Brief biography of the Roman. Nikolai rimsky-korsakov short biography. last years of life

Nikolai Andreevich was born on March 18, 1844, not far from St. Petersburg in a town called Tikhvin.

Andrei Petrovich, the father of Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov, for some time was the governor of Novgorod, and after some time he became the Volyn governor. Sofya Vasilievna, the mother of Nikolai Andreevich, was a housewife.

But to his great surprise, the future of the composer was not influenced at all by his parents, but by his brother, whose name was Voin Andreevich.

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In early childhood, Nikolai Andreevich liked music less than books, but as soon as the composer was 11 years old, he began to compose his first musical works.

When Nikolai Andreevich turns 18, his father dies, as a result of which the Rimsky-Korsakov family move to St. Petersburg.

After a short stay in St. Petersburg, Nikolai Andreevich met Miliy Alekseevich Balakirev, who would later influence his final opinion and outlook on life.

The first work of Nikolai Andreevich, called the First Symphony, began to be created in the same way with the presence of Balakirev in the life of Nikolai Andreevich.

After the release of the first part, Nikolai Andreevich enters the service and after 3 years of service, only the second part of the First Symphony appears.

Upon his return from service, Nikolai returns to Balakirev's circle, due to which he remains under the influence of folk music, which influenced the creation of his work. Further, the composer creates a musical composition called Sadko.

Further, he helps other composers to create their work. In 1872 Nikolai Andreevich got married. In the early 1870s, Nikolai became a professor, and in the mid-70s, he began to improve his knowledge himself. But in the 90s, the composer noticed a serious decline in his creative activity.

Brief biography of Rimsky-Korsakovo

The great composer was born into a noble family in 1844. Since childhood, he had an excellent musical memory, perfect pitch and an accurate sense of rhythm.

At the age of 12, he entered the cadet corps in St. Petersburg, since from childhood he dreamed of becoming a sailor. However, there he suffered from the military training system, and the only joy for him was attending the opera.

At the age of 17, Nikolai became a member of the "Mighty Handful" of the community of young composers.

With the first opera "The Woman of Pskov" fame came to him. He becomes instructor of instrumentation at the St. Petersburg Conservatory. Rimsky-Korsakov develops an orchestration course, inspects military brass bands, teaches at the conservatory, conducts concerts at a free music school and, at the same time, creates operas, symphonies, chamber and church music.

Since 1894, new operas by Rimsky-Korsakov have been released almost every year: The Night Before Christmas, Mozart and Salieri.

In 1905, Nikolai Andreevich supported the demands of students to temporarily stop classes and expel from the educational institution the soldiers who participated in the massacre of the population in January 1905.

For this he was fired from the conservatory, police oversight was instituted for him, his compositions were banned from performance. A few months later, he was asked to return, but the excitement exacerbated a long-standing heart disease. In 1908, Nikolai Andreevich died.

Composer Rimsky-Korsakov opened the audience to the wonderful world of fairy tales. His compositions are the property of Russian culture.

Biography of Rimsky-Korsakov

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov is the most famous composer, whose operas still do not leave the stages of the first theaters in Europe and the world. The recognizable style of Rimsky-Korsakov is simplicity and calm inner greatness; and his spiritual works won the public no less love than secular music.

Nikolai Andreevich was born in 1844 to the family of a civil servant who held high posts in the Novgorod province entrusted to him.

The mother of the future composer was the daughter of a landowner and a peasant serf; but neither the father's employment, nor the mother's low background did not negatively affect the situation in the family. Nikolai Andreevich grew up surrounded by love and care of deeply religious people.

The teachers invited to the house taught the boy literacy and music, and, although the latter entered the circle of interests of Rimsky-Korsakov quite early, he gave preference to church and folk music.

The future composer's move to St. Petersburg was associated with the death of his father. The boy was eighteen years old; he quickly entered the artistic - primarily musical - circles of the capital of that time.

The main event of this period, of course, is the meeting of Rimsky-Korsakov with Miliy Alekseevich Balakirev, the composer, in whose circle Nikolai Andreevich's musical and general aesthetic tastes were formed.

Balakirev provided his students - including Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky - all kinds of support, helped them find their strengths and determine their path in the musical world.

Under the influence, probably, of the experience and authority of his older brother, the Warrior, Nikolai Andreevich, having graduated from the Naval Academy in St. Petersburg, went to the naval service. In such a journey, there was no time for writing; but Rimsky-Korsakov captured the experience of visiting other countries and the greatness of the sea later in his "Seascapes".

Returning to the capital, Nikolai Andreevich again converges with Balakirev's circle, which many young composers managed to join, among them - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Alexander Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky. Rimsky-Korsakov resumes work on the symphony, which he left because of the service. This symphony was completed and performed in 1865.

For the next two years, the composer worked on the opera Sadko. In it, Rimsky-Korsakov's tendencies, motives and musical views found expression, which later became decisive for his entire creative path. In the future, the composer more than once turned to fabulous material in search of inspiration.

The active pedagogical activity of Rimsky-Korsakov was associated with the 1870s-80s - he served as director of several important St. Petersburg music schools and academies.

After a short break in his work for the sake of studying philosophy in the 1890s, the composer returned to a stormy activity - at the turn of the century, operas were created (Mozart and Salieri, The Night Before Christmas, etc.) and individual symphonic works.

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov died in his country estate near St. Petersburg in 1908. Now this estate has been reconstructed and combined with the neighboring possessions of the composer into a memorial museum complex.

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Brief biography of Rimsky-Korsakov

It is in demand not only by students of music schools, but in general by everyone who is interested in art. We invite you to briefly familiarize yourself with the life of the outstanding maestro, and find out the main points from his work.

Brief biographies of topics and interesting, that in a few words convey the main point.

Biography of Rimsky-Korsakov

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908) - an outstanding Russian composer, teacher and conductor. Having lived only 64 years, he managed to do a lot for art, going down in history as a talented master of his craft.

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov

Rimsky-Korsakov was born on March 18, 1844 in the city of Tikhvin, Novgorod province. Despite the penchant for music, which Nikolai Andreevich manifested from early childhood, he nevertheless went to military service. In this matter, he was strongly influenced by his elder brother, officer and future rear admiral.

Starting his studies at the age of 6, he became interested in church music and folk songs, and at 11 he wrote his first work.

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In 1862, after the death of his father, the Rimsky-Korsakov family moved to St. Petersburg. It was there that Nikolai Andreevich met the outstanding composer and teacher M. A. Balakirev. Having entered his circle, which later received the name "The Mighty Handful," Rimsky-Korsakov finally formed his aesthetic views.

A short biography does not allow us to tell about all the features of the military service of the future composer. Let's just say that from 1862 to 1865 Rimsky-Korsakov served on the Almaz clipper (ship). Three years of travel allowed him to see many countries, but there was practically no time to study music.

The beginning of Rimsky-Korsakov's work

Three years later, returning to St. Petersburg, Nikolai Andreevich again establishes contacts with the Balakirev circle. It was then that he met A.P. Borodin, L.I. Shestakova (Glinka's sister) and P.I. Tchaikovsky.

Influenced by Balakirev, Rimsky-Korsakov continues to work on his First Symphony. At the same time, he wrote the Overture on Russian Themes (1866), Serbian Fantasy (1867), the symphonic picture Sadko (1896), the Second Symphony (Antar, 1868) and a number of bright poetic romances. In total, he wrote 79 romances.

Considering the biography of Rimsky-Korsakov, who was of a naval family, a love for the sea was transmitted to him at the genetic level. Before him, no one even tried to portray the sea element in musical colors.

With the help of unusual techniques, he was able to masterly betray the peculiarities of the sea and everything connected with it. Later, other famous composers began to adopt these ideas.

An interesting fact is that Rimsky-Korsakov had the so-called color hearing. That is, he saw each tonality in a certain color. This unique feature is called synesthesia. Thus, his E major correlated with blue. Therefore, all the "sea" works were written by him in E major.

Success and recognition

The success of the works was so obvious that already in 1871 Rimsky-Korsakov received an invitation to the post of professor of practical composition, instrumentation and orchestration at the St. Petersburg Conservatory.

It should be noted here that it was not so easy to obtain a professorship without an appropriate education. However, the unusual biography and outstanding abilities of the future classic were not questioned by anyone. It is interesting that today this conservatory bears his name.

Composer in 1897

Two years later, the musician became an inspector of brass bands of the Naval Department, and in 1874 - director of the Free Music School. In the same year, Rimsky-Korsakov began to actively engage in conducting symphony concerts, and then opera performances.

In the biography of Rimsky-Korsakov, one can clearly see how easily he was taken for one or another type of activity.

Interestingly, he was nicknamed "the storyteller" for his love of the fantastic world of fairy tales. It was he who invented the symmetrical mode, which would later be called the "Rimsky-Korsakov scale".

The maestro's first opera was "The Pskovite Woman", written in 1872. Seven years later, he creates "May Night" based on a plot by N.V. Gogol. Then, in 1881, the most inspired opera The Snow Maiden appeared, written for the fairy tale by A.N. Ostrovsky.

An interesting fact in the biography of Rimsky-Korsakov is that in the early 1890s he began to experience some creative decline. However, later, on the contrary, the stunning operas The Night Before Christmas (1895), Sadko (1896), Mozart and Salieri (1897), the prologue to the opera The Pskovite and The Tsar's Bride (based on the drama Leo Mey, 1898).

Family of Rimsky-Korsakov

In 1872, Nikolai Andreevich married Nadezhda Nikolaevna Purgold. She was also a pianist, musicologist and composer.

They had seven children, two of whom died in childhood. It is not surprising that all children received a good musical education. After all, both father and mother were outstanding figures in this field.

Contemporaries emphasized that Rimsky-Korsakov was a very caring father and paid a lot of attention to his children. He not only constantly studied music with them, but also raised them in the intelligent traditions of that time.

You can read more about his biography in the book of the ZhZL series by the author I.F. Kunin.

last years of life

In 1905-1907. revolutionary events began in the Russian Empire. Rimsky-Korsakov sided with the protesting students condemning the actions of the administration of the St. Petersburg Conservatory. As a sign of solidarity, he resigned altogether, but then, when the leadership of the conservatory was changed, he returned to his post.

Another interesting fact from the biography. For some time, it was forbidden to officially perform his works. However, despite this, concerts of works by Rimsky-Korsakov were regularly held throughout the country, and crowds of the public came to listen to extraordinary music. As a sign of support for Nikolai Andreevich, the audience stood up every time.

The composer's followers were about 200 outstanding musicians, including such figures as Prokofiev, Stravinsky, Gnesin, Taneyev and others.

Having written the opera The Golden Cockerel, Rimsky-Korsakov openly ridiculed the image of the tsar. For this work was immediately banned. Upon learning of this, the already middle-aged musician experienced a heart attack, which was the reason for his imminent death.

Nikolai Andreevich died on June 21, 1908 in the village of Lyubensk. There the composer had a country estate. Now it is a museum named after him.

He was buried in St. Petersburg at the Novodevichy cemetery. In 1930, his remains were transferred to the Necropolis of the Masters of the Arts of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

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Brief biography of Rimsky Korsakov, the most important thing

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov is a world-famous Russian composer and conductor. Date of birth - March 18, 1844, date of death - June 21, 1908

Throughout his life, this great man wrote 15 operas that amaze with their magnificence. The most famous of them: "Snow Maiden" and, of course, "May Night".

Rimsky-Korsakov completed his training in the famous naval cadet corps. Later, the composer set off on a three-year voyage, where he felt a craving for beauty. Rimsky-Korsakov's first own symphony was performed at an ordinary free music school, where it received great success.

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In addition to the fact that this great man has achieved incredible success in the musical field, he was also a public figure.

During the period of his great life, Rimsky-Korsakov changed several fields. For example, he was a teacher at the St. Petersburg Conservatory, worked as a director at an ordinary free music school, and also conducted in Moscow and Paris.

During his entire pedagogical period, Korsakov trained more than two hundred famous composers, as well as other musical figures. This, of course, influenced the further development of Russian classical music.

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Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov: biography, interesting facts, creativity

The most popular of all Russian composers, the creator of the school of composition, which is still in demand today, a professor at a conservatory without a conservatory education, a patriot of the primordial culture of his country - Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov.

In an age of technological progress and grandiose state transformations, at the end of eras, his inspiration drew its strength not from industrial civilization or human passions, but from Russian nature, the tunes of his native land, simple stories of epics, legends and fairy tales known from childhood.

His creative legacy is truly priceless, since after a hundred years it continues to delight listeners not only in our country, but also abroad.

A short biography of Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov and many interesting facts about the composer can be found on our page.

Brief biography of Rimsky-Korsakov

The city of Tikhvin is known outside the Leningrad region, perhaps, for two events: in the 14th century, the icon of the Tikhvin Mother of God appeared here, and on March 18, 1844, a son was born in the family of a 60-year-old retired official Andrei Petrovich Rimsky-Korsakov and his 41-year-old wife Sofia Vasilievna , who was named Nikolai.

The boy began to study music from early childhood, but he dreamed not about it, but about the sea: his older brother was an officer in the navy, and Nika, as he was called at home, wanted to be like him. Therefore, at the age of 12, he enters the capital's Naval Cadet Corps. In Petersburg, the young man meets M.A. Balakirev and became a member of his composer's circle "The Mighty Handful", along with Ts.A. Cui, A.P.

Borodin and M.P. Mussorgsky. But he was barely 17!

In 1862 midshipman Rimsky-Korsakov began to serve in the navy. Having traveled several continents on a ship in three years, he continues to serve ashore and at the same time is engaged in composing music - his true vocation.

According to the biography of Rimsky-Korsakov, in 1871, the self-taught composer was invited to teach at the St. Petersburg Conservatory. He agrees, admitting that, despite sufficient practical experience, he does not have the proper theoretical background.

And he sits down at the school desk along with his students to study the academic foundations of music. In 1872, Nikolai Andreevich married the pianist Nadezhda Nikolaevna Purgold. 7 children were born in the marriage.

The composer's social activities are becoming more and more intense: he directs the Free Music School, at one of the concerts of which he takes the conductor's stand, for 12 years has been working in the Court Singing Chapel, and is the head of Belyaev's circle.

The events of 1905 found a response in conservatory circles: students demanded the resignation of the leadership of the conservatory, the leading teaching staff, including Rimsky-Korsakov, left the educational institution. Only by the end of the year, when a student of the composer A.K.

Glazunov, he returned to his native walls.

Already at the end of his life, Rimsky-Korsakov received international recognition, performing as a composer and conductor at the "Russian Historical Concerts" at the Parisian Grand Opera. The concerts were organized by his student, S.P. Diaghilev.

As a professor of composition, he became the mentor of many prominent musicians, including I.F. Stravinsky and S.S. Prokofiev. In the spring of 1908, Nikolai Andreevich's heart disease sharply worsened. And yet he did not leave work for a day.

Last summer he met in his own estate in the Pskov region. On June 8, 1908, the composer died.

Interesting facts about Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov

• During Nikolai's training in the Naval Cadet Corps, Voin Andreevich, his brother, was appointed director of the educational institution.

• Rimsky-Korsakov could write music without an instrument. Thus, most of the opera Servilia was written during the composer's foreign travel with his wife, when the piano was not available to him.
• The Mighty Handful had disintegrated by 1874. Moreover, the paths of its members diverged both creatively and personally: Rimsky-Korsakov ceased to closely communicate with Mussorgsky, and relations with Cui and Balakirev cooled to the point of complete hostility.
• In 1898, the Rimsky-Korsakov couple were invited to the Moscow apartment of L.N. Tolstoy. A bitter dispute over art arose between the writer and the composer. Tolstoy argued that all music is harmful and shameful, and Nikolai Andreevich opposed him no less harshly.
• Rimsky-Korsakov is the 26th most frequently performed opera composer in the world. Last season, his opera productions were shown more than 650 times. The most performed work is The Tsar's Bride, which is included in the top 100 most popular operas in the world.
• St. Petersburg Conservatory, where N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, now bears his name.

• The production of The Tsar's Bride actually saved the Moscow private opera from complete ruin and collapse. S.I. Mamontov at that time was under arrest and was declared bankrupt.
• In 1910, within the framework of the Russian Seasons, Mikhail Fokin staged the ballet Scheherazade to the music of Rimsky-Korsakov's suite at the Grand Opera in Paris. In 1993 the ballet was resumed in Russia, since 1994 it has been included in the repertoire of the Mariinsky Theater.
• The composer treated only two of his operas with great love and absolute satisfaction - The Snow Maiden and The Tsar's Bride.
• Two of Rimsky-Korsakov's most prominent students, Stravinsky and Prokofiev, spoke ambiguously about his studies. Igor Fedorovich humanly loved his teacher, but did not find depth in his music and did not share his atheistic convictions. Sergei Sergeevich considered the lessons with the master superficial, he lacked mutual communication. That is why Prokofiev did not call himself a student of Rimsky-Korsakov. At the same time, the music "Tales ..." and "Snow Maiden" shocked and creatively inspired the young composer.

• The Mariinsky Theater honors historical ties with the works of Rimsky-Korsakov: its current repertoire includes 8 operas by the composer and the ballet Scheherazade.
• Of the 10 representatives of the sixth generation of the composer's descendants, only two - Andrei Vladimirovich and Alexander Vladimirovich bear his surname. They are the great-great-grandchildren of Vladimir Nikolaevich, his third son. Among the great-great-grandchildren of N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov - Olga Favorskaya, singer and composer.

Creativity of Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov

One of the most striking features of N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov had an incredible ability to perceive experience. It is believed that folk culture is at the heart of his work. This is so, but are not Balakirev's ideas in his First Symphony, in his early works - the influence of Liszt and Schubert not audible? Is it not called "The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh ..." Russian "Parsifal"?

In modern performance, Rimsky-Korsakov is primarily the author of many popular operas. But from the moment of the formation of the "Mighty Handful" and until the end of the 80s of the 19th century, contemporaries saw him primarily as a symphonist. This is true from the point of view that after the 1980s the composer concentrated entirely on the operatic genre. And before that, he created several major symphonic works.

He wrote the first symphony (1862-1865) before all his fellow Kuchkists. It became the second symphony written by Russian composers. But, in the words of C. Cui, the first truly Russian. The harmony of national music is traced in it, and one of its parts is written on the theme of a folk song. In the following symphonic works, the composer continued to develop Slavic melodies.

In 1867 Rimsky-Korsakov first turned to the plot of the Old Russian epic "Sadko" - a symphonic picture of the same name was written. Then work began on the Second Symphony.

The plot was a fairy tale - another creative symbol of the composer. Years later, he will rename his brainchild into a symphonic suite “ Antar».

In the early 1870s, the Third Symphony was written, which turned out to be not very successful, and in the mid-80s it was completely reworked.

In 1873 the premiere of the first opera by the composer took place - “ Pskov woman". However, he was not completely satisfied with the result of his work and for almost another 20 years returned to it, rewriting individual fragments. And in 1897 he created "Boyarynya Vera Sheloga", a prologue to "The Pskovite Woman". It is noteworthy that the composer writes the libretto of this and many subsequent operas independently.

« May night”, Published in 1880, opens a new round in the work of Rimsky-Korsakov. His conservatory studies were not in vain - he mastered counterpoint, began to better understand the principles of orchestration, and expanded his knowledge in the field of folk songs. Almost immediately after "May Night" appears " Snow Maiden"- an opera based on the fairy tale of the same name by A.N. Ostrovsky.

Nikolai Andreevich personally agreed with the playwright to use his plot for the libretto. The opera was written in the summer in the village of Stelevo. The composer was inspired by nature, and simple life, and the environment. This is probably why The Snow Maiden was written in just 2.5 months. Already on February 10, 1881, its premiere took place at the Mariinsky Theater, rather unsuccessful, although warmly received by A.N.

Ostrovsky.

The next decade was spent working on symphonic works, the most famous of which were “ Spanish capriccio" and " Scheherazade", As well as - on the last operas of his friends:" Khovanshchina "by M.P. Mussorgsky and "Prince Igor" by A.P.

Borodin, which remained unfinished after their death. He dedicated his 1888 Resurrection Overture for Orchestra to Mussorgsky and Borodin. The composer is also involved in reworking his early works.

Only 8 years after The Snow Maiden, his name reappears on the premiere posters: the opera-ballet “ Mlada».

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At the turn of the century, Rimsky-Korsakov creates most of his operas. In 1895, " Christmas Eve". The Gogol plot was used two decades earlier by P.I. Tchaikovsky in the opera "Vakula the Blacksmith" (after revision - "Cherevichki"), at the same time Rimsky-Korsakov became interested in him.

Nikolai Andreevich considered the work of his colleague to be weak, but during Tchaikovsky's life he did not dare to take on this story, so as not to provoke a conflict situation. After the sudden death of Pyotr Ilyich, he immediately set to work.

Contemporaries compared Christmas Eve with his previous operas and, alas, not in favor of the latter.

Despite the failure, the composer takes the already familiar epic plot - "Sadko". The creation of the libretto this time was entrusted to V.I. Belsky, with whom they worked on a previous opera. This creative duet will continue in the future.

"Sadko" was written with inspiration, it was started in Vechash - an estate in the Pskov region, which the Rimsky-Korsakovs rented for the summer. The beauty of these places was extremely conducive to creativity. In the fall of 1896, the opera was completed and published.

But the Mariinsky Theater refused to stage it - that was the decision of the Emperor Nicholas II himself. However, the composer met a major industrialist and philanthropist S.I. Mamontov, who had his own opera in Moscow.

Mamontov turned out to be an admirer of his art and staged Sadko in early 1898. A great success awaited the prime minister. The performance was designed by K.A. Korovin, and the part of the Varangian guest was performed by F.I. Chaliapin.

Finding support in the person of Mamontov, Rimsky-Korsakov creates a one-act opera “ Mozart and Salieri"On the Pushkin story and begins to embody his old idea -" The Tsar's Bride

Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov short biography

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov a short biography for children and adults is outlined in this article.

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov- Russian composer, teacher, conductor. Among his works are 15 operas, 3 symphonies, symphonic works, instrumental concerts, cantatas, chamber instrumental, vocal and sacred music.

Was born March 18 (March 6 old style) 1844 in the city of Tikhvin, Novgorod province. The composer's father came from an old noble family.

From the age of six to seven, the boy learned to play the piano; his first attempts at composing date to the age of nine.

In 1862 he graduated from the St. Petersburg Naval School.

Acquaintance in 1861 with the composer Miliy Balakirev and his circle "The Mighty Handful", inclined him to more serious studies.

Rimsky-Korsakov's communication with the Balakirev circle was temporarily interrupted by a two-year circumnavigation, which served as a source of various impressions reflected in his work. The most significant works of this period are the symphonic painting "Sadko" (1867) and the opera "The Pskovite Woman" (based on the drama of the same name by L. Mey, 1872).

In 1871, Rimsky-Korsakov was invited as a professor at the St. Petersburg Conservatory and held this position for almost four decades.

In 1874-1881 Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov was the director of the Free Music School and the conductor of its concerts.

In 1883-1894, he held the position of assistant manager of the court singing chapel.

In 1905, for speaking out in defense of the rights of students, Rimsky-Korsakov was dismissed from the conservatory, which led to the resignation of a significant part of the teaching staff in protest. In December 1905, after granting the conservatory autonomy, he returned to the conservatory at the invitation of the artistic council.

Rimsky-Korsakov combined his versatile musical, conducting and pedagogical activities with the fruitful work of the composer.

He created 15 operas, among them - "The Pskovite" (1872), "May Night" (1879), "The Snow Maiden" (1881), "Sadko" (1896), "The Tsar's Bride" (1898), "The Tale of Tsar Saltan" (1900 ), "Kashchei the Immortal" (1902), "The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh ..." (1904), "The Golden Cockerel" (1907). A number of fragments from these operas became hits - "The Song of an Indian Guest" from "Sadko" or the orchestral "Flight of the Bumblebee" from "Saltan".

Rimsky-Korsakov devoted 37 years of his life to teaching. I. Stravinsky, A. Arensky, A. Glazunov, S. Prokofiev and others were educated by him.

Creating his own works, the composer also conveyed to the listener more than one piece of his deceased comrades.

Nikolai Andreevich died June 21, 1908 from a heart attack that followed a heart attack.

Brief biography of Rimsky-Korsakov for schoolchildren of grades 1-11. Briefly and only the most important

­ Brief biography of Rimsky-Korsakov

Rimsky-Korsakov Nikolai Andreevich - famous Russian composer and conductor, music critic; public figure of the second half of the 19th century; participant of the Balakirevsky circle "The Mighty Handful". Born March 18, 1844 in Tikhvin (Leningrad Region), in an old noble family. Rimsky-Korsakov's great-great-grandfather served as Rear Admiral of the Fleet under Elizabeth I.

Nikolai showed his talent for music very early. At the age of 6-7, he learned to play the piano, and at the age of 9 he was already making his first attempts to compose something of his own. He liked church music and Russian folk tunes.

In 1862, after completing his studies at the St. Petersburg Naval School, he set off on a three-year voyage around the world. Both during his travels and during his studies, he continued to study music. In 1873 he was appointed inspector of military bands.

He held this post for over 10 years.

Upon his return from a long voyage, he presented to M. A. Balakirev his first symphony, which was a great success. He began to take music even more seriously after he joined the Mighty Handful.

He wrote new symphonies, whole operas, compositions for orchestra, etc. Among the outstanding works of Rimsky-Korsakov are the operas "Sadko", "The Pskovite Woman", "The Snow Maiden", the orchestral work "Serbian Fantasy".

From 1871 he was a teacher of instrumentation classes, and three years later he was appointed director of a music school.

This outstanding composer has performed as a conductor in Moscow, Paris, Brussels, Odessa. His energy and enthusiasm could only be envied. His operas have appeared on the stage of the Mariinsky Theater and the Moscow Private Opera. Many of his students became famous.

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Among them are Lyadov, Sacchetti, Bernhardt, A. K. Glazunov. In 1905, Nikolai Andreevich was removed from his duties at the conservatory due to his support for the rights of students. However, in December of the same year, he was invited back.

The great composer died in June 1908 in the Lyubensk estate.

A year later, his autobiography, Chronicle of My Musical Life, was published. Rimsky-Korsakov was married to the pianist N. Purgold, with whom they had seven children (two died in infancy). Two of his sons followed in their father's footsteps and chose music as their calling. One was a famous musicologist, and the other was a violinist and violist.

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Biography of Rimsky-Korsakov briefly

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov, a famous composer, as well as a conductor, teacher, was born on March 18, 1844 in the city of Tikhvin, Novgorod province.

He showed himself as a talented musician early, however, not listening to his own instinctive search, he decided to start a military career as a naval officer.

In 1856 he even entered the Marine Corps in St. Petersburg, but did not put his passion for music far into the box, but continued, whenever possible, to develop his talents.

In 1861 he met M. Balakirev, which played an important role in the formation of the future famous composer. The start of his musical career was still far away. In 1862, continuing his chosen occupation, he went on a sea voyage for three years on a small clipper "Almaz".

Rimsky-Korsakov returned to St. Petersburg only in 1865 and began his musical studies, while not leaving the officer's activity. The famous Balakirev supported and taught him in every possible way.

In 1865, the first works of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov appeared under the title "Overture on Russian Themes", as well as his First Symphony (without a title). In 1867, Serbian Fantasy and Sadko came out. In 1868, the second symphony "Antar", a series of poetic romances, was created.

In total, the famous composer has written about 97 pieces of music.

In 1871 he began his career as professor of instrumental performance in St. Petersburg, teaching free composition. Service in the navy and officer activity finally became a thing of the past for the composer in 1873.

Rimsky-Korsakov left not empty-handed: he was awarded the title and position of inspector of military bands in the navy.

All the time that the fleet existed, until 1884, Rimsky-Korsakov successfully held the position given to him, which in no way reflected on his musical career or academic performance at a music university as a professor.

In 1872, the first and most important opera in the life of Rimsky-Korsakov, The Pskovites, was published.

In 1879, Rimsky-Korsakov created "May Night", which definitely helped to determine the composer's course - he was interested in operas, and they also represented him, characterized him in the best way, reflected the fullness of his creative treasure.

In 1881, Rimsky-Korsakov created the opera The Snow Maiden, which was noted by critics as the most inspiring opera of all the works of the meter.

The Snow Maiden also became a new vector in the search for inspiration from Rimsky-Korsakovo - he turned to epic motifs, creating such works as Mlada, The Night Before Christmas, then Sadko, after which he was devoted to this theme to the end. The hobby shifted to a new genre and it was thanks to Rimsky-Korsakov that the fairy tale opera was born.

In addition to creative merits and a great contribution to the development of Russian music, Rimsky-Korsakov spared no effort or time to help young talents acquire knowledge, so a lot can be said about his career as a teacher. Under his leadership, such famous composers as A. Arensky, S. Prokofiev, I.

Stravinsky and others.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov died on June 21, 1908. He was buried in Lyubinsk near Lug (Leningrad Region now).

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Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov is a Russian composer, teacher, theorist, conductor, member of the Mighty Handful of musical creative community. Author of fifteen operas, three symphonies, a number of symphonic works, collections of "100 Russian folk songs" and "40 folk songs", as well as 80 romances.

Childhood and youth

Nikolai Andreevich was born in the city of Tikhvin, Novgorod province, into a family of hereditary nobles. The great-great-grandfather of the future composer held the post of Rear Admiral of the Fleet under Elizaveta Petrovna. Father Andrei Petrovich Rimsky-Korsakov bore the title of actual state councilor, served as the Novgorod vice-governor, and served for four years as the Volyn governor.

Mother Sofya Vasilievna belonged to the Skaryatins landlord family, but was born of a peasant serf.

The house where Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov was born

The family brought up two sons - Warrior and Nikolai. The eldest son Voin Andreevich later became a naval rear admiral.

The age difference between the brothers was 22 years, so the younger brother was heavily influenced by the elder's authority.

Nicholas was trained from an early age to serve in the navy, but his father, who owns the piano, instilled in his young son a love of music from the age of six. Initially, Nikolai was only fond of church singing and Russian folklore. At the age of 9, the boy composed his first vocal work.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and his brother the Warrior Rimsky-Korsakov

In 1856, the teenager was assigned to the Naval Cadet Corps.

Having moved to the northern capital, Rimsky-Korsakov plunged into the cultural life of the city and began to visit the opera house.

Nikolai got acquainted with the musical works of Gioacchino Rossini, Giacomo Meyerbeer, Mikhail Glinka, Ludwig van Beethoven, Amadeus Mozart and Felix Mendelssohn.

The young man began to take cello lessons from the teacher Ulih, then studied with the pianist Fyodor Canille. In 1862 Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov graduated from the naval school. In the same year, the young man suffered a heavy loss - the father of the future composer died. Mother and older brother moved to St. Petersburg.

Music

In 1861, Rimsky-Korsakov and Miliy Balakirev, the founder of the Mighty Handful, became acquainted. Friendship with a talented musician influenced the development of the creative biography of Nikolai Andreevich. Ts. A. Cui and MP Mussorgsky also became members of the circle. Later, A.P. Borodin joined the community. The music critic V. V. Stasov became the ideologist of the "Mighty Handful".

Composers of The Mighty Handful

Miliy Alekseevich inspired the young composer to create a major work - the First Symphony op. 1, sketches for which have already been created. By the end of his studies at the naval school, Nikolai completed three parts of the work and set off on a voyage around the world on the Almaz clipper. The slow part of the symphonic cycle was written six months after sailing.

Returning three years later to St. Petersburg, Nikolai Andreevich plunges into creativity. In the very first months, the premiere of the author's First Russian Symphony, performed by the orchestra conducted by Miliy Balakirev, took place at the concert of the Free Music School.

Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov in childhood and adolescence

Under the influence of his mentor, Rimsky-Korsakov delved into the study of folklore and created the symphonic picture "Sadko", the musical material of which was later used in the opera of the same name. The composer's innovation manifested itself in the use of programmaticity, as well as in the invention of a symmetrical scale, which gave the music a fantastic sound.

It was a pleasure for Rimsky-Korsakov to experiment with scale systems, since the composer himself was naturally endowed with a colored ear. The composer perceived the tonality in C major in white, in D major in yellow. E major became for Nikolai Andreevich a symbol of the sea element, associated with shades of blue.

Later, the suite "Antar" (Second Symphony, Op. 9) appeared from the musician's pen. The composer began to master the operatic genre with the creation of orchestrations of works by Alexander Dargomyzhsky and Caesar Cui.

The first opera by Rimsky-Korsakov appeared only in 1872 and was named "The Pskovite Woman". The libretto is based on the drama of the same name by Lev Mey. The opera premiered a year later at the Mariinsky Theater.

In the early 70s, Nikolai Andreevich received an invitation from the administration of the St. Petersburg Conservatory and became a professor at an educational institution, without having a complete musical education.

For 35 years of teaching, the composer has trained a galaxy of world-famous musicians, including Anton Arensky, Alexander Glazunov, Mikhail Gnesin, Alexander Grechaninov, Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, Anatoly Lyadov, Nikolai Myaskovsky, Sergei Prokofiev, Igor Stravinsky.

Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov at work

Together with the students to whom Nikolai Andreevich teaches composition, instrumentation and orchestration, the composer himself improves his professional skills.

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The musician devotes the first years of teaching to writing polyphonic, vocal works, creates concerts for piano, clarinet, trombone, quintet and sextet for an instrumental ensemble.

In 1874 Rimsky-Korsakov took the conductor's stand. Six years later, the talented musician has already performed with the orchestra in Moscow, at the "World Exhibition" in Paris, at the "Concerts populaires" in Brussels. In the mid-70s, the composer prepares for the release of scores of operas by Mikhail Glinka.

In the 80s, symphonic works by Rimsky-Korsakov appeared, which earned the composer world fame: the orchestral suite "Scheherazade", "Spanish Capriccio", the overture "Bright Holiday", as well as the operas "May Night", "Snow Maiden", "Mlada" ...

During these years, Nikolai Andreevich collaborated with the Court Choir Choir, directed the Belyaevsky circle, and directed the Russian Symphony Concerts in St. Petersburg.

Portrait of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

The beginning of the 90s was marked by a decline in the composer's creative activity.

At this time, the master's philosophical and theoretical works appeared, Nikolai Andreevich created new editions of a number of previous works.

In the mid-1990s, a new stage in Rimsky-Korsakov's operatic career began: the operas The Night Before Christmas (1895), Sadko (1896), Mozart and Salieri (1897), and The Tsar's Bride (1898) appeared.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Rimsky-Korsakov composed the last fairy-tale operas: Kashchei the Immortal (1902), The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh ... (1904), The Golden Cockerel (1907).

Popularity gained the theme of the sideshow for the opera "The Tale of Tsar Saltan" (1900), which was named "Flight of the Bumblebee".

The number was repeatedly rearranged for solo performance with stringed folk instruments, and editions for piano and guitar were also created. In the XX century, arrangements of works in the style of jazz, rock, heavy metal appeared.

With the beginning of the revolutionary movement in Russia in 1905, Rimsky-Korsakov came out in support of the striking university students, as a result of which he was fired from the conservatory, where he returned after a while.

Personal life

The personal life of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov was successful. Being a part of the house of a senior colleague A.S.

Dargomyzhsky, at one of the creative evenings Nikolai drew attention to the pianist Nadezhda Nikolaevna Purgold. At that moment, the young musician was just starting work on the opera "Pskovityanka".

Nikolai Andreevich needed an assistant for the instrumentation of several opera numbers, and he turned to Nadezhda Nikolaevna.

Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov with his family

Joint creativity influenced the relationship of young people, in 1872 a wedding took place. A year later, the firstborn was born in the family - Mikhail, who later became a zoologist and forestry specialist. In 1875, the wife gave Nikolai Andreevich a daughter, Sofia, a future opera singer.

Three years later, a son, Andrei, was born, who later mastered the profession of a musicologist, became a doctor of philosophical sciences. Vladimir, the youngest son of Rimsky-Korsakov, born in 1882, worked as a violist in the Mariinsky Theater Orchestra. In 1884, the youngest daughter Nadezhda was born.

The Rimsky-Korsakov couple had two more children - Svyatoslav and Maria, who died in infancy.

Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov

The wife survived Nikolai Andreevich by 11 years and died of smallpox.

The apartment on Zagorodny Prospekt in St. Petersburg, where the Rimsky-Korsakovs lived in recent years, was populated by newcomers after the revolution.

Only in 1971 was the museum of the composer housed there, where the atmosphere of the times of Nikolai Andreevich's life was restored. The apartment contains manuscripts of famous operas and photos from the musician's family archive.

Death

The composer died on June 8, 1908 according to Art. from a heart attack, which he received after the news that the opera "The Golden Cockerel" was banned for production.

At this time, Nikolai Andreevich was in a country estate in Lyubensk.

The funeral of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

The musician's grave was originally located in St. Petersburg at the Novodevichy Cemetery, then the remains were reburied in the Necropolis of the Masters of Arts of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Artworks

• 1865 - First Symphony
• 1872 - "The Pskovite"
• 1878 - "May Night"
• 1881 - "Snow Maiden"
• 1883 - Concerto for piano and orchestra
• 1887 - "Spanish Capriccio"
• 1888 - "Scheherazade" suite
• 1895 - The Night Before Christmas
• 1896 - "Sadko"
• 1897 - Mozart and Salieri
• 1898 - The Tsar's Bride
• 1900 - "The Tale of Tsar Saltan"
• 1907 - The Golden Cockerel

Photo

Rimsky-Korsakov biography, summary

Rimsky-Korsakov biography, summary. Russian composer, music teacher and conductor.

Rimsky-Korsakov (Nikolai Andreevich) born into a noble family and received a musical education as part of his upbringing. When he was 12 years old, he became a cadet of the naval corps, and in 1862 as a naval officer, he went on a voyage around the world.

Already in 1861 he met composer Miliy Balakirev, who only strengthened his growing love for music and convinced him to take music more seriously.

In 1865 Balakirev headed the premiere of Rimsky-Korsakov's Symphony No. 1. The success of the symphony-poem "Sadko" and his first opera "The Pskovityanka" led Rimsky-Korsakov to retire from the fleet. He became an inspector of the Russian naval chapel (until 1884).

Download the best Russian songs to your car on the road

In 1871 he was asked to become professor of orchestration and instrumentation at the St. Petersburg Conservatory. He himself did not think he was suitable for this due to lack of professional training.

His friends in the “mighty handful” persuaded him to accept the appointment. He later pointed out that he needs to study a lot in order to get ahead of his students. He taught many Russian composers, including:

• Anatoly Lyadov,
• Anton Arensky,
• Alexandra Glazoenova,
• Nikolay Myaskovsky,
• his son-in-law Maximilian Steinberg,
• Igor Stravinsky
• and Sergei Prokofiev.

He also taught Ottorino Respighi during his time in St. Petersburg and was a great influence on the Flemish composers Paul Gilson and August De Beck, who communicated with him regularly.

1874 to 1881 Rimsky-Korsakov was the director and conductor of the music school,

from 1883 to 1894- Deputy Director of the Hofsangerskapel and from 1886 to 1900 - the conductor of concerts of the Russian symphony, organized by the music publisher and philanthropist Mitrofan Petrovich Belyaev in St. Petersburg.

Dean Markley Guitar Strings

He has also successfully performed as a conductor abroad. He was a member of the "Russian five" founded by Balakirev and consisting of five composers (including Borodin, Mussorgsky and Tsui), who, under the influence of the ideas of Vladimir Stasov, supported Russian national music.

He freed himself for his friends. Thus, he completed the works of Alexander Dargomyzsky (Stone Guest), Borodin (Prince Igor) and Mussorgsky (Boris Godunov, Chovanshchina, Night on Lysaya Gora).

In the years 1874-1880 he realized that he lacked knowledge, as he devoted so much time to the development of Russian music. Through self-study and stimulating contacts with Tchaikovsky, he managed to raise his level to a professional level.

This led, among other things, to a major revision of his first symphony, dated 1865, in 1884 at.

He had to interrupt his work at the conservatory after the revolution. 1905 year because of his sympathy for the revolutionary student movement, but in 1907 he was allowed to return and continue to work.

Metallica “One” - on the same string!

At the end of his life, Rimsky-Korsakov suffered from angina pectoris. He died in Lebensk in 1908 year and was buried in the cemetery in Tikhvin, Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg.

His grandson Georg Mikhailovich Rimsky-Korsakov was also a composer.

Russian composer, teacher, music figure Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov was born on March 18 (March 6, old style) 1844 in Tikhvin.

The composer's father came from an old noble family. His ancestors held prominent positions in the army and administration of Russia, starting with the great-great-grandfather of the Rear Admiral of the Navy under the Empress Elizabeth Petrovna.

In 1862 he graduated from the St. Petersburg Naval School.

In 1862-1865, Rimsky-Korsakov was on a voyage around the world, during which, in 1864, he was promoted to officer. In 1873 he retired.

In 1873-1884 he was an inspector of the military bands of the fleet.

While studying at the school, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov continued to study music, first with the cellist Ulich, then with the pianist Fyodor Canille.

Acquaintance in 1861 with the composer Miliy Balakirev and his circle "The Mighty Handful", which included composers Caesar Cui, Modest Mussorgsky, and later Alexander Borodin, inclined him to more serious pursuits.

During his voyage around the world, he graduated from Symphony No. 1 in E minor, op. 1, started back in St. Petersburg. In 1865, with great success, the first Russian symphony was performed by Balakirev in a concert of the Free Music School.

In 1871, on the initiative of the head of the St. Petersburg Conservatory, Mikhail Azanchevsky, Rimsky-Korsakov was invited to the position of teacher of instrumentation and practical composition classes.

In 1944, in the city of Tikhvin, Leningrad Region, the House-Museum of N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov. In 1971, the Memorial Museum-Apartment of the composer was opened in Leningrad (St. Petersburg).

The former estates of Vechasha and Lyubensk, where the composer died, became part of the memorial museum-estate of N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov of the Pskov State United Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources

Russian composer, teacher, conductor, public figure, music critic

Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov

short biography

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov(March 18, 1844, Tikhvin - June 21, 1908, Lubensk estate, St. Petersburg province) - Russian composer, teacher, conductor, public figure, music critic; member of the "Mighty Handful". Among his works are 15 operas, 3 symphonies, symphonic works, instrumental concerts, cantatas, chamber instrumental, vocal and sacred music.

Born in the city of Tikhvin, Novgorod province, into the noble family of the Rimsky-Korsakovs, known for their traditions of service in the navy. The family home was located on the banks of the Tikhvinka River, opposite the Bogorodichny Dormition Monastery. The composer's father, Andrei Petrovich Rimsky-Korsakov (1784-1862), served for some time as the Novgorod vice-governor, and then as the Volyn civil governor; mother, Sofya Vasilievna, was the daughter of a serf peasant woman and a wealthy landowner Vasily Fedorovich Skaryatin (brother of Ya. F. Skaryatin). The future composer was strongly influenced by his older brother, Voin Andreevich, a naval officer and future rear admiral.

At the age of 6, he began to study at home, including playing the piano, however, in comparison with books, the music made less impression on him: from the latter, he liked church music more, as well as Russian folk songs. At the age of 11, he began composing his first musical works.

In 1856, his father gave Nikolai, who dreamed of traveling, to the Naval Cadet Corps. In 1858, the future composer developed a real passion for music: he became acquainted with operas by Rossini, von Weber, but he was especially struck by Giacomo Meyerbeer's Robert the Devil and Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka's A Life for the Tsar, Ruslan and Lyudmila. Then there was an interest in the music of Beethoven (he admired the composer's "Pastoral Symphony"), Mozart and Mendelssohn. “I was a 16-year-old child who passionately loved music and played it,” he later recalled. Feeling the need to get a more serious musical education, in the fall of 1859 Nikolai began to take lessons from the pianist F.A. Canille.

In 1862, his father died, and the Rimsky-Korsakov family moved to St. Petersburg. In the same year, thanks to Fyodor Kanilla, Nikolai met the composer Miliy Balakirev and became a member of his circle, which had a decisive influence on the formation of his personality and aesthetic views. At that time, in addition to its head Balakirev and Rimsky-Korsakov himself, Ts. A. Cui and MP Mussorgsky were included in the Balakirevsky circle, which later became known as the "Mighty Handful". Balakirev supervised the work of younger colleagues and not only suggested the correct composer decisions for the compositions they created, but also helped with the instrumentation.

Under the influence and guidance of Miliy Alekseevich, Rimsky-Korsakov's first major work, the First Symphony, was begun. According to the composer himself, sketches for the beginning of the symphony existed during the years of his studies with Canille, but serious work on the composition began only in 1861-1862 - and “by May 1862, the first movement, the scherzo and the final of the symphony were composed by me and somehow orchestrated ".

In the same spring, Nikolai graduated with honors from the Marine Corps and was accepted into the naval service. From 1862 to 1865 he served on the Almaz clipper, which took part in an expedition to the shores of North America, thanks to which he visited a number of countries - England, Norway, Poland, France, Italy, Spain, USA, Brazil. The clipper service did not leave time for music, so the only work that appeared during this period from the composer's pen was the second movement of the First Symphony, Andante, written at the end of 1862, after which Rimsky-Korsakov temporarily postponed his writing. Impressions of sea life were later embodied in "seascapes", which the composer managed to capture in his works through orchestral colors.

Returning from the trip, Rimsky-Korsakov again finds himself in the society of members of the Balakirevsky circle, he meets its new member - chemist and novice composer A.P. Borodin, the circle's idol A.S. Dargomyzhsky, Glinka's sister L.I.Shestakova and with P.I.Tchaikovsky.

V.A.Serov. Portrait of N.A.Rimsky-Korsakov, 1898.

At the insistence of Balakirev, Rimsky-Korsakov again takes up his symphony: he composes the missing trios for the scherzo and completely re-orchestrates the work. This score (known as the first edition of the symphony) was first performed in 1865 under the baton of Balakirev, the constant performer of all of Rimsky-Korsakov's early symphonic scores. Having turned under the influence of Balakirev to Slavic folk melodies, Rimsky-Korsakov adhered to the national color in music, which will characterize most of his work in the future. The musical language found here was later successfully developed in such compositions as Overture on Three Russian Themes (first edition - 1866) and Serbian Fantasy (1867).

The milestone work of the composer was the musical picture Sadko (1867, later her music would be partially used in the opera of the same name), the earliest of Rimsky-Korsakov's program compositions. Here he acted as a continuer of the traditions of European programmatic symphony - first of all, Hector Berlioz and Franz Liszt, whose work greatly influenced the composer; in the future, most of the works of Rimsky-Korsakov will also be associated with a certain literary program.

In Sadko, Rimsky-Korsakov, who would later be called the “storyteller,” first came into contact with the world of fairy tales; here for the first time he uses the symmetrical mode invented by him, the so-called "Rimsky-Korsakov scale", which he later used to characterize the fantastic world in his musical works. Also, for the first time, the composer tried to depict the sea element here with the help of orchestral colors (he later did this repeatedly in such compositions as the Scheherazade suite, the prelude-cantata From Homer, the operas Sadko and The Tale of Tsar Saltan).

The fabulous beginning was further developed in the Antar symphonic suite, on which the composer began to work in 1868 as the Second Symphony, inspired by the plot of the oriental fairy tale by Osip Senkovsky. The work premiered in 1869 at a concert by the Russian Musical Society.

In the late 1860s, Rimsky-Korsakov worked on the instrumentation of other people's works: he helped Caesar Cui with the orchestration of the opera William Radcliffe and finished, according to the will of the deceased Dargomyzhsky, the score of his opera The Stone Guest. Turning to the operatic genre, which later became the leading one in his work, in 1872 he finished the opera based on Lev Mey's drama The Woman of Pskov. In the summer of the same year, he marries the pianist Nadezhda Purgold.

In the 1870s, the boundaries of Rimsky-Korsakov's musical activity expanded: starting in 1871, he became a professor at the St. Petersburg Conservatory, where he taught classes in practical composition, instrumentation and orchestration; from 1873 to 1884 he was an inspector of brass bands of the Naval Department, from 1874 to 1881 - director of the Free Music School. Beginning in 1874, the composer took up conducting - first symphony concerts, and then opera performances.

In the mid-1870s. Rimsky-Korsakov worked to improve his composing technique. It was during this period that he discovers serious shortcomings in his musical education and himself begins to study the disciplines taught at the conservatory. The result of the improvement of composing technique was the Third Symphony (C major, op. 32). In the 1880s, the composer created such symphonic works as the orchestral suite Scheherazade, Spanish Capriccio, and the Bright Holiday overture.

Beginning in 1882, Rimsky-Korsakov headed the Belyaevsky circle, in 1883-1894 he was also an assistant manager of the Court Singing Chapel. In 1906 he was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music.

In the early 1890s, there was a certain decline in the composer's creative activity: during this period he studied philosophy, wrote articles, and also revised and edited some of his previous works. Then his work acquired exceptional intensity: one after another from the composer's pen appeared the operas "The Night Before Christmas" (1895), "Sadko" (1896), "Mozart and Salieri" (1897), the prologue to the opera "The Pskovite Woman" and " The Tsar's Bride "(based on the drama by Lev Mey, 1898).

During the revolutionary events of 1905-1907, Rimsky-Korsakov actively supported the demands of the striking students and openly condemned the actions of the administration of the St. Petersburg Conservatory: he resigned and returned to the conservatory only after it was granted partial autonomous rights and a change in leadership.

He died on June 8, 1908 from a myocardial infarction in Lyubensk, in his country estate, where the memorial museum complex of the composer is now located, which combines two reconstructed estates - a house in Lyubensk and the neighboring estate of Vechasha, where the composer lived until 1907. He was buried in St. Petersburg at the Novodevichy cemetery. In the 1930s, the burial was transferred to the Necropolis of the Artists of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Pedagogical activity

Rimsky-Korsakov was the founder of the composer school, among his students there are about two hundred composers, conductors, musicologists, including Fyodor Akimenko, Nikolai Amani, Anton Arensky, Nikolai Artsybushev, Meliton Balanchivadze, Semyon Barmotin, Felix Blumenfeld, Julia Weisberg, Alexander Yazeppa Glazunov, Mikhail Gnesin, Alexander Grechaninov, Makar Yekmalyan, Vasily Zolotarev, Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, Andrey Kazbiryuk, Nikolay Lysenko, Anatoly Lyadov, Vitold Malishevsky, Nikolay Malko, Emil Mlynarsky, Nikolai Myaskovsky, Alexander Ossovsky, Ottorino Prokofiev Sokolov, Alexander Spendiarov, Igor Stravinsky, Alexander Taneev, Nikolai Cherepnin, Maximilian Steinberg.

A family

Rimsky-Korsakov was married on June 30, 1872 in the Pargolovskaya church with the pianist Nadezhda Purgold (1848-1919). They had sons Mikhail (1873-1951), Andrey (1878-1940), Vladimir (1882-1970), Svyatoslav (1889-1890), daughters Sophia (1875-1943), Nadezhda (1884-1971), Maria (1888 -1893).

The grave of N. A. and N. N. Rimsky-Korsakov.
The author of the tombstone is N.K. Roerich. Tikhvin cemetery (Alexander Nevsky Lavra)

Wife - Nadezhda Nikolaevna Purgold (1848-1919) - pianist, composer, musicologist.

• Children and grandchildren:
• Mikhail Nikolaevich (1873-1951) - zoologist-entomologist, forester. Was married twice:
  • 1st wife: Elena Georgievna Rocca-Fuchs (1871-1953);
    • children:
    • Natalia Mikhailovna (1900-1901),
    • Georgy Mikhailovich (1901-1965) - musicologist, composer and acoustician,
    • Vera Mikhailovna (1903-1973) - bibliographer,
    • Elena Mikhailovna (1905-1992) - teacher of foreign languages.
  • 2nd wife: Evgenia Petrovna Bartmer (1884-1929);
    • children:
    • Igor Mikhailovich (1911-1927),
    • Olga Mikhailovna (1914-1987) - Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences.
• Sofia Nikolaevna, married Troitskaya (1875-1943) - singer, died of hunger during the blockade.
  • husband Vladimir Petrovich Troitsky (1876-c. 1926),
    • children:
    • Irina Vladimirovna, married Golovkina, (1904-1989) - author of the book “Swan Song. Defeated ";
    • Lyudmila Vladimirovna (? -1942), died in May 1942 in exile in Tyumen.
• Andrey Nikolaevich (1878-1940) - musicologist, editor, Doctor of Philosophy.
  • wife Julia Lazarevna Veisberg (1879-1942), composer, critic and publicist, student of her father. She died during the blockade.
    • Vsevolod Andreevich (1915-1942) - philologist, translator, died during the blockade.
• Vladimir Nikolaevich (1882-1970) - Titular Counselor, Violaist of the Mariinsky Theater.
  • wife Olga Artemyevna Gilyanova (1887-1956).
    • children:
    • Andrey Vladimirovich (1910-2002) - physicist-acoustician, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;
    • Tatyana Vladimirovna (1915-2006) - architect, urban planner, author of two books about her grandfather N.A.Rimsky-Korsakov.
• Nadezhda Nikolaevna (1884-1971),
  • husband Maximilian Oseevich Steinberg (1883-1946), composer, conductor and teacher.
    • daughter:
    • Nadezhda Maksimilianovna Steinberg (1914-1987) - philologist, author of French grammar.
• Maria Nikolaevna (1888-1893), died in childhood;
• Svyatoslav Nikolaevich (1889-1890), died in infancy.

List of works

Opera

• Pskov woman
• May night
• Snow Maiden
• Mlada
• Christmas Eve
• Sadko
• Mozart and Salieri
• Noblewoman Vera Sheloga (prologue to the opera "The Woman of Pskov")
• Tsar's bride
• The Tale of Tsar Saltan
• Servilia
• Koschei the Immortal
• Pan voivode
• The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevronia
• The Golden Cockerel

Symphonic works

• Symphony No. 1
• Fairy tale (symphonic piece)
• Symphony No. 2
• Symphonietta
• Overture on Themes of Three Russian Songs
• Antar
• Symphony No. 3
• Scheherazade (symphonic suite)
• Spanish capriccio
• Bright holiday (overture)
• Sadko
• Snow Maiden (suite)
• Christmas Eve (suite)
• Concerto for piano and orchestra

Vocal compositions

• about 80 romances
• collections: "100 Russian folk songs", "40 folk songs".

Books

• Chronicle of my musical life
• Practical Harmony Tutorial
• Orchestration Basics

Addresses in St. Petersburg

• Summer 1856 - PN Golovin's apartment in the house of OP Zubova (Millionnaya street, 6);
• 1867 - September 1871 - Arens tenement house (7th line of Vasilievsky Island, 4);
• September 1871-1872 - Zaremba's tenement house (Panteleymonovskaya street, now Pestel street, 11, apt. 9);
• 1872 - autumn 1873 - the Morozovs' house (4 Shpalernaya street);
• autumn 1873-1883 - Kononov's tenement house (Furshtatskaya street, 33, apt. 9);
• 1883-1889 (Vladimirsky prospect, 18, apt. 5);
• 1889 - September 19, 1893 - the Capella house (20 Moika River embankment);
• September 19, 1893 - June 21, 1908 - the courtyard wing of M. A. Lavrova's tenement house (Zagorodny prospect, 28, apt. 39).

Memory

Monument to N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov on Theater Square in St. Petersburg. Sculptors V. Ya.Bogolyubov and V.I. Ingal

• Memorial Museum-Reserve N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov in the Pskov region
• St. Petersburg State Conservatory named after N.A.Rimsky-Korsakov
• Conservatory named after Rimsky-Korsakov in the Ecuadorian city of Guayaquil (Spanish. Conservatorio Superior de Música Rimsky-Korsakov)
• In 1952 (November 30), a monument was erected to Rimsky-Korsakov at the Leningrad Conservatory on Teatralnaya Square (sculptors V.I.Ingal, V.Ya.Bogolyubov, architect M.A. heritage of the Russian Federation. Checked out

• In 1971, the Museum-Apartment of N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov was opened in Leningrad. Object of cultural heritage No. 7810522000 // Register of objects of cultural heritage of the Russian Federation. Checked out

• Museum in Tikhvin, in the house where the composer was born. Object of cultural heritage No. 4710152000 // Register of objects of cultural heritage of the Russian Federation. Checked out

• In Nikolaev, near the Children's Music School No. 1, named after Rimsky-Korsakov, his bust was installed in 1978.
• In 1966, the Krasnodar School of Music was named after N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov.
• In 1992, the name of the composer was given to the Children's Art School No. 1 in Moscow, VAO.
• Children's Music School No. 1 named after N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov in Pskov.
• Children's Music School named after N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov in St. Petersburg (formerly the Music School for Adults named after N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov).
• Children's Music School named after N.A.Rimsky-Korsakov in Luga
• Children's Art School named after N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov in Tikhvin.
• Music College named after N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov in St. Petersburg.
• Children's Music School No. 1 named after N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov in Nizhny Tagil
• Music College named after N.A.Rimsky-Korsakov in Mogilev

1844 - June 21, 1908) - Russian composer, member of the "Mighty Handful". He was a true master of orchestration. The most famous symphonic works of Rimsky-Korsakov - "Spanish Capriccio", an overture on themes of three Russian songs and a symphonic suite "Scheherazade" are examples of the classical musical repertoire, along with suites and excerpts from some of his 15 operas. In Scheherazade, the composer turns to the theme of fairy tales and folk beliefs. Rimsky-Korsakov often used these techniques in his work. He believed, like his predecessor Balakirev, in the development of a national style of classical music. Rimsky-Korsakov's music combined Russian folklore with elements of exotic harmonic, melodic and rhythmic patterns (known as Orientalism), with a departure from traditional Western compositional techniques. For most of his life, Nikolai Andreevich combined composing music and teaching with a career in the troops of the Russian army - first as an officer, then as a civilian inspector in the navy. Rimsky-Korsakov (whose biography is well covered in "The Chronicle of My Musical Life") wrote that as a child, reading books and listening to his older brother's stories about exploits in the navy, he developed a love for the sea. She must have pushed the composer to create two famous symphonic works. These are "Sadko" (Rimsky-Korsakov also wrote the opera of the same name, they should not be confused) and "Scheherazade". Thanks to the naval service, his knowledge of performing on brass and wood instruments is expanding - this opened up new possibilities for him in orchestration. Later he passed on this knowledge to his students. Also after his death, a textbook on orchestration was published, which was completed by the composer's adopted son Maximilian Steinbregh.

Rimsky-Korsakov - biography of the composer

Nikolai Andreevich was born in the city of Tikhvin (200 km east of St. Petersburg) into an intelligent family. His brother Warrior, who was 22 years older than the composer, became a famous naval officer and rear admiral. Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov recalled that his mother played the piano a little, and his father could perform several pieces by ear. At the age of 6, the future composer began taking piano lessons. According to the teachers, he showed a good ear for music, but lacked interest. As Nikolai Andreevich himself later wrote, he played "carelessly, carelessly ... poorly maintaining the rhythm." Although Rimsky-Korsakov began composing his first works at the age of 10, he preferred literature to music. Later, the composer wrote that it was thanks to the books and stories of his brother that a great love for the sea arose in him, despite the fact that the composer "had never even seen him." Nikolai Andreevich graduated from the Marine Corps of St. Petersburg at the age of 18. In parallel with his studies, Rimsky-Korsakov took piano lessons. The composer recalled that, being indifferent to his studies, he developed a love for music, which was facilitated by attending operas and symphony concerts. In the fall of 1859, Nikolai Andreevich began to take lessons from Fyodor Andreevich Canille, who, according to him, inspired him to study music, prompted him to devote his whole life to it. In addition to Canille, Mikhail Glinka, Robert Schumann and many others had a huge influence on the future composer. In November 1861, 18-year-old Rimsky-Korsakov was introduced to Balakirev. Balakirev, in turn, introduces him to Caesar Cui and Modest Mussorgsky - all three were already famous composers, despite their young age.

Balakirev's mentoring. "The Mighty Bunch"

Upon arrival in St. Petersburg, in May 1865, Rimsky-Korsakov assumed the duties of a daily service for several hours a day. His first performance took place in December of the same year at the suggestion of Balakirev. The second appearance on the stage took place in March 1866 under the direction of Konstantin Lyadov (father of the composer Anatoly Lyadov). Rimsky-Korsakov recalled that it was easy for him to cooperate with Balakirev. On his advice, the composer rewrote and corrected some passages and brought them to perfection. Under his patronage, the composer completed an Overture on themes of three Russian songs, based on Balakirev's folk overtures. Nikolai Andreevich also created the initial versions of the symphonic works "Sadko" and "Antar", which brought the composer fame as a master of symphonic creativity. Rimsky-Korsakov conducted discussions with other members of the "Mighty Handful", they criticized each other's works and collaborated on the creation of new works. Nikolai Andreevich made friends with Alexander Borodin, whose music "amazed" him, spent a lot of time with Mussorgsky. Balakirev and Mussorgsky played the piano in four hands, sang, discussed the works of other composers, sharing an interest in the works of Glinka, Schumann and Beethoven's later compositions.

Professorship

In 1871, at the age of 27, Rimsky-Korsakov became a professor at the St. Petersburg Conservatory, where he taught practical composition, instrumentation and orchestral classes. Nikolai Andreevich writes in his memoirs that teaching at the conservatory made him "perhaps her best student, judging by the quality and amount of information she gave me." To improve his knowledge and always stay one step ahead of his students, he took a three-year break from composing and studied diligently at home, lecturing at the conservatory. The professorship provided the composer with financial stability and prompted the creation of a family.

Marriage

In December 1871, Rimsky-Korsakov proposed to Nadezhda Nikolaevna Purgold, whom he met during the weekly meetings of the "Mighty Handful" at the bride's house. In July 1872, a wedding took place, at which Mussorgsky was present as best man. One of the sons of Nikolai Andreevich, Andrei, became a musicologist, married the composer Yulia Lazarevna Veisberg and wrote a multivolume work about the life and work of his father.

Revolution of 1905

In 1905, demonstrations were held at the St. Petersburg Conservatory - revolutionary-minded students demanded political changes and the creation of a constitutional order in Russia. Rimsky-Korsakov felt the need to defend the right of students to demonstrate, especially when the authorities began to be brutal towards its participants. In an open letter, the composer takes the side of the students demanding the resignation of the director of the conservatory. Partly because of this letter, 100 students were expelled from the educational institution, and Rimsky-Korsakov lost his position as professor. However, Nikolai Andreevich continued to give lessons at home.

Trip to Paris

In April 1907, the composer gives several concerts in Paris, organized by the impresario Sergei Diaghilev. Nikolai Andreevich presented the music of the Russian national school. These performances were a great success. The following year, there was a show of operas composed by Rimsky-Korsakov: "The Snow Maiden" and "Sadko". The trip gave the composer an opportunity to get acquainted with contemporary European music.

Works by Rimsky-Korsakov

Rimsky-Korsakov developed the ideals and traditions of the Mighty Handful. In his work, he used Orthodox liturgical themes, folk songs (for example, in the "Spanish Capriccio") and orientalism (in "Scheherazade"). Nikolai Andreevich proved to be a very productive and self-critical composer. He revised and edited almost every piece of his, and some of them, for example the Third Symphony, Antar and Sadko, were corrected by Rimsky-Korsakov several times. The composer remained dissatisfied with many of his works.

Rimsky-Korsakov - operas

Despite the fact that Nikolai Andreevich is better known as a master of symphonic creativity, his operas are even more complex and rich in special orchestral techniques than instrumental and vocal works. Excerpts from them are sometimes as popular as the whole work. For example "Flight of the Bumblebee" from "The Tale of Tsar Saltan" - by Rimsky-Korsakov. The composer's operas can be divided into 3 categories:

1. Historical drama. These include: "The Pskovite", "Mozart and Salieri", "Pan Voevoda", "The Tsar's Bride".
2. Folk operas: "May Night", "The Night Before Christmas".
3. Fairy tales and legends. These include works written by Rimsky-Korsakov: "The Snow Maiden", "Mlada", "Sadko", "Koschey the Immortal", "The Tale of Tsar Saltan", "The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevronia", "The Golden Cockerel ".

Symphonic creativity

Rimsky-Korsakov's symphonic works can be divided into 2 types. The most famous in the West, and perhaps the best of it, is software. This type of symphonic creativity of Nikolai Andreevich presupposes the presence of a plot, characters, actions borrowed from other, non-musical sources. The second category is academic works such as the First and Third Symphonies (by Rimsky-Korsakov). Ballets to his music can be seen not only in our country, but also abroad, as well as many operas and other musical works of the composer.

Russian composer, teacher, music figure Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov was born on March 18 (March 6, old style) 1844 in Tikhvin.

The composer's father came from an old noble family. His ancestors held prominent positions in the army and administration of Russia, starting with the great-great-grandfather of the Rear Admiral of the Navy under the Empress Elizabeth Petrovna.

In 1862 he graduated from the St. Petersburg Naval School.

In 1862-1865, Rimsky-Korsakov was on a voyage around the world, during which, in 1864, he was promoted to officer. In 1873 he retired.

In 1873-1884 he was an inspector of the military bands of the fleet.

While studying at the school, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov continued to study music, first with the cellist Ulich, then with the pianist Fyodor Canille.

Acquaintance in 1861 with the composer Miliy Balakirev and his circle "The Mighty Handful", which included composers Caesar Cui, Modest Mussorgsky, and later Alexander Borodin, inclined him to more serious pursuits.

During his voyage around the world, he graduated from Symphony No. 1 in E minor, op. 1, started back in St. Petersburg. In 1865, with great success, the first Russian symphony was performed by Balakirev in a concert of the Free Music School.

In 1871, on the initiative of the head of the St. Petersburg Conservatory, Mikhail Azanchevsky, Rimsky-Korsakov was invited to the position of teacher of instrumentation and practical composition classes.

In 1944, in the city of Tikhvin, Leningrad Region, the House-Museum of N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov. In 1971, the Memorial Museum-Apartment of the composer was opened in Leningrad (St. Petersburg).

The former estates of Vechasha and Lyubensk, where the composer died, became part of the memorial museum-estate of N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov of the Pskov State United Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources