China during the Ming dynasty. Family archive

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The oldest ruling dynasties of Europe (versions)

INFO-GENEALOG Russian-language site about the genealogy of aristocratic families of the world
http://gugukaran.narod.ru/Geneolog.html

Genealogy of the Franks from the Trojan Priam, through later kinship with the Cimmerians.

Priam (Podark), king of Troy, w1- Arisba, w2- Laofoi, daughter of Alpha, king of the Lelegs, w3- Castianira, w4- Hecuba
1 (1). Esak, w- Asteropa
2 (2). Polydar
3 (2). Lycaon
4 (3). Gorgithion
5 (4). Iliona, m- Polymestor, king of Thrace
5.1. Deipila
6 (4). Hector, f-Andromache, daughter of Eethion, king of Lyrness
6.1. Astianact (Scamandry)
7 (4). Paris (Alexander), w1- Enona, nymph, w2- Elena
7.1 (1). Corypha
7.2 (2). Elena the Younger
7.3 (2). Bunik
7.4 (2). Agan
7.5 (2). Ideas
8 (4). Creusa, m- Aeneas, King of Lavinia
9 (4). Laodike, m1 - Helikaon, son of Antenor and Teano, daughter of Kissei, king of Thrace, m2 - Akamant I
10 (4). Polyxena
11 (4). Cassandra, m- Agamemnon, king of Mycenae
12 (4). Gehlen (Helen), king of the molossians, w1-?, Widow of the Phoenix, king of the molossians, w2- Andromache, daughter of Eetion, king of Lirness, see From Gelen of Trojan to the Merovingians
http://gugukaran.narod.ru/miph/priamids.html#helen

ROSPRICE

ANCIENT GREEK MYTHOLOGY

DESCENDANTS OF GELEN TROYANSKY

Gelen (Helen), king of the molossians, w1-?, Widow of Phoenix, king of the molossians, w2- Andromache, daughter of Eethion, king of Lyrness
1 (1). Genger
1.1. Franco
1.1.1. Esdron
1.1.1.1. Gelio (Gelio, Selio)
1.1.1.1.1. Basabiliano (I)
1.1.1.1.1.1. Plaserio (I)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Plesron, Plasron (I)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Eliacor
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Gaberiano
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Plaserio (II)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Antenor (II)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Priam (II)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Helenus (II)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Plesron, Plasron (II)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Basabiliano (II)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Alexander (Alexander, Alexandre)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Priam (III)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Getmalor
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Almadion (Almadion, Almodian)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Dilulgic, Diluglie
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Helenus (III)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Plaserio (Plasenio) (III)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Diluglio
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Marconir, Marcomir
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Priam (Driam) (IV)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Helenus (IV)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Antenor (III) (+433 BC), king of the Cimmerians in the Black Sea, see Kings of the Cimmerians and Sycambres
http://gugukaran.narod.ru/miph/helenids.html#antenor3

KINGS OF CIMMERIANS AND SICAMBRA

Antenor (III) (+433 BC), king of the Cimmerians of the Black Sea
1. Marcomir I (+412 BC), king of the Cimmerians
1.1. Antenor (IV), king of the Cimmerians, f- Cambra, in her honor the Cimmerian tribe changed its name to the Sycamber
1.1.1. Priam (Priamus, Priam, Prenus) (V) (+358 BC), king of the sicambras
1.1.1.1. Helenus (V) (+339 BC), King of the Sycambres
1.1.1.1.1. Diocles (+300 BC), King of the Sycambres
1.1.1.1.1.1. Bassanus Magnus (+241 BC), king of the sycambs, f-?, Daughter of Orcades, king of Norway
1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Clodomir (Clodimir) I (+232 BC), King of the Sycambres (or husband of Sedanus, daughter of Bassan Magna)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Nicanor (+198 BC), king of the sicambres
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Marcomir II (+170 BC), king of the Sycamber
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Clodius I (+159 BC), king of the sicambres
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Antenor (V) (+143 BC), king of the Sycambres
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Clodomir (Clodimir) II (+123 BC), king of the sicambres
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Nerodicus (+95), king of the sycamores
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Cassander (+74 BC), king of the sicambres
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Antarius or Octavius (+39 BC), king of the sicambres
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Frank (Francus) (+11 BC), king of the Sicambres, in her honor the Sicambri tribe changed the name to Franks,
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Claude (Clod)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Clodius (Clodie) II (+20 AD), King of the West Franks
see First Kings of the Franks

EUROPE UNTIL 1000

FIRST KINGS OF FRANCES

Clodius (Clodie) II (+20 AD), King of the West Franks
1. Marcomir III (+50), king of the west francs
1.1. Clodomir, Clodemir III (+63), King of the West Franks
1.1.1. Antenor (VI) (+69), king of the west francs
1.1.1.1. Ratherius (+90), King of the Franks
1.1.1.1.1. Richemel, Richemer I (+114), King of the Franks, f- Ascyla
1.1.1.1.1.1. Odomar (Odomir) (+128), king of the Franks
1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Markomir (Marcomir) IV (+149), king of the Franks, f- Atilda of Britain (90-129)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Clodomir, Clodmir IV (+166), King of the Franks, f- Hafilda, Princess of Rugia
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Farabert (+186), king of the Franks
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Sanno (Sunno, Huano) (+213), king of the Franks
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Hilderic (+253), king of the Franks
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Berter (Bertherus, Bartherus) (+272), king of the Franks
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Clodius III (+298), king of the Franks
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Walter (+306), king of the Franks
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Dagobert I (+317), King / Duke of East Franks, see PART 2

Dagobert I (+317), King / Duke of East Franks
1. Clodius IV, king of the Franks
2. Clodomir V, King of the West Franks
2.1. Richemel II, King / Duke of the West Franks, Matilda
2.1.1. Theodomir, King / Duke of the West Franks
2.1.1.1. Clodius (V), King / Duke of the West Franks
2.1.1.1.1. Dagobert (III), King / Duke of the West Franks
2.1.1.1.1.1. Genebald, King / Duke of the West Franks
2.1.1.1.1.1.1. Argotta, m- Pharamond (+425), king of the Franks
3. Genebad (Genebald) (+358), Duke of East Franks
3.1. Dagobert (II) (+379), Duke of East Franks
3.1.1. Clodius (VI), Duke of East Franks
3.1.1.1. Marcomir (V) (+404), Duke of East Franks
3.1.1.1.1. Pharamond (+425), king of the Franks, f- Argotta
3.1.1.1.1.1. Clodius (VII) (+445), king of the Franks, f- Bazina of Thuringia (* 398), daughter of Wedelf of Thuringia
3.1.1.1.1.1.1. Merovey (415-457), king of the Franks, f- Verica, see Merovingians
3.1.1.1.1.1.2. Alberic (+491), f- Argotta, daughter of Theodoric of Verona
3.1.1.1.1.1.2.1. Wambert, w- Lucilla
3.1.1.1.1.1.2.1.1. Ansbert of Moselle (+570), f- Blitilda, daughter of Clothar I, king of the Franks
3.1.1.1.1.1.2.1.1.1. Arnold (562-601), f- Ada Swabian
3.1.1.1.1.1.2.1.1.1.1. Arnold Saint Geristalsky, Bishop de Metz (582-641), f- 611 Doda of Savoy
3.1.1.1.1.1.2.1.1.1.1.1. Claudulf (615-718), Duke of Austrasia, see Dukes of Mosel
3.1.1.1.1.1.2.1.1.1.1.2. Ansegisel (Angelik, Ansegiz), maordom of Austrasia (602-685 / 694), f- Begga Landen (+698), see Carolingians
3.1.1.1.1.1.2.1.1.1.2. Itta de Metz (597-652), m- Pepin I (591-639), Major of Austrasia, Duke of Brabant (father - Carloman (570-615), Maord of Austrasia, son of Charles, Earl of Brabant)
3.1.1.1.1.1.2.1.1.1.2.1. Grimoald I (+656), Major of Australasia
3.1.1.1.1.1.2.1.1.1.2.2. Begga Landenskaya (+698), m- Ansegizel, maordom of Austrasia (+685)
3.1.1.1.1.1.2.1.1.2. Gertrude (+615), m- Rickemer, Duke of the Franks
3.1.1.1.1.1.2.1.1.2.1. Gerberg, m- Eggo (+646)
http://gugukaran.narod.ru/europa1000/frank.html

INFO-GENEALOG

ROSPRICE
ANCIENT ROME
ASPARS AND AREOVINDES

Flavius Ardavur (the Elder), Consul of the East in 427
1. Flavius Ardavur Aspar (+471), "ruler of the Eastern Roman Empire", consul of the West in 433, an all-powerful patrician and commander under the emperors Marcian and Leo I, f-? (Sister (? Or daughter) of Triarius)
1.1. Flavius Ardavur (the Younger), patrician, consul of the East in 447
1.1.1. Godysphea (Diagisphea), m- Flavius Dagalaf, consul of the East in 461, son of Flavius Areovind, patrician and consul of the East in 434
1.1.1.1. Flavius Areovind Dagalaf Areovind, consul of the East in 506, emperor in 512, f - from 482 Julia Anicius Flavia
1.1.1.1.1. Flavius Anicius Olibrius Probus (+ between 524 and 527), consul of the East at 491, f- Irina
1.1.1.1.1.1. Probe (+542), J- Aviena
1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Sample, m- Rogas, Libya committee
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Evdokia Fabia Proba (+13.08.612), m-imp. Heraclius I (575-11.02.641), see HERACLEAN DYNASTY
1.1.1.1.1.2. Sample, m - Sample
1.1.1.1.1.2.1. Juliana, m- Anastasius (possibly the grandson of Empress Theodora, wife of Emperor Justinian I)
1.1.1.1.1.2.1.1. Areovind
1.1.1.1.1.2.1.2. Sample, m - Georgy
1.1.1.1.1.2.1.3. Placidia, m- John Mistacon
1.1.1.1.2. Dagalaf
1.1.1.1.2.1 (possibly). Areovind (+546), j- Preyekta
2.2. Julius Patrick (+471), Caesar at 470, f- 470 Leonty
2.3. Germanarich (Ermanarich, Germineric) the Younger

Http://gugukaran.narod.ru/roma/asparii_areobindii.html

The news on this site has ceased eternal 2004. But there is a chance to have time to download some useful data from it. They need to be checked over the Internet, taking into account modern scientific concepts.

INFO-GENEALOG
Russian-language site about the genealogy of aristocratic families of the world
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ROSPRICE
ANCIENT GREEK MYTHOLOGY
Descendants of Chaos
DESCENDANTS OF CHAOS
Chaos
1. Erebus-Gloom, w-Nikta-Night, see Descendants of Erebus and Nikta
2. Tartarus, w- Gaia-Earth, see Descendants of Tartarus and Gaia
3. Nikta-Night, m-Erebus-Darkness
4. Hea-Earth, m1- Uranus-Sky, m2- Pont-More, m3- Tartarus, m4- Zeus, m5- Poseidon, m6- Hephaestus
4.1. Uranus-Heaven, f- Gaia-Earth, see Descendants of Uranus and Gaia
4.2. Acheron, river god, f-Orfna, nymph
4.2.1. Askalaf
4.3. Python, dragon
4.4. Alp
4.5. Leleg (Leleks), king of Megara and Lacedaemon, w- Peridaeus
4.5.1. Miletus (Miles), king of Laconian
4.5.1.1. Evrotant, river god, king of Laconian
4.5.1.1.1. Sparta, m- Lacedaemon, king of Sparta
4.5.2. Cleson, king of Megara
4.5.2.1. Clesot
4.5.2.2. Tavropolis
4.5.2.3. Pilas, king of Megara
4.5.2.3.1. Piliya, m- Pandion, 8th king of Athens
4.5.2.3.2. Skiron
4.5.3. Byant
4.5.4. Polycaon, king of Messenia, f-Messene
4.5.5. Boomolch
4.5.6. Ferampa
4.6. Aktey, king of Aktea
4.6.1. Aglavra I, m- Kekrop I, 1st king of Athens
4.7. Cecrop I, 1st king of Athens, f- Aglavra I
4.7.1. Erisichton
4.7.2. Aglavra II, m- Ares
4.7.2.1. Alcippa, m- Eupalamus
4.7.3. Hersa
4.7.4. Pandros
4.8. Cranai, 2nd king of Athens, w- Pediada, daughter of Mines
4.8.1. Cranaichma
4.8.2. Attida
4.8.3. Kranaya, m- Amphictyon, 3rd king of Athens
4.9. Gill
4.10. Damasen
4.11. Kres, king of Crete
4.11.1. Olympus
4.11.2. Melisseus, king of Crete
4.11.2.1. Adrastea
4.11.2.2. Amalfea
4.11.2.3. Melissa
4.11.2.4. Ida
4.12. Fley
4.12.1. Kelen
4.12.1.1. Kavkon
4.13. Anakt
4.13.1. Asterius
5. Eros-Love

Descendants of Erebus and Nikta
Erebus-Gloom, w-Nikta-Night
1. Gemera Day
2. Ether-Light, w- Gaia-Earth
2.1. Pontus-More, f- Gaia-Earth, see Descendants of Pontus and Gaia
3. Chiron
4. Thanat-Death
5. Hypnos-Sleep
5.1. Morpheus Nightmare
6. Eris-Discord, m-Zeus
6.1. Ata-Delusion
6.2. Lim-Hunger
6.3. Algos-Pain
6.4. Crazy Mania
6.5. Lef Oblivion
6.6. Pon-Punishment
6.7. Gork-Oath
6.8. Anarchy
6.9. Lie
6.10. Murder
6.11. Battle
6.12. Dispute
7. Nemesis-Revenge
8. Mom-Taunt
9. Apata-Deception
10. Geras-Old Age
11. Aglaya, hesperis
12. Erythia, hesperis
13. Hesperaretus, Hesperis

Descendants of Pontus and Gaia
DESCENDANTS OF PONTA AND GEA
Pont-More, f- Gaia-Earth
1. Keto, titanide, m- Forky, sea god
2. Tavmant, the giant sea god, w- Electra, oceanida
2.1. Keleno, the harpy
2.2. Gout, harpy, m- Zephyr, god of the west wind
2.3. Okipeta, harpy
2.4. Aella, the harpy
2.5. Iris-Rainbow, messenger of the gods
3. Nereus, the sea old man, w- Doris, oceanis
3.1. Neritey
3.2. Thetis, nereis, m- Peleus, king of Thessaly
3.3. Psamaph, nereid, m- Eak, king of the Myrmidons
3.4. Amphitrite, nereid, m- Poseidon
3.4.1. Bentesikima
3.4.2. Triton, the sea god
3.4.2.1. Pallant
3.4.2.2. Tritia, sea goddess, m-Ares
3.4.2.2.1. Melanippus
4. Forky, sea god, w1- Keto, titanide, w2- Krateid, nymph
4.1 (1). Sfeno, gorgon
4.2 (1). Euryale, gorgon, m- Poseidon
4.2.1. Orion, w- Cedea
4.2.1.1. Metiochus, coronida
4.2.1.2. Menippus, Coronis
4.3 (1). Medusa, gorgon, m- Poseidon
4.3.1. Pegasus, the winged horse
4.3.2. Chrysaor, monster, w-Calliroya, oceanida
4.3.2.1. Geryon, the monster
4.3.2.2. Echidna, monster, m1- Typhon, monster, m2- Orph, dog, m3- Hercules
4.4 (1). Toosa, nymph, m-Poseidon
4.4.1. Polyphemus, Cyclops
4.5 (1). Enio, the harpy
4.6 (1). Pemfredo, the harpy
4.7 (1). Dino, the harpy
4.8 (1). Ladon, dragon
4.9 (1). Giant snake
4.10 (2). Scylla, the monster
5 Eurybia, titanide, m-Crius, titanium
6. Galia (Leucothea), m1- Poseidon, m2- Zeus
6.1 (1). Rod, nymph, m-Helios-Sun
6.2 (2). Demodica
6.3 (2). Pactol
6.3.1. Euryanassa, nymph, m- Tantalus I, king of Phrygia

Descendants of Tartarus and Gaia
Tartarus, w- Gaia-Earth
1. Typhon, the monster, f- Echidna, the monster
1.1. Chimera
1.2. Orff, dog, f- Echidna, monster
1.2.1. Nemean lion
1.2.2. Sphinx
1.2.3. Faeya
1.3. Cerberus, hellhound
1.4. Lernaean hydra
1.5. Giant eagle

Descendants of Uranus and Gaia
Uranus-Sky, w- Gaia-Earth
1. Ocean, titanium, w- Tephis, titanide, w2- Gaia-Earth, w3- Parthenopa, w4- Argia, see Descendants of the Ocean and Tefis
1.1 (2). Creusa (Filira), nymph, m-Peney, river god
1.2 (3). Europe
1.3 (3). Thrace
1.4 (4). Melia, nymph, m-Inah, river god
1.5 (?). Kaanth
2. Iapetus, titan, w- Klymene, oceanis, see Descendants of Iapetus and Klymene
3. Hyperion, titan, w- Theia, titanide, see Descendants of Hyperion and Theia
4. Krius, titan, f- Eurybia, titanide, see Descendants of Kriya and Eurybia
5. Koy, titan, f- Phoebe, titanide, see Descendants of Koy and Phoebe
6. Crone, titanium, w1- Rhea, titanide, w2- Filir, oceanida
6.1 (1). Hestia
6.2 (1). Demeter, m1- Iason, m2- Zeus, m3- Poseidon
6.3 (1). Hera, m- Zeus
6.4 (1). Hades (Hades), w- Persephone
6.5 (1). Poseidon, see Descendants of Poseidon
6.6 (1). Zeus, see Descendants of Zeus
6.7 (2). Chiron, centaur, f- Chariklo, oceanida
6.7.1. Hippa, m- Aeolus, king of Orchomenos and Thessaly
6.8 (?). Nin, king of Nineveh and Babylon, w- Semiramis, queen of Nineveh and Babylon
7. Tefida, titanide, m- Ocean, titanium
8. Rhea, titanide, m1- Crown, titanium, m2- Iasion, m3- Gordius
9. Theia, titanide, m-Hyperion, titan
10. Phoebe, titanide, m-Coy, titanium
11. Mnemosyne, titanide, m- Zeus, see Muses and their descendants
12. Themis, titanide, m- Zeus
13. Bront, Cyclops
14. Sterop, Cyclops
15. Arg, Cyclops
16. Cott, Hecatoncheir
17. Briareus, Hecatoncheir
17.1. Etna, nymph, m- Hephaestus
17.1.1. Talleya, m- Zeus
17.2. Sikan
17.2.1. Polyphemus
17.2.2. Antiphatus, king of the Lestrigones
17.2.3. Cyclops
18. Guy, Hecatoncheir
19. Tisiphona, Erinia
20. Alecto, Erinia
21. Vixen, Erinia
22. Aphrodite, m1- Hermes, m2- Ares, m3- Hephaestus, m4- Booth
23. Kalidnus, king of Thebes

Descendants of the Ocean and Tefida
Ocean, titanium, w1- Tefida, titanide
1.1. Calliroya, oceanida, m1- Nile, river god, m2- Man, king of Lydia, m3- Chrysaor, monster
1.2. Perseid, oceanis, m-Helios-Sun
1.3. Chariklo, oceanida, m- Chiron, centaur
1.4. Eurynome, oceanis, m1- Ophion, the serpent-lord of Olympus, m2- Zeus, m3- Orham
1.4.1 (3). Levkotoya, m- Helios-Sun
1.4.1. Asopus, river god, king of Plataea, f- Metope, nymph, see Asopis
1.4.2. Waist, Kharita
1.4.3. Euphrosina, Kharita
1.4.4. Aglaya, kharita
1.5. Melia, oceanida, m- Apollo
1.5.1. Tener
1.5.2. Ismen
1.5.2.1. Strophy
1.5.2.2. Dirk, m- Lik II, king of Thebes
1.6. Dorida, oceanida, m- Nereus, sea old man
1.7. Pleione, oceanida, m- Atlas (Atlas), titanium
1.8. Okirroya, oceanida, m-Helios-Sun
1.9. Klymene, oceanis, m1- Iapet, titanium, m2- Helios-Sun
1.10. Meliboy, oceanis, m- Pelasgus I, king of Arcadia
1.11. Pluto, oceanida, m- Zeus
1.11.1. Tantalus I, king of Phrygia, w1- Dione, giada, w2- Euryanassa, nymph, see Tantalides
1.12. Metis, oceanis, m- Zeus
1.12.1. Por, w-Singing
1.12.2. Athena
1.13. Electra, oceanida, m-Tavmant, giant sea god
1.14. Ladon, river god, w1- Gaia-Earth, w2- Stimfalida
1.14.1 (1). Daphne, nymph
1.14.2 (2). Themis, nymph, m- Hermes
1.14.2.1. Evander
1.14.2.1.1. Dirney
1.14.2.1.2. Thomas
1.14.2.1.3. Pallant
1.14.3 (2). Metope. nymph, m- Asop, river god, king of Plataea
1.15. Peneus, river god, f- Creusa (Filira), nymph, see Peneids
1.16. Mel, river god, f- Critheida, nymph, daughter of Apella
1.17. Crimis, river god, f- Egesta (Segesta)
1.17.1. Egest (Akest), king of Drepanon
1.18. Kefis, river god, j- Lavriopa, nymph
1.18.1. Narcissus
1.18.2. Diogeny, nymph, m- Phrasim
1.18.2.1. Praxitheus II, m- Erechtheus, 6th king of Athens
1.19. Nile, river god, w-Kalliroya, oceanida
1.19.1. Memphis, nymph, m- Epaph, king of Egypt
1.19.2. Ankhinoya, nymph, m1- Proteus, king of Egypt, m2- Bel, king of Egypt and Libya, m3- Siphon, king of Chersonese
1.19.2.1 (1). Kabiro, m- Hephaestus
1.19.2.1.1. Cadmil
1.19.2.1.1.1. Alcon
1.19.2.1.1.2. Eurymedon
1.19.3. Europe, nymph, m- Danai, king of Argos
1.19.4. Chione, nymph
1.20. Asterion, the river god
1.20.1. Prosimna, nymph
1.20.2. Euboea, nymph
1.20.3. Acreus, nymph
1.21. Eridanus, river god
1.21.1. Praxitheus I, m- Erichthonius, 4th king of Athens
1.21.2. Zeuxippus, m- Pandion I, 5th king of Athens
1.22. Simoid, river god
1.22.1. Astiochus I, nymph, m- Erichthonius, king of the Dardans
1.22.2. Hieromnena, nymph, m- Assarak, king of the Dardans
1.23. Meander, river god
1.23.1. Kalam
1.23.2. Kianea, nymph
1.23.3. Calliroya, nymph
1.23.4. Samia, nymph
1.24. Keakin, river god
1.24.1. Euthymus
1.25. Axiy, river god
1.25.1. Asteropeus
1.26. Kebrun, river god
1.26.1. Enona, nymph, m- Paris (Alexander)
1.27. Aheloy, river god, f- Melpomene, muse
1.27.1. Calliroya, nymph, m- Alcmeon, king of Argos
1.27.2. Castalia, nymph, m- Delph, king Delph
1.27.3. Lygia, nymph
1.27.4. Leukosia, nymph
1.27.5. Parthenope, nymph
1.28. Alpheus, river god, king of Far, w-Telegona
1.28.1. Ortiloch (Orsioloch) I, king of Far
1.28.1.1. Diocles (Diocles), king of Far
1.28.1.1.1. Anticlea, m1- Swallowtail, m2- Hephaestus
1.28.1.1.1.1 (2). Periphet
1.28.1.1.2. Crefon
1.28.1.1.3. Ortiloch (Orsioloch) II
1.29. Imbras, river god, f- Hesiada, nymph
1.29.1. Okirroya, nymph, m- Apollo
1.29.1.1. Imbras
1.30. Sangarius, the river god
1.30.1. Nana, nymph, m- Agdistid
1.30.2. Nicaea, nymph, m- Dionysus
1.30.2.1. Satyr
1.30.2.2. Thelet
1.30.3. ?(a son)
1.30.3.1. Dimant, king of Phrygia, w- Evnoya, nymph
1.30.3.1.1. Otraus, king of Phrygia
1.30.3.1.2. Asia
1.30.3.1.3. Hecuba, m- Priam (Podark), king of Troy
1.31. Istria, river god
1.31.1. Aktey
1.31.2. Gelor
1.32. Sperhei, river god, w- Polydora
1.32.1. Menestius
1.33. Sebef, river god
1.33.1. Sebefida, nymph, m-Telon, king of Cyprus
1.33.1.1. Ebal
1.34. Inah, river god, w- Melia, nymph, see Inahid
1.35. Evrat, the river god
1.35.1. Pitana, nymph, m-Poseidon
1.35.1.1. Evadna, m- Apollo
1.35.1.1.1. I am
1.36. Filira, oceanida, m- Cron, titanium
1.37. Idia, oceanis, m-Eet, king of Colchis
1.38. Styx, oceanida, m-Pallant, titanium
+ Asopids
+ Eakids
+ Tantalides
+ Atrides
+ Peneids
+ Inahids
+ Pelasguides
+ Epaphids
+ Egyptids
+ Perseids
+ Heraclides
+ Danaids
+ Cadmides
+ Minosides
+ Aegialeids
+ Descendants of Iapetus and Klymene
+ Lacedaemonids
+ Dardanids
+ Priamides
+ Descendants of Gehlen of Trojan
+ Descendants of Memnon of Ethiopia
+ Aeneids
+ Descendants of Hermes
+ Nycteids
+ Hellenids
+ Sisifids
+ Afamantis
+ Salmoneids
+ Deionides
+ Creteids
+ Amphictyonides
+ Efliids
+ Descendants of Hyperion and Theia
+ Descendants of Kriya and Eurybia
+ Descendants of Koy and Phoebe
+ Descendants of Poseidon
+ Descendants of Zeus
+ Descendants of Ares
+ Descendants of Hephaestus
+ Muses and their descendants
ANCIENT EGYPT
2nd dynasty
3rd dynasty
4th dynasty
5th dynasty
6th dynasty
11th dynasty
12th dynasty
13th and 17th dynasties
15th dynasty
17th dynasty
18th dynasty,
19th dynasty
20th dynasty
21st dynasty
22nd, 23rd and 24th dynasties
26th dynasty
Lagids (Kings of Egypt)
ANCIENT GREECE
Temenids (Kings of Argos)
+ Argeads (Kings of Macedonia)
+ Princes of Elimiotia
Epitides (Kings of Messenia)
Agids (Kings of the Laconian)
Eurypontids (Kings of the Laconic)
Battids (Kings of Cyrene)
Kypselides (Tyrants of Corinth)
Orphagorids (Tyrants of Sicyon)
Alkmaeonids (Archons of Athens)
Pisistratids (Tyrants of Athens)
Philaids (Tyrants of Chersonesos)
Silosonids (Tyrants of Samos)
Emmenids (Tyrants of Akragant)
Dinomenids (Tyrants of Gela and Syracuse)
Tyrants Regia
+ Tyrants Fer
Tyrants of Heraclea
Dionysiades (Tyrants of Syracuse)
Agathoclides (Tyrants of Syracuse)
Basilids (kings of Ephesus)
Pyrrides (Kings of Epirus)
Kings of Pharsal
Iolaides (Kings of Macedonia)
Lysimachids (Kings of Thrace and Macedonia)
Antigonids (Kings of Macedonia)
Orestids (Noble Macedonian family)
Parmenionids (Noble Macedonian family)
Odris Kings
THE ANCIENT EAST
Kings of Mitanni
Mermnads (Kings of Lydia)
Fraortids (Kings of the Media)
Achaemenids (Kings of Persia)
+ Maurya
+ Mithridatids (Kings of Pontus and Bosporus)
+ Polemonids (Kings of Pontus and Bosporus)
+ Aspurgids (Kings of the Bosporus)
+ Ariartis (Kings of Cappadocia)
+ Ervantids (Kings of Armenia)
+ Ptolemaids (Kings of Commagene)
+ Artashesids (Kings of Armenia and Iberia)
Tyrants Troas
Seleucids (Kings of Syria)
Kings of Bithynia
Spartokids (Kings of the Bosporus)
Farnavazids (Kings of Iberia)
Arshakids (Kings of Parthia, Middle Atropatena, Armenia and Iberia)
Kings of Bactria
Sassanids (Shahi of Persia)
ANCIENT ROME

Aurelia Cotta
Adelphia
Anitsii
Antistiya
Antonia
Appulei
Arrezia (Arrezina)
Arruntia
Aspara and Areovinda
Acilia
Bruttia
Vitellias
Gavia
Calvisia
Calpurnia Pysons
Claudia
Libya
Navtia
Octavia
Olibria
Petronii
Rustics
Triarii
Flavia
Flavia 3
Flavia 4
Fulvia
Celsius
Ebutia
Elia
Emilia
Emilia Lepida
Errucia
Julia
Junius Silanes
Dynasty of Justin
EUROPE UNTIL 1000
Vandal Kings
Surname Amal (kings of the Ostrogoths)
Surname Balt (kings of the Visigoths)
+ The first kings of the Burgundians
Kings of the Cimmerians and Sicambres
+ The first kings of the Franks
Suevi kings
Kings of the huns
Dynasty Odoacer
Rugian kings
Saxon Leaders (Ancestors of Odin)
+ The offspring of Odin
+ Kings of Bernice and Northumbria.

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ROSPRICE
EUROPE UNTIL 1000
KINGS OF VANDALS
(not included kings of earlier times)
Godegisel (+409), king of the vandals
1. Guntarich, king of the Vandals in 409-428
2. Geisarich, king of the Vandals in 428-477
2.1. Gunerik, king of the Vandals in 477-484, w1-?, Daughter of Theodoric I, king of the Visigoths, w2- Evdokia
2.1.1. Gilderic (+532), king of the vandals at 523-530
2.2. Genton
2.2.1. Guntamund, king of the Vandals in 484-496
2.2.2. Thrasamund (+523), king of the Vandals in 496-523, f- Amalafrida the Elder, daughter of Theodemir, king of the Ostrogoths
2.2.3. Geylaris
2.2.3.1. Gelimar, king of the Vandals in 530-534
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ROSPRICE
EUROPE UNTIL 1000
SURNAME AMAL (KINGS OF OSTGOTS)
PART 1 - Legendary Amals
Gaut (Gapt), "The Father of the Goths and the Gouts", the Scandinavian (Anssian or Ass) god of warriors; leads military squads in Scandinavia and southern Germany, the founder of many nations (about 86/87 won the "initial" victory over the Romans); possibly the hypostasis of Odin-Wodan
1. Gumal (Khulmul, Khumil, Khumli, Khulmul), "Father of the Danes", the god of the Danes
1.1. Ogis (Avgis, Avigis)
1.1.1. Amal, "Father of Amals"
1.1.1.1. Gizarnis (Hisarna, Khizarna) [Iron]
1.1.1.1.1. Ostrogotha [Shining Goth], "Father of the Ostrogoths", the king of the Pontic (Black Sea) Goths in before 245-after 291 ("the first Ansso-Amal king in South Russian Scythia"); ca 291 defeated a related tribe of Gepids in the war, whose king was Fastida (the decisive battle on the river Auche near the oppidum Galtis); under him, the "royal Scythians" became known as Grevtungs ["inhabitants of the steppes"], and the part of the Goths that broke away from the kingdom - Terving or Vez
1.1.1.1.1.1. Gunuil (Hunuil) [Invulnerable to Witchcraft]
1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Athal [The Noble]
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Achiulf (Achiulf, Agiulf) (Achiulf)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2. Odulf (Oduulf)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.1. Ansila [Small Anse]
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.2. Ediulf (Edivulf)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.3. Woululf (Wultulf), see PART 2 - Royal Branch
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.4. Germanarik (Ermanarich) (about 265 - about 375), king of the Grevtungs and Ostrogoths, see PART 3 - Descendants of Germanarich
PART 2 - Royal Branch
Woululf (Wultulf)
1. Valaravance
1.1. Vinitarius (Vitimir) [Winner of the Wends (Slavs)] (Vinitharius aequitas) (Vithimirius) (+376), the prince is ready in 375-376, attacked the country of the Antes and ordered to crucify their king God, his sons and 70 elders; a year later, the Hunnic king Balamber, in alliance with Amal Gezimund, opposed Vinitarius; in a long strife Vinitarius won twice, but in the third battle, on the Erak River, he was killed by an arrow of King Balamber himself in the head
1.1.1. Vandalarius (Viderik) [Winner of the Vandals] (Vandalarius), king of the Grevtungs, in the fall of 376 his guardians, dux Alatey and the leader of the Alans Safrak, brought Vandalarius to the Lower Danube
1.1.1.1. Valamir (+468/469), the supreme king of the Pannonian Goths (up to 451-468 / 469), together with the Gepidian king Ardarich belonged to a narrow circle of confidants of the Hunnic king Attila, in whose army, defeated in the Catalaunian fields, Valamir commanded the Ostrogoths; under his command, Amals Andela and Andagis fought on the side of the Huns in 451, who after the collapse of the Hunnic kingdom separated from Valamir
1.1.1.1.1. (?, cousin of Theoderich) Guizot (+487), m- from about 470 Feletay (Feva) (+487), king of the rugians
1.1.1.2. Teudimir (Teodemir) (Theudimir) (+474), king (pietas) of the Ostrogoths in 468 / 469-474, together with his brother Vidimir until 473, until 468/469 owned the territory of northeastern Croatia, the king of the Goths in Macedonia in 473-474 ; adopted the King of the Suevi Gunimund, w- Eriliv (Ereleuv, Eriliev, Eusebi), concubine
1.1.1.2.1. Amalafrida the Elder (+525), her subordinate to Trasamund was the city of Lilybea in Sicily, m1- (?) Theodebert, king of the Lombards, m2- with 500 Thrasamund (+523), king of the Vandals in 496- 523
1.1.1.2.1.1 (1). Theodat (Theodahad, Theodebald) (Theodahas) (+536), king of the Ostrogoths in 534-536, g1- Gudeliva, g2- Amalasunta (+535), queen of the Ostrogoths
1.1.1.2.1.1.1 (1). Theodegisel (Theudegisklos) (killed at a banquet in Seville), Visigothic duke, expelled the Franks in 541, King of the Visigoths in 548-549
1.1.1.2.1.1.2 (1). Theodenanda, m- Ebrimud
1.1.1.2.1.1.2.1. ? (son) (+ about 536, child)
1.1.1.2.1.2 (1). Amalaberga, m- Hermanfried (Herminafrid), King of the Turingings
1.1.1.2.1.2.1. Amalafrida the Younger (Amalafridas)
1.1.1.2.1.2.2. ? (daughter), m- Avdoin, king of the Lombards in 540 / 547-560 / 561
1.1.1.2.1.2.2.1. Alboin, king of the Lombards
1.1.1.2.2. ? (daughter) (+479)
1.1.1.2.3. Theoderich (Theodoric) the Great (c. 454-526), king of the Ostrogoths in 474-526, consul in 484, 485 and 519; by order of Theoderich, noble Gothic comites were beheaded: in Rome, in the palace of Sessorio in 500 - Odoin (namesake of the Lombard king Avdoin), in Mediolan in 514 - Pitza (Pittsia), g1-? (? concubine), g2- Odefleda, daughter of Childeric I, king of the francs, w3-? (? Concubine)
1.1.1.2.3.1 (1). Theodigota (Tiudigoto) (Thiudigotho), m- Alaric II, king of the Visigoths in 484-507
1.1.1.2.3.2 (1). Ostrogotho, m- Sigismund, King of the Burgundians
1.1.1.2.3.3 (2). Amalasuintha (+535), queen of the Ostrogoths, m1- Eutarik Kitilla (Eutharich) (+522/525), m2- Theodatus (Theodebald) (+536), king of the Ostrogoths in 534-536
1.1.1.2.3.3.1 (1). Athalarich (+534), king of the Ostrogoths in 526-534
1.1.1.2.3.3.2 (1). Matasuntha, queen of the Ostrogoths, m1- Vitigis (+542), king of the Ostrogoths in 536-540, m2- Herman (+550)
1.1.1.2.3.4 (3). ? (daughter), m- Tuluin
1.1.1.2.3.5 (3). ? (daughter), m- Flavius Maxim
1.1.1.2.3.6 (adopted). Rodulf, King of the Eruls
1.1.1.2.4. Theudimund, ref. in 479, as the commander of his brother Theoderich
1.1.1.2.5. Theodagunda
1.1.1.2.6. Thrasamund
1.1.1.3. Vidimir the Elder (+473/474, Italy), king of the Ostrogoths in 468 / 469-473 / 474, together with his brother Teudimir, until 468/469 owned the territory of Upper Slavonia, in 473 he invaded Italy
1.1.1.3.1. Vidimir the Younger, identified with Vittimar, inherited the army of the Goths and fought unsuccessfully under his command in Italy; by order of the emperor Glyceria, he went from Italy to the Visigoth (Toulouse) king Eurychus, who settled in Limousin
1.1.1.4. ? (daughter), m- Theodoric (Theoderic) Strabo "Oblique"
1.1.2. ? (son) see PART 4 - Younger branch
1.2. ?
1.2.1. Valdamerca, m-Balamber (Balimber), king of the Huns in 376
PART 3 - Descendants of Germanarich
Germanarik (Ermanarich) (c. 265-c. 375), king of the Grevtungs and Ostrogoths; created a great tribal power; conquered the "peoples of the North" (on the Upper Volga); subdued in the Black Sea region (on the Lower Don) the king of the Eruls ["swift"] Alaric (a possible maternal ancestor of Alaric I, the king of the Visigoths); executed the wife of the Rosomon king ["swift" or "red-haired"] Svanhilda (Sunilda), for which he was later mortally wounded by her brothers Ammiy (Hamdir) and Sar (Sirly); at the end of his life suffered a heavy defeat from the Huns; suffering from defeat and his wound, he sacrificed himself to the Gothic god Irmin
1. (?) Gunimund (Hunimund) the Elder
1.1. Gesimund (Gesimund) the Elder, the first king of the Goths under the Hunnic rule; as a vassal of the Hunnic king Balamber, together with him he waged a war with the Gothic prince Vinitarius in 376
1.1.1. (?) Gesimund (Gesimund) the Younger, "Amal's son in arms", regent of the kingdom is ready with the young brothers Valamir, Teudimir and Vidimir in about 430-about 440
1.1.1.1. Gunimund (Hunimund), king of the Danube Suevi circa 467/468 (in North Pannonia and South Slovakia); raided the lands of the Gothic king Teudimir, but his Suevi, laden with prey, were defeated at Lake Balaton in pursuit, and the Suevi king himself was captured; being in captivity, he was adopted by King Teudimir as "Amal's son in arms"; lost his crown when the Suevi joined their kindred Alamans
2. Gunimund (Hunimund) the Younger, the prince is ready since 376, defeated the Suevi in Pannonia
2.1. Thorismund (+ up to 427, died in a battle with the Gepids in Pannonia), the prince is ready until 427
2.1.1. Berimund, followed the Vesygotes to the west in 427, unsuccessfully tried to become the king of the Toulouse Goths, i.e. heir to the Visigothic king Valia
2.1.1.1. Veterik (Vidirikh) (Vetericus), taken by his father to the Vesigots in 427 in the Kingdom of Toulouse; in 439 he took a pro-Roman position and showed himself as a talented commander; wanted with Roman help to overthrow the Visigoth king Theoderis and become king himself
2.1.1.1.1. Eutharich (+522/525), heir to the throne since 515, consul in 519 under the name of Flavius Eutarich Cilliga (together with Theoderic the Great); adopted by Emperor Justin II as a "son in arms", f- Amalasunta (+535), queen of the Ostrogoths
PART 4 - Younger Branch
? (possibly the son of Vinitarius)
1. Triarius (+455/459), the leader of the Goths, subordinate to Constantinople
1.1. Theodoric (Theoderic) Strabo "Oblique" (+481), king of Thrace since 473, the leader of the Goths, subordinate to Constantinople, the aunt (? Or sister) of Theoderic the Great
1.1.1. Rekitach, killed by King Theoderic the Great for killing his uncle
1.2. ? (son), killed by Rekitah
1.3. ?(a son)
2.? (Sister (? Or daughter) of Triarius), m- Flavius Ardavur Aspar (+471), "lord of the Eastern Roman Empire", consul of the West in 433, all-powerful patrician and commander under the emperors Marcian and Leo I
3. Germanarich (Ermanarich) the Elder
SECTION 5 - Amals and kings whose relationship to the main tree is unclear
Kniva, the king is ready, (?) Subordinate to the king Ostrogoth, his commanders - Agrayt (Argyt or Argunt, "the king of the Scythians", or, Argunt is a collective name from Argyt and Guntherikh) and Guntherikh
Andela (from the Amal family)
1. Andagis, f-?, Sister of Alan Kandak (Candac)
1.1. Gunthigis Baza
?
1. Aidoing (Aidoingus comes domensticorum)
2. ?
2.1. Sidimund
Erarich, king of the Ostrogoths in 541
?
1. Ildebad (Hildebad), king of the Ostrogoths in 540-541
2. ?
2.1. Totila, king of the Ostrogoths in 541-552
2.2. Fritigern
2.2.1. Theia (+552), comit, commandant of Verona, king of the Ostrogoths in 552; after Theia's death, the Ostrogoths no longer chose a king for themselves, however, Agathius says that "the Goths thought to elect Butilin, the leader of the" Frankish Alamans, "as their king, then the Goths split into groups led by various committees, the most significant of which were Aligern and the Pavia committee ready Indulf (former bookcase of the Roman patrician and military leader Belisarius)
2.2.2. Aligern, after the death of Teia, was the keeper of the royal insignia, but gave them to the emperor's representatives and surrendered the city of Kuma

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EUROPE UNTIL 1000
SURNAME BALT (KINGS OF WESTGOTS)
PART 1 - First Balts
Alika, prince of Tervig, leader of the Goths, who fought in 324 on the side of the emperor Licinius against the emperor Constantine
Ariarichus, judge of Tervig in 332
1. Aorich, the Tervig judge, in 348 carried out the persecution of Christians
1.1. Atanarik, king of the Visigoths in 380-396
Fritigern, Visigoth dux up to 380
Modaris (Modachary), went over to the side of the Romans of the emperor Theodosius in 378 and began to fight against Fritigern

PART 2 - The main tree of the Balts
Alaviv, Tervig duks in 376-377, f-?, Possibly the daughter of the king of Eruls Alaric
1. Alaric (Alaric) I, king of the Visigoths in 396-411, f-?, Sister of Ataulf, king of the Visigoths (f1-?, F2- c 414 Elia Galla Placidia)
1.1. ? (daughter), m- Valia, king of the Visigoths in 415-418
1.1.1. ? (daughter), m-?, svev of the royal family
1.1.1.1. Ricimer (+472), patrician, "Liberator of Italy", female - Alipia
1.1.1.2. ? (daughter), m- Gundioq, king of the Burgundians, from the Atanarik clan, i.e. Balt
1.2. Theoderides (Theoderic I), king of the Visigoths in 418-451
1.2.1. Thorismund, king of the Visigoths in 451-452
1.2.2. Theoderic II, King of the Visigoths 452-466, his son in arms - King of the Suevi Remismund
1.2.3. Friederich (+463)
1.2.4. Eurek (Eurychus), king of the Visigoths in 466-484, f- Ragnahilda
1.2.4.1. Alaric II, king of the Visigoths in 484-507, w1-? (Concubine), w2- Theodigota (Thiudigoto) (Thiudigotho)
1.2.4.1.1 (1). Gezalik, king of the Visigoths in 507-511
1.2.4.1.2 (2). Amalaric, king of the Visigoths in 511-531, f- Clotilde (Chlodechilda), daughter of Clovis I, king of the Franks
1.2.4.1.2.1. Gosvinta, m1- Athanagild, king of the Visigoths in 554-567, m2- Leovigild, king of the Visigoths in 568-586
1.2.4.1.2.1.1 (1). Brunhilda (Brunego) (+613), m1- Sigebert I, king of Austrasia, m2- Merovei (+577)
1.2.4.1.2.1.2 (1). Galsvinta (+568), m- Chilperic I, king of Neustria
1.2.4.1.3. Estera (+521), m- Thierry I, king of Australasia
1.2.5. Rethemer (Ricimer)
1.2.6. Chimnerite
1.2.7. ? (daughter), m- Gunerik, king of the Vandals in 477-484
1.2.8. ? (daughter), m- Rekiar (+456), king of the Suevi in 448-456
PART 3 - Septiman branch of the Balts
Lewa I (+572), Duke de Septimania, king of the Visigoths in 568-572 in Septimania
1. Leovigild, king of the Visigoths in 569-586 in Spain, son or brother of Lewa I, w1- Theodosia, w2- Gosvinta
1.1 (1). Hermenegild Saint (baptized John) (+585, killed in Tarragona), king of the Visigoths in Seville in 578-583, f- Ingonda (+ captured by the Byzantines on the way to Constantinople), daughter of Sigebert I, king of Austrasia, and Brunego
1.1.1. Atanagild, J.- Flavia Juliana Vervandt
1.1.1.1. Ardabast, f- Glaswinda
1.1.1.1.1. Ervig, king of the Visigoths in 680-687, j-Lubigotona
1.1.1.1.1.1. Kixillo (Kikisilona), m- Egika (+702), king of the Visigoths in 687-702, relative of Wamba
1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Vitik (Vititsa, Vittiza), King of Galicia in 698-701, King of the Visigoths in 701-710, tried to transfer power to his minor son, but was overthrown as a result of a revolt of the nobility
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. (?) Aguila II, king of the Visigoths in 711-714
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2. Alamund (Olemundo)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.1. Sarah
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.3. Romulus
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.4. (?) Ardo (Ardabast), king of the Visigoths in Septimania in 714-721
1.1.1.1.1.1.2. Cisebut (682-734), Comte de Coimbra, see Counts de Coimbra
1.2 (1). Recared I, king of the Visigoths in 586-601, w1- Boda (Bauda), w2- Chlodovinta, daughter of Sigebert I, king of Austrasia, and Brunegoth
1.2.1 (1). Lewa (Ljuga) II (+605), king of the Visigoths in 601-603, fell victim to Witterich's conspiracy
1.2.2 (2). Swintilla, duke, king of the Visigoths in 621-631, f- Theodora, daughter of Sisebut, king of the Visigoths in 612-621, and sister of Reccared II, king of the Visigoths in 621
1.2.2.1. Rekkimir (+631),
1.2.2.2. (?) Sisenand, Duke, King of the Visigoths in 631-636, overthrew Swintilla, fought with other pretenders to the throne - Judila and Gaila
1.2.2.3. Hintila (Chintila), king of the Visigoths in 636-639
1.2.2.3.1. Tulga (Fulco), king of the Visigoths in 639-642
1.2.2.4. Hindaswind (Chindaswind), king of the Visigoths in 642-653, f- Recyberg
1.2.2.4.1. Reckeswint, king of the Visigoths in 649-672, he had to suppress the Froya rebellion in 653 in Zaragoza
1.2.2.4.1.1. Wamba (+692), king of the Visigoths in 672-680, dethroned by Ervig
1.2.2.4.2. Theodofred, Duke de Cordoba, w- Requilona de Cordoba
1.2.2.4.2.1. Roderic (Rodrigo) (+711, in the battle against the Arabs led by Tariq), Duke of Betika, King of the Visigoths in 710-711, f- Egilon
1.2.2.4.2.1.1. Egilon, m- Abdul-Aziz-al-Wallid Umayyad, governor of Andalusia, son of Caliph Marwan I ben al-Hakam
1.2.2.4.3. Glaswinda, m1- Ardabast, m2- Fruela, Count de Cantabria, see Kings of Asturias
1.2.2.4.4 (side). Favila, Count of Galicia
1.2.2.4.4.1. Favila, Duke of Galicia and Cantabria (sometimes identified with his father), j- Lucia de Cantabria
1.2.2.4.4.1.1. Pelayo (Pelagius) (+737), King of Asturias in 718-737, f- Gaudiossa of Galicia
1.2.2.4.4.1.1.1. Favila (+739), King of Asturias at 737-739, Fr.
1.2.2.4.4.1.1.1.1. Favinia of Asturias, m- Liutfred III, Duke of Sueven
1.2.2.4.4.1.1.2. Hermensind of Asturias, m- Alphonse I Catholic (+757), Duke of Cantabria, King of Asturias in 739-757
1.2.2.5. Lubigotona, m- Ervig, king of the Visigoths in 680-686
1.2.3 (2). Gaila, revolted against Sisenand
PART 4 - Extra-dynastic Visigoth Kings
Sigeric, king of the Visigoths in 415
Theodes, king of the Visigoths in 531-548, was squire of Theodoric the Great, married a noble Roman woman from Spain
Aguila I, king of the Visigoths in 549-554, unsuccessfully trying to conquer Cordoba, lost his son in battle, was killed in Merida
Gundemar, king of the Visigoths in 610-612
Witterick, king of the Visigoths in 603-609, overthrew King Lewa II
1. Ermenberg, m- Thierry II, King of Australasia
PART 5 - Visigothic Dukes and Earls
Victorius, relative of Sidonius Apollinaria, Comitus and Gothic dux of Aquitaine I
Vincent (+ about 474), Roman dux Tarracona, Visigothic dux of Spain
Goerich, Visigothic Count, executed by order of King Gezalich
Granista and Wildigern, the Septiman Counts, together with Ataloch, Bishop of Narbonne, went over from Reccared I to the side of the King of Burgundy Guntram
Claudius, Duke of Lusitania, commander of Reccared I
Argimund, Duke, revolted against Reccared I in 590
Hilderich, Count of Nîmes, revolted against Wamba
Paul, Duke of Septimania, sent to suppress the rebellion of Childerich, Count of Nîmes, himself was crowned in Narbonne on the Visigothic throne and began to wage a war against Wamba, in which he was defeated
Ranosind, Duke of Tarracona Spain, supported the Septiman Duke of Paul at his coronation and in the war with Wamba
Sunifred, at the beginning of the reign of Aegiki, proclaimed himself king with the support of Sisbert, Metropolitan of Toledo
Theodemir, Duke of Spain of Carthage, desperately resisting the Arabs, earned their respect and received from them a principality, including Alicante and Murcia, under the supreme rule of the Arabs.
Athanagild, son of Theodemir, Duke of Carthage Spain
PART 6 - Visigoth Episcopal Dynasties
?
1.Paul, Bishop of Merida
2. ?
2.1. Fidelis, Bishop of Merida
Gregory, Bishop of Osmiya
1. John, Bishop of Saragossa
2. Braulio, Bishop of Saragossa
3. Fronimian, priest
?
1. Leander, Bishop of Seville
2. Isidore, Bishop of Seville
3. Fulgentius, Bishop of Aesychus
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FIRST KINGS OF BURGUNDES

Gundioq, king of the Burgundians, from the clan of Atanarik, i.e. Balt, f-?, Daughter of the patrician Ricimer
1. Chilperic (+479), king of the Burgundians
1.1. Clotilde of Burgundy, m- Clovis I, king of the Franks
2. Gundobad (+516), king of the Burgundians
2.1. Sigismund, king of the Burgundians, f- Ostrogotho
2.1.1. Sigerih (+522)
2.1.2. Suavegotta, M. Thierry I, King of the Franks in Reims
3. Godegisel, king of the Burgundians
4. Godomar, king of the Burgundians
Aletheus (descendant of Gundioc), rebelled in 613 against the Merovingians
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KINGS OF SWEBS
Hermerich, King of the Suevi in? -After 441
1. Rehila (+448), king of the Suevi at 438-448
1.1. Rekiar (+456), king of the Suevi in 448-456, f-?, Daughter of Theoderis, king of the Visigoths
Agriwulf of the Varna clan, king of the Suevi in 456
Maldra, King of the Suevi
Framta, King of the Suevi
Frumar, king of the Suevi in 460
Rehimund (+465), king of the Sueves
Remismund, king of the Sueves since 465, son-in-arms of the Visigothic king Theoderic II
Hararikh, king of the Suevi around 550-558 / 559
Ariamir, King of the Suevi in 558 / 559-565
Theodemir, King of the Suevi 565-570
Miro, king of the Suevi in 570-after 576, w1-?, W2- Siseguntia
1. Eborich, King of the Suevi
2.? (Daughter), m- Audeka, king of the Suevi (2nd marriage with Siseguntia, widow Miro)
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KINGS OF THE HUNS
Balamber (Balimber), king of the Huns in 376, f- Valdamerca
?
1. Octar, king of the Huns
2. Ruga (Ruya) (+ about 434), king of the Huns before 434
3. Mundzuk
3.1. Bleda (+447, by order of Attila), king of the Huns in 434-447
3.2. Attila (+453), king of the Huns in 434-453, f1- Kreka, f2-?, Daughter of Escam, f3- Justa Grata Honoria
3.2.1. Ellakom
3.2.2. Hormidak, king of the Huns
3.2.3. Dengizih (+470), king of the Huns
3.2.4. Erna (Ernach)
3.3. Ebarsiy (Oebarsiy)
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THE DYNASTY OF ODOAKR
Edika (+469), the skier king
1. Hunulf (+493), the commander of Odoacer, in 488 defeated the leader of the Rugians Frederich in the battle
2. Odoacer (+493), King of Italy at 476-493
2.1. Bodies (+493) Caesar
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KINGS OF RUGIEV
Flaccythe (+475), king of the rugians
1. Feletay (Feva) (+487), king of the rugians, f- since about 470 Guizot (+487)
1.1. Frederich (possibly +493, in a battle with his relative, Rugiy Tufa (+493), the former commander of Odoacer), the leader of the Rugians; unsuccessfully tried in 488 to win back the kingdom of his father from the king of Italy Odoacer, but was defeated by Hunulf, brother of Odoacer, and fled to Theoderich the Great
2. Frederuch (+482), ruler of Faviana
2.1. (?) Tufa, general of Odoacer
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SAX LEADERS (ANCESTORS ONE)
OPTION 1
Scythian (Sceaf, Seskef), leader of the Saxons
1. Bedwig, leader of the Saxons
1.1. Praise (Hwala), leader of the Saxons
1.1.1. Atra (Athra, Hathra), leader of the Saxons
1.1.1.1. Itermon (Itermon, Iterman), the leader of the Saxons
1.1.1.1.1. Heremod, leader of the Saxons
1.1.1.1.1.1. Skeldwa (Skeldwa, Skjold, Scyld), leader of the Saxons
1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Bjaw, leader of the Saxons
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Tetwa (Taetwa, Tecti), leader of the Saxons
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Jata (Jat), leader of the Saxons
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Godwulf (Gudylfr) (* 80), leader of the Saxons
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Finn (* 130), leader of the Saxons
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Frithuwulf, King of Saxony
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Friallaf (Frealaf, Friallaf) (* about 160), leader of the Saxons
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Frithuwald (* c. 190), leader of the Saxons, J. Beltsa (* c. 194)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Odin (Odin, Woden) (215-300), leader of the Saxons, w1- Friia, Frigg (* about 219), daughter of Cadwalladr (up to 200-after 219), w2- Skadi, g3- Rind, see Seed of Odin
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2. Be (Ve) (* about 217)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.3. Vili (* about 219)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2. Hulmul
OPTION 2
Hardwicke (+90 BC), King of the Saxons
1. Anserich (+4 AD), King of the Saxons
1.1. Vick I (+30), prince of the Saxons
1.1.1. Apartment I (+76), prince of the Saxons
1.1.1.1. Svartich II (+80), prince of the Saxons
1.1.1.1.1. Sigward (+100), Prince of the Saxons
1.1.1.1.1.1. Vitekind I (+106), king of the Saxons
1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Vick II (+190), prince of the Saxons
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Harbod (+256), king of the Saxons
1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Odin (Odin, Woden) (215-300), leader of the Saxons, w1- Friia, Frigg (* about 219), daughter of Cadwalladr (up to 200-after 219), w2- Skadi, g3- Rind, see Seed of Odin
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Offspring one
Odin, Woden (215-300), leader of the Saxons, w1- Skadi, w2- Friia, Frigg (* about 219), daughter of Cadwalladr (before 200-after 219), g3- Rind
1 (1). Yngvi (Yngvi-Frey) (* c. 235), king of Sweden, otherwise his parents are Njord (* c. 214), king of Sweden, and Skadi, see Ynglings
2 (1). Skjold (Skjoldr) (* about 237), king of Denmark, f- Gefion (* about 241), see Skjeldungi
3 (1). Saemingr, King of Norway
4 (2). Vecta
4.1. Witta
4.1.1. Wihgils
5 (2). Balder (Balder, Baeldaeg) (* about 243), leader of the Saxons, Mrs. Nanna (* about 247), daughter of Gewar (* about 217), King of Norway
5.1. Brond (Brandr), leader of the Saxons
5.1.1. Freydigar (Frjydigar, Frithogar) (* about 299), leader of the Saxons
5.1.1.1. Freyvin (Freyvin, Freawine) (* about 327), leader of the Saxons
5.1.1.1.1. Wig (Uvigg), the leader of the Saxons
5.1.1.1.1.1. Gewis, leader of the Saxons
5.1.1.1.1.1.1. Elsa, leader of the Saxons
5.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Elesa, leader of the Saxons
5.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Cerdic (+534), leader of the Saxons, 1st king of Wessex in 532-534, in 495 landed on the coast of Anlia, see Kings of Wessex
5.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2. ?(daughter)
5.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.1. Stuf
5.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.2. Wihtgar (+544), king on the island of Of
5.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.2.1 (child). Donkey, king on o.of
5.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.2.1.1. Osburg (810-846), m-Ethelwulf (806-857), king of Wessex
5.1.2. Beorn (* about 301)
5.1.3. Bernic
5.1.3.1. Aloc
5.1.3.1.1. Angenwit
5.1.3.1.1.1. Ingui
5.1.3.1.1.1.1. Esa
5.1.3.1.1.1.1.1. Eoppa
5.1.3.1.1.1.1.1.1. Ida (+559), King of Bernizia in 547-559, f- Bearnoch, see Kings of Bernizia and Northumbria
6 (2). Casere
6.1. Tytmon
6.1.1. Trygils
6.1.1.1. Hrothmund
6.1.1.1.1. Hryp
6.1.1.1.1.1. William
6.1.1.1.1.1.1. Wehha
6.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Wuffa (+578), King of East Anglia in 571-578, see Kings of East Anglia
7 (2). Seaxneat
7.1. Gesecg
7.1.1. Antsecg
7.1.1.1. Sweppa
7.1.1.1.1. Sigefugel
7.1.1.1.1.1. Bedca
7.1.1.1.1.1.1. Offa
7.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Aescwine (527-587), king of Essex, see Kings of Essex
8 (2). Waegdaeg
8.1. Vitgils
8.1.1. Vitta
8.1.1.1. Heingistr
8.1.2. Siggar
8.1.2.1. Swebdaeg
8.1.2.1.1. Sigegeat
8.1.2.1.1.1. Sebald
8.1.2.1.1.1.1. Saefugl
8.1.2.1.1.1.1.1. Westerfalca
8.1.2.1.1.1.1.1.1. Wilgisl
8.1.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Uxfrea
8.1.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Iffi, see Kings of Deira and Northumbria
9 (2). Wihtlaeg
9.1. Wermund, king of angels
9.1.1. Offa, king of angels
9.1.1.1. Angeltheow
9.1.1.1.1. Eomer
9.1.1.1.1.1. Icel
9.1.1.1.1.1.1. Cnebba
9.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Cynewald
9.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Creoda (+593), King of Mercia in 585-593, see Kings of Mercia
10 (2). Screw (Winta)
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KINGS OF BERNIZIA AND NORTUMBRIA
Ida (+559), King of Bernice in 547-559, f- Bearnoch
1. Glappa (+560), King of Bernizia at 559-560
2. Adda (+568), king of Bernizia at 560-568
3. Ethelric, Aethelric (+572), king of Bernizia in 568-572
3.1. Ethelfrith, Aethelfrith (+617), King of Bernizia from 592/593 and Deira from 588/590, 1st King of Northumbria (Bernizia + Deira = Northumbria), w1- Bebba, w2- Acha (Acha) , daughter of Ellie, King of Deira
3.1.1 (1). Eanfrith (+634), King of Northumbria in 633-634, f-?, Princess of Pictish
3.1.1.1. Talorcan (+657), king of the Picts
3.1.1.2. ? (daughter) m- Bile, Viceroy of Fortrinn
3.1.1.2.1. Bruidhe III (+693), king of the Picts at 672-693
3.1.2 (2). Oswald (+642), King of Northumbria in 634-642, f- Kineburg of Wessex, daughter of Kinegils, King of Wessex
3.1.2.1. Ethelwald, Aethelwald, King of Deira
3.1.3 (2). Oswy (Oswy, Oswiu) (612-670), King of Northumbria in 641-670, w1- Riemmelth, w2- Eanfled, daughter of Edwin, King of Northumbria, w3- Fina
3.1.3.1 (1). Alchfrith (+664), Viceroy of Deira in 654-664, f- Cyneburg, daughter of Penda, King of Mercia
3.1.3.1.1. Osric (+729), King of Northumbria at 718-729
3.1.3.2 (1). Alchfled, m- Peada (+656), King of Mercia
3.1.3.3 (2). Ecgfrith (+685), King of Northumbria in 670-685, f1- Ethelreda (+679), daughter of Anne, King of East Anglia, f2- Eormenburg
3.1.3.4 (2). Elfwine (+679)
3.1.3.5 (2). Osthryth, m- Ethelred (+704), King of Mercia
3.6 (2). Elfleda (+714), Abbess Whitby
3.1.3.7 (3). Alfrid, King of Northumbria
4 (2). Ebba, Abbess of Koldingham
3.1.5 (2). ?(a son)
3.1.6 (2). ?(a son)
3.1.7 (2). ?(a son)
3.1.8 (2). ?(a son)
3.2. Theobald (+603)
4. Theodric (+579), king of Bernizia in 572-579
5. Frithuwald (+586), King of Bernizia in 579-586
6. Hussa (+593), king of Bernizia in 586-593
7. Ogg
7.1. Aldhelm
7.1.1. Eckwald
7.1.1.1. Leodwald
7.1.1.1.1. Cutwine
7.1.1.1.1.1. Coenred (+718), King of Northumbria at 716-718
7.1.1.1.1.2. Ceolwulf (+760), King of Northumbria at 729-737, monk from 737
7.1.1.1.2. This (Eata)
7.1.1.1.2.1. Eadbert (+768), King of Northumbria at 737-768
7.1.1.1.2.1.1. Oswulf (+759), King of Northumbria in 758-759, f- Ricthryth
7.1.1.1.2.1.1.1. Elfwald (Aelfwald) I, king of Northumbria in 778-788
7.1.1.1.2.1.1.1.1. ? (son) (+791)
7.1.1.1.2.1.1.1.2. ? (son) (+791)
7.1.1.1.2.1.1.2. Osgyfu, m- Alchred (+774), King of Northumbria in 765-774
7.1.1.1.2.2. Egbert (+766), Archbishop of York at 732-766
8. Alric
8.1. Blaecman
8.1.1. Bofa
8.1.1.1. Byrnhom
8.1.1.1.1. Elvin (Eahlwine)
8.1.1.1.1.1. Alchred (+774), King of Northumbria in 765-774, f- Osgyfu
8.1.1.1.1.1.1. Osred II (+790), King of Northumbria at 788-790
8.1.1.1.1.1.2. Alchmund (+800)
http://gugukaran.narod.ru/europa1000/bernicia.html

For specific dynasties - Huns, Bulgarians, etc. - a lot of gaps.
It is clear that Slavic dynasties also emerged in Europe by the year 1000. But this did not really bother the authors. As well as the Scythian dynasties.

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Nikolay Kulbaka [email protected]
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The data (albeit incomplete) of the site may disappear. To whom they are useful - hurry up.

The Japanese imperial dynasty, whose reign continues to this day, is the oldest in the world. According to legend, the emperors of the land of the rising sun descended from the sun goddess Amaterasu: her grandson Ninigi descended from the sky to rule the country and became the first earthly emperor. The Japanese believe that this happened in 660 BC. But the first written records of the existence of a monarch in Japan date back to the beginning of the 5th century AD. It was then that the kings of the central part of the country subjugated other regional rulers and created a single state, starting a new dynasty. In the 8th century, the title "Emperor" was adopted.

Until IX, Japanese monarchs were full-fledged rulers, but over time they began to lose power - the rule of the country passed to advisers, regents, shoguns while maintaining official power. After World War II, the dynasty of Japanese emperors continued their symbolic rule, losing all rights to interfere in the affairs of the state.

Today, the 125th emperor in Japan (the only reigning emperor in the world) is Akihito, Prince of Tsugunomiya.

The Bernadotte dynasty of Swedish kings has been around since 1818, but it is the oldest continuously ruling dynasty in Europe. Its ancestor was Marshal Bernadotte, who took the royal name Charles XIV Johan.

Today the king of Sweden is the eighth representative of this dynasty, Carl XVI Gustaf.

The Spanish Bourbon dynasty also continues to rule to this day, albeit with interruptions in power. It was founded in 1700, in 1808 its reign was interrupted, and in 1957 the restoration of the Bourbons was carried out.

Now Spain is ruled by Juan Carlos I de Bourbon, the 76-year-old king has almost no interest in political life, he is a symbol of the country's national unity.

The English Windsor dynasty has ruled Great Britain since 1917, but it dates back to 1826 as the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha dynasty, therefore it can be considered one of the oldest.

The oldest dynasties in the world

The oldest, that is, the very first royal dynasty in Europe, which has not survived to this day, is the Frankish Carolingian dynasty, founded in 751 by Arnulf. She ruled only for 987, first in the Frankish Empire, then in the East Frankish kingdom and the West Frankish kingdom.

If we consider all the world monarchical dynasties, then the most ancient can be called the ancient Egyptian - the first dynasty of the pharaohs of Ancient Egypt, founded 3 thousand years BC by Narmer Menes. Her reign lasted for about years and ended in 2864 BC.

A dynasty is representatives of the same clan, who are successive successors of each other's cause. The monarchic dynasty is linked by relatives of the royal, "blue" bloods and a special system of succession of power.

Instructions

The most striking example of a monarchical dynasty in Russia is perhaps the last monarchical dynasty of the Romanovs. They stood, starting from 1613, right up to the tragic revolutionary events, before them Rurikovichs succeeded each other on the throne. In England, the most notable monarchical dynasties were the Tudors, Stuarts, and Windsors.

In accordance with the rules of succession to the throne, the current monarch stays with him for life and gives place to the next heir only in case of serious illness or death. The throne passes from the father to the eldest son, less often to the daughter or other close relative, in the absence of direct heirs to the high-ranking person. In Russia, for example, for a certain period the law of Peter the Great was in effect, according to which the monarch could transfer the throne, not based on established traditions, choosing any worthy successor. However, already Paul the First managed to return the legal right of direct descendants.

Today, most monarchical dynasties do not play an essential role in government, but are symbolic, demonstrating the loyalty of this or that people to their long-standing traditions. There are, in which absolute royal power is preserved to this day.

But the dynasty of Swedish kings is in the world. The Bernadottes have ruled the country since 1818, despite this family still maintaining the status of the most stable continuously reigning European kings.

There are dynasties that have undergone restoration. Thus, the Spanish Bourbons ruled the country from 1700 to 1808, after which the line was interrupted and was resumed again in 1957. Now on the Spanish throne sits seventy-six-year-old Juan Carlos I, who is far from politics and is only a kind of symbol of unity.

The most ancient European dynasty is the Frankish Carolingian dynasty that has not survived to this day, which began its existence back in 751. Concerning the question of age, we can single out the oldest monarchist dynasty in the world. She, of course, is the dynasty of the Egyptian pharaohs, which was enthroned more than five thousand years ago.

Mancala

Under the general name Mankala (from the Arabic naqala - moving), a whole family of games has been assembled, the essence of which is shifting pebbles. The first variants of this game found by archaeologists, dated 5-3 millennium BC, were holes carved in parallel in two rows on a stone. The "chips" for the game were simple pebbles or grains.

The homeland of the Mancala games is the territory of modern Syria and Egypt. The peoples of Africa and Asia today continue to have fun with games from this family, which have various names: oua, ovari, togyz kumalak, pallantuji, olinda keliya, gabata, bao, omveso, apfelklau, kalah. The latter was widespread in the countries of the USSR. The rules for different types of games can vary significantly. But the main goal of the game remains unchanged - you need to capture the largest number of opponent's stones or lead the game to such an outcome when the opponent is unable to make a move.

In addition to the entertainment function, the games of the Mancala family illustrate the transition of mankind from collecting to agriculture, because the main rule applies in them: whoever sows better will collect more. The movement of pebbles in a circle is considered a symbol of the cyclical nature of the year, the process of unfolding "chips" - sowing and harvesting, and unfilled holes - hunger and crop failure. Notable is the fact that this game lacks an element of luck. Only the intellect and attention of the players can determine its outcome.

Royal game of ur

A game that looks more like modern board games with portable game boards has been found in the royal tomb of the Ur dynasty in Iraq. According to scientists, it is about five thousand years old. The game is a playing field with twenty squares, arranged in such a way that there are 12 squares in one part of the board, followed by a bridge of 2 divisions, which goes into a small block of 6 squares.

The royal game of Ur symbolizes a military campaign. Players had to move from most of the field to a smaller one and return to their original position, along the way collecting "war booty" - the enemy's chips. This game was used as a fortune-telling about whether the upcoming military campaign would be successful or the army would be defeated.

Senet

Senet was a fairly common board game in Ancient Egypt. Archaeological excavations indicate that Senet was played more than five thousand years BC. The ancients associated this entertainment with a journey to the afterlife, in which riddles and labyrinths await them, and victory symbolized unity with the god Ra.

The ancient rules of Senet have not survived. Their reconstruction allows us to assume that the game is characterized by a field consisting of 30 cells arranged in three rows of ten cells each. Each player had 5 tokens, which the ancient Egyptians called dancers. The peculiarity of this game is that the felled chip did not leave the field, but changed places with the one that was chopping. Four sticks of wood were used as dice, with a mark on one side. The players threw them up and counted how many fell a mark down. According to the rules, the opponents took their pieces along the path in the form of the letter s in reverse and removed them from the board.

Culture

In our world of inequality and endless struggle for money and power, there are always those who can be called the most powerful and strong, since they have titles and money. Since money and property are inherited, whole dynasties appear that flourish with each new generation, multiplying the wealth of their ancestors and holding their positions.

We invite you to learn about the most famous and powerful families in history.

1) Rhodschild dynasty

The Rhodschild Dynasty (or Rhodschilds) is a dynasty of German bankers and financiers from Germany that founded and controlled banks throughout Europe and were elevated to the nobility by the Austrian and British governments. The founder of the dynasty is considered Mayer Amschel Rothschild(1744-1812), whose plans for the future were to keep the business in the hands of the family, which made it possible to keep the size of his fortune and business achievements in complete secrecy.

The riches of the Rhodschild dynasty

Mayer Rhodschild successfully kept his fortune within the family. By carefully choosing spouses for their descendants from close relatives, Nathan Rodschild opened his bank in 1811 in London, which received the name N. M. Rothschild and Sons which still exists today. In 1818, the company provided a £ 5 million loan to the Prussian government, and issuing bonds for the government loan was the mainstay for a thriving business. The Rodschilds were so strong in London that by 1825-26 they were able to mint coins for the Bank of England to ward off the threat of a market crisis.

2) Plantagenet Dynasty

If we compare the royal dynasties of the Plantagenets and the Tudors, then the first left a much larger mark in history, since the development of English culture and political system (which remains to this day) took place precisely during their reign. Under the Tudors, the Anglican Church was founded and some have argued that under them there was a Golden Age in the history of England, but the significance of the Plantagenets is much more serious.

The Plantagenets were a royal house, the founder of which is believed Henry II, eldest son Geoffroy V Plantagenet... The kings of this dynasty began to rule England in the 12th century. From 1154 to 1485, a total of 15 Plantagenet monarchs were at the head of the state, including those who belonged to the younger lines.

Achievements of the Plantagenet dynasty

The Plantagenet era gave birth to a distinctive English culture and art that was encouraged by the monarchs. In those days, Gothic architecture was popular and such famous buildings as Westminster Abbey and York cathedral were built in this style.

There have also been some changes in the social sector, for example by the king Ion I was signed Magna Carta... This influenced the development of general and constitutional law. Political institutions such as Parliament of England and others were born precisely during the reign of the House of Plantagenets, and also some famous educational institutions were founded, for example Universities of Cambridge and Oxford.

3) Nehru-Gandhi dynasty

The Nehru-Feroz Gandhi dynasty - a political dynasty that dominated the party Indian National Congress most of the early history of independent India. Three members of this dynasty ( Jawaharlal Nehru, his daughter Indira Gandhi and her son Rajiv Gandhi) were the prime ministers of India, two of whom (Indira and Rajiv) were killed.

Country Governance - Family Matters

The fourth member of the dynasty, the widow of Rajiv Gandhi, Sonya Gandhi, is currently the leader Indian National Congress and their son Rahul Gandhi is the youngest member of the family to enter politics after winning a seat in the lower house of the Indian Parliament in 2004. The Nehru-Feroz Gandhi dynasty is not related to the leader of the struggle for Indian independence Mohandas Gandhi... The Nehru-Gandhi dynasty is the most prominent example of the tradition of dynastic rule in the Asian democratic republics.

4) Khans dynasty

Genghis Khan- Founder of the Mongol Empire, the largest empire in history, uniting neighboring territories. He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of northeast Asia. After the founding of the Mongol Empire and declaring himself Genghis Khan, that is, the ruler, he began to attack neighboring territories, conquering the peoples and taking their possessions for himself.

Endless conquest of territories

During the reign of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire occupied most of Central Asia. Before his death, Genghis Khan appointed his son as his successor Ogedei, and also divided the empire between his children and grandchildren into khanates. He died in 1227 after conquering the Tanguts. He was buried in an unknown grave somewhere in Mongolia.

His descendants continued to seize new lands and increase the possessions of the Mongol Empire in Eurasia, creating vassal states, among which were modern China, Korea, the countries of the Caucasus and Central Asia, as well as a huge part of modern countries of Eastern Europe and the Middle East.

5) Dynasties of Claudius and Julius

The two dynasties merged into one, becoming one of the most important families of Ancient Rome, which later became known as the Julian-Claudian dynasty, whose members were the most famous Roman emperors: Caligula, Augustus, Claudius, Tiberius and Nero... These five emperors ruled the Roman Empire from 27 BC to 68 AD, with the last of them, Nero, committing suicide.

These five rulers were associated either through marriage or adoption with the Julian and Claudian family. Julius Caesar is sometimes inaccurately considered the founder of this dynasty, since he was not an emperor and had no connection with the Claudian family. Augustus should be considered the full-fledged founder of the dynasty.

General features of the rule of emperors

The reign of the emperors of the Julian-Claudian dynasty had similar features: they all came to power through indirect ties of kinship. Each of them expanded the territory of the Roman Empire and started large-scale construction projects. Basically, the people treated them well, but the senatorial class did not like them, according to ancient Roman historians. Ancient historians described the Julian-Claudian emperors as crazy, sexually perverted and tyrannical.

6) Ming Dynasty

Zhu is the surname of the emperors of the Ming Empire. The first emperor of Minsk Zhu Yuanzhang began to call the Ming dynasty, which means "diamond". The Ming Dynasty ruled China from 1368 to 1644 after the fall of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty.

The Ming Dynasty was considered one of the greatest eras of social stability and good governance in human history. This was the last dynasty in China, led by ethnic Chinese. Although the capital of the Ming Empire, Beijing, fell in 1644 in a peasant uprising led by Li Zicheng, the regimes that were adopted during the reign of the Ming emperors lasted until 1662.

The grand construction of the Ming dynasty

The Minsk Empire possessed enormous military forces and had an army of a million soldiers. She organized huge construction projects at that time, including restoration Great Wall of China and construction in Beijing "Forbidden City" in the first quarter of the 15th century. According to some estimates, the population in the last period of the Ming dynasty was between 160 and 200 million people. The rule of the Ming dynasty is often regarded as the most important pages in the history of Chinese civilization, it was during this dynasty that the first signs of capitalism were born.

7) Habsburgs

The House of Habsburgs was an important royal house in Europe, and it is also known that its representatives ruled the Holy Roman Empire between 1452 and 1740, and were also the rulers of Spain and the Austrian Empire for a long time. Originally from Switzerland, the dynasty first stood at the head of Austria, which ruled for more than 6 hundred years, but a series of royal marriages allowed the Habsburgs to also take over Burgundy, Spain, Bohemia, Hungary and other territories. This dynasty got its name from the Habsburg castle in the Swiss region of Aargau.

Large family and marriage ties

The motto of this dynasty was "Let others fight, and you, happy Austria, must marry", which indicated the talent of the Habsburgs with the help of marriage bonds to connect representatives of a kind with other royal families, creating alliances and inheriting territories. The empress Maria Theresia, for example, remained in the history of Europe not only thanks to her political merits, but also how "Great grandmother of Europe", 10 children of which survived to adulthood and left heirs.

8) Ptolemaic dynasty

The Ptolemies are a Hellenistic Macedonian royal dynasty that ruled the Ptolemaic Empire in Egypt for approximately 300 years from 305 BC to 30 BC. Ptolemy was one of the generals who served with Alexander the Great, who was appointed satrap of Egypt after the death of Alexander in 323 BC.

Egyptian Queen Cleopatra

In 305 BC, he declared himself king Ptolemy I... The Egyptians soon accepted the Ptolemies as the successors of the pharaohs of independent Egypt. They ruled the country until the Roman conquest in 30 BC. The most famous representative of the family was the last queen Cleopatra VII, known for playing an important role in the political battles between Julius Caesar and Pompey, and later between Octavian and Mark Antony. Her suicide after the conquest of Egypt by Rome marked the end of the Ptolemaic rule.

9) Medici dynasty

The Medici family was a powerful and influential family in Florence, whose members ruled from the 13th to the 17th century. Among them were four popes ( Leo X, Pius IV, Clement VII, Leo XI), a large number of rulers of Florence, as well as members of the royal families of England and France. They also dominated the city's government, taking control of Florence completely into their own hands, making it a city in which art and humanism flourished.

Great Renaissance

Together with other influential families in Italy such as Visconti and Sforza from Milan, Este de Ferrara and Gonzaga from Mantua, the Medici contributed to the birth of the Italian Renaissance. The Medici Bank was one of the most prosperous and respected banks in Europe. At one time they were even called the richest family in Europe. Thanks to the money, the Medici were able to gain political power, first in Florence, and then in Italy and throughout Europe.

10) Capetian dynasty

The Capetian dynasty is the largest royal house in Europe. It includes direct descendants of the King of France Hugo capeta... Spanish king Juan Carlos and Grand Duke of Luxembourg Henri- members of the Capetian family, both from the Bourbon branch of the dynasty.

Over the centuries, the Capetian people have spread throughout Europe and have ruled a wide variety of units, from kingdoms to estates. In addition to being the largest royal family in Europe, the Capetian is also one of the most incestuous, especially among the Spanish monarchs. Many years have passed since the Capetian ruled most of Europe, but still some members of this family remain kings and have many other titles.

Modern European kings

Currently, the Kingdom of Spain and Luxembourg are headed by the Capetian. Prince Luis Alfonso de Bourbon, Duke of Anjou, another member of the family, is a contender for the throne of France. In Europe, there are still various branches of the Capetian dynasty.

In 1368, the Yuan dynasty was replaced by the Ming dynasty in China, sixteen emperors of which ruled the Middle Kingdom for the next 276 years. The Ming Empire gained power through a popular uprising and was overthrown by Li Zicheng's army and the Manchus in 1644 during the Peasant War. Today we will get acquainted with the history of the Ming dynasty: its emperors, as well as the prerequisites for the foundation and fall.

Zhu Yuanzhang

The founder of the Ming dynasty, under whose leadership the Yuan dynasty was overthrown, was called Zhu Yuanzhan. He came from a poor peasant family that made a living by washing gold sand and farming. When the Mongol Yuan dynasty fell as a result of the "red bandage" uprising, Zhu Yuanzhang was forty years old. Having overthrown the former power, he became emperor and was given the throne name Tai Zu. The new emperor made the capital of China the city of Nanjing, along the perimeter of which he ordered to build a thirty-mile wall.

The thirty-year reign of the first emperor of the Ming dynasty in China was remembered for the most severe repression: any offense, even the most insignificant, was punishable by death. Not forgetting about his origin, Tai Zu did his best to protect the peasants, and he severely punished the officials who, taking advantage of their position, oppressed the common people, starting with stigma and ending with hard labor and execution.

Despite the brutal style of the emperor's rule, it was quite calm inside the state, and the economy was developing rapidly. The Ming dynasty strengthened its position in Manchuria, liberated the provinces of Sychut and Yuan from the Mongols, and even burned Karakorum. There were also serious problems, one of them was the raids of pirates from Japan.

Zhu Di

In 1398, the first emperor and founder of the Ming Dynasty died. Power passed into the hands of the rightful heir to the throne, the gentle and educated Jian Wen. In 1402, he fell at the hands of the arrogant and power-hungry prince Zhu Di, the middle son of the first Ming emperor. The following year, the prince proclaimed himself the new emperor and ordered scholars to rewrite the history of China in order to prove their legitimacy. Despite the usurpation of the throne and the harsh manner of government, especially in the initial stages, historians consider Zhu Di to be an excellent ruler.

To calm the protest mood of the population and avoid riots, the emperor encouraged the holding of Buddhist holidays and rituals, adhered to Confucian norms, and revised the administrative system of the empire. He paid special attention to the fight against corruption and secret societies. Thanks to the restoration of the examination system, a new generation of officials and officers came to the government.

In addition, Zhu Di worked to rebuild the economy. With his submission, the lands of the Yangtze Delta were developed, the production of fabric and food products was increased, river beds were cleaned, and the Great Chinese Canal was rebuilt and expanded.

In terms of foreign policy, the emperor's reign was more successful at sea than on land. At the shipyards of the city of Nanjing, huge ocean ships were built - nine-mast junks, the length of which was 133 and the width - 20 meters. The Chinese fleet consisted of about three hundred such ships. Under the leadership of Admiral Zheng He (one of the court eunuchs), the fleet traveled to Ceylon, India, Southeast Asia and even the Persian Gulf. As a result of these campaigns, many foreign rulers were taken prisoner, for whom the Minsk state received considerable tribute. Thanks to sea expeditions, the Ming dynasty expanded its influence to a large extent. It is worth noting that they are considered the greatest marine exploration in the history of mankind, ahead of the era of European geographical discoveries by several decades.

It was during the reign of Zhu Di that the capital of the state was moved to Beijing, where the construction of the Forbidden City began, which was fully completed only in 1420. By the will of fate, the emperor did not enjoy the new palace for long: in 1424, returning from a campaign in Mongolia, he died.

Xuan Zong

After Zhu Di's death, the throne passed to his eldest son, who died less than a year later due to a heart attack. Then the power fell into the hands of Zhu Di's grandson, whose name was Xuan Zong. Peace and tranquility returned to the country, as well as to the state border. Diplomatic relations with Korea and Japan gradually improved. When Emperor Xuanzong died in 1435, Chinese historians dubbed him the model of a Confucian monarch inclined to benevolent rule and versed in the arts.

Ying Zong

After Xuan Zong's death, the throne passed to one of his sons - 6-year-old Ying Zong. Since the new emperor was very young, power was held by the regency council, which included three eunuchs. Chief among them was Wang Jin. The situation in the state began to deteriorate: floods, droughts, epidemics and the hardest work that once again hit the peasants ... Ordinary people, forced to participate in exhausting large-scale construction projects, rebelled against the government. Several of these uprisings were extremely difficult to suppress.

At the same time, Mongolian troops began to approach from the northern side of the state. Under the leadership of Wang Jin, who did not understand anything in military affairs, the emperor gathered a 500-thousand army and moved towards the enemy. The Mongols completely defeated the Chinese army and took the 22-year-old emperor prisoner. This military defeat was one of the greatest in Chinese history.

When Ying Zong was captured, the throne passed to his half-brother, who took the name Jing Zong. He managed to repel the attack of the Mongols, defend Beijing, reform the army and carry out large-scale work to restore the state. A little later, Ying Zong was released from captivity, and as a result of a palace coup he again became the emperor of China. Soon his half-brother died - according to some sources, he was strangled by one of the court eunuchs.

Xian zong

When Ying Zong died, the throne went to his son Xian Zong (Zhu Jiangshen). During his reign, the Great Wall of China was reconstructed and fully completed. According to some historians' estimates, the construction of this greatest fortification cost the lives of 8 million people. Another notable event during the reign of Xian Zong was the 10-year war between China and Mongolia, as a result of which the situation with the raids was stabilized.

In addition to the official childless wife, the emperor had an older wife - his former nanny named Weng. Weng was twice Hsien Zong's age. When her only child died, she was ready to do anything to prevent the emperor from having children from other concubines. In this endeavor, Ven was even ready to go for the murder. One day, she still miscalculated: as a result of Hsien Zong's accidental relationship with a girl from the Yao tribe, a boy was born, whose appearance was hidden from Weng. The emperor saw his son when he was already five years old. It was this boy who became the next emperor, taking the throne name Xiao Zong.

Xiao Zong

With the arrival of a new ruler, as usual, exile and executions followed. The emperor got rid of officials who got their office dishonestly, greedy eunuchs, dishonest servants of the church and the depraved favorites of the previous imperial couple.

Xiao Zong strictly adhered to Confucian principles: he cared about the well-being of the peasants, performed all the rituals, trusted high positions only to Confucians, and was loyal to his only wife, Mrs. Chan. This woman was the only weakness of the emperor, who ultimately played a cruel joke with him - caused significant damage to the treasury. The wife of the emperor was extremely wasteful and awarded titles and lands to all her relatives and friends.

The number of eunuchs at court gradually increased. As a result, there were more than 10 thousand of them. This huge apparatus began to work in parallel with the civil administration, competing with it for positions and the level of influence over the emperor. The situation deteriorated rapidly, especially when Emperor Xiao Zong passed away and was replaced by a 13-year-old son named Wu Zong.

Wu Zong

The new emperor did not inherit the positive qualities of his father: he not only preferred the company of eunuchs to the society of his lawful wife, but also became an inveterate alcoholic who terrified and panicked the entire state. In some sources, there is information that Wu Zong, while traveling around the country, liked to kidnap women from their homes, and this was just one of his fun. In the end, in 1522, the 21-year-old emperor passed away, leaving behind no positive memories and no heir.

Shi Zong

After another palace intrigue, the rule of the Ming dynasty went to 15-year-old Shi Tsung, the emperor's cousin. The new ruler was distinguished by a tough disposition and vindictiveness. Everyone was afraid of him, even the concubines. Once several of them decided to kill the emperor, but the attempt was unsuccessful - Shi Zong was rescued, and the girls were painfully executed.

The emperors of the Ming Dynasty were radically different in their style of government. Shi Zun was on the throne for 44 years, but no outstanding achievements occurred during this long period. He preferred to lead a reclusive life, not leaving the Palace of Eternal Life, located in the west of the Forbidden City. Fearing spies and dangerous contacts with representatives of other countries, the emperor pursued an isolation policy. Therefore, trade was banned in the country, which could significantly improve its economic situation. As a result, the east coast of China suffered from raids by pirates from Japan and subsisted only on smuggling.

Gradually, Shi Zong began to withdraw from business and devote more and more time to fortune-telling and the search for the elixir of immortality. One of the emperor's top Taoist advisers prescribed a medicine for him, which included red lead and white arsenic. Because of these pills, the emperor's health was severely undermined. In 1597, being very weak, Shi Zong died in the Forbidden City.

Shen Zong

The eldest son of the Emperor Long-ching became the heir to the throne, but he stayed on the throne for only five years, interfering in the governing of the country in a minimal way. In 1573, the throne went to the son of Long-ching, whose name was Shen Tsung. He was distinguished by a reasonable and sober approach to government activities. Nevertheless, every year the emperor's interest in politics faded away, and his contradictions with the bureaucratic apparatus grew. According to historians, in the second half of his reign, Shen Zong began to simply ignore the officials who gathered in crowds near the Forbidden City and, on their knees, shouted the name of the emperor in order to attract his attention.

Around that time, it became clear that the years of the Ming Dynasty were numbered. The poorly coordinated work of the government was not the only problem for China at that time - the threat from the West was becoming more serious. In 1578, having received permission from China to purchase goods in Canton, the Portuguese began to engage in trade in Macau. Gradually, they completely settled in the city, which attracted the attention of the Spaniards to Asia, who sent an expedition to colonize Manila, where the Chinese dominated. In 1603, a conflict broke out in the Philippines, as a result of which the Chinese were expelled from the archipelago.

In addition to the Philippine confrontation, which took the lives of 20 thousand people, internal conflicts periodically arose in the country, in particular, between the government and the unconquered Miao tribe, as well as between the Chinese and Japanese who invaded Korean lands. However, the defining event in the fate of the Celestial Empire was the campaign against the Jurchen - a tribal union between the Mongols and Tungus, which arose in the XII century and was pushed to the northeastern lands. When the Jurchens mixed with Korean migrants and representatives of some other neighboring peoples, they began to be called Manchus.

At the end of the 16th century, the 24-year-old Manchu leader Nurkhatsi united the Manchu aimags into a single empire and proclaimed himself emperor. To rid his people of vassal dependence, he undertook a series of military campaigns against China. All of them ended well for Nurkhatsi and disastrous for the Ming empire: the economic crisis in the country worsened, which led to higher taxes and popular discontent. In addition, military failures had a bad effect on the well-being of the emperor. Shen Zong passed away in 1620.

After the death of the emperor, the situation in the country began to deteriorate sharply. The fall of the Ming Dynasty was only a matter of time. At that time, the population of China already exceeded 150 million people. Due to inflation, congested cities, the gap between rich and poor, piracy and natural disasters, people have organized uprisings. The economic crisis affected the life of the peasants especially hard: in the north of China, severe winters raged for several years, resulting in a severe famine, during which even cases of cannibalism were recorded. Many families had to sell their children into slavery. Young people took on any job. Part of it poured into large cities, and part went on an immoral path: the guys became robbers, and the girls became servants or prostitutes.

In addition to internal uprisings, a serious external threat loomed over China: starting in 1642, the Manchus resumed their raids, eventually capturing 94 cities. The Manchus and rebels besieged the imperial court from all sides. In 1644, rebellious peasants led by Li Zicheng approached Beijing. The last emperor of the Ming dynasty - Chongzhen - did not flee and hanged himself right in the palace, so that, according to beliefs, he would ascend to heaven riding a dragon. After 20 years, the Manchus executed the Minsk prince Yun-li, who had fled to Burma. Thus came the decline of the Ming Dynasty era.

Conclusion

Today we have examined such a significant period in Chinese history as the reign of the Ming dynasty. Tourists who come to China are invited to get to know this period even closer: the tombs of the Ming dynasty, the city wall park and other attractions are waiting for everyone. Well, for those who want to learn more about the spirit of the Ming Empire, without leaving home, there are several feature films about this era. The Founder Emperor of the Ming Dynasty (2007), The Daredevil of the Ming Dynasty (2016), The Fall of the Ming Dynasty (2013) are the main ones.

STATE STRUCTURE OF RUSSIA FOR 1000 YEARS

THREE RULING DYNASTIES in Russia

Original Russian Text © N.M. Mikhailova. Homeland Studies. Tutorial. M. 1995

For 1000 years the existence of the Russian State supreme rulers(princes, kings and emperors) on the male line were representatives three kinds:

RURIKOVICH(princes and kings) ruled for 700 years, from 879 to 1598

ROMANOV(kings and emperors), ruled for 143 years, from 1613 to 1760

GOLSTEIN GOTTORPS(emperors) ruled for 157 years, from 1760 to 1917

After Elizabeth's death in 1760 the throne was taken by the grandson of Peter I from his daughter Anna, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp named Karl-Peter-Ulrich. During the transition to Orthodoxy his renamed to Peter and gave the patronymic Fedorovich. In 1762 he was killed conspirators who put on the Russian throne his wife, a nee princess Sophia-Frederic-August of Anhalt-Zerbst. Upon arrival in Russia, she converted to Orthodoxy and was renamed to Ekaterina Alekseevna.

After her death, her son became emperor, Paul, common ancestor all members The Holstein-Gottorp houses, known in Russia as the Romanovs. His sons, grandchildren and great-grandchildren took princesses from different Houses of Germany as wives, and they dragged their relatives into service in Russia. Therefore, by the end of the 19th century, in addition to persons assigned to the House of Holstein-Gottorp, there were so-called "Ruling" princes from other Germanic Houses: Oldenburgs, Württembergs, Leuthenburgs, Mecklenburg-Schwerins and Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

Concluding the conversation about the ruling dynasties in Russia, one cannot but pay attention to the fact that all three were extremely unhappy if misfortune is measured the number of violent deaths.

In table 1 at the top (in the header of each column) the founders of the three dynasties and the places from where they came to our land are indicated. In the third column rulers from first dynasty(Rurikovs, called Rurikovichs), in the second - from the second dynasty (from the clan of the boyars Kobylins- Romanovs), and in the first column - the emperors from the dukes Holstein-Gottorp... On the right are foreign birth with which they were connected by family ties (in the second column, since they did not fit in the first). The end of the dynasty is marked by a darkened line with extreme dates of reign.

The fourth (far right) column contains names of direct descendants a native of the Horde Mirza Kichi-bey - the ancestor of the boyar Korobinykh family, from whom my maternal grandfather, Yuri Korobyin, came. A tree of this kind is placed at the end of the 1st volume of the Chronicler on the flyleaf. In just 600 years, from the beginning of the XIV to the middle of the XX century, were born and lived 14 generations of this kind... They survived all the calamities and were participants in all the wars that the "Sovereigns of Russia" waged during this time.

THIRD DYNASTY : GOLSHTEIN-GOTTORP (Romanovs)

PETERIII. Prince of Holstein-Gottorp

his wife

CATHERINEII. Princess Sophia of Anhalt-Zerbtskaya.

REFORMS of 1764 and 1785. WAR with Turkey.

The uprising of Pugachev (executed). Uprising in Poland

their son

PAULI. Wife Dorothea of Württemberg

Grand Master of the Order of Malta.

ALEXANDERI. Wife Augusta of Baden

WAR: with Sweden, with Napoleon 1812 -1815. The beginning of the war in the Caucasus

MILITARY CONSPIRACY. Regicide plan. Died. Version: poisoned ???

NIKOLAII Paul ..Wife Charlotte of Prussia

Uprising in Poland in 1831. WAR with Turkey (Crimean) in 1854− 1855

Died.(Rumored: poisoned ?).

ALEXANDERII. Wife Augusta of Hesse

1861 MANIFESTO about the liberation of the serfs. REFORMS of the 1860s

Uprising in Poland in 1863. WAR with Turkey 1877-1878

KILL by terrorists March 1, 1881. People's Volunteers were hanged.

ALEXANDERIII. Wife Dagmara Danish

Attempted regicide in the 1880s . The revolutionaries were executed.

NIKOLAIII. Wife Alisa Gessenskaya

Khodynka. WAR with Japan 1903-1904. Bloody resurrection Jan 9. 1905.

Acceleration of the I and II State Duma. Terrorists.

Courts-martial. Lena execution in 1912.

WAR with Germany and Turkey since 1914. Gr. Rasputin since 1904.

END OF EMPIRE AND MONARCHY

By order of Time. Government-va in aug. 1917 g. ON. Romanov was arrested and exiled without trial along with his wife and children to the Urals, to the Tobolsk province.

By order of the Council of People's Commissars the family of the former tsar was transported to Yekaterinburg. In connection with the approach of Kolchak July 18, 1918 royal family, doctor Botkin and servants without trial were shot in the basement of the merchant Ipatiev's house.

In the early 1980s, under the Secretary of the Regional Committee of the CPSU, Comrade. B.N. Yeltsin this house was destroyed. When he became President of the Russian Federation, the royal family was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church. The remains were found, and they were buried in the Peter and Paul Cathedral. Leningrad was renamed St. Petersburg. A great many descendants of this German family live abroad and are considered "the ruling House of the Romanovs." Probably, they would not mind returning the lost throne, but so far the monarchy has not been restored.

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