What is education like in China? International student exchange programs. Primary school in China

I was always surprised how energetic the Chinese are. They work hard, quickly, with enthusiasm. Unlike, say, the South Koreans, although they are hard workers, they are not hasty and not so energetic. What is the secret of the working capacity of the Chinese population? I think this is largely determined by the system school education, very different from the Western one.

Today, 99% of children in China attend school, although before 1949, 80% of the country's population was illiterate. The Chinese value education, literally and figuratively. All education is paid. Even for primary school (not to mention universities) you have to pay, which usually costs families a third of their family income.
Schools in China provide twelve years of education, which is divided into three levels: primary school and two levels high school.

In order for a child to receive at least compulsory secondary education, he must attend school for at least 9 years: 6 years in primary school and three years in the first stage of secondary school.

The main difference between Chinese schools and Russian ones is the heavy workload of lessons. If in Russian schools first-graders study until a maximum of 13 o'clock in the afternoon, then a typical day for a Chinese schoolchild begins at 7-30 and ends at approximately 4-30, that is, 9 hours spent at school. And this is no coincidence. The main focus is Chinese schools done on Chinese and algebra. It’s not so quick to learn several thousand hieroglyphs, their spelling and pronunciation. After all, even to read a newspaper, a Chinese needs to know at least 5 thousand characters (out of 50 possible). Education native language develops children's abilities in mathematics. In mathematics, Chinese students are often ahead of European students.

Due to the heavy workload, the school day is divided into two parts. From 8 to half past eleven, children study basic subjects: Chinese and foreign languages, mathematics, which are on the schedule every day. Then, children can rest and have lunch until 2 pm, and then continue their studies. In the afternoon, students in Chinese schools study secondary subjects: singing, labor, physical education and drawing. And also electives and homework, which children only manage to do around 10-11 pm... At 11 or even 12 at night, Chinese schoolchildren go to bed, and they have to get up at 5-30, since classes start at 7-25. It's hard to imagine that one can get used to such a regime...

As for discipline, in Chinese schools it is strict: if you miss 12 lessons without a good reason, you will be expelled.
And yet Chinese children do not look tired and tired from getting up early, lots of homework and a lot of math. Perhaps due to the fact that physical education lessons are not given here last place. As you know, China is the most powerful country in the school Olympic movement. The Chinese were the first to understand what kind of prestige the victories of its teenagers bring to the country in the international arena.

Chinese schools are also special in that each class has an average of 30-40 students. At school, a child is obliged to be the best without any options. This is simply necessary in order to subsequently enter college and have some prospects for the future. Most children even attend extra classes on weekends. Although a huge number of mathematics lessons will not be wasted in any case - at least mathematical thinking will be useful in our market :)
It is worth mentioning that the assessment of children’s achievements during school is carried out according to one hundred point system. All current results are posted in the class journal, and parents, if desired, can monitor the progress of their children.

China has a system of unified state examination, it is taken throughout the country, and the best are admitted to universities. All higher education institutions are ranked by level of prestige, and for admission you need to score a certain number of points. school exams. The application can be sent to several educational institutions whose passing score is lower or corresponds to the number of points that was scored during the exams.

China still remains for many a “mysterious eastern country” with rich history and culture. China is no less attractive in terms of education. Many parents want to send their children to this country for education, thanks to the fast technical and economic development countries. However, it is worth knowing some of the nuances of school education in the Middle Kingdom.

School education in China involves studying for 12 years. It includes three steps. At the same time, since 2008, the Chinese authorities decided to approve compulsory free 9-year school education. Whether to continue education in the last three grades is decided by parents and the students themselves.

Before entering first grade, future first-graders are tested. The next exams await children six years after completing primary school. The exam grading system is point based. To enter high school in China, you need to achieve a certain number of points. If a student scores high, he has a chance to enter a secondary school at a university, which will ensure his further admission to that university.

After 12 years of schooling, graduates take unified exams similar to our Unified State Exam. They are graduating from school and also entering university. To be admitted to different universities, you must achieve different minimum exam scores. The more famous the university, the more serious demands it places on the level of knowledge of applicants. An applicant can send an application for admission to two or three educational institutions simultaneously.

Features of studying at school in China

A distinctive feature of schools in China is the high workload on students compared to the workload in Russian schools. main reason is that Chinese is a very difficult language. Schoolchildren have to memorize several thousand hieroglyphs during their studies. You need to not only remember them, but also learn to pronounce and write correctly. The number of students in a class is more than 30 people, and sometimes reaches 70-80 children.

In order not to overload children, a resolution was adopted to introduce a school day lasting no more than eight hours. Classes in Chinese schools begin at 8 am. The number of physical education lessons is at least 70 minutes per week.

School education in China involves 5 days school week. Usually children study until 4 pm. The daily routine is as follows:

• From 8:00 to 11:30 – classes in basic subjects (mathematics, Chinese, foreign languages);
• From 11:30 to 14:00 – lunch break and day rest;
• From 14:00 to 16:00 – classes in secondary subjects (drawing, singing, Physical Culture, works).

Taking into account extracurricular lessons and homework, students go to bed closer to midnight. And the morning rise usually occurs at 6:00, because at 7:30 you already need to be at school.

The academic year in a Chinese school includes two semesters. After completing the first and second semesters, students receive final grades of academic performance in points. A 100-point scale is used. Teachers record students' scores in class registers. Parents can always be aware of the progress of their children.

Strict discipline is maintained in training. If a student misses 12 classes without a valid reason, he will be expelled.

Secondary education in China is under the vigilant control of the state. All schools have government funding and receive funds from the treasury to upgrade equipment and repair premises.

Modern schools in China often consist of entire complexes of buildings, with long passages between them, and large sports grounds located in the inner part of the courtyard. Sometimes several thousand students study in one school.

Primary school in China

Children go to first grade at 6 years old. Classes for the first semester begin on September 1, and the second semester starts on March 1. Summer holidays are in July and August, and winter holidays are in January and February.

In primary school in China, they study mathematics, Chinese, science, drawing, music, and children also receive basic knowledge of history, natural history and geography. Studying China and the peoples inhabiting it, as well as obtaining political information, is mandatory. In addition, schoolchildren actively participate in maintaining order and cleanliness in school premises.

Starting from grade 3, schoolchildren learn English. From the 4th grade, children also attend practical training, usually in workshops or on farms. Many choose their electives and sections to their liking.

Junior high school

High school in China is a three-year education. After it, the compulsory part of education will be completed. Teenagers study the following subjects: mathematics, Chinese, English, physics, computer science, biology, geography, music, physical education, ethics and morality.

Particular attention in China is paid to the cultivation of political literacy and the introduction of ideology into young minds. Children also continue to study in sections and clubs chosen at the previous level of education.

Complete high school

During this period, students can choose one of the educational directions.

• The vocational and technical direction serves to prepare technical specialists who can find work in production sector or in agriculture. There are separate vocational, technical and agricultural schools here.
• The academic direction serves to prepare teenagers for admission to universities.

Studying at universities in China lasts 2-4 years and depends on the specialty. There is a system of distribution of graduates, so immediately after graduation they get a job.

Popular schools in China

The Beijing First of October School was opened more than 60 years ago. Location: Beijing city. Education is provided here from grades 1 to 12, enrollment is possible at any stage. The school maintains strict discipline. After several violations, expulsion follows.

It is possible to teach children from foreign countries. Chinese language lessons are held for them throughout the year. After obtaining the basics of the language, you must pass entrance exams in mathematics, English and Chinese. Foreign students are provided with boarding accommodation. Tuition fee: 28,500 yuan, living cost: 6,000 yuan.

Tatyana L. (mother of student Evgenia) says that at school they liked the informal attitude towards the girl, the help in solving everyday issues, and the individual approach.

The school at the People's University of China (Beijing) is considered one of the most popular high schools in China. It is possible to teach foreign students in any grade - from 1 to 12. The university specializes in the field of public and humanities, popular specialties: economics, journalism, law.

The school is famous for the high results of its graduates. Most of them go to the People's University or other prestigious universities China. For students from other countries, a one-year Chinese language course is provided, after which they take exams for admission to school. Tuition fee: 25,000 yuan, living cost: 6,200 yuan.

School No. 2 of East China Normal University is located in Shanghai. Considered one of the best schools of this city. It is possible to teach schoolchildren from other countries aged 12-18 years. A preliminary course in Chinese language is provided, as in other similar schools.

The school has an excellent material and technical base. This includes a laboratory, an indoor swimming pool, and numerous sports facilities. The dormitory has 400 rooms for students. Tuition fee: 35,000 yuan, living cost: 5,000 yuan.

Olga S. (mother of Liliya’s student) from Russia says that she can safely recommend this school to everyone. She liked the area, surrounded by greenery, modern dormitory and school buildings, as well as several excellent sports grounds.

The school at Shanghai Jiaotong University is ready to accept foreign students aged 15-18 years old to study at graduating classes. First, students study the basics of the Chinese language for six months and only after that can move on to the main program. Here teenagers not only study basic disciplines, but also prepare for entering a university. Tuition fee: 34300 yuan, living cost: 4000 yuan.

Dilara says that her son is happy with his studies, he has made friends from different countries world, mastered Chinese and consolidated knowledge of English language. Now he plans to enter a Chinese university.

As for Russian schools in China, we can recommend the school at the Russian Embassy in Beijing.

Documents for studying at a Chinese school

Every student from a foreign country must have an official guardian in China. This can be any Chinese citizen or foreigner who has received official work and a residence permit in China. The guardian must write a written guarantee for the ward that the student will behave well and study successfully. And in case of violations, the guardian will be held accountable.

It is the guardian who the school administration turns to when problems arise with a student. Parents of a student usually have to pay several thousand yuan for guardianship. Some schools themselves act as a guardian.

Also, to go to study in China, you must have a foreign passport and a student visa, which is issued only after concluding an agreement with the school.

Currently, education in China is one of the priority areas. It's hard to believe that in the mid-20th century, more than 80 percent of the people in the country were illiterate.

Levels of education

The education system in China has three levels. Preschool education, as in our country, is presented here in the form of kindergartens. They can be visited by children with three years of age. Preschool education in China lasts three years.

The second option is designed for six years of primary school, then three years of junior high school.

Further education in China is intended for teenagers. After three years of education, they will be able to enter a university and then graduate school.

Vocational schools

Such education in China is presented in two varieties:

• for teenagers who have graduated from junior high school it is designed for 4 (or 3) years;
• For high school graduates who are 22 years of age, a two-year option is offered.

graduate School

Higher education in China (bachelor's degree) lasts 4-5 years. To become a professional doctor, you need to study for at least 7-8 years. Graduate schools in China prepare:

• masters (2-3-year option);
• Doctors of Science (3 years).

Masters must not be older than 40 years, and doctors must not be older than 45.

Preschool education

The preschool education system in China includes private and public kindergartens. Here children from three to six years old prepare for school, learn school curriculum. In one preschool institution there are about 270 children, each group has 25-26 people. About five percent of children spend here not only the day, but also the night; the rest go home with their parents after 18-00. Each group has two qualified teachers and one assistant.

Secondary education

The basis of school education in China is nine years, and it is paid. Its purpose is to educate the working person, as well as prepare him for subsequent higher education. In elementary school, children learn Chinese literacy for six years and receive basic knowledge about society and nature. Particular attention is paid here patriotic education, as well as physical education.

From the third grade, in addition to Chinese, mathematics, physical education, music, ethics, children learn a foreign language. The peculiarities of education in China are that from the fourth grade, children work for two weeks in workshops and on the farm, and once a week they are engaged in social activities.

On weekdays, children have 6-7 lessons. China has strict discipline, so schoolchildren are prohibited from missing more than 12 classes without a good reason. Each class has its own classroom.

After finishing seventh grade, children take exams in China. The subsequent fate of schoolchildren depends on the results they show. China also has a Unified State Exam, based on its results, the best students receive a “lucky ticket” to a higher education institution. Pass final exams in May.

What else is it characterized by? modern education? China has introduced certain rules for obtaining a certificate. To become the proud owner of the treasured document, you must pass exams in mathematics, physics, political science, history, chemistry, computer science, and languages.

Focus of vocational schools

What can you say about this education in China? Let us briefly note that vocational schools in this country are designed to train specialists in agriculture, legal sciences, and medicine. In addition, there are certain technical educational institutions that train workers for the steel, pharmaceutical, fuel, and textile industries. Among the prestigious areas in China, vocational agricultural education is highlighted. The course lasts only three years.

For children who came to China from other countries, the opportunity to receive an education in special private boarding schools is provided. After completing the course of study, the graduate receives an official diploma of secondary education.

Such a document most often has a double template. One is in Chinese and the other is in English. Boarding houses accept children from the age of nine. Such educational institutions make this country open to children from any country, including Russia.

The only Russian school in this country can be found only in Inin. It is an elementary version of education and does not have its own dormitory. In this regard, only children who live in Yining can study there. Lessons in this educational institution conducted in Russian and Chinese. The program includes music, language literacy, physical education, and mathematics.

Vacation time

Chinese children have two types of holidays. Summer holidays last from mid-July to the end of August. Winter holidays are designed for the period from January to mid-February.

Unlike our country, throughout the holidays, children perform a variety of activities. homework. Not all students are sent abroad by their parents for two weeks to undergo internships in various academic disciplines.

Features of higher education

There are currently many academies and state institutions. In some higher educational institutions there are huge college towns. After completing the academy, almost all graduates receive assigned jobs.

If desired, foreign citizens can also obtain a Chinese diploma of higher education. To do this, it is necessary to translate all educational documents into Chinese and have them notarized. Some higher educational institutions in the Celestial Empire do not require notarization of documents; they are content with the signature on the materials of the vice-rector for international work, as well as their certification with the official seal.

The process of recognizing foreign higher education diplomas as equivalent (nostrification of Chinese and Russian documents) is carried out automatically. This is facilitated by the agreement that was signed in 1995. According to the document, citizens who received education in one country have the right to obtain a job in their existing specialty in another state where the agreement is in force.

If an agreement has not been signed with the country in which the specialist received his diploma, he will have to legalize his documents. For this purpose, special extraterritorial offices of state issuance have been created in China; in addition, such a procedure can be carried out in the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Students from Russia can receive education in 12 main specialties in China. In this eastern country There are about five hundred universities at the service of Russians that have the right to accept foreign students for study.

Students from the Russian Federation can study:

• warfare;
• agronomy;
• engineering;
• natural Sciences;
• history;
• management;
• pedagogy;
• medicine;
• philosophy;
• jurisprudence;
• economics;
• mathematics.

Chinese legal education is especially popular among foreign students. Training is provided in English and Chinese. These higher education institutions have their own language training centers, which are intended for foreign students. To do an internship at such a center, it is enough to have a minimum level of proficiency in Chinese.

Over two years of intensive education, foreign students sufficiently master national language China, receive admission to study selected disciplines related to the specialty they like.

If a student demonstrates an excellent level of preparation in all subjects, he receives the right to an additional specialty. In this case, his diploma indicates the points for each specialty.

Conclusion

Currently, China has a well-thought-out, level education system. After completing a course of study at a higher educational institution, young graduates have the opportunity to undergo additional training in graduate school. It has a two-level option.

At the first stage, you can obtain a master's degree after completing a bachelor's degree.

Only those students who have successfully completed a master's course are accepted into doctoral studies in China. Postgraduate education is offered on both a paid and free (grant) basis. In order for a foreign student to be admitted to graduate school, he must speak Chinese at level 4 of a special qualifying exam. The program includes a variety of specialized lectures, passing exams, preparing a dissertation, and seminars. In China, there is a mandatory check of the defended dissertation for plagiarism. The uniqueness percentage must not be less than 85, otherwise protection will be prohibited.

In order for a student to count on receiving free education in the Middle Kingdom, he needs to win one of the grant programs.

School education in China: the school year begins on the first of September. As for parents in China, some aspects of preparing a child for school are not that expensive. This primarily concerns school uniforms. All schools in China have their own uniform, which students must wear regardless of what grade they are in. A student's clothing usually consists of a shirt, trousers (skirt) and a baseball cap with the school emblem embroidered on it. All other supplies, without which education in Chinese schools cannot be complete, are purchased by parents themselves.

Schools in China provide twelve years of education, which is divided into three levels: primary school and two levels of high school. Every year on the first of September, more than 400 million students from first to twelfth grades come to school. Half of them are first-graders and students of the first stage of secondary school.

In order for a child to receive at least compulsory secondary education, he must attend school for at least 9 years: 6 years in primary school and three years in the first stage of secondary school. Receiving a complete education is carried out at the request of the parents and the student himself. To be able to continue your studies at a university, you must complete all twelve classes and pass final exams. But more on that later.

In order for a child to be accepted into the first grade of a school in China, like ours, they conduct some kind of exams to determine the child’s level of knowledge. But if in our schools this written works and interviews, then in Chinese it is testing. The future student must mark the correct answer to the question posed from the 3-4 options offered. Having completed their primary education after six years of study, schoolchildren take their first exams. This kind of cross-section of knowledge allows the child to score the required number of points for admission to secondary school. High results These exams allow the student to move on to secondary school at a university, the completion of which guarantees admission to that university.

Chinese schools conduct unified state final exams, which are also entrance exams for entering a university. As mentioned earlier in the article about the Chinese educational system, all higher education institutions are ranked according to their level of prestige, and in order to be admitted you need to score a certain number of points on school exams. The application can be sent to several educational institutions whose passing score is lower or corresponds to the number of points that was scored during the exams.

It would not be amiss to note that universities and schools in China differ from our educational institutions in their high level of workload. This is due to the fact that students must learn more than several thousand hieroglyphs, which must not only be written correctly, but also pronounced correctly. Taking this into account, the Department of Education in Beijing adopted a resolution according to which school classes begin at 8 am and last no more than eight hours a day. At the same time, the curriculum increased the number of physical education lessons to 70 minutes per week.

Many readers may feel that the above applies to private schools. But I would like to clarify right away that this educational system is used in public schools.

Schools in China operate on a five-day work week. But if in our schools first-graders study until a maximum of 13 hours, then their Chinese “colleagues” are in the educational institution until 16 days. Due to the heavy workload, the school day is divided into two parts. From 8 to half past eleven, children study basic subjects: Chinese and foreign languages, mathematics, which are on the schedule every day. Then, children can rest and have lunch until 2 pm, and then continue their studies. In the afternoon, students in Chinese schools study secondary subjects: singing, labor, physical education and drawing.

Chinese schools are special in that each class has an average of 30-40 students. The learning process is divided into two semesters, the results of which are displayed on a report card. It is worth mentioning that the assessment of children's achievements during school is carried out using a hundred-point system. All current results are posted in the class journal and parents, if desired, can monitor the progress of their children.

A big plus in the Chinese educational system is that educational process is carefully controlled by the government, and schools constantly receive funding from the treasury for ongoing repairs of buildings or updating of the material and technical base.

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The work is devoted to the analysis of the education system in China, the stages of education are considered: from preschool to higher education. China is the world leader in terms of population and the country has its own unique education system. The study showed that the country has a free nine-year school education, while education at the senior level of school and in higher educational institutions is paid. primary goal secondary schools in the PRC - to form workers with a vocational and technical bias and prepare them for admission to universities in the country. Admission to universities is carried out based on the results of the unified state exam. The main goal of secondary schools in the PRC is to form a workforce with a vocational and technical focus and prepare them for admission to the country’s universities. The Chinese education system places high demands on students: high passing grades in universities and paid tuition.

education system

training levels

university and professional education

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2. Hao Keming, Cai Keyun. Development of the education system in the PRC / Hao Keming, Cai Keyun. – M.: NIIVSI, 1989. – 43 p.

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7. Suvorova E.A. The formation of the education system in China in the second half of the twentieth century. /E.A. Suvorova // Russia and the Asia-Pacific region. – 2015. – No. 1(87). – pp. 198–204.

8. Mashkina O.A. Education as a priority of social and economic development of the People's Republic of China /O.A. Mashkin // History and modernity. – 2012. – No. 2. – P. 197–203.

9. Shi Dan Dan. Education system in China / Dan Dan Shi // Actual problems training of bachelors and masters in the conditions of development of level education: collection scientific articles/ answer editor: G. M. Fedosimov. – Kurgan: Publishing house: Kurgan State. Univ., 2016. – pp. 222–225.

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The development trend of post-industrial society is an increase in the number of people with higher education. However, the labor market in many countries indicates an oversupply and a shortage of workers. How are they solving this problem in China? In this regard, the study of the education system in China is relevant. The purpose of the study is to analyze the structure of education in the People's Republic of China and find out how well it meets the needs of the time.

A theoretical analysis of pedagogical, historical literature in terms of the problem under study, work experience at Henan University, interviews with Chinese students studying at Chuvash University state university, and students of ChSU named after. I.N. Ulyanov, who completed exchange training in China.

Many countries supported the Bologna process, the transition to multi-level education, a system of bachelor's and master's degrees. China did not stand aside either. However, its system has a number of features that differ from other countries. The process of acquiring knowledge in China is based on the planned development of public education. The education system in China, at first glance, seems complex, but in fact, each transition from one level of education to another helps to better understand the student’s abilities and guide him in the right direction further training (picture).

Education scheme in China

The educational system includes: preschool education, primary school, junior and senior high schools, university, doctoral studies.

The first stage is kindergarten, which can be attended by children from 3 years old. Preschools There are two types: public and private. It is important to note that visiting kindergarten is part of the educational process. Without his visit, children are not accepted to school, since it is here that they begin to study Pinyin, without which it is impossible to master Chinese writing.

Having reached the age of 6, children enter primary school or junior high school, where they study for 6 years. In elementary school, much attention is paid to the development creative potential child. Children spend a lot of time doing activities physical education, learn to play musical instruments, improve knowledge of English and Russian languages. Lessons start at 7.00 am. Every morning all students, together with teachers, do physical exercises. Then from 8.00 to 12.00 natural and mathematical disciplines are studied. From 12.00 to 13.00 there is a lunch break, during which children can sleep at school, and after lunch there are three more lessons in humanities subjects. Then the children do their homework and only at 16.00 they can go home. After graduating from primary school, students move on to upper secondary school or vocational secondary school, where they study for 4 years. Already at this stage, children and their parents must decide whether they will focus on entering a university or obtaining a working profession.

Secondary education is divided into two levels, each level consisting of three years of study. Six year old initial training and three years of lower secondary school education are compulsory and free of charge. In 1986, China passed a law on 9 years of compulsory education. In areas where universal lower secondary education has generally been implemented, all students who have completed primary school can enroll in a local secondary school.

For admission to secondary school highest level Students take competitive entrance exams. Children who successfully pass the entrance exams study at the highest level. Feature Chinese education is that this level is paid. But if a student could not pass the exams, then no amount of payment will save him. Thus, China’s educational policy places strict demands on both the knowledge of schoolchildren and eliminates those who in the future will not be able to pay for their education. The second stage of secondary education also consists of three years of study. Part of it is a two-year school, where students are divided into vocational and specialized classes. Graduates of vocational secondary schools can enter secondary vocational educational institutions, where, as a rule, training lasts three years. Researcher O.A. Mashkina points out that the two threads solve different problems. Comprehensive schools prepare students for entering a university, and vocational schools provide graduates with the knowledge that will allow them to find a job after completing their studies. In total, children study for 12 years in a secondary comprehensive school, and over all these years they undergo a rigorous selection process several times in the form of transfer qualifying exams. At each stage, students are screened based on interests and abilities to study various disciplines. Students in all educational institutions in China are very disciplined. The school has a strict requirement for absences; if a student misses 12 lessons without a valid reason, he is expelled from high school. At the end of the seventh grade, students must pass a final comprehensive test, and those who successfully pass them will receive graduate School(not yet a university), which is preparatory stage for entering university. To obtain a certificate of school education, each graduate must pass exams: mathematics, Chinese, physics, foreign language, history, political science, biology and computer science. To enter a university, each student must pass a special exam according to the established rule. The Unified State Exam has been in effect since 1978. Those children who have not passed the unified state exam are deprived of the opportunity to further study at universities; they are awaited by a vocational school, where they receive a working profession.

The main goal of secondary schools in the PRC is to form workers with a vocational and technical bias and prepare them for entry into the country's universities.

The vocational profile is divided into: technical and professional (agricultural). In special technical schools (like colleges in the Russian Federation), students receive knowledge in various professions over the course of 4 years. Mainly in demand are such specialties as engineers in fuel and energy, foundry, pharmaceutical and light industries. Vocational schools train service and agricultural workers for three years.

Only the best school graduates are recommended for admission to the university. Applicants take from four to seven entrance exams. Universities themselves set the number of exams and develop their own programs. Most big competition in technical universities, the competitive selection for them is tough. From 150 to 300 applicants apply for one place. Those who are lucky enough to enroll in a long-awaited university cannot afford to relax and study poorly. As a result of the reform of university management in 2007, the country began to have 1,908 public universities, of which 443 are comprehensive and multidisciplinary universities, 672 are natural science and technical universities, and the rest are monospecialized universities.

Studies in all educational institutions begin in September and consist of two semesters. Accordingly, there are one month of holidays in February and one month in the summer. Classes at the university begin at 8.00 and continue until 18.30 with a break from 12.00 to 14.00. From half past six to nine in the evening, various electives are held, which are mandatory for everyone.

Absenteeism is taken seriously in universities. The number of three absences without a valid reason becomes a reason for repeating a year of study. The student can attend classes, but he is not allowed to take exams. He has to study again in the same semester with other students, listen to the disciplines again, and only then will he be allowed to take the session. If a student has been expelled from a university, he is deprived of the right to be reinstated or study at another university. All that remains for such a student is to acquire a working profession and go to work.

In order to obtain higher professional education, in China you need to take special preparatory courses with a duration of study of 2 years, after which graduates of the course, having passed exams, are sent to the university. All universities have a two-level system of training bachelors and masters. The most talented ones are recommended by universities for doctoral studies, where they write a dissertation for 2-3 years and receive a doctorate degree.

Studying at universities in China is paid, it ranges from approximately $700 to $6,000 per year, depending on the prestige of the university. Payment is made in RMB. Depending on the specialty, it can vary from 5,000 to 10,000 yuan. This is a lot of money for the average resident of the country, and therefore many parents take out a bank loan in order to pay for their children’s education. But there is important detail, if a university graduate goes to countryside work in his specialty, then the loan is written off. If a graduate is engaged in entrepreneurship and opens his own business, then he has to repay the loan to the bank in full. You can also get a subsidy. It may partially cover tuition. In 1993, according to the “Program for Reform and Development of Education,” the system of full state support for students was abolished. Chinese students have a saying “a smart student is a rich student.” It is the students who excel in their studies who receive scholarships and thereby cover their expenses.

Chinese students are distinguished by their concentration, discipline and hard work. They understand that only studying at a university can give them knowledge, prestige and a future highly paid job. The state does everything for students: all classrooms are equipped with modern equipment, libraries have electronic versions of books, student libraries are open until 22.00 in the evening. Student dormitories are located on campuses and are close to the place of study.

In all faculties it is compulsory to study foreign languages. The age scale of education in China is oriented from 3 to 45 years. Each university has its own publishing house. Articles by teachers and students are published in scientific journals for a certain small fee. Today, education in China has become accessible and foreign citizens. The Chinese government provides thousands of scholarships every year for foreign students to study in their country for free.

Thus, educational process begins in kindergarten, where children receive their first knowledge of Chinese writing. This is followed by a free nine-year school education. This allows all children to gain general knowledge, regardless of the family’s wealth. Further training takes place according to profiles, depending on the student’s choice of direction: either orientation towards university education or vocational education. State educational policy is thus aimed at early diagnosis of students' professional orientation. The presence of vocational schools allows us to solve the problem of professional workers. Paid university education, on the one hand, limits access to it; on the other hand, the opportunity to receive scholarships (subsidies) for good studies encourages students to be the best in the university. The Bologna system allows Chinese students, with knowledge of the Russian language, to continue their studies in a master's program in Russia. Thus, the Chinese education system places high demands on students, but also provides them with decent conditions for learning and development.

Bibliographic link

Azitova G.Sh., Krasnova M.N. FEATURES OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN CHINA // Contemporary issues science and education. – 2017. – No. 5.;
URL: http://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=26953 (date of access: 03/02/2019). We bring to your attention magazines published by the publishing house "Academy of Natural Sciences"