyatin. During the First World War, Evgeniy Ivanovich took an anti-war internationalist position. For this, he was declared by the authorities to be a pacifist, which, against the backdrop of patriotic sentiments, was a rather serious accusation.

Zamyatin was brought to trial and sent into exile in Kem. He stayed there until 1916. After that, Zamyatin was sent to England to build icebreakers. While in England, Zamyatin developed a project for the icebreaker “St. Alexander Nevsky”. After the revolution of 1917, the icebreaker received the name Lenin.

A month before the October Revolution, Yevgeny Ivanovich returned to his homeland.

Civil War years

According to his convictions, Zamyatin remained a convinced socialist. At the same time, he mercilessly criticized the Bolsheviks. He believed that methods of terror were unacceptable and violence could not be eradicated by more violence.

In March 1919, the Left Social Revolutionaries provoked unrest in Petrograd factories. Zamyatin was arrested. At the same time, his like-minded people were arrested - K. S. Petrov-Vodkin, R. V. Ivanov-Razumnik, A. M. Remizov, A. A. Blok.

Creative path

Zamyatin was closely associated with the Serapion Brothers. He began writing his first stories while still studying at the institute. First significant work The writer is the story “The Islanders”, written and published in 1917. According to some critics, this work is the forerunner of the famous novel “We”.

“The Islanders” is in many ways a grotesque work that describes the life and way of life of the English. The writer knew the British well and deliberately portrayed them not very believably. Researchers creative heritage Zamyatin believe that this story contains all the cliches about England that have “survived” to this day.

In 1920, Zamyatin wrote the novel “We,” which aroused great interest abroad. The novel was translated and published in the United States. This work was not published in the USSR, but was mercilessly criticized.

The writer's work was quite fruitful. Later he wrote such plays as “The Flea”, “Atilla”, “Society of Honorary Bell Ringers”.

Death

Other biography options

• In 1929, Zamyatin left the Writers' Union. After this, it was no longer published in the USSR. Zamyatin wrote a letter to Stalin, in which he briefly outlined the reasons that prompted him to emigrate and asked for appropriate permission. The request was granted.
• As a youth, he pawned his gold medal in a pawnshop, but was unable to redeem it. The mortgage amount was quite large at that time - 25 rubles.

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Russian literature Silver Age

Evgeniy Ivanovich Zamyatin

Biography

ZAMYATIN, EVGENY IVANOVICH (1884−1937), Russian writer. Born on January 20 (February 1), 1884 in the city of Lebedyan, Tambov province. (now Lipetsk region) in the family of a poor nobleman. In addition to the impressions from the nature of those places with which many Russian writers were in one way or another connected - Tolstoy, Turgenev, Bunin, Leskov, Sergeev-Tsensky - home education had a great influence on Zamyatin. “I grew up under the piano: my mother is a good musician,” he wrote in his Autobiography. - I already read Gogol at four. Childhood is almost without comrades: comrades are books.” The impressions of Lebedyan's life were later embodied in the stories Uezdnoe (1912) and Alatyr (1914).

In 1886 Zamyatin entered the Voronezh gymnasium. After graduating with a gold medal, in 1902 he entered the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute at the shipbuilding department. Summer practice gave the future writer the opportunity to travel. Zamyatin visited Sevastopol, Nizhny Novgorod, Odessa, at the Kama factories, sailed on a ship to Constantinople, Smyrna, Beirut, Port Said, Jaffa, Alexandria, Jerusalem. In 1905, while in Odessa, he witnessed an uprising on the battleship Potemkin, which he later wrote about in the story Three Days (1913). Returning to St. Petersburg, he took part in revolutionary activities Bolsheviks, for which he was arrested and spent several months in solitary confinement. Zamyatin used this time to study English language and write poetry. Then he was exiled to Lebedyan, but returned illegally to St. Petersburg, from where he was expelled again in 1911, after graduating from the institute.

Zamyatin’s literary debut dates back to 1908. His real success was brought to him by publication in the St. Petersburg magazine “Testaments” ( Chief Editor- critic R. Ivanov-Razumnik) story Uezdnoe. In Uyezdny, the writer depicted an inert, frozen provincial life, the symbol of which was the bestial and ruthless everyman Anfim Baryba. Zamyatin likened him to “an old resurrected Kurgan woman, an absurd Russian stone woman.” The story was highly appreciated by contemporaries - including writers A. Remizov and M. Prishvin. Seven years later, A. M. Gorky wrote about Zamyatin: “He wants to write like a European, gracefully, sharply, with a skeptical grin, but so far he has not written anything better than Uezdny.” Critics found motifs in the story similar to F. Sologub's The Little Demon. V. Polonsky wrote about Zamyatin’s ruthless truthfulness and at the same time noted: “Sympathy for a dirty, downtrodden, even wild man comes through in his pages.”

Zamyatin attributed his prose to literary direction which he called neorealism. The style of his works is partly correlated with the “ornamental prose” of A. Remizov, but Zamyatin brought this style to grotesque surrealism.

For the anti-war story In the middle of nowhere (1913), the heroes of which are not only Far Eastern officers and soldiers, but also the entire “driven into the middle of nowhere Rus'”, Zamyatin was brought to court, and the issue of the magazine “Testaments”, in which the story was published, was confiscated. Critic A. Voronsky believed that the story In the Middle East is political artistic satire, which “makes clear much of what happened later, after 1914.” Being a highly qualified marine engineer, Zamyatin continued his business trips around Russia. Impressions from a trip to Kem and Solovki in 1915 were reflected in a series of works about the Russian North - in particular, in the story North.

In 1916, Zamyatin was sent to England to participate in the construction of Russian icebreakers at the shipyards of Newcastle, Glasgow and Sunderland; visited London. He was one of the main designers of the icebreaker "St. Alexander Nevsky", named "Lenin" after the October Revolution. English impressions formed the basis of both numerous essays and the stories The Islanders (1917) and The Fisher of Men (1921). Respect for the people who provided high level the development of civilization did not prevent the writer from seeing the shortcomings of the Western social system. The story The Islanders is dedicated to the depiction of total philistinism in a technocratic society, the symbol of which in this work is Vicar Duly.

In 1917 Zamyatin returned to Petrograd. Soon he became one of the most prominent figures in Russian literary life. He influenced the literary group “Serapion Brothers”, with whom he was creatively close. He taught at the Polytechnic Institute, taught a course in modern Russian literature at the Pedagogical Institute. Herzen and the course of technology literary prose in the studio of the House of Arts, worked on the editorial board of World Literature, on the board of the All-Russian Union of Writers, in the Grzhebin and Alkonost publishing houses, edited several literary magazines. At the same time, he was skeptical about “all sorts of worldwide undertakings” that arose against the background of the destruction of civilized life. Trips to the Tambov, Vologda, and Pskov provinces also did not contribute to historical optimism. In the stories Mamai (1920) and The Cave (1921), Zamyatin compared the era of military communism with the prehistoric, cave period of human development.

Observations on totalitarian society artistically embodied in the fantastic dystopian novel We (1920, published in Russian in 1952 in the USA). The novel was conceived as a parody of the utopia written by Proletkult ideologists A. Bogdanov and A. Gastev. The main idea of ​​the Proletcult utopia was proclaimed to be a global reorganization of the world based on “the destruction of the soul and the feeling of love in man.” The action of the novel We takes place in the United State, isolated from the world and headed by the Benefactor. Main character- engineer D-503, creator of a structure designed for human domination over space. Existence in the United State is rationalized, residents are completely deprived of the right to privacy, love is reduced to regular satisfaction physiological need. D-503's attempt to love a woman leads him to betrayal and his beloved to death. The narrative style in which the novel is written is noticeably different from the style of Zamyatin’s previous works: the language here is extremely simple, the metaphors are rationalistic in nature, the text is abundant technical terms. The novel We became the first in a series of European dystopian novels - Brave New World by O. Huxley, Animal Farm and 1984 by J. Orwell, Fahrenheit 451 by R. Bradbury and others. Zamyatin sent the manuscript We to the Berlin branch of the Grzhebin publishing house. In 1924 the text was translated into English and published in New York. Despite the lack of publications in the USSR, the novel was ideologically destroyed by Soviet critics who read it in manuscript. D. Furmanov saw in We “an evil utopian pamphlet about the kingdom of communism, where everything is equalized and emasculated.” Other critics felt that Zamyatin was ready to take the path of the average man grumbling about the revolution. In 1929, Zamyatin Bloch's play (1925, staged by Levsha Leskov) was removed from the Moscow Art Theater repertoire, and the production of his tragedy Atilla (1928) was banned. The play about the persecution of heretics, The Fires of St. Dominic (1923), was also not staged. In 1931, realizing the futility of his further existence in the USSR, Zamyatin turned to Stalin with a letter in which he asked for permission to go abroad, motivating his request by the fact that for him “as a writer, deprivation of the opportunity to write is a death sentence.” The decision to emigrate was not easy for Zamyatin. Love for the motherland, patriotism, which permeate, for example, the story Rus (1923), is one of the best evidence Thanks to the petition of M. Gorky in 1932, Zamyatin was able to travel to France. Zamyatin died in Paris on March 10, 1937. PS The most complete work on Zamyatin’s work is still the only one scientific biography, which was published in 1968 in Los Angeles by the famous American researcher Alex Michael Shane.

The Russian writer and literary figure Evgeniy Ivanovich Zamyatin was born into the family of a poor nobleman on January 20, 1884 in the city of Lebedyan, Tambov province. Already in 1886, Zamyatin entered the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute at the shipbuilding faculty. He took direct part in the Bolshevik revolutionary movements in St. Petersburg, where he was arrested for several months. Then the writer was sent to Lebedyan, from where he returned illegally to St. Petersburg.

The writer's literary debut was in 1908. Zamyatin’s story “Uyezdnoe,” published in a magazine called “Testaments,” brought real success to Zamyatin. This work received quite high praise from contemporaries.

The writer was brought to trial for his anti-war story “In the Middle of nowhere” in terms of spirit. Being a highly qualified marine engineer, Zamyatin carried out business trips throughout Russia. He was sent to England in 1916 specifically for the construction of Russian icebreakers. English impressions served as the basis for numerous essays and stories.

In 1917, Zamyatin returned to Petrograd again, becoming the most famous figure in literary history. Russian life. The writer was active in teaching and actively participated in various publishing houses.

In 1931, the writer, realizing the futility of his further existence in the USSR as a writer, turned to Stalin with permission to go abroad. Already in 1932, the poet traveled to France. Evgeniy Ivanovich Zamyatin died in Paris on March 10, 1937.

1884 in the Lipetsk region. His father was a boyar and had a great influence on his son. At the same time, he was a priest and taught at local educational institutions. Mother, Maria Alexandrovna, was a very educated and intelligent woman. She admired the classic literary works, was fond of playing the piano. Evgeny Zamyatin adopted many of his mother’s qualities and followed in her footsteps. He thought the same way and was interested in the same things as his mother. The relationship with my father was no worse. They understood each other perfectly, and Zamyatin always listened to his father’s advice.

Zamyatin's biography indicates that the writer devoted his entire life to making his parents proud of him. He dreamed of conveying his thoughts to the people, he wanted his works to be read and thought about.

Childhood and youth of Evgeny Zamyatin

Initially, Zamyatin entered the Lebedyanskaya gymnasium, in this educational institution his father was teaching at the time. Then, at the age of 9, the writer was sent to the Voronezh gymnasium, from which he successfully graduated with a gold medal in 1902. After studying at the gymnasium, he went to study at the Polytechnic Institute at the Faculty of Shipbuilding. Simultaneously with his studies at the institute, he was engaged in campaigning at rallies. The institute itself was located in St. Petersburg, but during summer internship the writer began to travel to other cities. Upon his return, Zamyatin spoke out in support of the Bolsheviks and actively contributed to the left movement. For this he was taken into custody, and he spent several months of his life in solitary confinement. During this difficult time he taught foreign language(English) and tried to write poetry. Zamyatin had a lot of free time, and he decided to use it wisely. After 2 months he was sent to Lebedyan, but Evgeniy secretly returned from there to St. Petersburg. After which he was sent back again. In 1911 he graduated from the Zamyatin Institute. short biography and him life story worthy of posterity knowing about it.

The author's first stories

Zamyatin's biography itself is very rich. Each period in his life brought him something new. Zamyatin found himself at the peak of fame when his story “Uyezdnoe” was published in the magazine “Zavety”. In this story, he wrote about the simple, routine life of Anfim Baryba, embittered and offended by the whole world. The work created a sensation among readers.

Zamyatin believed that the style of his works was very close to neorealism, but despite this, he still turned his work into grotesque surrealism. Two years later, Zamyatin was summoned to the courtroom for his anti-war story "In the Middle East." After this incident, the magazine in which his phenomenal work “Uyezdnoe” was published was confiscated. The famous critic Voronsky expressed his opinion that, in essence, this story was a kind of political mockery, describing the events that took place after 1914.

Achievements of Evgeny Zamyatin

His biography can tell about the heights and falls of the author. Evgeny Zamyatin was an experienced marine engineer. He traveled a lot, constantly traveling around Russia in accordance with his official plan. In 1915, the story “North” was written, in which he described all his emotions remaining from the trip to Solovki. Already in 1916, Zamyatin was involved in the construction of Russian icebreakers in England. These were the shipyard icebreakers of Newcastle, Glasgow and Sunderland. He supervised the entire construction process in London. The author outlined his memories of this period of his life in the stories “Islanders” and “Fisher of Men.” England became a new impetus for the author to rethink his ideas and life positions. The trip greatly affected the writer’s creativity, his works and life in general.

Zamyatin had great respect for people who contributed to the development of modern society, but this did not stop him from drawing attention to the shortcomings of Western society. In 1917, Zamyatin arrived in Petrograd. The biography says that he became one of the most popular authors of Russian literature at that time. Readers appreciated his works, critics spoke well of them.

Extremely close relationship with literary group had Zamyatin. A short biography of the author describes that he began giving lectures at the Polytechnic Institute, talked about the news of Russian literature in and was involved in youth development in many other universities. Despite the fact that he worked with students, Zamyatin did not believe that he was capable of bringing to life some large-scale undertaking; he did not see the potential in himself creative personality. Since everything that surrounded him seemed meaningless to Zamyatin, people ceased to be people for him.

In the stories "Mamai" and "Cave" the author expressed his point of view on communism. For him, this idea was equated with the evolutionary stage of human development, the movement of the caveman to a higher being. Zamyatin thought so. His biography also confirms this belief.

The main idea of ​​the proletkult utopia in the eyes of Zamyatin

Evgeny Zamyatin believed that it was necessary to explain to people that total changes in modern world are based on the destruction of human moral qualities. Against the backdrop of this opinion, Zamyatin released it in America in 1920. His biography and work aroused interest in the West. Due to the fact that the work was written in Russian, the writer sent it to the Berlin printing company Grzhebin for his full translation into English. The novel was successfully translated, after which it was published in New York. Although the novel was not published in the USSR, critics reacted to it very harshly.

20s

In the 20s, Zamyatin's biography was marked by the release of new works. He worked hard all this time. He wrote a number of plays: “The Society of Honorary Bell Ringers”, “Atilla”, “The Flea”. These works were also not appreciated, since not a single critic understood his ideology of life in the Soviet Union.

Letter to Stalin

In 1931, Zamyatin realized that he had nothing more to do in the USSR, and went to Stalin to deliver his letter. The letter discussed the possibility of moving abroad. He argued that the worst punishment that can be for an author is a ban on creating. He thought long enough about his move. Despite all the contradictions, he loved his homeland very much and was a patriot at heart. So, he created the story “Rus”, published back in 1923. This was a clear proof of love for the motherland and an explanation of the point of view of such a great man as Yevgeny Zamyatin. The biography briefly reports that in 1932 the author, with the help of Gorky, was nevertheless able to go to live in France.

Life in Paris

When Zamyatin arrived in Paris, he lived there with Soviet citizenship. He was engaged in the promotion of Russian literature, cinema, and theater abroad. The main story written by Zamyatin abroad is “The Scourge of God.” It was last piece creator He painted it in Paris in 1938. It was very difficult for Zamyatin to adapt to life in another country; the writer missed his homeland greatly, and all his thoughts focused on extraneous things, and not on creativity. He tried to give all the stories he wrote to the Russians, since on principle he did not want to publish anything abroad. This was not his path at all. He carefully observed what was happening in parallel in Russia. Only many years later in his homeland they began to treat him differently. People realized what kind of author they had lost.

The last years of the life of Evgeny Zamyatin

Zamyatin's biography is very confusing and unpredictable. No one knew that in the end everything would turn out this way for the writer. In May 1934, Zamyatin was accepted into the Writers' Union, however, this happened in his absence. And in 1935, he was actively involved in work in the Anti-Fascist Congress for the Defense of Culture along with Soviet delegates.

Death of Evgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin

The author died on March 10, 1937. He was buried on the outskirts of Paris, in the cemetery in Thieu. After these long difficult years, belated recognition came when Evgeniy Ivanovich Zamyatin died. His biography confirms that only after the death of the great writer his works were truly appreciated. He would be very proud that his efforts were not in vain, and the works he wrote went down in the history of the world and Russian literature. He finally became famous. Unfortunately, the author himself did not live to see the day when the public was able to accept and understand his complex works.