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Short biography of Viktor Vasnetsov

Vasnetsov Viktor Mikhailovich - an outstanding Russian painter; one of the founders of Russian Art Nouveau. Vasnetsov was also an architect and was fond of folk painting. Born on May 15, 1848 in the village of Lopyal, located in the Vyatka province. The father of the future artist was a priest. In addition to Victor, the family had five more children. The younger brother Apollinarius was also famous in artistic circles. The surname of the Vasnetsovs had ancient Vyatka origins.

The boy's talent manifested itself at an early age, but due to the lack of money, he was sent to a theological school, and then to seminary. Children of priests were admitted to such institutions free of charge. At the age of 19, Vasnetsov, leaving the seminary halfway through, went to enter the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. He had very little money, but the sale of two of his paintings: "The Milkmaid" and "The Reaper" helped out. Drawing lessons were once given to him by the gymnasium teacher N.G. Chernyshev and I.N. Kramskoy. In St. Petersburg, he was able to hone his skills in painting.

For the first time, the works of the young artist were presented at one of the academic exhibitions in 1869. Already in his early paintings, the author's handwriting and a penchant for the Art Nouveau style were traced. In 1878, Viktor Mikhailovich moved to Moscow, where he developed an illustrative and folklore direction. The artist created all his best works in this city. He painted canvases on historical themes, epic heroes, characters of Russian fairy tales.

Vasnetsov's art did not go unnoticed, so his works adorned the pages of such magazines as "World of Art". His work had a great influence on the artists of the Art Nouveau period and members of the Abramtsevo circle. In Moscow, he was fortunate enough to communicate with Mamontov and Tretyakov. Together with V. Polenov, he built a temple in the "Russian style". In addition, he designed the facade of the Tretyakov Gallery, his own workshop house, Tsvetkov Gallery and many other buildings in the city. In 1885 he moved to Kiev to paint the Vladimir Cathedral.

After ten years of painstaking work, they began to revered him as a great Russian icon painter. However, the peak of his creative career was the painting "Three Heroes", presented at the artist's personal exhibition in 1899. V.M. Vasnetsov died in 1926 in his Moscow workshop. Until the end of his life, he did not let go of his hand. The last thing he worked on was a portrait of his friend and student Nesterov.

Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov (1848 - 1926) - Russian artist, famous for his depictions of historical and folklore scenes.

Biography of Viktor Vasnetsov

Vasnetsov was born on May 3, 1848 in a small village in the Vyatka province in the family of a priest. Education in the biography of Vasnetsov was received at the Vyatka Theological Seminary. But the artistic style of Vasnetsov improved during his studies at the school of arts in St. Petersburg. The final moment of training was the graduation from the Academy of Arts in 1873.

After graduating from the Academy, he traveled abroad. He began to exhibit his works in 1869, first participating in the expositions of the Academy, then - in exhibitions of the Itinerants.

Member of the mammoth circle in Abramtsevo.

In 1893 Vasnetsov became a full member of the Academy of Arts. After 1905, he was close to the Union of the Russian People, although he was not a member of it, he participated in the financing and design of monarchist publications, including the Book of Russian Sorrow.

In 1912 he was granted "the dignity of the nobility of the Russian Empire with all descending descendants."

In 1915 he participated in the establishment of the Society for the Revival of Artistic Rus', along with many other artists of his time.

Viktor Vasnetsov died on July 23, 1926 in Moscow, was buried at the Lazarevskoye cemetery, after the destruction of which the ashes were transferred to the Vvedenskoye cemetery.

Vasnetsov's creativity

In Vasnetsov's work, various genres are vividly presented, which have become stages of a very interesting evolution: from everyday life to a fairy tale, from easel painting to monumental painting, from the earthiness of the Itinerants to the prototype of the Art Nouveau style.

At an early stage, everyday subjects predominated in Vasnetsov's works, for example, in the paintings From Apartment to Apartment (1876), Military Telegram (1878), Bookstore (1876), Balagans in Paris (1877).

Later, the main direction became the epic and historical - "The Knight at the Crossroads" (1882), "After the Battle of Igor Svyatoslavich with the Polovtsy" (1880), "Alyonushka" (1881), "Ivan Tsarevich on the Gray Wolf" (1889), "Heroes "(1881-1898)," Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible "(1897).

In the late 1890s, an increasingly prominent place in his work is occupied by a religious theme (works in the Vladimir Cathedral in Kiev and in the Church of the Resurrection (Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood) in St. Petersburg, watercolor drawings and, in general, preparatory originals of wall paintings for the cathedral St. Vladimir, the painting of the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist in Presnya.

Vasnetsov worked in a team of artists who decorated the interior of the Alexander Nevsky memorial church in Sofia.

After 1917, Vasnetsov continued to work on folk fairy-tale themes, creating the canvases "Fight of Dobrynya Nikitich with the seven-headed Serpent Gorynych" (1918); "Koschey the Immortal" (1917-1926).

One fact from the biography of V.M. Vasnetsov.

Having arrived from distant Siberia to enter the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, the young man was very worried. On the exam, he drew everything that was asked and began to look around. To his horror, he noticed that the entrant standing behind the neighboring easel was skeptically examining his drawing and even frankly grinning, almost laughing.

"Everything - failed!" - decided Vasnetsov and came to such despair that he did not even begin to find out the results of the exam. After spending several days in a strange city, the future artist entered the Drawing School of I.N. Kramskoy, hoping to learn more and try his luck next year.

Imagine his amazement when, again coming to submit documents to the Academy of Arts, he found out that he had entered for the first time and had been in his first year for a year!

Bibliography

• Kulzhenko S. V. Cathedral of St. Equal to the Apostles Prince Vladimir in Kiev. - Kiev: S.V. Kulzhenko Publishing House, 1898.
• Bahrevsky V.A.Victor Vasnetsov. - M .: Young Guard, 1989. - (The life of wonderful people). - ISBN 5-235-00367-5.
• Butina N. Yu. Vasnetsov Viktor Mikhailovich: Afterword // Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate. - 1994. - No. 7/8. - S. 124-125.
• Iovleva L.I.Victor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov. - L .: Artist of the RSFSR, 1964 .-- 56 p. - (People's Library for Art). - 20,000 copies.
• Kudryavtseva L. Vasnetsov. - M .: White City, 1999 .-- ISBN 5-7793-0163-8.

Born in the village of Lopyal, Vyatka province. The son of the village priest Mikhail Vasilyevich Vasnetsov and Apollinaria Ivanovna. In total, the family had six children, including Apollinary Vasnetsov, an artist known for his picturesque reconstructions of old, pre-Petrine Moscow.

He received his primary education at the Vyatka Theological Seminary. In 1868-1875 he studied at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. In 1876 he was in Paris, then in Italy. Since 1874 he constantly participated in exhibitions of the Itinerants. In 1892 he received the title of academician. Like many Russian artists of that time, he strove to go beyond the canons of academic art.

Since 1878, Vasnetsov settled in Moscow, where he painted the most famous paintings and developed an illustrative and folklore direction of creativity. Contemporaries were amazed by the huge canvases on historical themes and themes of Russian fairy tales and epics - "After the Battle", "Heroes", etc.

Vasnetsov's art gave rise to heated discussions. Many saw in him the beginning of a new, truly national trend in Russian painting. But the majority considered his painting uninteresting, and attempts to revive the Byzantine and Old Russian styles were fruitless. Particular controversy arose after the publication of the first issue of the magazine "World of Art" in 1898, where Vasnetsov's work was also presented. “I couldn’t approve of the fact that in the very first issue, which, after all, had the meaning of a well-known credo of our ideals and aspirations, half of the illustrations were devoted to the artist towards whom I developed a certain negative attitude, namely to Viktor Vasnetsov” - A.N. was indignant. Benoit. A little later, Mikhail Nesterov wrote: "Dozens of Russian outstanding artists originate from a national source - the talent of Viktor Vasnetsov."

Nevertheless, the work of V.M. Vasnetsov influenced the artists of the Art Nouveau period and, especially, the artists of the Abramtsevo circle S.I. Mamontov, one of the organizers of which and an active participant he was in the 1880s. Vasnetsov performed costumes and sets for productions at the Mamontov Theater; in 1881, together with V. Polenov, he built a church in the "Russian style" in Abramtsevo. Later, he designed and implemented many buildings: his own house and workshop in the 3rd Troitsky lane (now Vasnetsov), the Tsvetkov gallery on Prechistenskaya embankment, the facade of the main building of the Tretyakov gallery in Lavrushinsky lane, etc.

In 1885-1896 he took part in the work on the murals of the Vladimir Cathedral in Kiev. He continued to turn to the religious theme in the mosaics for the Church of the Ascension in St. Petersburg, in the murals and mosaics of the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist in Presnya, etc.

He was married to Alexandra Vladimirovna Ryazantseva. He had sons: Boris, Alexei, Mikhail, Vladimir and daughter Tatyana.

He died in Moscow in his studio while working on a portrait. Buried at the Lazarevskoye cemetery. Later, his ashes were transferred to the Vvedenskoye cemetery in Moscow.

Vasnetsov Viktor Mikhailovich a short biography of the famous Russian artist is presented in this article.

Viktor Vasnetsov short biography

Vasnetsov Viktor Mikhailovich was born on May 15, 1848 in the remote Vyatka village of Lopyal in a large family of a rural priest. Since childhood, Victor loved to listen to folk tales and songs, legends. They engendered in the boy a love for Russian folk art.

The boy's talent manifested itself at an early age, but due to lack of money, he was sent to a theological school, and then a seminary. Children of priests were admitted there free of charge. However, the craving for art led the 19-year-old seminarian from Vyatka to St. Petersburg, to the Academy of Arts.

While studying at the Academy, the young artist worked a lot (as an engraver and draftsman, he collaborated with a number of Petersburg magazines.). With great interest he created illustrations for the alphabet. But most of all, the artist was captured by thoughts about the heroic strength of Russian soldiers, about beauty, about freedom.

In 1876 Vasnetsov came to Paris at the invitation of Repin. At the exhibition, the artist's attention was drawn to a large painting about fairy knights. And again he remembered his idea of ​​creating a picture dedicated to the Russian heroes.

In the summer of 1881 goals Vasnetsov painted sketches in Abramtsevo and began to work on the painting "Heroes". But only in 1898, Vasnetsov finished this picture.

Since 1893 Vasnetsov became a full member of the Russian Academy of Arts.

In 1899 Vasnetsov opened his first exhibition in Moscow, the painting "Heroes" became the central work on it.

Vasnetsov Viktor Mikhailovich, Russian painter.

He studied in St. Petersburg at the Drawing School of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts (1867-68) under I. N. Kramskoy and at the Academy of Arts (1868-75), of which he became a full member in 1893. Since 1878, a member of the Association of Itinerants. Visited France (1876) and Italy (1885). He lived in St. Petersburg and Moscow. During his studies, he made drawings for magazines and cheap folk products (“Narodnaya Azbuka” by Stolpyansky, published in 1867; “Taras Bulba” by NV Gogol, published in 1874).

In the 1870s. came out with small genre paintings, carefully painted mainly in a grayish-brown color scheme. In scenes of street and domestic life of small merchants and officials, urban poor and peasants, Vasnetsov, with great observation, captured various types of contemporary society ("From apartment to apartment", 1876, "Military Telegram", 1878, both in the Tretyakov Gallery).

In the 1880s, leaving genre painting, he created works on themes of national history, Russian epics and folk tales, devoting almost completely all his further work to them. One of the first Russian artists who turned to Russian folklore, Vasnetsov strove to impart an epic character to his works, to embody age-old folk ideals and lofty patriotic feelings in a poetic form.

Vasnetsov created the paintings “After the Battle of Igor Svyatoslavich with the Polovtsy” (1880), “Alyonushka” (1881), imbued with sincere poetry, “Ivan Tsarevich on the Gray Wolf” (1889), “Heroes” (1881-98), full of faith in heroic forces of the people, “Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible” (1897, all in the Tretyakov Gallery).

With the general orientation of Vasnetsov's easel painting of the 1880-1890s. his work for the theater is closely related. The scenery and costumes for the fairy-tale play “The Snow Maiden” by A. N. Ostrovsky (staged at S. I. Mamontov's home theater in 1882) and the opera of the same name by N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov (at the Moscow private Russian opera S. I. Mamontov in 1886), executed according to Vasnetsov's sketches - an example of a creative interpretation of genuine archaeological and ethnographic material - had a great influence on the development of Russian theatrical and decorative art in the late 19th - early 20th centuries.

Landscape backgrounds of Vasnetsov's works on fabulous and historical themes, imbued with a deeply national feeling of native nature, sometimes remarkable for the lyrical spontaneity of its perception ("Alyonushka"), or epic in character ("After the Battle of Igor Svyatoslavich with the Polovtsy"), played an important role in the development of Russian landscape painting.

In 1883-85 Vasnetsov completed the monumental panel “Stone Age” for the Historical Museum in Moscow, in 1885-96 - most of the murals in the Vladimir Cathedral in Kiev. In the murals of the Vladimir Cathedral, Vasnetsov tried to bring spiritual content and emotionality into the traditional system of church monumental painting, which in the second half of the 19th century. fell into complete decay.

Vasnetsov's painting in the mature period, distinguished by the desire for a monumental and decorative artistic language, the muffled sound of generalized color spots, and sometimes even an appeal to symbolism, anticipates the modern style that later became widespread in Russia. Vasnetsov also performed a number of portraits (A.M. Vasnetsov, 1878; Ivan Petrov, 1883; both in the Tretyakov Gallery), illustrations for A. Pushkin's “Song of the Prophetic Oleg” (watercolor, 1899, Literary Museum, Moscow).

According to his drawings, the church and the fabulous "Hut on Chicken Legs" were built in Abramtsevo (near Moscow; 1883), the facade of the Tretyakov Gallery was built (1902). In Soviet times, Vasnetsov continued to work on folk fairy-tale themes ("The battle of Dobrynya Nikitich with the seven-headed Serpent Gorynych", 1918; "Kashchei the Immortal", 1917-26; both paintings are in the House-Museum of V.M. Vasnetsov in Moscow).