The ranks of the armed forces of the Russian Federation. Rocket troops and airborne troops. Combat potential and annual budget of the Russian army

Long years the inflamed minds of the man in the street are worried about a hypothetical military conflict between the two powers, Russia and the United States. It is almost impossible to present the military conflict of these two states in its pure form.... It can hardly be assumed that neighboring states will not be drawn into a military clash between these two countries. In addition, the United States, as a NATO member, can count, if not on the full support of the alliance, then at least on the support of its main European ally - Great Britain. However, we will try to simply analyze what the armies of these two countries can oppose to each other.

The meaning of such a confrontation, its reality, as well as the possibility of a full-fledged military aggression against Russia with the introduction of ground forces USA, leave it out of the brackets. Information for comparison is taken from open sources, which everyone has access to. Most of the information about the exact number of weapons and troops is classified information, which, if published, is often delayed, which means that the given values ​​can change both up and down.

Number of armies

Comparison of the military potential of the two powers can begin with the population of the two countries. The population of Russia as of January 1, 2013 was 143 347 059 people, the population of the United States as of December 2012 was 314 895 000 people. Actually, it is already clear from these figures that in the event of a global war, the United States will be ready to put under arms many more physically healthy and strong male citizens.

The potential mobilization reserve of Russia is estimated at 31 million people, the United States - at 56 million people (if we take into account all males from 17 to 49 years old - at least 109 million). so many people are under arms. To maintain such an army, there will not be enough weapons, ammunition, food, clothing, and transport logistics will turn into a real hell.

Russian MBT T-90

At the same time, in a war of attrition, the United States will be able to make up for its own losses much more efficiently and for much longer. At the same time, a professional mobilization reserve in Russia simply does not exist. Currently, work on its creation is only at the beginning. The size of the Russian armed forces was increased to 1 million people, of which about 70,000 people are outside the state, and about 300,000 are conscripts.

The US Army is fully professional, with a strength of about 1.4 million, with an additional 1.1-1.3 million in the nearest mobilization reserve or reserve. All of them have a valid contract with the Ministry of Defense, are regularly involved in exercises and combat training, and, if necessary, can be called up for active service.

According to the military doctrine published in 2012, “Supporting US Global Leadership. Defense Priorities of the 21st Century ”, the US army is ready to wage only one full-scale war at a time, restraining the aggressive actions of the enemy in other regions of the Earth. Previously, it was supposed to conduct simultaneously 2 full-scale wars. Proceeding from this, in the event of military aggression against Russia, the US army will be able to allocate most of its armed forces for these purposes.

Technical equipment of the ground forces

The main striking force of the ground forces is tanks. In service with the US Army as of 2012, there were 1963 Abrams tanks in the M1A2 version, of which 588 were upgraded to the M1A2SEP version. In addition, the US military has about 2,400 M1A1 tanks and about 2,385 M1 tanks in storage.

American MBT "Abrams" М1А2

In the Russian army, the most modern tank is. In total, the armed forces have about 500 such MBTs in the T-90A and T-90AK versions. That is, for the most advanced tanks in the armies of the two countries, there is a certain parity. At the same time, the Russian army has about 4,500 thousand T-80 tanks of various modifications, which are undergoing overhaul (for 2010). Also in the troops and at storage bases there are about 12,500 T-72 tanks of various modifications.

Thus, even if at least a third of these vehicles are on the move, refueled, crews are put into the tanks and the ammunition load is loaded, their number will exceed the number of the American tank fleet. Given that the United States will not be able to deploy all its tanks against Russia, the quantitative superiority will be absolute. In terms of the total number of tanks, Russia surpasses the United States by at least 2.5 times.

Also in service with the US Army is about 6,500 thousand BMP "Bradley", in turn, Russia has about 700 BMP-3, 4500 BMP-2 and almost 8000 BMP-1. The fleet of armored personnel carriers in the Russian army is about 4,900 units from the BTR-70 to the BTR-82A. It is assumed that by 2020 all the BTR-80 of the Russian army will be upgraded to the level of the BTR-82A (AM). Also, the Russian airborne forces have about 1,500 BMD units of all modifications and about 700 more BTR-D. The US Army has significantly more armored personnel carriers - about 16,000.

Russian ACS "MSTA-S"

Good artillery preparation continues to be one of the main ingredients for the success of ground operations. Currently, the American army has about 2,000 self-propelled guns and another 1,500 towed guns. In the Russian army, as of 2010, there were more than 6,800 self-propelled guns and more than 7,500 towed guns. Of these, 4600 are 122 mm D-30 howitzers, which will be decommissioned by the end of 2013.

In addition, Russia has about 3,500 MLRS, while in service American army there are only 830 such systems. Thus, on paper Russian army has superiority over the American in self-propelled artillery by 3.4 times, in towed by 5 (1.9 after the decommissioning of the D-30), 4.2 times in MLRS.

At the same time, there are only about 2,500 tanks in the Russian army directly according to the states of the brigades and military bases. It is not difficult to verify this. The Russian army has only 4 separate tank brigades, each of which is armed with 91-94 MBTs by state. There are also about 30 separate motorized rifle brigades (I counted only 27, but I could be wrong), each of which has a tank battalion - 41 tanks. The rest of the tanks are at the bases for the storage and repair of military equipment (BHiRVT). The same situation can be projected onto artillery.

American ACS M-109

In addition, the armies of the two countries have a large number of helicopters. The US Army has about 2,700 attack helicopters. The Russian army has fewer rotary-wing aircraft - 1368 units (about 2 times less).

Air Force technical equipment

The US Air Force is a formidable force, with the largest number of combat aircraft in the world. As part of the regular units of the US Air Force (for 2011) there are 144 strategic bombers (66 B-1, 20 B-2 and 58 B-52), 297 attack aircraft A-10, 1629 fighters (471 - F-15, 968 - F -16, 179 - F-22, 11 F-35). It is worth noting that the United States is the only country in the world that is armed with a 5th generation fighter, we are talking about the F-22 Raptor. In addition, the navy (for 2008) had 867 F / A-18 fighter-attack aircraft. The total number of combat aircraft, excluding those in the reserve, is 2,937 units.

It should be noted that the composition of the Russian Air Force is of a secret nature, which means that the information provided may contain inaccuracies. The Russian regular air force has 80 strategic bombers (16 -, 64 - Tu-95MS), 150 long-range Tu-22M3 bombers, 241 Su-25 attack aircraft, 164 front-line Su-24M and M2 bombers, 26 front-line bombers.

The fighter aviation includes 953 aircraft (282 - MiG-29, 252 -, 400 -, 9 - Su-30 and 10 -). General composition combat aviation is 1614 aircraft (approximately). Thus, the enemy has approximately 2-fold superiority in combat aviation.

F-22 Raptor

It should be noted that the Russian Air Force is currently being actively modernized and re-equipped. The number of modern aircraft in them will grow, and their own 5th generation aircraft, the PAK FA, will appear. At the same time, in terms of its capabilities, the Su-35S aircraft is practically in no way inferior to the 5th generation aircraft, the Russian Air Force plans to purchase at least 48 of these machines. Also in 2012, half of the Su-27 was upgraded to the Su-27SM3 version, and this is, in fact, another machine that is equally capable of fighting all 4th generation aircraft. The MiG-31 interceptor aircraft are also being actively modernized.

In addition, Russian aviation has its own trump card up its sleeve. The air-to-air guided missiles in service with the Russian Air Force have the longest range among similar types of weapons. The R-37 missile, which can be used by MiG-31BM interceptor fighters and Su-27 fighters, the Su-35 is capable of striking targets at a distance of 300 km!

In addition, work is underway in Russia on the KS-172 missile, which has an even greater range of destruction - up to 400 km. And the new RVV-BD missile, while the RVV-SD medium-range missile has a flight range of about 110 km. The most advanced American guided all-weather missiles AIM-120C7 and AIM-120D are able to hit targets at a distance of 120 and 180 km. respectively.

Russian fighter Su-35S

Su-35, Su-27 and MiG-31BM, equipped with modern radars and R-37 missiles with a longer launch range than any American missile, allow these machines to significantly reduce their lag behind even the most modern American 5th generation F-22 fighter. Raptor with low visibility. They can deal with fighters such as F-15, F-16 and F / A-18 without any problems.

The main trump card of Russia in a possible military conflict, in addition to not the weakest air force, is the country's air defense system, which is able to make the Russian sky inaccessible to the actions of the aviation of any potential enemy. And without the support of aviation today, it is impossible to conduct any kind of successful military operations against sufficiently strong ground forces of the enemy. Given that the US Army will be forced at the initial stage of the campaign to fight for bridgeheads and their further expansion, such operations without air supremacy will be doomed to failure in advance.

According to a report by the Australian think tank Air Power Australia, which compared American military aircraft and Russian air defense systems. In the event of a full-scale military conflict, the possibility of survival of the US Air Force aviation is almost completely ruled out due to the fact that Russian funds air defense: radar systems and anti-aircraft missile systems have reached the highest level development. Modern Russian systems Air defense systems have no analogues in the world and are significantly superior to American ones.

SAM S-400 "Triumph"

At the same time, the S-300 complexes that make up the backbone of the Russian air defense are still able to deal with any possible enemy. According to a number of European experts, the Russian air defense system is capable of destroying up to 80% of aircraft of any type that have invaded its airspace. Russian experts are more modest and estimate this number at 60-65%, but in any case, the enemy's aviation will be inflicted simply irreparable damage from which it will no longer be able to recover.

In 2010, the Russian air defense system had about 2,100 S-300 launchers of various types, the S-400 deployed 9 divisions - 72 launchers, in total, by 2020, it is planned to deploy 56 divisions armed with this complex. In addition, the troops have at least 22 short-range air defense systems - Pantsir-S1.

It is the air defense that is the main trump card of Russia and its "umbrella" that will protect the country from possible aggression... Under the protection of air defense, Russia will be able to significantly update both its ground forces and the air force by 2020, which will be replenished with new military equipment. After 2020, the likelihood of a direct armed conflict between the United States and Russia, which still seems very unlikely, will drop to almost zero.

Military establishment Russian Federation are a reliable protection of borders and a guarantor of the protection of the rights and freedoms of its citizens. It is clear that the political and economic sphere plays significant role in the state, but only a combat-ready army can keep the peace in the state. History shows that only troops can prevent an aggressor from attacking another country.

The regular army of Russia is one of the leaders in the world in terms of the number of military personnel. In all world rankings of the armies of the world, Russia ranks second, losing only to the US army. The size of the Russian army is determined and regulated by presidential decrees. According to the constitution, the President of the Russian Federation is at the same time the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. According to official statistics (summer 2017), the number of the Russian army reaches 1,885,313 people, although the figure is floating, since demobilizations and conscriptions are constantly taking place. In the event of war, Russia can field 62 million men liable for military service.

Combat potential and annual budget of the Russian army

Since Russia has the status of a nuclear state, it has huge reserves of nuclear weapons, which serve as a guarantor of protection against any external aggression. All stages of the manufacture of nuclear weapons, as well as the receipt of raw materials and their delivery take place on the territory of the Russian Federation. In addition, the cycle of nuclear weapons production on the territory of the Russian Federation is closed.

The armament of the Russian army is updated every year; over the past five years, the process of replacing outdated weapons and equipment has gone much faster. Due to the fact that the Russian military-industrial complex today is one of the largest in the world, it almost completely meets the needs of the army for weapons, equipment and different types ammunition. The arsenal of produced weapons is extremely wide - from cartridges to pistols to nuclear missiles.

The country's military-industrial complex not only fully meets the needs of the army, but is also the world's largest exporter of weapons and military equipment in the world. Every year, Russian-made equipment and weapons are sold for $ 10-20 billion.

Although the official date for the creation of the Russian armed forces is May 7, 1992, it is not news to anyone that the modern regular army is not only the heir to the USSR Armed Forces, but also the successor of the glorious traditions of the Russian imperial army, whose age is more than one hundred years.

Unlike the Soviet army, the regular army modern Russia is formed not only by conscription, but also on a contract basis. The policy of the state is aimed at increasing the number of contract soldiers who are professional soldiers with experience. In 2017, the entire junior command staff of the Russian army is 100% professional.

The annual budget in 2015 was about 5.4% of the total GDP of the Russian Federation. At that time, it amounted to about 3.3 trillion rubles.

History of the modern armed forces of Russia

The history of the modern Russian army began on July 14, 1990. It was this number that the first military department of Russia was formed. Although it was called the state committee of the RSFSR for ensuring interaction with the Ministry of Defense and the KGB, it was on its basis (after the coup in August) that the Ministry of Defense of the RSFSR was formed.

After the collapse of the USSR, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were created by decree of the first President of Russia Boris Yeltsin. This decree is dated May 7, 1992. Before that, the CIS Joint Armed Forces were created, but they did not last long.

Initially, the Russian army included all the military units that were on the territory of the Russian Federation. The total strength of the army at that time was about 2.8 million people. Although it seems that the army at that time was a formidable force, all equipment and weapons were outdated.

The development of the Russian army in the period from 1992 to 2006

The 90s were difficult not only for the army, but also for the whole country. Since funding almost completely stopped, officers began to leave the army en masse. Army property was massively sold and plundered. Most of the factories working for the military industry were forced to close due to lack of orders. All developments of new weapons and military equipment were curtailed. Old technique stood motionless, as all fuel and lubricants were stolen.

Already at this stage, plans appeared for the complete transfer of the Russian army to a contract basis, but funding problems froze these plans indefinitely. Service in the army until 1993 was 2 years, after which it was reduced to 18 months. This relaxation lasted only 3 years, and after the start of the first Chechen campaign, the term of service in the Russian army increased to 2 years (in 1996).

The beginning of the first Chechen campaign in 1995 showed the complete unpreparedness of the Russian army to conduct full-scale hostilities. Not only did the troops have problems with supplies, the management was also inconsistent. After that, the contract system in the army began to develop rapidly.

Already during the second Chechen campaign, the proportion of contract soldiers in combat units who fought on the territory of Chechnya reached 35 percent. In connection with the large losses among the conscripts, in addition to contract soldiers, airborne units took part in the battles.

Division of all formations and units of the Russian Armed Forces into categories

Back in the early 90s, it was decided to divide all army units and subunits into several parts:

1. Units of constant readiness, which must, in a short time, begin to carry out military tasks that arise suddenly;
2. Reduced strength divisions;
3. All bases where it is stored Combat vehicles and other weapons;
4. All cropped units.

With the onset of the 2000s, the military reform to transfer the army to a contract basis was continued. All units of constant readiness decided to staff with contract soldiers, and the rest of the units - with conscripts. The first regiment, which was fully manned by contract soldiers, was the Pskov regiment of the airborne division.

2005 marked the beginning of the reform of military administration in the Russian army. According to the doctrine of this reform, all the armed forces of the Russian Federation were to be subordinate to three territorial commands. Defense Minister Serdyukov, who was appointed to the post of minister in 2007, actively advocated the introduction of territorial division.

Military reform of 2008

In 2008, the armed forces of the Russian Federation entered the armed conflict in South Ossetia. This military operation showed a disastrous situation in the army. The main problem turned out to be insufficient mobility of military units and a lack of coordinated actions between different parts of the army.

After the end of this military campaign, it was decided:

1. Urgently simplify the command and control system of military units;
2. Reduce the number of military districts from 6 to 4;
3. Gradually increase funding for the army, thereby ensuring the renewal of the military equipment fleet.

We managed to implement many points from our plans:

1. Military service has become a prestigious profession;
2. The flow of funding made it possible to ensure the flow of new military equipment;
3. The increase in payment made it possible to attract military service a large number of professional contractors;
4. The involvement of professionals in the command staff made it possible to significantly raise the level of training of all military divisions and regiments.

At the same time, it was decided to reorganize all divisions and regiments. The new units were called brigades, which lasted until 2013. The year 2013 showed that the military reform did not go as we would like. Many points were revised again, and the brigades again began to reorganize into divisions and regiments.

Structural division of the armed forces of the Russian Federation

According to the constitution, military service is the duty and obligation of every citizen of the Russian Federation. The leadership of the armed forces (according to the same constitution) is entrusted to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, who is the President of the Russian Federation. It is he who is the head of the Security Council, which develops military doctrine and regulates the composition of the command of the Russian army.

The conscription is controlled by the president, who signs a decree every year on the beginning and end of the military conscription. All important documents related to the areas of military cooperation, defense and state security is also signed by the President of Russia.

The command of the armed forces is entrusted to the Ministry of Defense, whose task is to:

1. Maintain troops in constant readiness;
2. Development of the defense capability of the army by purchasing the latest technology and weapons;
3. Solving various social issues related to the life of military personnel (housing construction, and so on);
4. Carrying out all kinds of activities related to cooperation in the military sphere.

Now the Minister of Defense is Sergei Shoigu, who was appointed to this position in 2012.

In addition to the Ministry of Defense, the General Staff participates in the management of the army. Its task is the operational command of the armed forces of the Russian Federation. General Valery Gerasimov has been appointed Chief of the General Staff.

The General Staff is planning the use of all power departments of Russia. In addition, its task includes the mobilization and operational training of troops.

Troops as part of the armed forces of the Russian Federation

The composition of the troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation contains the following types of troops:

1. Ground Forces, which are the most numerous;
2. Naval forces (or forces);
3. Military space forces (former air force).

The composition of the Armed Forces will be incomplete if it does not include such types of troops as:

1. Airborne Forces ( airborne troops);
2. Strategic Rocket Forces;
3. Special troops (they also include the famous special intelligence units of the GRU).

Each type of troops must fulfill its tasks and flexibly interact with other types of troops in the performance of combat missions.

Ground forces, their structure, missions and numbers

The ground forces are the most numerous among all types of Russian troops. All ground military operations, the seizure of enemy territory and its clearing are their competence.

The ground forces include:

1. The entire military-industrial complex, which provides the Russian army with weapons and military equipment;
2. Motorized rifle troops, which are the most mobile type, capable of rapid response;
3. Tank forces;
4. Artillery troops (they also include rocket troops);
5. Air Defense Troops of the Ground Forces;
6. Special troops.

Since the basis of any world army is precisely the ground forces (for some small countries this type of troops is the only one), Russia is no exception in this matter. Troops of this type have a rich history in Russia.

On October 1, ground forces celebrate their professional holiday. The history of this holiday dates back to the time of Tsar Ivan the Terrible. It was he who, on October 1, 1550, created the first regular army in Russia, and service in the army from that moment on became the main occupation of service people.

The total number of ground forces in 2017 was 270 thousand people. The ground forces consist of 8 divisions, 147 brigades and 4 military bases. Since 2014, Oleg Leonidovich Salyukov has been the Commander-in-Chief of the Land Forces of the Russian Federation.

All tasks and goals of the ground forces are divided into several categories:

1. V Peaceful time the main task of the ground forces is to maintain the combat effectiveness and combat training of personnel. The troops are obliged to create the necessary stocks of weapons and military equipment that may be needed in case of war. Also, ground forces must be in constant readiness for deployment;
2. During the threatening period, military service is held in a tense regime. The main tasks of the Ground Forces at this time are to increase the number, prepare equipment for possible military conflicts, prepare personnel for conducting combat operations in exercises;
3. During a war, the main task of the Ground Forces is the mobile deployment and repulsion of enemy attacks, as well as its complete defeat.

In 2017, the Ground Forces received a large amount of new military equipment. The trend towards renewal of the military equipment park is laid down for 2018 as well.

Navy troops

The Russian navy was founded in 1696 by a decree of the boyar duma. Main role this was played by Peter I, who sought to turn Russia into a maritime power. The founding day of the Navy is October 30. This holiday is celebrated annually.

The main task of the modern navy is to conduct various military operations in the seas and oceans. In addition, the navy is capable of solving the following tasks:

1. To strike at various enemy targets, and strikes can be both conventional and nuclear;
2. Engage in amphibious assault landing;
3. Conduct naval blockades of enemy ports;
4. Protect Russia's economic interests.

In addition, the Navy can conduct various search and rescue operations.

The Russian navy has a huge arsenal of modern weapons that can be used not only for striking close targets, but also capable of striking targets located hundreds of kilometers away from the fleet.

Like other types of troops, the Navy is capable of reacting in the shortest possible time to a change in the military situation in the country and, in a short time, go into a state of full combat readiness to deliver strikes.

In 2017, the Russian Navy purchased several new ships; in 2018, according to the program for the modernization of the navy, several more new ships will be commissioned. In total, it is planned to purchase 40 newest minesweepers by 2020.

In addition to surface forces, the navy includes:

1. Submarine forces;
2. All naval aviation;
3. Coastal troops;
4. Special Forces (Marine Corps).

The Russian submarine fleet is one of the most modern troops of its kind in the world. He is able to carry out tasks of covertly striking the enemy. In addition, missile submarines carry nuclear ballistic missiles on board. Since the location of nuclear missile carriers is strictly classified, they are a powerful deterrent for a potential aggressor. In the event of the outbreak of hostilities, the submarine fleet is capable of delivering sudden nuclear strikes of enormous force.

Military space forces of Russia

The Russian military space forces were formed in 2015, being the youngest type of troops in the entire Russian army. The creation of the Aerospace Forces took place on the basis of the Russian Air Force. In 2017, the Russian Aerospace Forces managed to overcome all the problems associated with the reorganization and began to renew the fleet of aircraft. For the period from 2018 to 2020, the procurement of aircraft and helicopters will take place within the framework of state program... In 2018, the long-awaited fifth-generation fighter SU-57 is to enter service with the Aerospace Forces.

The VKS includes the following types of aviation:

1. Army Aviation;
2. Front-line aviation;
3. Military transport aviation;
4. Long-range aviation.

Air Defense Forces (except for the Air Defense Forces, which are part of the ground forces) and anti-missile defense are also part of the Aerospace Forces.

Rocket Troops and Airborne Troops

Rocket troops strategic purpose are the pride of the Russian army. It is in these troops that most of nuclear potential of the country. The Strategic Missile Forces guarantees that any nuclear strike from a potential adversary will not go unanswered. The main weapon of this type of troops is intercontinental nuclear missiles, capable of wiping out an entire country.

The airborne troops are the dream of many young men who were called to the military registration and enlistment office for an urgent draft. Few people succeed in fulfilling their dream, since for service in the Airborne Forces you need perfect health and psychological stability. These criteria were created for a reason, because the paratroopers have to operate behind enemy lines, not relying on support from other types of troops.

The Airborne Forces include not only airborne, but also air assault divisions. Since the combat missions of the paratroopers are extremely difficult, their education and training are particularly difficult.

Armament of the Russian army

Although in last years funding for the Russian army has increased significantly, yet most military equipment is a legacy of the USSR era. Although this technique is of sufficient quality, progress does not stand still. The armies of the United States, NATO and even China have long overtaken Russia in the number of the latest models of military equipment that is in service in the army.

Recent years have been marked by the arrival of new types of military equipment in the Russian army. We can say that the renewal of the military equipment fleet is slowly but surely taking place. Many Russian samples aircraft and tanks not only correspond to foreign counterparts, but also surpass them in many respects.

The main problem due to which it is not possible to carry out the modernization quickly is insufficient funding. Although the share of GDP allocated to the defense industry by Russia is 5.3 percent, which is much more than allocated by the budgets of China and the United States, the amount in dollar terms is much lower (compared to the United States, it is 9 times less).

Despite the difficult economic situation in the country, the state each year allocates a significant amount for the purchase of new military equipment.

One of latest news which made the summer of 2017 happy, is that the Russian defense industry has advanced so much in the field of high technologies that it no longer needs foreign purchases of electronics. The new Russian army in 2017-2018 will depend only on the supplies of domestic defense enterprises.

Military service in the army

Although since 1992 there has been talk of a complete transfer of the army to a contract basis, the question of how long they serve in the army by conscription is still relevant. It is worth noting that now the service life in the army is one year, which is minimum term in the entire history of the Russian army.

The conscripts are summoned to the commission, where they undergo a thorough medical examination. Based on the results of the examination, future soldiers receive fitness categories in accordance with their state of health.

Despite the fact that the Russian army went through a difficult period in the 90s and 2000s, now the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are able to repulse any aggressor, since the increase in funding makes it possible to gradually renew the fleet of military equipment.

Airborne forces
Strategic Missile Forces Command Supreme Commander-in-Chief Vladimir Putin Defense minister Sergei Shoigu Chief of the General Staff Valery Gerasimov Military forces Military age from 18 to 27 years old Service life on call 12 months Employed in the army more than 1 million people Stock 20 000 000 Finance Budget 1,517.91 billion rubles (2011) Percentage of GNP 3.02% (2011) Industry Domestic Suppliers Almaz-Antey
UAC-UEC
Russian helicopters
JSC "Sukhoi"
Uralvagonzavod
Sevmash
GAZ Group Annual export US $ 10 billion (2010) Applications History Military history Rank Military ranks

Part Russian Armed Forces includes types of the Armed Forces: Ground Forces, Air Force, Navy; certain types of troops - the Aerospace Defense Forces, the Airborne Troops and the Strategic Missile Forces; central bodies of military command; The rear of the Armed Forces, as well as troops that are not included in the types and types of troops.

Ministry of Defence

The Ministry of Defense is headed by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, who is appointed and dismissed by the President of Russia on the proposal of the Chairman of the Government of Russia. The minister is directly subordinate to the President of Russia, and on issues attributed by the Constitution of Russia, federal constitutional laws, federal laws and presidential decrees to the jurisdiction of the Russian government, - to the chairman of the Russian government. The Minister is personally responsible for solving problems and implementing the powers entrusted to the Ministry of Defense of Russia and military establishment, and carries out its activities on the basis of one-man management. The ministry has a collegium consisting of the minister, his first deputies and deputies, heads of ministry services, commanders-in-chief of the types armed forces .

The current Minister of Defense is Shoigu, Sergei Kuzhugetovich.

General base

The main tasks of the General Staff include the implementation of strategic planning of the use armed forces, other troops, military formations and bodies, taking into account their tasks and the military-administrative division of the country; conducting operational and mobilization training armed forces; translation armed forces on the organization and composition of wartime, the organization of strategic and mobilization deployment armed forces, other troops, military formations and bodies; coordination of activities for the conduct of military registration measures in the Russian Federation; organization of intelligence activities for defense and security purposes; communication planning and organization; topogeodetic support armed forces; implementation of measures related to the protection of state secrets; military scientific research.

At the same time, Yeltsin made an attempt to create the National Guard of the RSFSR, and even began accepting volunteers. Until 1995, it was planned to form at least 11 brigades of 3-5 thousand people each, with a total number of no more than 100 thousand. It was planned to deploy units of the National Guard in 10 regions, including in Moscow (three brigades), in Leningrad (two brigades) and in a number of other important cities and regions. Regulations were prepared on the structure, composition, methods of manning, tasks of the National Guard. By the end of September in Moscow in the ranks National Guard about 15 thousand people managed to enroll, most of whom were servicemen of the USSR Armed Forces. In the end, a draft decree "On the Temporary Regulation on the Russian Guard" was put on Yeltsin's table, but it was never signed.

Armed forces in the 1990s

Part Armed Forces of the Russian Federation included directorates, associations, formations, military units, institutions, military educational institutions, enterprises and organizations of the Armed Forces of the USSR, which at the time of May 1992 were located on the territory of Russia, as well as troops (forces) under Russian jurisdiction in the territory of the Transcaucasian Military District, Western, Northern and North-Western groups of forces, the Black Sea Fleet, the Baltic Fleet, the Caspian Flotilla, the 14th Guards Army, formations, military units, institutions, enterprises and organizations on the territory of Mongolia, Cuba and some other countries with a total strength of 2.88 million human .

As part of the reform armed forces at the General Staff, the concept of the Mobile Forces was developed. The mobile forces were supposed to represent 5 separate motorized rifle brigades, staffed according to wartime states (95-100%) with a single staff and weapons. Thus, it was planned to get rid of the cumbersome mobilization mechanism, and in the future to transfer Sun entirely on a contract basis. However, by the end of 1993, only three such brigades were formed: the 74th, 131st and 136th, while it was not possible either to reduce the brigades to a single state (even the battalions within the same brigade differed in the state), or to equip them with states of war. The understaffing of the units was so significant that at the beginning of the First Chechen War (1994-1996) Grachev asked Boris Yeltsin to authorize limited mobilization, which was refused, and the United Group of Forces in Chechnya had to be formed from units from all military districts. The first Chechen one also revealed serious shortcomings in the command and control of the troops.

After Chechnya, Igor Rodionov was appointed the new minister of defense, and in 1997, Igor Sergeev. Has been undertaken new attempt create fully completed units with a single staff. As a result, by 1998 in Russian Armed Forces 4 categories of parts and connections have appeared:

• constant readiness (manning - 95-100% of the wartime staff);
• reduced staff (staffing - up to 70%);
• storage bases for weapons and military equipment (staffing - 5-10%);
• cropped (staffing - 5-10%).

However, the translation Sun on the contractual method of recruiting was not possible due to insufficient funding, while this issue became painful in Russian society against the backdrop of losses in the First Chechen War. At the same time, it was possible to only slightly increase the share of "contractors" in Armed Forces... By this time, the number Sun was reduced by more than two times - to 1,212,000 people.

In the Second Chechen War (1999-2006), the Joint Group of Forces was formed from units of constant readiness of the ground forces, as well as the Airborne Forces. At the same time, only one tactical battalion group (in full complement only one motorized rifle brigade from the Siberian Military District fought) - this was done in order to quickly compensate for losses in the war at the expense of personnel remaining in the places of permanent deployment of their units. Since the end of 1999, the share of "contract servicemen" in Chechnya began to grow, reaching 45% in 2003.

Armed forces in the 2000s

Russian troops in South Ossetia

In 2005, work also began on optimizing the control system. Armed Forces... According to the plan of the Chief of the General Staff Yuri Baluevsky, it was planned to create three regional commands, which would be subordinate to units of all types and branches of the military. On the basis of the Moscow Military District, Leningrad Military District, the Baltic and Northern Fleets, as well as the former Moscow Military District of the Air Force and Air Defense, the Western Regional Command was to be created; on the basis of a part of the PUrVO, SKVO and the Caspian Flotilla - Yuzhnoye; on the basis of part of the PUrVO, Siberian Military District, Far Eastern Military District and the Pacific Fleet - Vostochnoye. All units were to be reassigned to regional commands central subordination in the regions. At the same time, it was planned to abolish the High Commands of the services and combat arms. The implementation of these plans was, however, postponed until 2010-2015 due to failures in the program for the transfer of troops to a contract basis, to which the bulk of the funds was urgently transferred.

Nevertheless, under Serdyukov, who replaced Ivanov in 2007, they quickly returned to the idea of ​​creating regional commands. It was decided to start from the East. The staff for the command was developed and the place of deployment was determined - Ulan-Ude. In January 2008, the Eastern Regional Command was created, but in the joint command and control departments of the Siberian Military District and the Far Eastern Military District in March-April it showed its ineffectiveness, and in May it was disbanded.

Armed forces after the Second South Ossetian War

Navy

Independent branches of the armed forces

Aerospace Defense Troops

Strategic Rocket Forces

Airborne troops

The commander of the Airborne Forces is Colonel-General Vladimir Shamanov.

Armament and military equipment

Column of T-80 tanks

Traditionally, since the middle of the 20th century, the USSR Armed Forces have almost completely lacked foreign military equipment and weapons. A rare exception was the products of socialist countries (for example, the Czechoslovak 152-mm self-propelled gun vz. 77). In the USSR, a completely self-sufficient military production was created, which was capable of producing for the needs armed forces any weapons and equipment. In years Cold war its gradual accumulation took place, and by 1990 the volume of weapons in the USSR Armed Forces reached unprecedented values: only in the ground forces there were about 63 thousand tanks, 86 thousand infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers, 42 thousand artillery barrels. A significant part of these reserves went into Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and other republics.

Currently, the ground forces are armed with T-64, T-72, T-80, T-90 tanks; infantry fighting vehicles BMP-1, BMP-2, BMP-3; airborne combat vehicles BMD-1, BMD-2, BMD-3; armored personnel carriers BTR-70, BTR-80; armored vehicles GAZ-2975 "Tiger", Italian Iveco LMV; self-propelled and towed barreled artillery; multiple launch rocket systems BM-21, 9K57, 9K58, TOS-1; tactical missile systems Tochka and Iskander; air defense systems Buk, Tor, Pantsir-S1, S-300, S-400.

The Air Force is armed with fighters MiG-25, MiG-29, MiG-31, Su-27, Su-30; front-line bombers Su-24 and Su-34; attack aircraft Su-25; long-range and strategic missile-carrying bombers Tu-22M3, Tu-95, Tu-160. The military transport aviation uses the An-22, An-70, An-72, An-124, Il-76 aircraft. Special aircraft are used: the Il-78 air tanker, the Il-80 and Il-96-300PU air command posts, and the A-50 early warning aircraft. The Air Force also has combat helicopters Mi-8, Mi-24 of various modifications, Mi-35 M, Mi-28 N, Ka-50, Ka-52; as well as the S-300 and S-400 anti-aircraft missile systems. The Su-35S and T-50 multipurpose fighters (factory index) are being prepared for adoption.

Nuclear weapon

RT-2PM2 "Topol-M"

Russia possesses the world's largest stockpile of nuclear weapons and the second largest group of strategic carriers of nuclear weapons after the United States. By the beginning of 2011, the strategic nuclear forces included 611 deployed strategic carriers capable of carrying 2,679 nuclear warheads. In 2009, there were about 16,000 warheads in long-term storage arsenals. The deployed strategic nuclear forces are divided into the so-called nuclear triad: intercontinental ballistic missiles, submarine ballistic missiles and strategic bombers are used to deliver it. The first element of the triad is concentrated in the Strategic Missile Forces, where the R-36M, UR-100N, RT-2PM, RT-2PM2 and RS-24 missile systems are in service. The naval strategic forces are represented by R-29R, R-29RM, R-29RMU2 missiles, which are carried by strategic missile submarine cruisers of projects 667BDR "Kalmar", 667BDRM "Dolphin". The R-30 missile and Project 955 Borei SSBN are being prepared for adoption. Strategic aviation is represented by Tu-95MS and Tu-160 aircraft armed with Kh-55 cruise missiles.

Non-strategic nuclear forces are represented by tactical missile weapons, artillery shells, adjustable and free-falling aerial bombs, torpedoes, and depth charges.

Funding and provision

Financing armed forces carried out from the federal budget of Russia under the item of expenditure "National Defense".

In 2011, the Russian military budget amounted to 1,520.62 billion rubles, which is 14.3% of all budget expenditures and 3.02% of GDP.

"In 2012, financing of the state defense order is planned at the level of 1.769 trillion rubles, in 2013 - 2.236 trillion rubles, in 2014 - 2.625 trillion rubles," Ivanov said at a meeting of the military-industrial commission under the Russian government.

During the discussion in the Russian government of the budget for 2013, a final agreement was reached with the Ministry of Defense. Thus, in 2013 the expenditures of the Russian budget will amount to 13.4 trillion rubles, in 2014 - 14.6 trillion, and in 2015 - 15.3 trillion.

Evolution of the Russian military budget
	2000	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
Defense spending, RUB bln	▲ 140.8	▲ 1,637	▼ 1,274	▲ 1,517	▲ 1,660	▲ 2 101
% Of total budget expenditures	▲ 16.5	▲ 20.0	▼ 12.5	▲ 14.3	▲ 14.8	▲ 17.3
% Of GDP	▲ 2.63	▲ 4.19	▼ 2.84	▲ 3.02	▼ 2.97	▲ 3.39

Expenditure items for the military budget for 2011:

# NS	Name	Amount of funds (billion rubles)	VC 2010 year
01	Military establishment	1115,2	117,1
02	Mobilization and non-military training	6,7	144,8
03	Mobilization preparation of the economy	4,9	100,0
04	Preparation and participation in ensuring collective security and peacekeeping	0,5	5,8
05	Nuclear weapons complex	26,9	143,8
06	Implementation of international agreements in the field military-technical cooperation	4,8	117,8
07	Defense Applied Research	166,6	110,1
08	Other issues in the field of national defense	191,4	143,8

Military service

A distinction is made between the current mobilization reserve (the number to be drafted in the current year), the organized mobilization reserve (the number of those who previously served in the Armed Forces and enrolled in the reserve) and the potential mobilization reserve (the number of people who can be drafted into the troops (forces) in the event of mobilization). In 2009, the potential mobilization reserve amounted to 31 million people (for comparison: in the United States - 56 million people, in China - 208 million people). In 2010, the organized mobilized reserve (reserve) amounted to 20 million people. According to some domestic demographers, the number of 18-year-olds (the current mobilization reserve) will decrease by 4 times by 2050 and will amount to 328 thousand people. Making a calculation based on the data of this article, the potential mobilization reserve of Russia in 2050 will amount to 14 million people, which is 55% less than in 2009.

Numerical composition

In 2011, the number of personnel Russian Armed Forces was about 1 million people. The millionth army was the result of a gradual reduction of many years from 2,880,000 who were armed forces in 1992 (-65.3%). By 2008, almost half of the personnel were officers, warrant officers and warrant officers. In the course of the 2008 military reform, the posts of warrant officers and warrant officers were reduced, about 170 thousand officer posts were also eliminated, whereby the share of officers in the states was about 15%, but later, by presidential decree, the established number of officers was increased to 220 thousand people.

In the staffing Sun includes privates and junior command personnel (sergeants and foremen) and officers serving in military units and central and district military command and control bodies in military positions provided for by the state of certain units, in commandant's offices, military commissariats, military missions abroad, as well as cadets of higher military educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense and military training centers. There are servicemen behind the staff who have been transferred to the command of commanders and chiefs due to the temporary lack of vacant posts or the impossibility of dismissing a serviceman.

Structure Number of personnel Military governing bodies MO apparatus 10 500 General base 11 300 Types and independent types of troops Ground troops 395 000 Air Force 148 000 Navy 142 000 Strategic Missile Forces 120 000 Aerospace Defense Troops 150 000 Airborne forces 35 000

Monetary allowance

The monetary allowance of military personnel is regulated by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of November 7, 2011 N 306-FZ "On the monetary allowance of military personnel and the provision of separate payments to them." The sizes of salaries for military posts and salaries for military ranks are established by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 5, 2011 No. 992 "On the establishment of salaries for servicemen undergoing military service under contract."

The monetary allowance of military personnel consists of salaries of pay (salary according to military post and salary according to military rank), incentive and compensatory (additional) payments. Additional payments include:

• for the length of service
• for class qualifications
• for work with information constituting a state secret
• for special conditions of military service
• for performing tasks directly related to the risk to life and health in peacetime
• for special achievements in the service

In addition to six monthly additional payments, there are annual bonuses for conscientious and efficient performance. job duties; the established coefficient to the salary of military personnel serving in areas with unfavorable climatic or environmental conditions, outside the territory of Russia, and so on.

Typical military position	Salary amount
In the central bodies of military command
Head of the main department	40 000
Department head	31 500
Group leader	29 000
Senior officer	28 000
In the troops
Commander of the military district	40 000
Combined Arms Army Commander	37 000
Brigade commander	29 000
Regiment Commander	26 500
Battalion commander	24 000
Company commander	22 000
Platoon commander	20 000

Military training

In 2010, more than 2 thousand events were held with practical actions of formations and military units. This is 30% more than in 2009.