Personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Composition and organizational structure of the armed forces of the Russian Federation

The largest country in the world, Russia, has a powerful structured potential Armed Forces. Control over the fulfillment of the legitimate duty of the RF Armed Forces is carried out by the central bodies of military command, to which four territorial districts with all types and branches of the RF military are subordinate.

The entire structure of the RF Armed Forces is subject to the Commander-in-Chief - the President of the Russian Federation. Having the right to impose martial law on the territory of the Russian Federation, he can also adopt new directives and laws. The implementation of these laws is a sacred duty for the RF Armed Forces.

General Staff and Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

The management of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is controlled by the General Staff of the Ministry of Defense. The RF Armed Forces rely on the General Staff as the main organ of operational control of the entire structure as a whole.

After the reform of the RF Armed Forces in 2008, the work of the General Staff to ensure the country’s security was divided into two areas:

Strategic application and construction of the RF Armed Forces;

Comprehensive planning of the RF Armed Forces.

At the same time, the organization of the RF Armed Forces distributes responsibility between existing units at two levels.

1. Responsibility for combat training lies with the main commands of the types of troops, formations and formations.
2. Responsibility for operational readiness lies with the formations, the General Staff and the joint strategic commands.

After the reform, the General Staff focused its attention on fulfilling new responsibilities. As a result, it became the main governing body of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Distribution of the RF Armed Forces into military districts

The distribution of state territory into military districts is practiced not only in the Russian Federation, but also in many other countries. This was done in order to achieve the most rapid response of the Armed Forces to aggression or other illegal actions against the interests of the Russian Federation on its specific territory.

Thus, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were divided into four military districts.

1. Western Military District (administration from St. Petersburg).
2. Eastern Military District (administration from Khabarovsk).
3. Southern Military District (administration from Rostov-on-Don).
4. Central Military District (administration from Yekaterinburg).

Each military branch comprises branches of the Armed Forces and branches of the Russian Federation.

Types and types of troops of the Russian Federation

The control of the Armed Forces is divided into three types and some branches of the Russian Federation. Types of troops include:

• ground troops;
• air Force;
• Russian Navy.

Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Russian Navy

The Russian Navy maintains surveillance and control over the entire coastal territory of Russia. This branch of the Russian Armed Forces distributed all responsibilities between four defensive fleets. These include the Pacific, Baltic, Black Sea and Northern fleets, as well as the Caspian flotilla.

The Caspian Flotilla alone includes:

Submarine and surface forces;

Coastal troops and naval aviation;

Service and support units;

Air Force

The Russian Air Force gives priority to the protection and security of the country's military and government administration, strategic missile and nuclear facilities, military groups and particularly important areas of the country.

As a result, the Air Force prevents air attacks and enemy intelligence infiltration. The Air Force also significantly increases the mobility of the army. The Air Force's missions include conducting extensive reconnaissance and performing special missions, as well as protecting the state from attack by combat and nuclear fire.

Roda Sun

All branches of the Armed Forces, including Russian branches of the armed forces, are an integral part of the RF Armed Forces, specially formed to conduct military operations in all elements (land, air, water).

The branches of the Armed Forces include three independent units.

1. Strategic Missile Forces.
2. Airborne troops of the Russian Federation.
3. Space Forces.

Strategic Missile Forces

The Strategic Missile Forces are considered an independent branch of the Russian Armed Forces. These troops were created to protect against a possible nuclear attack by the enemy, as well as to attack and completely destroy the military-economic potential of the enemy.

The Strategic Missile Forces consist of armies and missile divisions. Also under the control of the Strategic Missile Forces are military training complexes, institutions, training grounds and enterprises.

The basis of the Strategic Missile Forces' weapons are missile systems of both stationary and mobile types. Combat duty is considered the most active period and the highest combat readiness of the Strategic Missile Forces.

Airborne troops

The Airborne Forces belong to an independent branch of the military. They have high value mobile training. The specificity of the Airborne Forces is active combat operations from the air and conducting operations in its rear.

When it comes to making important tactical decisions or executing operational combat missions, the Airborne Forces have the authority to act independently. This applies to both large and local conflicts.

Although the Airborne Forces cannot be classified as numerous, 95% of this branch of troops consists of units of regular combat readiness.

The Airborne Forces include:

• four divisions;
• 31st airborne brigade;
• Ryazan Institute of Airborne Forces;
• servicing and supporting parts;
• 242 military training centers.

Space Force

The space branches of the Armed Forces are a relatively new and independent branch of the military. KVs are designed to prevent missile attacks on the territory of Russia and allied countries.

If enemy ballistic missiles attack a defended area, KVs immediately react and resist, ensuring safety. The HF also keeps outer space under control. The KV also sets as its task the implementation of the Russian Federal Program for the Study and Development of Near Space.

The space branches of the Russian Federation include:

Testing center;

Units of the missile attack warning system;

Units of space control troops;

Units of the Russian Missile Defense Forces;

Center for Control and Management of Space Facilities named after. Titova;

Government cosmodromes of Russia.

Other types of aircraft

The branches of the Armed Forces and branches of the Russian Federation, which play an important role in the defense of the state, also include those that ensure the protection of state territory in the sphere of the individual, society and state. This type is the border troops of the FSB of the Russian Federation. The continental shelf of the Russian Federation, internal waters and territorial seas fall under the protection of the FSB. Search and reconnaissance from the air is carried out by border aviation.

Border Troops Aviation:

• ensures air mobility of troops;
• evacuation of victims and wounded;
• delivery of military equipment.

Internal troops

No less important is the protection of the rights of the country's citizens, which is ensured by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. These troops protect the interests of society, protect citizens, their rights and freedom. The Ministry of Internal Affairs ensures security from crimes and illegal attacks on the property and person of citizens of the Russian Federation.

The main tasks of the Ministry of Internal Affairs include:

Compliance with martial law;

Neutralization of suspicious formations;

Prevention of conflicts dangerous to the state;

Protection of state facilities of special importance;

Public order protection;

VV personnel gain experience military service in formations and operational troops.

Civil Defense Troops

To strength civil defense refers to the Ministry of Emergency Situations. Since after the adoption of the Geneva Convention it was decided that the troops of the Ministry of Emergency Situations do not participate in hostilities, during the war they regularly provide humanitarian assistance and protect the civilian population.

The Ministry of Emergency Situations is armed with rescue equipment. The activity of the Ministry of Emergency Situations is aimed at combating the consequences of fires, earthquakes and other disasters. In peacetime, the Ministry of Emergency Situations trains citizens to protect themselves. The responsibilities of the Ministry of Emergency Situations include the evacuation of the population in the event of a military conflict. Thus, we received an answer to the question of what types of troops help the population in an emergency.

The basis of any country's defense is its people. The course and outcome of most wars and armed conflicts depended on their patriotism, dedication and dedication.

Of course, in terms of preventing aggression, Russia will give preference to political, diplomatic, economic and other non-military means. However, Russia's national interests require sufficient military power to defend itself. The history of Russia constantly reminds us of this - the history of its wars and armed conflicts. At all times, Russia has fought for its independence, defended its national interests with arms in hand, and defended the peoples of other countries.

And today Russia cannot do without the Armed Forces. They are needed to defend national interests in the international arena, to contain and neutralize military threats and dangers, which, based on the development trends of the modern military-political situation, are more than real.

Composition and organizational structure of the Russian armed forces

Armed Forces of the Russian Federation formed by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 1992. They represent a state military organization that makes up the country's defense.

According to the Law of the Russian Federation “On Defense”, the Armed Forces are intended to repel aggression and defeat the aggressor, as well as to carry out tasks in accordance with the international obligations of the Russian Federation.

Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consist of central military command bodies, associations, formations, units, divisions and organizations that are included in the branches and branches of the Armed Forces, in the rear of the Armed Forces and in troops not included in the branches and branches of the armed forces.

To the central authorities include the Ministry of Defense, the General Staff, as well as a number of departments in charge of certain functions and subordinate to certain deputy ministers of defense or directly to the minister of defense. In addition, the central command bodies include the Main Commands of the Armed Forces.

Type of Armed Forces- this is their component, distinguished by special weapons and designed to perform assigned tasks, as a rule, in any environment (on land, in water, in the air). These are the Ground Forces. Air Force, Navy.

Each branch of the Armed Forces consists of combat arms (forces), special troops and logistics.

Under the branch of troops means a part of the Armed Forces branch, distinguished by its main weapons, technical equipment, organizational structure, nature of training and ability to perform specific combat missions. In addition, there are independent branches of the military. In the Russian Armed Forces these are the Missile Forces strategic purpose, Space Forces and Airborne Forces.

The art of war in Russia, as throughout the world, is divided into three levels:
- Tactics (the art of combat). A squad, platoon, company, battalion, regiment solve tactical problems, i.e., fight.
- Operational art (the art of fighting, fighting). A division, a corps, an army solve operational problems, that is, they wage a battle.
- Strategy (the art of waging war in general). The front solves both operational and strategic tasks, i.e. it leads major battles, as a result of which the strategic situation changes and the outcome of the war can be decided.

Branch- the smallest military formation in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - a branch. The squad is commanded by a junior sergeant or sergeant. Usually there are 9-13 people in a motorized rifle squad. In departments of other branches of the military, the number of personnel in the department ranges from 3 to 15 people. Typically, a squad is part of a platoon, but can exist outside of a platoon.

Platoon- several squads make up a platoon. Usually there are from 2 to 4 squads in a platoon, but more are possible. The platoon is headed by a commander with the rank of officer - Ensign, lieutenant or senior lieutenant. On average, the number of platoon personnel ranges from 9 to 45 people. Usually in all branches of the military the name is the same - platoon. Usually a platoon is part of a company, but can exist independently.

Company- several platoons make up a company. In addition, a company may also include several independent squads not included in any of the platoons. For example, a motorized rifle company has three motorized rifle platoons, a machine gun squad, and an anti-tank squad. Typically a company consists of 2-4 platoons, sometimes more platoons. A company is the smallest formation that has tactical significance, i.e. a formation capable of independently performing small tactical tasks on the battlefield. Company commander captain. On average, the size of a company can be from 18 to 200 people. Motorized rifle companies usually have about 130-150 people, tank companies 30-35 people. Usually a company is part of a battalion, but it is not uncommon for companies to exist as independent formations. In artillery, a formation of this type is called a battery; in cavalry, a squadron.

Battalion consists of several companies (usually 2-4) and several platoons that are not part of any of the companies. The battalion is one of the main tactical formations. A battalion, like a company, platoon, or squad, is named after its branch of service (tank, motorized rifle, engineer, communications). But the battalion already includes formations of other types of weapons. For example, in a motorized rifle battalion, in addition to motorized rifle companies, there is a mortar battery, a logistics platoon, and a communications platoon. Battalion commander Lieutenant Colonel. The battalion already has its own headquarters. Usually, on average, a battalion, depending on the type of troops, can number from 250 to 950 people. However, there are battalions of about 100 people. In artillery, this type of formation is called a division.

Regiment- this is the main tactical formation and a completely autonomous formation in the economic sense. The regiment is commanded by a colonel. Although regiments are named according to the types of troops (tank, motorized rifle, communications, pontoon-bridge, etc.), in fact this is a formation consisting of units of many types of troops, and the name is given according to the predominant type of troops. For example, in a motorized rifle regiment there are two or three motorized rifle battalions, one tank battalion, one artillery division (read battalion), one anti-aircraft missile division, a reconnaissance company, an engineering company, a communications company, an anti-tank battery, a chemical protection platoon , repair company, material support company, orchestra, medical center. The number of personnel in the regiment ranges from 900 to 2000 people.

Brigade- just like a regiment, a brigade is the main tactical formation. Actually, the brigade occupies an intermediate position between a regiment and a division. The structure of a brigade is most often the same as a regiment, but there are significantly more battalions and other units in a brigade. So in a motorized rifle brigade there are one and a half to two times more motorized rifle and tank battalions than in a regiment. A brigade may consist of two regiments, plus battalions and auxiliary companies. On average, the brigade has from 2 to 8 thousand people. The brigade commander, as well as the regiment, is a colonel.

Division- the main operational-tactical formation. Just like a regiment, it is named after the predominant branch of troops in it. However, the predominance of one or another type of troops is much less than in the regiment. A motorized rifle division and a tank division are identical in structure, with the only difference being that in a motorized rifle division there are two or three motorized rifle regiments and one tank, and in a tank division, on the contrary, there are two or three tank regiments and one motorized rifle. In addition to these main regiments, the division has one or two artillery regiments, one anti-aircraft missile regiment, a rocket battalion, a missile battalion, a helicopter squadron, an engineer battalion, a communications battalion, an automobile battalion, a reconnaissance battalion, an electronic warfare battalion, a logistics battalion, and a repair battalion. - a recovery battalion, a medical battalion, a chemical defense company and several different auxiliary companies and platoons. Divisions can be tank, motorized rifle, artillery, airborne, missile and aviation. In other branches of the military, as a rule, the highest formation is a regiment or brigade. On average, there are 12-24 thousand people in a division. Division commander, Major General.

Frame- just as a brigade is an intermediate formation between a regiment and a division, so a corps is an intermediate formation between a division and an army. The corps is a combined arms formation, that is, it usually lacks the characteristic of one type of force, although there may also be tank or artillery corps, that is, corps with a complete predominance of tank or artillery divisions in them. The combined arms corps is usually referred to as the "army corps". There is no single structure of buildings. Each time a corps is formed based on a specific military or military-political situation, and may consist of two or three divisions and a varying number of formations of other branches of the military. Usually a corps is created where it is not practical to create an army. It is impossible to talk about the structure and strength of the corps, because as many corps exist or existed, so many of their structures existed. Corps commander, Lieutenant General.

Army- This is a large military formation for operational purposes. The army includes divisions, regiments, battalions of all types of troops. Armies are usually no longer divided by branch of service, although tank armies may exist where tank divisions predominate. An army may also include one or more corps. It is impossible to talk about the structure and size of the army, because as many armies exist or existed, so many of their structures existed. The soldier at the head of the army is no longer called “commander”, but “commander of the army.” Usually the regular rank of army commander is colonel general. In peacetime, armies are rarely organized as military formations. Usually divisions, regiments, and battalions are directly included in the district.

Front (district)- This is the highest military formation of a strategic type. Larger formations does not exist. The name “front” is used only in wartime for a formation conducting combat operations. For such formations in peacetime, or located in the rear, the name “okrug” (military district) is used. The front includes several armies, corps, divisions, regiments, battalions of all types of troops. The composition and strength of the front may vary. Fronts are never subdivided by types of troops (i.e. there cannot be a tank front, an artillery front, etc.). At the head of the front (district) is the commander of the front (district) with the rank of army general.

Associations- these are military formations that include several smaller formations or associations, as well as units and institutions. Associations include an army, a flotilla, as well as a military district - a territorial combined arms association and a fleet - a naval association.

Military district is a territorial combined arms association of military units, formations, educational institutions, military institutions of various types and branches of the Armed Forces. The military district covers the territory of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Fleet is the highest operational formation of the Navy. District and fleet commanders direct their troops (forces) through the headquarters subordinate to them.

Connections are military formations consisting of several units or formations of a smaller composition, usually various branches of troops (forces), special troops (services), as well as support and service units (units). Formations include corps, divisions, brigades and other military formations equivalent to them. The word “connection” means to connect parts. The division headquarters has the status of a unit. Other units (regiments) are subordinate to this unit (headquarters). All together this is the division. However, in some cases, a brigade may also have the status of a connection. This happens if the brigade includes separate battalions and companies, each of which has the status of a unit in itself. In this case, the brigade headquarters, like the division headquarters, has the status of a unit, and battalions and companies, as independent units, are subordinate to the brigade headquarters.

Part is an organizationally independent combat and administrative-economic unit in all branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The term “unit” most often means regiment and brigade. In addition to the regiment and brigade, the units include division headquarters, corps headquarters, army headquarters, district headquarters, as well as other military organizations (voentorg, army hospital, garrison clinic, district food warehouse, district song and dance ensemble, garrison officers' house, garrison household goods services, central school of junior specialists, military institute, military school, etc.). Units can be ships of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ranks, individual battalions (divisions, squadrons), as well as individual companies that are not part of battalions and regiments. Regiments, individual battalions, divisions and squadrons are awarded the Battle Banner, and Navy ships are awarded the Naval Flag.

Subdivision- all military formations that are part of the unit. Squad, platoon, company, battalion - they are all united by one word “unit”. The word comes from the concept of “division”, “divide” - a part is divided into subdivisions.

To organizations These include such structures supporting the life of the Armed Forces as military medical institutions, officers' houses, military museums, editorial offices of military publications, sanatoriums, rest homes, tourist centers, etc.

Rear of the Armed Forces designed to provide the Armed Forces with all types of material resources and maintenance of their reserves, preparation and operation of communication routes, provision of military transportation, repair of weapons and military equipment, provision of medical care wounded and sick, carrying out sanitary, hygienic and veterinary measures and performing a number of other logistics tasks. The rear of the Armed Forces includes arsenals, bases, and warehouses with supplies of materiel. It has special troops (automobile, railway, road, pipeline, engineering and airfield and others), as well as repair, medical, rear security and other units and units.

Quartering and arrangement of troops- activities of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in the creation and engineering support of military infrastructure facilities, the cantonment of troops, the creation of conditions for the strategic deployment of the Armed Forces and the conduct of combat operations.

To troops not included in the types and branches of the Armed Forces, include Border Troops, Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Civil Defense Troops.

Border troops are intended to protect the state border, territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as to solve problems of protecting the biological resources of the territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation and exercising state control in this area. Organizationally, the Border Troops are part of the Russian FSB.

Their tasks also follow from the purpose of the Border Troops. This is the protection of the state border, territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation; protection of marine biological resources; protection of state borders of member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States on the basis of bilateral treaties (agreements); organization of passage of persons, Vehicle, cargo, goods and animals across the state border of the Russian Federation; intelligence, counterintelligence and operational-search activities in the interests of protecting the state border, territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation and protecting marine biological resources, as well as the state borders of member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia are intended to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state, to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens from criminal and other unlawful attacks.

The main tasks of the Internal Troops are: preventing and suppressing armed conflicts and actions directed against the integrity of the state; disarmament illegal groups; compliance with the state of emergency; strengthening public order policing where necessary; ensuring the normal functioning of all government agencies, legally elected authorities; protection of important government facilities, special cargo, etc.

One of the most important tasks of the internal troops is to, together with the Armed Forces, to a single plan and a plan to participate in the country's territorial defense system.

Civil Defense Troops- these are military formations that own special equipment, weapons and property, designed to protect the population, material and cultural values on the territory of the Russian Federation from dangers arising during the conduct of military operations or as a result of these actions. Organizationally, the Civil Defense Troops are part of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations.

In peacetime, the main tasks of the Civil Defense troops are: participation in events aimed at preventing emergency situations (emergency situations); training the population in ways to protect themselves from dangers arising during emergencies and as a result of military operations; carrying out work to localize and eliminate threats from emergencies that have already arisen; evacuation of the population, material and cultural assets from dangerous areas to safe areas; delivery and ensuring the safety of goods transported to the emergency zone as humanitarian aid, including to foreign countries; providing medical assistance to the affected population, providing them with food, water and basic necessities; fighting fires arising as a result of emergencies.

In wartime, Civil Defense troops solve problems related to the implementation of measures for the protection and survival of the civilian population: construction of shelters; carrying out activities on light and other types of camouflage; ensuring the entry of civil defense forces into hot spots, areas of contamination and contamination, and catastrophic flooding; fighting fires arising during military operations or as a result of these actions; detection and designation of areas subjected to radiation, chemical, biological and other contamination; maintaining order in areas affected by military operations or as a result of these actions; participation in the urgent restoration of the functioning of necessary communal facilities and other elements of the population support system, rear infrastructure - airfields, roads, crossings, etc.

http://www.grandars.ru/shkola/bezopasnost-zhiznedeyatelnosti/vooruzhennye-sily.html

Military-administrative division of the Russian Federation

The main military-administrative unit of the Russian Federation is the military district of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

From December 1, 2010 in Russia according to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 21, 2010 “On the military-administrative division of the Russian Federation”

Four military districts were formed:
Central Military District;
Southern Military District;
Western Military District;
Eastern Military District.

Western Military District

Western Military District (ZVO) formed in September 2010 in accordance with the decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 20, 2010 on the basis of two military districts - Moscow and Leningrad. The Western Military District also included the Northern and Baltic fleets and the 1st Air Force and Air Defense Command.

The history of the Leningrad Military District (LenVO) began on March 20, 1918, when the Petrograd Military District was formed. In 1924, it was renamed Leningradsky. In 1922, the district's troops took part in the defeat of the White Finnish detachments that invaded Karelia, and in 1939–1940. - in the Soviet-Finnish war. Moreover, at the first stage (before the creation of the North-Western Front), the leadership of combat operations in the war was carried out by the headquarters of the Leningrad Military District.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War The Leningrad Military District administration was transformed into the field administration of the Northern Front, which on August 23, 1941 was divided into the Karelian and Leningrad fronts. The field directorates of the Northern and then Leningrad fronts simultaneously continued to perform the functions of the military district directorate. Front troops led bloody battles with German troops, defended Leningrad and participated in lifting its blockade.

After the end of the Great Patriotic War, the Leningrad Military District was re-formed. The field administration of the Leningrad Front participated in the formation of its administration. The troops were quickly transferred to peacetime status, after which they began systematic combat training. In 1968 for huge contribution in the cause of strengthening the power of the state and its armed defense, for success in combat training and in connection with the 50th anniversary of the Armed Forces of the USSR, the Leningrad Military District was awarded the Order of Lenin. Since May 1992, the troops of the Leningrad Military District became part of the newly created Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (RF Armed Forces).

The Moscow Military District (MMD) was formed on May 4, 1918. During the Civil War and military intervention in Russia (1917–1922), it trained personnel for all fronts and supplied the Red Army with various types of weapons and materiel. A large number of military academies, colleges, courses and schools operated on the territory of the Moscow Military District, which only in 1918–1919. about 11 thousand commanders were trained and sent to the fronts.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, a field administration of the Southern Front was formed on the basis of the Moscow Military District, headed by the commander of the district troops, Army General I.V. Tyulenev. By order of the Supreme Command Headquarters of July 18, 1941, the headquarters of the Moscow Military District simultaneously became the headquarters of the front of the created Mozhaisk defense line. Along with this, the Moscow Military District conducted big job on the formation and preparation of reserve formations and units for active fronts. Also, 16 divisions were formed in Moscow people's militia, which included 160 thousand volunteers. After the defeat of the German troops near Moscow, the Moscow Military District continued to form and replenish formations and military units of all branches of the armed forces, supplying the active army with weapons, military equipment and other material resources.

In total, during the years of the Great Patriotic War, 3 front-line, 23 army and 11 corps departments, 128 divisions, 197 brigades were formed in the Moscow Military District, and 4,190 marching units with a total number of about 4.5 million people were sent to the active forces.

In the post-war years, elite military formations were stationed on the territory of the Moscow Military District, most of which bore honorary titles of guards. The district retained its importance as the most important source of mobilization resources and was a major training base for military command personnel. In 1968, for its great contribution to strengthening the defense power of the state and success in combat training, the district was awarded the Order of Lenin. After the collapse of the USSR, the MVO became part of the newly formed Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Currently, troops and forces of the Western Military District are deployed within the administrative boundaries of three federal districts(Northwestern, Central and part of the Volga region) on the territory of 29 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The district headquarters is located in St. Petersburg, in the historical complex of the General Staff on Palace Square. Western Military District - the very first district formed in new system military-administrative division of the Russian Federation.

The Western Military District troops include over 2.5 thousand formations and military units with a total number of more than 400 thousand military personnel, which is about 40% of the total number of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. All military formations of the branches and branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Armed Forces stationed in the district are subordinate to the commander of the Western Military District, with the exception of the Strategic Missile Forces and the Aerospace Defense Forces. In addition, military formations of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Border Troops of the FSB, as well as units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other ministries and departments of the Russian Federation performing tasks in the district are under its operational subordination.

Southern Military District

Southern Military District (SMD) formed on October 4, 2010 in accordance with the decree of the President of the Russian Federation (RF) of September 20, 2010 “On the military-administrative division of the Russian Federation” on the basis of the North Caucasus Military District (NCMD). It also included the Black Sea Fleet, the Caspian Flotilla and the 4th Air Force and Air Defense Command.

The North Caucasus Military District was established by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars on May 4, 1918 in the territories of the Stavropol, Black Sea, and Dagestan provinces, the regions of the Don, Kuban and Terek troops. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council (RMC) of the Southern Front of October 3, 1918, the Red Army North Caucasus was renamed the 11th Army. In November 1919, on the basis of the cavalry corps, the 1st Cavalry Army was created under the command of S.M. Budyonny.

After the Civil War, in accordance with the order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic of May 4, 1921, the Caucasian Front was disbanded and the administration of the North Caucasus Military District was recreated with headquarters in Rostov-on-Don. During the years military reform(1924–1928) a network of military educational institutions for training military personnel was created in the district. The troops received new types of weapons and equipment, which the personnel worked on mastering. In the pre-war years, the North Caucasus Military District was one of the most advanced military districts.

From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, soldiers of the 19th Army, formed in May-June 1941 from soldiers of the North Caucasian Military District, fought courageously and steadfastly against the Nazis. At the end of June - beginning of July, the 50th Kuban and 53rd Stavropol cavalry divisions were formed in a matter of days. In the second half of July, these formations became part of the Western Front. North Caucasus Military District became a forge of military personnel.

Since October 1941, the North Caucasian Military District administration was stationed in Armavir, and from July 1942 - in Ordzhonikidze (now Vladikavkaz) and prepared marching reinforcements for the active fronts. At the beginning of August of the same year, the North Caucasus Military District administration, together with the newly formed formations and units, was redeployed to the territory of Georgia in Dusheti and subordinated to the commander of the troops of the Transcaucasian Front. On August 20, 1942, the North Caucasian Military District was abolished, and its department was transformed into the department for the formation and staffing of the Transcaucasian Front.

The main events of the second half of 1942 and the first half of 1943 on the Soviet-German front unfolded within the territory of the North Caucasus Military District. Two great battles took place here: Stalingrad (July 17, 1942 - February 2, 1943) and for the Caucasus (July 25, 1942 - October 9, 1943).

After the end of the Great Patriotic War, when the army was transferred to a peaceful position by order People's Commissar Defense on July 9, 1945, 3 military districts were created in the North Caucasus: Don, Stavropol and Kuban. The headquarters of the Don Military District, which in 1946 received its former name - North Caucasus, was located in Rostov-on-Don. Work has begun to reorganize and equip formations and military units and restore the destroyed infrastructure of the district. In 1968, for his great contribution to strengthening the defense power of the state and success in combat training, the North Caucasus Military District was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

North Caucasian Military District troops played a decisive role in the defeat of illegal armed groups during the counter-terrorist operation in the North Caucasus. For their courage and heroism, 43 servicemen from the North Caucasus Military District became Heroes of the Russian Federation. In recognition of the merits of the military personnel of the district, by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation dated August 17, 2001 No. 367, heraldic symbols were established for the North Caucasus Military District: the standard of the commander of the North Caucasus Military District, the emblem of the North Caucasus Military District and the insignia of military personnel “For Service in the Caucasus.”

In August 2008, North Caucasus Military District troops took direct part in a 5-day operation to force Georgia to peace, quickly defeated the aggressor and saved the people of South Ossetia from genocide. For the courage and heroism shown during this operation, the title Hero of the Russian Federation was awarded to: Major Vetchinov Denis Vasilievich (posthumously), Lieutenant Colonel Timerman Konstantin Anatolyevich, Captain Yakovlev Yuri Pavlovich, Sergeant Mylnikov Sergei Andreevich. The commander of the North Caucasian Military District, Colonel General Sergei Makarov, was awarded the Order of St. George, 4th degree, and many of his subordinates for courage, bravery and dedication shown in the performance of military duty were awarded the Order of Courage, insignia - St. George's Crosses of the 4th degree and medals "For courage."

On February 1, 2009, Russian military bases were formed in the territories of the Republic of South Ossetia and the Republic of Abkhazia, which became part of the district.

Currently, troops and forces of the Southern Military District are deployed within the administrative boundaries of two federal districts (Southern and North Caucasian) on the territory of 12 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In addition, in accordance with international treaties, 4 military bases in the district are located outside the Russian Federation: in South Ossetia, Abkhazia, Armenia and Ukraine (Sevastopol). The district headquarters is located in Rostov-on-Don.

All military formations of the branches and branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, with the exception of the Strategic Missile Forces and the Aerospace Defense Forces, are subordinate to the commander of the Southern Military District troops. Its operational subordination also includes military formations of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Border Troops of the FSB, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other ministries and departments of the Russian Federation, performing tasks in the territory of the district. the main task troops and forces of the Southern Military District - ensuring the military security of the southern borders of Russia.

Central Military District

Central Military District (CMD) formed on December 1, 2010 in accordance with the decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 20, 2010 “On the military-administrative division of the Russian Federation” on the basis of the Volga-Ural and part of the troops of the Siberian Military District. It also included the 2nd Air Force and Air Defense Command.

The history of the Russian army in the Volga region and the Urals goes back centuries, to the time of the annexation of the Kazan Khanate to Russia in 1552. In the 18th century, in the border fortresses of the Orenburg region and major cities The first regiments and battalions of the regular Russian army appeared in the Volga region, Urals and Western Siberia.

However, the creation in Russia of the military district system as an integral part of military administration dates back to a later time - to the second half of the 19th century. During the military reform of 1855–1881. The territory of Russia was divided into 15 military districts, in which artillery, engineering, quartermaster and military medical departments were created.

During the Civil War and military intervention (1918–1922), the Supreme Military Council of the Russian Republic decided on March 31, 1918 to change the military-administrative division of the country. In May 1918, 6 military districts were created, including the Volga and Ural Military Districts (PriVO, UrVO). The Siberian Military District (SibVO) was formed on December 3, 1919 (in accordance with the order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation dated November 26, 1993, it was restored historical date his education - August 6, 1865).

After the end of the Civil War, PriVO troops took part in the elimination of banditry in the Astrakhan, Samara, Saratov, Tsaritsyn provinces and other regions of the country, and also fought against Basmachi formations in Central Asia.

The formation of the PriVO, Urals and Siberian Military Districts in the pre-war years took place under the conditions of technical re-equipment and organizational restructuring of the Red Army. The main efforts were concentrated on organizing the development of new weapons and equipment, training specialists, and improving the efficiency and quality of combat training. At the same time, the experience of military operations near the lake was taken into account. Khasan, on the river Khalkhin Gol and the Soviet-Finnish War of 1939–1940. A little later - in 1940–1941. A lot of work was done to deploy, train and send military units to the border military districts.

The Great Patriotic War (1941–1945) occupies a special place in the history of the Volga, Ural and Siberian military districts. In those years, more than 200 military educational institutions were stationed in the district territories, training more than 30% of the total number of command personnel of the active army. Here, more than 3 thousand associations, formations and military units were formed, trained and sent to the front, which took part in combat operations on almost all fronts and in all battles of the Great Patriotic War and the Second World War: in the defense of Moscow, Leningrad, Stalingrad, battles near Kursk, in the liberation of Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic states, deliverance from fascism of the peoples of Eastern Europe, the capture of Berlin, as well as in the defeat of the Kwantung Army of militaristic Japan.

After the end of the Great Patriotic War, military districts carried out a large volume of measures to receive troops returning from the front, carry out demobilization and transfer formations, units and institutions to peacetime states. The troops carried out planned combat training, and the training and material base was improved. Much attention was paid to the study and generalization of war experience, its implementation in the practice of combat training. In 1974, for their great contribution to strengthening the defense power of the states of the PriVO, Ural and Siberian Military Districts, they were awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

On September 1, 1989, the PriVO and UrVO were united into the Volga-Ural Military District (PUURVO) with headquarters in Samara. In Yekaterinburg, on the basis of the former headquarters of the Urals Military District, a combined arms army headquarters was created. In December 1992, the PUrVO was again divided into PriVO and UrVO, but in 2001 they were reunified.

Currently, the Central Military District troops are deployed within the administrative boundaries of three federal districts (Volga, Ural and Siberian) on the territory of 29 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It also includes the 201st military base located in the Republic of Tajikistan. The headquarters of the Central Military District is located in Yekaterinburg.

All military formations of the branches and branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Armed Forces stationed in the district are subordinate to the commander of the Central Military District, with the exception of the Strategic Missile Forces and the Aerospace Defense Forces. Also under the operational subordination of the commander of the Central Military District are the military formations of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Border Troops of the FSB, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other ministries and departments of the Russian Federation, performing tasks in the district.

Eastern Military District

Eastern Military District formed on December 1, 2010 in accordance with the decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 20, 2010 “On the military-administrative division of the Russian Federation” on the basis of the Far Eastern Military District (FMD) and part of the troops of the Siberian Military District (Siberian Military District). It also included the Pacific Fleet and the 3rd Air Force and Air Defense Command.

Before mid-19th century, the Far East and Transbaikalia were part of the East Siberian General Government. In 1884, the Amur Governorate General was created (with its center in Khabarovsk), within whose borders until 1918 the Amur Military District (MD) was located.

On February 16, 1918, the regional commissariat of the Red Army was created in the city of Khabarovsk - the first central governing body of the armed forces of the Far East. After the start of open military intervention against Russia in the Far East and Far North in accordance with the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars (SNK) of May 4, 1918, within the borders of the Amur, Primorsky, Kamchatka regions and about. Sakhalin, the East Siberian Military District was established (with headquarters in Khabarovsk).

From September 1918 to March 1920, the armed struggle against the American-Japanese interventionists was carried out mainly in the form guerrilla warfare. In February 1920, by decision of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, a buffer state was created - the Far Eastern Republic (FER) and its People's Revolutionary Army (PRA) was organized on the model of the Red Army.

On November 14, 1922, after the liberation of Khabarovsk and Vladivostok, the Far Eastern Republic was dissolved and the Far Eastern Region was formed. In this regard, the NRA was renamed the 5th Red Banner Army (with headquarters in Chita), and then (in June 1924) abolished. All troops and military institutions located in the Far East, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic, became part of the Siberian Military District.

In January 1926, instead of the Far Eastern Region, the Far Eastern Territory was formed. In July–August 1929, Chinese troops attacked the Chinese Eastern Railway, armed provocations began on the state border, and attacks on Soviet border outposts began. On August 6, 1929, to ensure the defense of the Primorsky, Khabarovsk territories and Transbaikalia, the Special Far Eastern Army (SDVA) was created by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. For the successful completion of combat missions, valor and courage shown by soldiers and commanders in defending the Soviet Far Eastern borders, ODVA was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in January 1930 and became known as the Special Red Banner Far Eastern Army (OKDVA).

In 1931, the Primorsky Group was created from the troops located in Primorye. In the spring of 1932, the Transbaikal group was organized. In mid-May 1935, the Trans-Baikal Military District (ZabVO) was formed on the basis of the control of the Trans-Baikal Group of Forces OKDVA. On February 22, 1937, the Far East Air Force was organized.

In connection with the increasing threat of an attack from Japan, OKDVA was transformed into the Far Eastern Front (FEF) on July 1, 1938. In July–August 1938, a military conflict occurred near Lake Khasan. Formations and units of the 39th Rifle Corps took part in the hostilities.

After the events at the lake. Hassan control of the Far Eastern Fleet in August 1938 was disbanded and the 1st Separate Red Banner Army (OKA) (with headquarters in Ussuriysk) and the 2nd Separate Red Banner Army (with headquarters in Khabarovsk), as well as the Northern Army Group, were created directly subordinate to the NPO of the USSR . The 57th Special Rifle Corps was stationed on the territory of the Mongolian People's Republic (MPR).

In May–August 1939, troops of the Far East took part in battles near the Khalkhin Gol River. In June 1940, the field administration of the Far Eastern Fleet was created. At the end of June 1941, the front troops were put on high alert and began creating a deep, multi-echelon defense in the border zone. By October 1, 1941, in the main directions accessible to the enemy, the construction of field defenses was completed to the entire operational depth.

In 1941–1942, during the period of the greatest threat of attack from Japan, formations and units of the first echelon of the front occupied their defense areas. 50% of the personnel were on duty at night.

On April 5, 1945, the Soviet government denounced the neutrality pact with Japan. On July 28, 1945, the ultimatum of the United States, England and China to surrender was rejected by the Japanese government. By this time, the deployment of three fronts in the Far East had been completed: the 1st and 2nd Far Eastern and Transbaikal. The forces of the Pacific Fleet, the Red Banner Amur Flotilla, Border Troops and Air Defense Forces were involved in the operation.

On August 8, 1945, a statement by the Soviet government was published declaring a state of war with Japan from August 9. On the night of August 9, Soviet troops went on the offensive. At 17:00 on August 17, the command of the Japanese Kwantung Army gave its troops the order to surrender. On the morning of August 19, the mass surrender of Japanese military personnel began.

In September–October 1945, 3 military districts were formed on the territory of the Far East: on the basis of the Transbaikal Front - the Transbaikal-Amur Military District, on the basis of the 1st Far Eastern Fleet - the Primorsky Military District (PrimVO), on the basis of the 2nd Far Eastern Military District - the Far Eastern Military District military district (DVD).

In May 1947, on the basis of the administration of the Trans-Baikal-Amur Military District, the Directorate of the Main Command of the Far East Forces was formed with the subordination of the Far Eastern Military District, PrimVO, ZabVO (transformed from the Trans-Baikal-Amur Military District), the Pacific Fleet and the Amur Military Flotilla.

On April 23, 1953, the Far Eastern Military District was reorganized, a new district administration was formed on the basis of the administration of the commander-in-chief Soviet troops in the Far East (with headquarters in Khabarovsk).

On June 17, 1967, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR adopted a resolution on the transfer of the Far Eastern Military District through the succession of the Order of the Red Banner to the former OKDVA. On August 10, 1967 in Khabarovsk the order was attached to the Battle Banner of the district.

Currently, the troops and forces of the Eastern Military District (EMD) are deployed within the administrative boundaries of two federal districts (the Far Eastern and part of the Siberian) and the territories of 12 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The district headquarters is located in Khabarovsk.

All military formations of the branches and branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Armed Forces, with the exception of the Strategic Missile Forces and the Aerospace Defense Forces, are subordinate to the commander of the Eastern Military District troops. Its operational subordination also includes military formations of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Border Troops of the FSB, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other ministries and departments of the Russian Federation, performing tasks in the territory of the district. The main task of the troops and forces of the Eastern Military District is to ensure the military security of the Far Eastern borders of Russia.

Tasks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Changed foreign policy situation recent years, new priorities in the field of national security have set completely different tasks for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (RF Armed Forces), which can be structured in four main areas:

Containment of military and military-political threats to security or attacks on the interests of the Russian Federation;

Protection of economic and political interests of the Russian Federation;

Carrying out power operations in peacetime;

Use of military force.

The peculiarities of the development of the military-political situation in the world determine the possibility of one task developing into another, since the most problematic military-political situations are complex and multifaceted in nature.

Containment of military and military-political threats to the security of the Russian Federation (attacks on the interests of the Russian Federation) means the following actions of the RF Armed Forces:

Timely identification of threatening developments in the military-political situation or preparations for an armed attack on the Russian Federation and (or) its allies;

Maintaining the state of combat and mobilization readiness of the country, strategic nuclear forces, forces and means ensuring their operation and use, as well as control systems in order, if necessary, to inflict specified damage on the aggressor;

Maintenance combat potential and mobilization readiness of groups of general purpose troops (forces) at a level that ensures repelling aggression on a local scale;

Maintaining readiness for strategic deployment as the country transitions to wartime conditions;

Organization of territorial defense.

Ensuring the economic and political interests of the Russian Federation includes the following components:

Maintaining safe living conditions for Russian citizens in zones of armed conflicts and political or other instability;

Creating conditions for safety economic activity Russia or economic structures representing it;

Protection of national interests in territorial waters, on the continental shelf and in the exclusive economic zone of Russia, as well as in the World Ocean;

Conducting, by decision of the President of the Russian Federation, operations using the forces and means of the Armed Forces in regions that are the sphere of vital economic and political interests of the Russian Federation;

Organization and conduct of information warfare.

Force operations of the RF Armed Forces in peacetime are possible in the following cases:

Fulfillment by Russia of allied obligations in accordance with international treaties or other interstate agreements;

The fight against international terrorism, political extremism and separatism, as well as the prevention of sabotage and terrorist acts;

Partial or full strategic deployment, readiness and employment of nuclear deterrence;

Conducting peacekeeping operations as part of coalitions created within the framework of international organizations, where Russia is or has joined on a temporary basis;

Ensuring a state of martial law (emergency) in one or more constituent entities of the Russian Federation in accordance with decisions higher authorities state power;

Protection of the state border of the Russian Federation in the airspace and underwater environment;

Enforcing the regime of international sanctions imposed on the basis of a decision of the UN Security Council;

Prevention of environmental disasters and other emergency situations, as well as liquidation of their consequences.

Military force is used directly to ensure the security of the country in the following cases:

Armed conflict;

Local war;

Regional War;

Large scale war.

Armed conflict– one of the forms of resolving political, national-ethnic, religious, territorial and other contradictions using means of armed struggle. Moreover, the conduct of such hostilities does not imply the transition of relations between the state (states) into a special state called war. In an armed conflict, the parties, as a rule, pursue private military-political goals. An armed conflict may result from an escalation of an armed incident, a border conflict, or other limited-scale clashes in which weapons are used to resolve differences. An armed conflict can be international in nature (involving two or more states) or internal in nature (involving armed confrontation within the territory of one state).

Local war is a war between two or more states, limited by political goals. Military actions are carried out, as a rule, within the borders of opposing states, and primarily affect the interests of only these states (territorial, economic, political and others). A local war can be waged by groups of troops (forces) deployed in the conflict area, with their possible strengthening through the transfer of additional forces and assets from other directions and the partial strategic deployment of armed forces. Under certain conditions, local wars can develop into a regional or large-scale war.

Regional war– is a war involving two or more states (groups of states) in the region. It is carried out by national or coalition armed forces using both conventional and nuclear weapons. During hostilities, the parties pursue important military-political goals. Regional wars take place on the territory limited by the boundaries of one region, as well as in the adjacent waters, airspace and space. To wage a regional war requires the full deployment of the armed forces and the economy, and high tension of all the forces of the participating states. If nuclear-weapon states or their allies participate in this war, there may be a threat of the use of nuclear weapons.

Large scale war is a war between coalitions of states or the largest states of the world community. It may result from the expansion of an armed conflict, local or regional war by involving a significant number of states. In a large-scale war, the parties will pursue radical military-political goals. It will require the mobilization of all available material resources and spiritual forces of the participating states.

Modern Russian military planning for the Armed Forces is based on a realistic understanding of Russia's available resources and capabilities.

In peacetime and in emergency situations, the RF Armed Forces, together with other troops, must be ready to repel an attack and defeat the aggressor, to conduct both defensive and offensive active actions in any variant of the outbreak and conduct of wars (armed conflicts). The RF Armed Forces must be able to successfully solve problems simultaneously in two armed conflicts without additional mobilization measures. In addition, the RF Armed Forces must carry out peacekeeping operations - independently and as part of multinational contingents.

In the event of an aggravation of the military-political and military-strategic situation, the Russian Armed Forces must ensure the strategic deployment of troops and contain the aggravation of the situation through strategic deterrence forces and constant readiness forces.

Missions of the Armed Forces in wartime– to repel the enemy’s aerospace attack with available forces, and after a full-scale strategic deployment, solve problems simultaneously in two local wars.

Type of Armed Forces - this is part of the Armed Forces of the state, intended to conduct military operations in a certain area (on land, at sea, in air and outer space).

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consist of three types of armed forces: the Ground Forces, the Air Force and the Navy. Each type, in turn, consists of military branches, special troops and rear services.

Ground troops include military command and control bodies, motorized rifle, tank troops, missile troops and artillery, air defense troops, as well as special troops (formations and units of reconnaissance, communications, electronic warfare, engineering, radiation, chemical and biological protection, nuclear technical, technical support, automobile and rear security), military units and logistics institutions, other units, institutions, enterprises and organizations.

Motorized rifle troops designed to conduct combat operations independently and jointly with other branches of the military and special forces. They can operate successfully in conditions where weapons are used mass destruction and conventional means.

Motorized rifle troops are capable of breaking through prepared enemy defenses, developing an offensive at a high tempo and to great depth, gaining a foothold on captured lines and holding them firmly.

Tank forces are the main impact force Ground forces. They are highly resistant to the damaging effects of nuclear weapons and are used, as a rule, in the main directions of defense and offense. Tank forces are able to make full use of the results of fire and nuclear strikes and achieve the final goals of a battle and operation in a short time.

Rocket Forces and Artillery are the main means of nuclear and fire destruction of the enemy in front-line, army, corps operations and combined arms combat. They include formations and units of operational-tactical missiles of front-line and army subordination and tactical missiles of army and divisional subordination, as well as formations and military units of howitzer, cannon, rocket, anti-tank artillery, mortars, anti-tank guided missiles and artillery reconnaissance.

Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces designed to cover troop groups and their rear from enemy air strikes. They are capable, independently and in cooperation with aviation, of destroying enemy aircraft and unmanned aerial attack vehicles, combating airborne assault forces along their flight routes and during their drop, conducting radar reconnaissance and alerting troops about the threat of an air attack.

Corps of Engineers intended for engineering reconnaissance of terrain and objects, fortification equipment of troop deployment areas, construction of barriers and destruction, making passages in engineering barriers, demining of terrain and objects, preparation and maintenance of traffic and maneuver routes, equipment and maintenance of crossings for overcoming water obstacles, equipment of points water supply.

The engineering troops include the following formations, military units and subunits: engineer-sapper, engineer barriers, engineering-positional, pontoon-bridge, ferry-landing, road-bridge-building, field water supply, engineering-camouflage, engineering-technical, engineering-repair .

Russian Air Force consist of four branches of aviation (long-range aviation, military transport aviation, front-line aviation, army aviation) and two branches of anti-aircraft troops (anti-aircraft missile forces and radio engineering troops).

Long-range aviation is the main striking force of the Russian Air Force. It is capable of effectively hitting important enemy targets: carrier ships of sea-based cruise missiles, energy systems and centers of higher military and government control, nodes of railway, road and sea communications.

Military transport aviation- the main means of landing troops and military equipment during operations in continental and ocean theaters of war. It is the most mobile means of delivering people, materiel, military equipment, and food to specified areas.

Front-line bomber and attack aircraft designed for air support of the Ground Forces in all types of combat operations (defense, offensive, counter-offensive).

Frontline reconnaissance aircraft conducts aerial reconnaissance in the interests of all branches of the Armed Forces and branches of the armed forces.

Frontline fighter aviation carries out tasks to destroy enemy air attack weapons while covering troop groups, economic regions, administrative and political centers and other objects.

Army aviation designed for fire support of combat operations of the Ground Forces. During the battle, army aviation strikes at enemy troops, destroys his airborne assault forces, raiding, advanced and outflanking detachments; provides landing and air support for its landing forces, fights enemy helicopters, destroys its nuclear missiles, tanks and other armored vehicles. In addition, it performs combat support tasks (conducts reconnaissance and electronic warfare, lays minefields, adjusts artillery fire, provides control and conduct of search and rescue operations) and logistics support (carries out the transfer of materiel and various cargoes, evacuates the wounded from the battlefield ).

Anti-aircraft missile forces designed to cover troops and objects from enemy air strikes.

Radio technical troops carry out tasks of detecting enemy air attack weapons in the air, identifying, tracking, notifying the command, troops and civil defense authorities about them, as well as monitoring the flights of their aircraft.

Russian Navy consists of four branches of forces: submarine forces, surface forces, naval aviation, coastal troops, support and service units.

Submarine forces designed to destroy enemy ground targets, search for and destroy enemy submarines, and strike groups of surface ships, both independently and in cooperation with other naval forces.

Surface forces designed to search and destroy submarines, combat enemy surface ships, land amphibious assault forces, detect and neutralize sea mines and perform a number of other tasks.

Naval aviation designed to destroy enemy naval groups, convoys and landing forces at sea and at bases, to search for and destroy enemy submarines, to cover their ships, and to conduct reconnaissance in the interests of the fleet.

Coastal troops designed for operations in amphibious assaults, defense of the coast and important objects on the shore, protection of coastal communications from enemy attacks.

Support and maintenance units and units provide the basing and combat activities of the fleet's submarine and surface forces.

The RF Armed Forces consist of central military command and control bodies, associations, formations, units, divisions and organizations that are included in the types and branches of the military, in the rear of the RF Armed Forces and in troops not included in the types and branches of the military.

TO central authorities include the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Defense of Russia), the General Staff of the RF Armed Forces, as well as a number of departments in charge of certain functions and subordinate to certain deputy ministers of defense or directly to the minister of defense. In addition, the central command bodies include the Main Commands of the branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Type of the RF Armed Forces- this is their component, distinguished by special weapons and designed to perform assigned tasks, as a rule, in any environment (on land, in water, in the air). These are the Ground Forces, the Air Force, and the Navy.

Each branch of the RF Armed Forces consists of combat arms (forces), special troops and logistics.

Under branch of the army refers to a part of the branch of the RF Armed Forces, distinguished by its main weapons, technical equipment, organizational structure, nature of training and ability to perform specific combat missions. In addition, there are independent branches of the military. In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation these are the Strategic Missile Forces, the Aerospace Defense Forces and the Airborne Forces.

Associations- these are military formations, including several formations or associations of a smaller scale, and TE.KZh6 units and institutions. Associations include the army, flotilla, as well as the military district - a territorial combined arms association and the fleet - a naval association.

Military district is a territorial combined arms association of military units, formations, educational institutions, military institutions of various types and branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The military district covers the territory of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Fleet- highest operational formation Navy. District and fleet commanders direct their troops (forces) through the headquarters subordinate to them.

Formations are military formations consisting of several units or formations of a smaller composition, usually various branches of troops (forces), special troops (services), as well as support and service units (units). Formations include corps, divisions, brigades and other military formations equivalent to them. The word “compound” means a connection of units: the division headquarters has the status of a unit to which other units (regiments) are subordinate. All together this is the division. However, in some cases, a brigade may also have the status of a connection. This happens if it includes separate battalions and companies, each of which in itself has the status of a unit. In this case, the brigade headquarters, like the division headquarters, has the status of a unit, and battalions and companies, as independent units, are subordinate to the brigade headquarters.

Part is an organizationally independent combat and administrative-economic unit in all branches of the RF Armed Forces. The term “unit” most often means regiment and brigade. In addition to these, the units include the division headquarters, corps headquarters, army headquarters, district headquarters, as well as other military organizations (military trade, army hospital, garrison clinic, district food warehouse, district song and dance ensemble, garrison officers' house, garrison consumer services plant, Central School of Junior Specialists, etc.). Units can be ships of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ranks, individual battalions (divisions, squadrons), as well as individual companies that are not part of battalions and regiments. Regiments, individual battalions, divisions and squadrons are awarded the Battle Banner, and Navy ships are awarded the Naval Flag.

Subdivision- all military formations that are part of the unit. Squad, platoon, company, battalion - they are all united by one word “unit”. The word comes from the concept of “dividing, dividing”, i.e. part is divided into divisions.

TO organizations These include such structures supporting the vital functions of the RF Armed Forces as military medical institutions, officers' houses, military museums, editorial offices of military publications, sanatoriums, rest homes, tourist centers, etc.

Rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation designed to provide all types of material resources and maintain their reserves, prepare and operate communication routes, provide military transportation, repair weapons and military equipment, provide medical care to the wounded and sick, carry out sanitary, hygienic and veterinary measures and perform a number of other logistics support tasks. The rear of the RF Armed Forces includes arsenals, bases, and warehouses with supplies of materiel. It has special troops (automobile, railway, road, pipeline, engineering and airfield, etc.), as well as repair, medical, rear security and other units and subunits.

Quartering and arrangement of troops— the activities of the Russian Ministry of Defense in the creation and engineering support of military infrastructure facilities, the quartering of troops, the creation of conditions for the strategic deployment of the Russian Armed Forces and the conduct of combat operations.

Troops that are not included in the branches and branches of the Russian Armed Forces include the Border Troops, Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (MVD of Russia), and Civil Defense Troops.

Border troops are intended to protect the state border, territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as to solve problems of protecting the biological resources of the territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation and exercising state control in this area. Organizationally, the Border Troops are part of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation.

Internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia are intended to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state, to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens from criminal and other unlawful attacks.

Civil Defense Troops- these are military formations that own special equipment, weapons and property, designed to protect the population, material and cultural assets on the territory of the Russian Federation from dangers arising during the conduct of military operations or as a result of these actions. Organizationally, the Civil Defense Troops are part of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief.

The Russian Armed Forces have a three-service structure, which better meets today's requirements and makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of combat use, seriously simplify the interaction of different types of Armed Forces and reduce the cost of the command and control system.

Currently, the Armed Forces structurally include three kind

• Ground troops,
• Air Force,
• Navy;

  three type of troops

and

• troops not included in the branches of the Armed Forces,

• Rear of the Armed Forces,
• organizations and military units for the construction and quartering of troops.

Structure of the Ground Forces

Ground troops As a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, they are intended to conduct combat operations primarily on land. In terms of their combat capabilities, they are capable, in cooperation with other branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, to conduct an offensive in order to defeat the enemy group and seize its territory, deliver fire strikes to great depths, repel the invasion of the enemy, his large airborne assault forces, firmly hold occupied territories, areas and frontiers.

The leadership of the Ground Forces is entrusted to Main Command of the Ground Forces.

The Main Command of the Ground Forces is a control body that combines full responsibility for the state of the branch of the Armed Forces, its construction, development, training and use.

The Main Command of the Ground Forces is entrusted with the following tasks:

• preparing troops for combat operations, based on the tasks determined by the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
• improving the structure and composition, optimizing the number, incl. combat arms and special forces;
• development of military theory and practice;
• development and implementation of combat manuals, manuals, and methodological aids in troop training;
• improving the operational and combat training of the Ground Forces together with other branches of the Russian Armed Forces.

The Ground Forces include:

• types of troops - motorized rifle, tank, missile troops and artillery, military air defense, army aviation;
• special troops (formations and units - reconnaissance, communications, electronic warfare, engineering, radiation, chemical and biological protection, technical support, automobile and rear security);
• military units and logistics institutions.

Currently, the Ground Forces organizationally consist of

• military districts (Moscow, Leningrad, North Caucasus, Volga-Ural, Siberian and Far Eastern),
• armies,
• army corps,
• motorized rifle (tank), artillery and machine gun-artillery divisions,
• fortified areas,
• brigades,
• individual military units,
• military institutions,
• enterprises and organizations.

Motorized rifle troops- the most numerous branch of the military, forming the basis of the Ground Forces and the core of their combat formations. They are equipped with powerful weapons to destroy ground and air targets, missile systems, tanks, artillery and mortars, anti-tank guided missiles, anti-aircraft missile systems and installations, effective means intelligence and management.

Tank forces- the main striking force of the Ground Forces and a powerful means of armed warfare, designed to solve the most important tasks in various types of combat operations.

Rocket Forces and Artillery- the main firepower and the most important operational means in solving combat missions to defeat enemy groups.

Military air defense is one of the main means of destroying enemy air. It consists of anti-aircraft missile, anti-aircraft artillery and radio engineering units and subunits.

Army aviation designed for action directly in the interests of combined arms formations, their air support, tactical air reconnaissance, tactical airborne landings and fire support for their actions, electronic warfare, laying minefields and other tasks.

The successful implementation by combined arms formations of the tasks facing them is ensured by special troops (engineering, radiation, chemical and biological protection) and services (weapons, logistics).

In order to harmonize the efforts of the world community in matters of maintaining peace (implementation of paragraph 6 of the UN Charter “Observation Mission”), the Ground Forces are entrusted with the task of implementing peacekeeping functions. We provide assistance to other states in military development, organization of operation and maintenance of weapons and military equipment purchased from Russia, training of specialists in various fields in educational institutions Ground forces.

Currently, units and units of the Ground Forces are serving in peacekeeping duties in Sierra Leone, Kosovo, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Transnistria.

Air Force (AF)– branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. They are designed to conduct reconnaissance of enemy groups; ensuring the acquisition of dominance (containment) in the air; protection from air strikes of important military-economic regions (objects) of the country and troop groups; air attack warnings; defeating targets that form the basis of the enemy’s military and military-economic potential; air support for ground and naval forces; airborne landings; transportation of troops and materiel by air.

Air Force Structure

The Air Force includes the following types of troops:

• aviation (types of aviation - bomber, attack, fighter aircraft, air defense, reconnaissance, transport and special),
• anti-aircraft missile forces,
• radio technical troops,
• special troops,
• units and institutions of the rear.

Bomber aircraft has long-range (strategic) and front-line (tactical) bombers in service various types. It is designed to defeat troop groups, destroy important military, energy facilities and communications centers primarily in the strategic and operational depths of enemy defenses. The bomber can carry bombs of various calibers, both conventional and nuclear, as well as air-to-surface guided missiles.

Attack aircraft Designed for air support of troops, destruction of manpower and objects primarily at the front line, in the tactical and immediate operational depth of the enemy, as well as combating enemy aircraft in the air.

One of the main requirements for an attack aircraft is high accuracy in hitting ground targets. Weapons: large-caliber guns, bombs, rockets.

Air defense fighter aircraft is the main maneuver force of the air defense system and is intended to cover the most important areas and objects from enemy air attack. It is capable of destroying the enemy at maximum ranges from defended objects.

The air defense aviation is armed with air defense fighter aircraft, combat helicopters, special and transport aircraft and helicopters.

Reconnaissance aircraft designed for conducting aerial reconnaissance of the enemy, terrain and weather, and can destroy hidden enemy objects.

Reconnaissance flights can also be carried out by bomber, fighter-bomber, attack and fighter aircraft. For this purpose, they are specially equipped with day and night photography equipment at various scales, high-resolution radio and radar stations, heat direction finders, sound recording and television equipment, and magnetometers.

Reconnaissance aviation is divided into tactical, operational and strategic reconnaissance aviation.

Transport aviation designed for the transportation of troops, military equipment, weapons, ammunition, fuel, food, airborne landings, evacuation of the wounded, sick, etc.

Special aviation designed for long-range radar detection and guidance, refueling aircraft in the air, electronic warfare, radiation, chemical and biological protection, control and communications, meteorological and technical support, rescue of crews in distress, evacuation of the wounded and sick.

Anti-aircraft missile forces designed to protect the country's most important facilities and troop groups from enemy air strikes.

They constitute the main firepower of the air defense system and are armed with anti-aircraft missile systems and anti-aircraft missile systems for various purposes, possessing great firepower and high accuracy in destroying enemy air attack weapons.

Radio technical troops- the main source of information about the air enemy and are intended for conducting radar reconnaissance, monitoring the flights of their aircraft and compliance by aircraft of all departments with the rules for the use of airspace.

They provide information about the beginning of an air attack, combat information for anti-aircraft missile forces and air defense aviation, as well as information for controlling formations, units and air defense units.

The radio technical troops are armed with radar stations and radar systems capable of detecting not only airborne but also surface targets at any time of the year and day, regardless of meteorological conditions and interference.

Communication units and subdivisions designed for deployment and operation of communication systems in order to ensure command and control of troops in all types of combat activities.

Electronic warfare units and units designed to interfere with airborne radars, bomb sights, communications and radio navigation of enemy air attack systems.

Units and subdivisions of communications and radio engineering support designed to provide control of aviation units and subunits, aircraft navigation, takeoff and landing of aircraft and helicopters.

Units and subunits of the engineering troops, as well as units and subunits of radiation, chemical and biological protection, are designed to perform the most complex tasks of engineering and chemical support, respectively.

Navy is a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It is intended for the armed protection of Russian interests and for conducting combat operations in the sea and ocean theaters of war. The Navy is capable of delivering nuclear strikes on enemy ground targets, destroying enemy fleet groups at sea and bases, disrupting the enemy’s ocean and sea communications and protecting its maritime transport, assisting ground forces in operations in continental theaters of war, landing amphibious assault forces, and participating in repelling landing forces. enemy and perform other tasks.

Structure of the Navy

The Navy is a powerful factor in the country's defense capability. It is divided into strategic nuclear forces and general purpose forces. Strategic nuclear forces have great nuclear missile power, high mobility and the ability to operate for a long time in various areas of the World Ocean.

The Navy consists of the following branches of the force:

• underwater,
• surface
• naval aviation, marines and coastal defense forces.

It also includes ships and vessels, special purpose units,

rear units and units.

Submarine forces- a striking force of the fleet, capable of controlling the expanses of the World Ocean, secretly and quickly deploying in the right directions and delivering unexpected powerful strikes from the depths of the ocean against sea and continental targets. Depending on the main armament, submarines are divided into missile and torpedo submarines, and according to the type of power plant into nuclear and diesel-electric.

The main striking force of the Navy is nuclear submarines armed with ballistic and cruise missiles with nuclear warheads. These ships are constantly in various areas of the World Ocean, ready for the immediate use of their strategic weapons.

Nuclear-powered submarines armed with ship-to-ship cruise missiles are aimed primarily at combating large enemy surface ships.

Nuclear torpedo submarines are used to disrupt enemy underwater and surface communications and in the defense system against underwater threats, as well as to escort missile submarines and surface ships.

The use of diesel submarines (missile and torpedo submarines) is mainly associated with solving typical tasks for them in limited areas of the sea.