Why is chemistry needed in human life. The value of chemistry in the life of society. The role of chemistry for sustainable development

Significance of chemistry in modern society

Chemical knowledge is a powerful force in the hands of mankind. Knowledge of the properties of chemical substances and methods of obtaining them not only allows one to study and understand nature, but also to obtain new, still unknown substances, to assume the existence of substances with the necessary properties.

But chemistry can also pose a danger to humans and the environment. Noted science fiction writer and chemist Isaac Asimov wrote: “Chemistry is death packed in cans and boxes.” And what has been said is true not only for chemistry, but also for electricity, radio electronics, and transport. We cannot live without electricity, but a bare wire is deadly, cars help us move around, but people often die under their wheels. The use by mankind of the achievements of modern science and technology, including chemistry, requires deep knowledge and a high general culture.

Only responsible, rational use of natural resources can become the key to the sustainable development of our civilization!

Chemistry in everyday life

Without chemistry, it is impossible to imagine the modern life of people. And not only indirectly, through the use of food, clothing, footwear, fuel, housing, but also directly, through the use of glass, plastic, porcelain and faience products, medicines, disinfectants, cosmetics, various adhesives, varnishes, paints, food additives, etc.

Various detergents have finally entered our everyday life. But besides soaps and shampoos, we use many other products, in particular bleaches. The action of most of them is based on the properties of chlorine-containing compounds, which are strong oxidizing agents. Some products are labeled "Chlorine Free". Such products contain other strong oxidizing agents, such as sodium perborate NaBO 2 . H2O2. 3H 2 O or sodium percarbonate Na 2 CO 3 . 1.5H2O2. H 2 O. Hard water can damage washing machines, so we use water softeners.

Creation of new materials

The creation of new materials is a necessity of modern life. Materials with new, improved properties should replace obsolete ones. New materials are also required by high-tech industries: space and nuclear technology, electronics. For practical needs, metals, polymers, ceramics, dyes, fibers and much more are needed.

Composites occupy a special place among new materials. In many properties - strength, toughness - composites significantly exceed traditional materials, due to which the society's demand for them is constantly growing. More and more resources are spent on the creation of composites, and the main consumers of composites today are the automotive and space industries (Fig. 40.1).

Biomaterials

With the development of medicine, there was a need to replace organs and tissues in the human body. Materials that can be used to make various implants are created in chemical laboratories. Metal prostheses are easy to manufacture, very strong, chemically inert, and relatively cheap. The main disadvantage of metals is that they are subject to corrosion, due to which the mechanical strength is reduced, and the body is poisoned by ions of metal elements. Quite promising for the manufacture of implants are titanium alloys (for example, Ti-Al-V). They are strong, relatively light and resistant to corrosion.

Today, ceramic bioimplants are being used more and more. Ceramics is a wonderful biomaterial: it is durable and does not corrode. In addition, ceramics are not abraded, which is important for artificial joints, and is also characterized by biocompatibility.

Rice. 40.1. The use of composite materials: carbon fabric (carbon fiber) (a) is used to reinforce parts of bicycles and cars, hulls of kayaks and small boats are made of fiberglass (b) and even entire houses (c)

Rice. 40.2. Modern biomaterials are used for the manufacture of artificial joints and multifunctional limb prostheses.

Rational use of natural raw materials

Nature seems to be an inexhaustible pantry from which humanity takes the necessary raw materials. Over the past 20 years, more minerals have been consumed than in the entire history of mankind. About 100 billion tons of rocks are mined and processed annually in the world. Many sources of raw materials have already been depleted, so the problem of raw materials is acute. Already today, many countries lack certain natural resources. Ukraine, for example, lacks oil and natural gas.

The integrated use of raw materials and waste is the basis of combined industries (various chemical, chemical with metallurgical, etc.). It is necessary to introduce non-waste technologies, i.e. such production processes in which waste from one production becomes raw materials (reagents) for another.

An inexhaustible source of raw materials are industrial and household waste. The task of chemists is to develop methods for the efficient use of such waste. The use of secondary raw materials makes it possible to save natural raw materials and energy, as well as reduce the cost of the product, since resource costs are 2-3 times (and for some types up to 6 times) less than production from primary raw materials. For example, smelting steel from scrap metal requires 6-7 times less energy costs and 25 times cheaper than making steel from ore.

Key Idea

Chemistry has entered into all spheres of life and activity of mankind. In our daily life we ​​use many products of the chemical industry. Chemistry allows you to create new materials that do not exist in nature.

test questions

486. Name the chemical products that you use in everyday life.

487. Give examples of the adverse effects of chemicals and technologies on the environment or humans.

488. Describe what your life would be like if there were no chemical products in it.

489. Describe the role of chemistry in the creation of new materials, in solving energy and raw materials problems.

Tasks for mastering the material

490*. Find out from adults if there are chemical enterprises in your city, village, region. Which? What do they produce? How do they affect the environment? Can a person refuse the products of these industries? Justify the answer.

491* Find information in additional sources about the principles of environmental management and the importance of chemistry in the implementation of these principles.

This is textbook material.

By investigating the processes taking place in nature and discovering the laws that govern them, chemistry, together with other natural sciences, forms the basis of the chemical industry and the chemicalization of the country's national economy.

The chemical industry pursues the goal of supplying the national economy with various substances, materials, and products obtained by it by changing the composition or structure of the starting materials, that is, by chemical methods. These methods of chemical industry are supplied by chemistry, together with mechanics, physics and other natural sciences, which develop under the influence of the requirements of material production. The chemical industry, with its needs, has a decisive influence on the development of chemical science.

Chemicalization of the national economy is the introduction of chemical methods of processing materials and products of the chemical industry in all sectors of production, culture and everyday life. It is, as we have seen above, one of the main directions of scientific and technological progress, the creation of the material and technical basis of communism. Chemicalization accelerates technological progress, making an invaluable contribution to the improvement of materials, tools, and production technology. It contributes to increasing labor productivity and creating an abundance of products necessary for the comprehensive satisfaction of people's needs. For the implementation of the chemicalization of the national economy, it is necessary to develop chemical science and the chemical industry, to disseminate chemical knowledge among the people.

From this one can see the importance of chemistry in the construction of a communist society. Let us consider in more detail the role of chemistry in modern life.

Solid, liquid and gaseous fuels are of paramount importance for industry, agriculture, transport, national defense and everyday life. Chemistry has a prominent role in the development of processes for the production of these fuels. She substantiated methods for the production of various types of gaseous and liquid fuels from coal, peat, oil shale. She developed methods for distillation and various types of oil cracking, which ensured the production of a large amount of gasoline, kerosene and other types of motor fuel from it. Chemistry has developed methods for obtaining fuel for jet engines and, from this side, has ensured the development of jet propulsion. Together with physics, she created the scientific foundations for obtaining fuel for nuclear reactors. Chemistry has revealed the scientific basis for the rational combustion of fuels with a high efficiency. In other words, chemistry plays a prominent role in modern energy.

Modern production is unthinkable without machines and tools. The main materials from which they are made are metals and their alloys, which are obtained on the basis of the chemical processing of natural materials. Chemistry provides metallurgy with methods for studying natural materials in order to determine the content of the necessary metals in them, methods for enriching raw materials with the necessary substances, methods for obtaining metals and alloys from these substances. Modern methods of metal production are based on redox processes. The production of pig iron is based on the reduction of iron with carbon monoxide, obtained by burning coke. The roasting of sulfur ores and the reduction of metals with coal form the basis for the production of copper, zinc, and lead. The reduction of metals by hydrogen from oxides is used in the production of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium and other metals. Recovery in electric furnaces of chromium and manganese from their oxides underlies the production of ferrochromium and ferromanganese. Recovery by electric current is used in the production of aluminum, magnesium, sodium, potassium, as well as in the refining of copper and other metals. The use of oxygen in metallurgy increases labor productivity. Chemistry is of great importance for the development of metallurgy.

The production of machines and devices is mainly a physical and mechanical production, requiring the manufacture of various parts and their assembly. But chemistry has also penetrated deeply into the production of instruments and machines. Products of the chemical industry, plastics for the manufacture of parts, rubber for the manufacture of tires, tires and gaskets, various insulating materials for electrical engineering and radio electronics, lubricating oils to prevent wear of rubbing surfaces, etc., are widely used in mechanical engineering and instrumentation. Chemistry suggested the right ways to prevent metals against corrosion: oxidation, copper plating, chromium plating, nickel plating, coating of metals with varnishes and paints, the use of various inhibitors, etc. In this regard, acids and salts, varnishes and paints, synthetic resins, etc. are widely used in mechanical engineering. makes extensive use of chemical methods and products of the chemical industry.

The construction industry, in order to fulfill its tasks, needs steel, brick, cement, glass, blocks, panels, ceramic products, paints, varnishes, drying oil, various synthetic materials (for covering floors, doors, ceilings, walls), which are products of physical chemical processing of natural materials. Installation of buildings from panels and blocks, laying brick walls and their plastering, concreting, cementing are important processes in the construction business. The discovery of the chemical bases of these processes was of great importance for the rational and productive performance of construction work. Chemistry provides the production of building materials with methods for their production, and the construction business with chemical methods for combining materials, finishing rooms, etc.

Food production is the task of agriculture. High yields are unthinkable without the use of mineral and organo-mineral fertilizers, chemical weed control agents (herbicides), pests and diseases of agricultural plants (insectofungicides), without growth stimulants, etc. Every year, the consumption of phosphorus and potassium in agriculture is increasing. and nitrogen fertilizers, compounds of boron, manganese, molybdenum and other substances used as microfertilizers, hexachlorane, DDT, parachlorobenzene, dichloroethane and many other means of combating pests and diseases of cultivated plants obtained in the chemical industry. For the production of fertilizers, the chemical industry consumes hundreds of thousands of tons of nitric acid and millions of tons of sulfuric acid. Chemistry delivers fodder, medical and sanitary products to animal husbandry. Many processes of the food industry processing primary agricultural products are based on chemistry - the production of starch syrup, acetic acid, alcohol, sugar, margarine, etc. Chemistry has deeply penetrated into agriculture and the food industry.

In the production of clothing and footwear, products of the chemical industry and methods of chemical technology are also widely used. In recent years, chemistry has begun to successfully compete with nature in the manufacture of artificial (viscose, acetate silk) and synthetic (nylon, nylon, enanth, chlorine, etc.) fibers for textiles and leather substitutes for the shoe industry. Boiling and bleaching, mercerization and dyeing, printing patterns and dressing of fabrics are chemical processes and for their implementation require the use of chemical industry products: alkalis, hypochlorites, dyes, acetic acid, various salts used as mordants, detergents, etc. A powerful anilo-dye chemical industry developed to provide the textile industry with dyes.

Chemistry has penetrated widely into the realm of culture. The manufacture of paper, the preparation of printing inks and alloys, the production of materials for radio and television equipment, films, photographic materials is based on the use of chemistry and products of the chemical industry.

Chemistry is of great importance for health care. Since the second half of the 19th century, organic synthesis products have been increasingly used for treatment, anesthesia and disinfection. The well-known drugs such as aspirin, phenacetin, salol, urotropin were the first successes of this synthesis. In recent years, medicine has received from chemistry such important synthetic drugs for the treatment of diseases as streptocide, sulfidine, sulfazol, streptomycin, vitamins, etc.

Chemistry has widely entered the modern life of people not only indirectly, through the use of food, clothing, shoes, fuel, dwellings, but also directly, through the use of soap, washing powders, soda, disinfectants and prophylactic substances, stain removers, food flavoring substances, etc. . P.

A truly great seer was M. V. Lomonosov, when, at the dawn of modern chemistry, in his speech “Sermon on the Benefits of Chemistry” in 1751, he said: “Chemistry spreads its hands wide in human affairs, listeners.” K. Marx's prediction is being realized that as humanity masters chemical methods and reactions, mechanical processing will be more and more inferior to the method of chemical action.

From this it becomes clear why the Communist Party and the Soviet government have paid and continue to pay close attention to the development of chemistry and the chemical industry in our country.

So, in the report of N. S. Khrushchev at the XXII Congress of the CPSU on the Party Program it is said: “The chemical industry is acquiring exceptional importance. In 20 years, its production, with an intensive expansion of the range, will increase by about 17 times. The chemistry of polymers will be widely used. The production of synthetic resins and plastics will be increased by about 60 times. The output of artificial and synthetic fibers, which are of particular importance for the production of consumer goods, will increase by about 15 times. The production of mineral fertilizers is to be increased by 9-10 times” (“Materials of the XXII Congress of the CPSU”, Gospolitizdat, Moscow, 1961, p. 149).

The Program of the Communist Party sets the task of the all-round development of chemistry, the chemical industry and the introduction of chemical methods of processing materials in various branches of production.

“One of the biggest tasks is the all-round development of the chemical industry, the full use in all sectors of the national economy of the achievements of modern chemistry, which greatly expands the possibilities for increasing national wealth, producing new, more advanced and cheap means of production and consumer goods. Metal, wood and other materials will increasingly be replaced by economical, practical and lightweight synthetic materials. The production of mineral fertilizers and plant protection chemicals is growing sharply” (ibid., p. 372).

Thus, in order to understand the chemical processes that take place in nature, in order to master the scientific principles of modern production and, consequently, to have a polytechnic outlook, in order to understand the essence of the chemicalization of the country, in order to be ready for work in the field of modern production, culture and life, it is necessary to know the basics of modern chemistry.

Workers in the mass professions of industry are now required to know the composition and properties of various types of raw materials and materials, methods of chemical modification of them, the properties of the most common chemical reagents, the nature of their effect on the main materials, etc. All workers in the mass professions of agricultural labor are now required to know the composition plants and soils, nutritional chemistry and chemical methods of controlling weeds, pests and plant diseases, properties and methods of storing fertilizers, herbicides, insectofungicides, nutritional chemistry and keeping farm animals, scientific foundations for preventing corrosion of agricultural machines, knowledge of the composition and properties of motor fuel, theory its rational combustion, etc. Construction workers are required to know the composition and properties of building materials, the chemical bases of their use, etc.

With the progress of technology, the elimination of the essential difference between mental and physical labor, the rise of production workers to the level of intellectual workers, these requirements for education will become ever broader and deeper.

In order to meet these requirements of communist construction, it is necessary that our students, during their schooling, acquire a solid and systematic knowledge of chemistry, an orientation in the scientific principles of chemical production, information about the successes and tasks of chemicalization of the country, and some practical skills in handling the products of the chemical industry. Students who master the basics of chemistry, practical knowledge and skills, will quickly and better master various types of labor in production and at the same time will be a good addition to technical schools and universities that train qualified personnel for the increasingly chemicalized national economy of the country.

Introduction

The role of chemistry in modern life is indicated very clearly: chemistry is energy, heat, household chemicals.

Chemistry as a science and at the same time as a field of application of knowledge is very impressive. Material production is impossible without the use of chemical technologies. New materials are constantly entering our lives. For many centuries, chemistry developed as alchemy, the search for the philosopher's stone. Now it is one of the most fundamental sciences about substances and their properties, without which life itself is impossible.

Chemistry as a component of culture fills with content a number of fundamental ideas about the world, the connection between the structure and properties of a complex system, probabilistic ideas and ideas about symmetry, chaos and order; conservation laws; the unity of discrete and continuous; the evolution of matter - all this finds a visual expression on the actual material of chemistry, gives food for thought about the world around us, for the harmonious development of the individual.

The role of chemistry in human life

Everywhere, wherever you look, we are surrounded by objects and products made from substances and materials that are obtained in chemical plants and factories. In addition, in everyday life, without knowing it, each person carries out chemical reactions. For example, washing with soap, washing with detergents, etc. When a piece of lemon is dipped into a glass of hot tea, the color fades - tea here acts as an acid indicator, similar to litmus. A similar acid-base interaction occurs when wetting chopped blue cabbage with vinegar. Mistresses know that cabbage turns pink at the same time. Lighting a match, kneading sand and cement with water, or extinguishing lime with water, firing bricks, we carry out real, and sometimes quite complex chemical reactions. The explanation of these and other chemical processes that are widespread in human life is the lot of specialists.

Cooking is also a chemical process. No wonder they say that women chemists are often very good cooks. Indeed, cooking in the kitchen is sometimes like doing organic synthesis in a lab. Only instead of flasks and retorts in the kitchen they use pots and pans, but sometimes autoclaves in the form of pressure cookers. It is not necessary to list further the chemical processes that a person conducts in everyday life. It should only be noted that in any living organism various chemical reactions are carried out in huge quantities. The processes of digestion of food, respiration of animals and humans are based on chemical reactions. The growth of a small blade of grass and a mighty tree is also based on chemical reactions.

Chemistry is a science, an important part of natural science. Strictly speaking, science cannot surround man. It may be surrounded by the results of the practical application of science. This clarification is very significant. At present, one can often hear the words: “chemistry has spoiled nature”, “chemistry

Water on a planet scale

Mankind has long paid great attention to water, because it was well known that where there is no water, there is no life. In dry soil, grain can lie for many years and germinate only in the presence of moisture. Despite the fact that water is the most common substance, it is distributed very unevenly on Earth. On the African continent and in Asia there are vast expanses devoid of water - deserts. A whole country - Algeria - lives on imported water. Water is delivered by ship to some coastal areas and to the islands of Greece. Sometimes there water costs more than wine. According to the United Nations, in 1985, 2.5 billion of the world's population lacked clean drinking water.

The surface of the globe is 3/4 covered with water - these are oceans, seas; lakes, glaciers. In fairly large quantities, water is found in the atmosphere, as well as in the earth's crust. The total reserves of free water on Earth are 1.4 billion km3. The main amount of water is contained in the oceans (about 97.6%), in the form of ice on our planet there is 2.14% of water. The water of rivers and lakes is only 0.29% and atmospheric water - 0.0005%.

Water is in constant and active circulation. Its driving force is the Sun, and the main source of water is the oceans. Almost a quarter of all solar energy incident on Earth is spent on the evaporation of water from the surfaces of reservoirs. Every year, 511 thousand km3 of water rises into the atmosphere in this way, of which 411 thousand km3 is from the ocean surface. Approximately 2/3 of atmospheric water returns as precipitation back to the ocean, and 1/3 falls on land. Annual rainfall is 40 times the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. Having fallen immediately, they could form a layer 1 m thick on the Earth. This water replenishes glaciers, rivers and lakes. In turn, the continental surface waters again flow into the seas and oceans, dissolving the occurring

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Salt

We can say with confidence that at least one chemical compound in a fairly pure form is found in every home, in every family. This is common salt, or as chemists call it, sodium chloride NaCl. It is known that, leaving the taiga shelter, hunters will certainly leave matches and salt for random travelers. Salt

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Matches

Man has long been familiar with the miraculous properties of fire, spontaneously arising as a result of a lightning strike. Therefore, the search for ways to make fire was undertaken by primitive man. Vigorously rubbing two pieces of wood is one such method. Self-ignition of wood occurs at temperatures above 300°C.

It is clear what muscular effort must be applied to locally heat the wood to such a temperature. Nevertheless, at one time mastering this method was the greatest achievement, since the use of fire allowed a person to largely remove his dependence on climate, and therefore expand the space for existence. Carving sparks when a stone hits a piece of pyrite FeS2 and igniting charred pieces of wood or vegetable

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Paper and pencils

It is no exaggeration to say that every person daily and in large quantities uses paper or products made from it. The role of paper in the history of culture is invaluable. The written history of mankind has about six thousand years and began

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Glass

The history of glass goes back to ancient times. It is known that in Egypt and Mesopotamia they knew how to make it already 6000 years ago. Probably, glass began to be made later than the first ceramic products, since its production required more

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Ceramics

Ceramic products are widely represented in everyday life and construction. The word ceramics has become so firmly established in the Russian language that we are surprised when we learn that it is of foreign origin. In fact, the word

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Construction Materials

Natural or artificial substances, which include silica SiO2, are called silicates. This word comes from lat. silex - flint. The modern silicate industry is the most important branch of the national economy. It provides the country's basic needs for building materials. Glass is a typical representative of silicate materials, but it has already been discussed.

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Chemistry finds application in various fields of human activity - medicine, agriculture, production of ceramic products, varnishes, paints, automotive, textile, metallurgical and other industries. In everyday life, chemistry is reflected primarily in various household chemicals (detergents and disinfectants, furniture care products, glass and mirror surfaces, etc.), medicines, cosmetics, various plastic products, paints, adhesives, insecticides, fertilizers, etc. This list can be continued almost endlessly, we will consider only some of its points.

Household chemicals

Of the household chemicals, the first place in terms of production and use is occupied by detergents, among which various soaps, washing powders and liquid detergents (shampoo and gels) are the most popular.

Soaps are mixtures of salts (potassium or sodium) of unsaturated fatty acids (stearic, palmitic, etc.), with sodium salts forming solid soaps, and potassium salts forming liquid ones.

Soaps are obtained by the hydrolysis of fats in the presence of alkalis (saponification). Consider the production of soap using the example of saponification of tristearin (triglyceride of stearic acid):

where C 17 H 35 COONa is soap - the sodium salt of stearic acid (sodium stearate).

It is also possible to obtain soap using alkyl sulfates (salts of esters of higher alcohols and sulfuric acid) as raw materials:

R-CH 2 -OH + H 2 SO 4 \u003d R-CH 2 -O-SO 2 -OH (sulfuric acid ester) + H 2 O

R-CH 2 -O-SO 2 -OH + NaOH \u003d R-CH 2 -O-SO 2 -ONa (soap - sodium alkyl sulfate) + H 2 O

Depending on the scope of application, household, cosmetic (liquid and solid) soaps, as well as handmade soaps are distinguished. In addition, various flavors, dyes or fragrances can be added to the soap.

Synthetic detergents (washing powders, gels, pastes, shampoos) are chemically complex mixtures of several components, the main component of which are surface-active substances (surfactants). Among surfactants, ionic (anionic, cationic, amphoteric) and nonionic surfactants are distinguished. For the production of synthetic detergents, inogenic anionic surfactants are usually used, which are alkyl sulfates, amino sulfates, sulfosuccinates, and other compounds that dissociate into ions in an aqueous solution.

Powder detergents usually contain various additives to remove grease. Most often it is soda ash or drinking soda, sodium phosphates.

Chemical bleaches are added to some powders - organic and inorganic compounds, during the decomposition of which active oxygen or chlorine is released. Sometimes, enzymes are used as bleaching additives, which, due to the rapid process of protein breakdown, remove organic contaminants well.

Polymer products

Polymers are high-molecular compounds whose macromolecules consist of "monomeric units" - molecules of inorganic or organic substances connected by chemical or coordination bonds.

Products made of polymers are widely used in the daily life of mankind - these are all kinds of household items - kitchen utensils, bathroom items, household appliances, storage containers, packaging materials, etc. Polymer fibers are used to make a variety of fabrics, knitwear, hosiery, artificial fur curtains, carpets, upholstery materials for furniture and cars. Synthetic rubber is used to produce rubber products (boots, galoshes, sneakers, rugs, shoe soles, etc.).

Among the many polymeric materials, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, teflon, polyacrylate and foam are widely used.

Among polyethylene products, polyethylene film, all kinds of containers (bottles, cans, boxes, canisters, etc.), pipes for sewerage, drainage, water and gas supply, armor, heat insulators, hot-melt glue, etc. are most famous in everyday life. All these products are made from polyethylene, obtained in two ways - at high (1) and low pressure (2):

DEFINITION

Polypropylene is a polymer obtained by polymerization of propylene in the presence of catalysts (for example, a mixture of TiCl 4 and AlR 3):

n CH 2 \u003d CH (CH 3) → [-CH 2 -CH (CH 3) -] n

This material has found wide application in the production of packaging materials, household items, non-woven materials, disposable syringes, in construction for vibration and noise insulation of interfloor ceilings in "floating floor" systems.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a polymer obtained by suspension or emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride, as well as bulk polymerization:

It is used for the electrical insulation of wires and cables, the production of sheets, pipes, films for stretch ceilings, artificial leather, linoleum, profiles for the manufacture of windows and doors.

Polyvinyl chloride is used as a sealant in domestic refrigerators, instead of relatively complex mechanical seals. PVC is also used to make condoms for people with latex allergies.

Cosmetical tools

The main products of cosmetic chemistry are all kinds of creams, lotions, face, hair and body masks, perfumes, eau de toilette, hair dyes, mascaras, hair and nail polishes, etc. The composition of cosmetic products includes substances that are contained in the tissues for which these products are intended. So, cosmetic preparations for nail, skin and hair care include amino acids, peptides, fats, oils, carbohydrates and vitamins, i.e. substances necessary for the life of the cells that make up these tissues.

In addition to substances obtained from natural raw materials (for example, various plant extracts), synthetic raw materials are widely used in the production of cosmetics, which are obtained by chemical (often organic) synthesis. Substances obtained in this way are characterized by a high degree of purity.

The main types of raw materials for the production of cosmetics are natural and synthetic animal (chicken, mink, pig) and vegetable (cotton, linseed, castor oil) fats, oils and waxes, hydrocarbons, surfactants, vitamins and stabilizers.

"Chemistry in human life" message Grade 8 will briefly talk about the chemical processes that surround us and affect our life. Also, the message "The role of chemistry in human life" can be used to prepare an essay on a given topic.

Message "Chemistry in human life"

Why is chemistry needed in human life and in nature? Look around and you will see that our world almost entirely consists of it. The most striking example of this is oxygen, a substance without which living beings could not exist on the planet. He is involved in such important processes as:

• Breath
• Combustion
• rotting

And this is only the smallest part. Chemistry covers all branches of industry and influences all processes occurring in nature.

1. Chemistry in industry

Such industrial sectors as the manufacture of building materials, mechanical engineering, agriculture, metallurgy, electronics manufacturing, light industry, pharmaceutical industry, food industry, and petrochemistry depend on chemical products. Thanks to chemistry, medicines and food products are produced that are necessary for our life. The chemical industry has made significant progress in the production of weapons. But at the same time, industrial enterprises harm the environment, they gradually poison us, provoke the emergence of new diseases.

1. Casual a life

It is difficult to imagine everyday life and life of a person without chemistry and the benefits of chemical production. Cleaners and detergents, lipstick, credit card, headphones, glasses, computer, these are the things that have firmly entered our lives and which are the brainchild of chemical production (or rather, the oil refining industry). It should be noted that more than 6,000 items of products are produced from oil. The most popular and used by us are:

• Plastic. It is present in industrial and household appliances, trains, cars, food containers, stationery.
• Petrolatum. It is an important part of medicine, cosmetology and food industry.
• Synthetic fabrics. Among them are pleasant and soft acrylic, elastic lycra, durable nylon, wrinkle-resistant polyester.

Oil is also used in food products, where it replaces animal protein.

1. Chemistry and food

Did you know that drinking water is pure chemistry, the formula of which everyone remembers from school days. Drinking a glass of water, a person consumes a real cocktail of inorganic substances: iodine, fluorine, calcium, selenium, and so on. If we talk about food, then the first thing that comes to mind is the word "monosodium glutamate" - a substance that will make almost everything tasty. It is found in chips, seasonings, sausages, sausages, milk, fish, soy products, and so on. There are a huge number of such substances, and they are not always useful.

Thus, chemistry has been our companion since the creation of the world. Man has learned to run complex chemical processes that we do not even think about. Without chemistry, the modern world would not exist in the form in which we see it now.

We hope that the "Chemistry in Human Life" message summarized in this article helped you prepare for the lesson. And you can add a short story about chemistry in human life through the comment form below.