Presentation for the lesson on the topic: Military Gallery of the Winter Palace

Immediately after graduation Patriotic War 1812 and the overseas campaigns of the Russian troops in 1813-1814, steps were taken in order to perpetuate the feat of the Russian army.

All over the country, in cities and monasteries, bell towers were built in memory of the feat of 1812. Equestrian sculptures by Barclay de Tolly and Kutuzov appeared in front of the Kazan Cathedral, triumphal arches in Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as the Alexander Column on Palace Square.

The War Gallery of 1812 in the Hermitage is one of such monuments. But in its design and execution, it has no analogues in European culture... In England, at Windsor Palace, the Waterloo Memorial Hall was created, where only 28 portraits of monarchs, generals and diplomats related to this battle were exhibited. The Gallery's task was much more significant: to leave in the memory of the descendants of all Russian generals who took part in the war of 1812 and the foreign campaigns of 1813-1814.

History of creation

The history of the creation of the Gallery began in 1818, in Aachen, where one of the congresses of the Holy Alliance was held, designed to establish a new European order after the end of the Napoleonic wars. The congress was attended not only by monarchs, but also by their numerous retinues. With the entourage of the Duke Edward of Kent, the English artist George Doe arrived, who by that time not only graduated with a gold medal from the Academy of Arts in London, but also managed to gain popularity as a portrait painter who successfully conveyed the resemblance to the original. Here, in Aachen, Dow received his first Russian order from the Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Army, Prince P.M. Volkonsky, who was a member of the closest circle of Emperor Alexander I. The Emperor accidentally went to his entourage at the moment when he posed for the artist, and was amazed at the speed of Dow's work and the accuracy of rendering the features of the original. As a result, George Doe was invited to work in St. Petersburg, where he arrived in 1819. He was entrusted with capturing the appearance of the Russian generals. The artist had a grandiose work of more than 300 portraits. His work continued for 10 years from 1819 to 1828. In fact, he had to write 2-3 portraits for the Gallery every month. Despite the hard work, all the portraits were not ready for the opening of the Gallery. The place of the missing portrait was occupied by a corresponding picture frame with a plate on which the name of the general whose portrait was supposed to be here was indicated. In the work, the artist was assisted by A.V. Polyakov and V.A. Golike. They made copies of the portraits of those generals who, for one reason or another, could not come to Petersburg for personal posing and sent Dow the images they already had. Later, due to the demand that arose in Russian society, George Doe invited engravers from England who reproduced and replicated engraved copies of portraits of the heroes of the Patriotic War. These prints were very popular in Russia.

The emperor decided that it was necessary to paint portraits of all those who were generals in 1812 or received this title for the distinctions shown in the battles of 1812-1814. Despite careful work on the preparation of the lists of generals, the portraits of some of them were never displayed in the Gallery. For a number of reasons, the Gallery did not have portraits of M.A. Dmitrieva-Mamonova, M.F. Orlova, P.P. Passek and others. Portrait of the Decembrist General S.G. Volkonsky was ready even before December uprising 1825, but he also did not exhibit in the Gallery of political reasons up to 1903, when the attitude towards the Decembrists changed.

Gallery opening

It was decided to place the Gallery Hall between the White Throne Hall and the Great Throne Hall, where a number of small rooms were previously located. The hall was designed by the architect Carl Rossi and was built from June to November 1826. The Gallery was opened on December 25, 1826. On this day, the deliverance of Russia from Napoleonic troops was celebrated. The opening ceremony in the Gallery was attended by the emperor, his court, as well as veterans of the Patriotic War and part of the guards regiments. During the solemn divine service, the guards were built in the Throne Rooms, and then marched through the Gallery past the portraits of the generals of the Patriotic War.

In the 1830s, the Gallery was replenished with large portraits of Emperor Alexander I, Austrian Emperor Franz I and King of Prussia Frederick Wilhelm III, who were allies of Russia in foreign campaigns. In 1837, a great fire broke out in the Winter Palace, as a result of which the decoration of the Gallery was completely destroyed. But the guards carried out the portraits of the heroes of the Patriotic War, and they did not suffer from the fire. Subsequently, the Gallery was restored according to V.P. Stasov. Already in Soviet time the exposition was supplemented with portraits of the palace grenadiers, who were entrusted with guarding the House of World War II Veterans, and two paintings by the artist Peter von Hess: ““ battle of Borodino"And" The retreat of the French through the Berezina "".

G. Chernetsov, 1827 ... Wikipedia

Military gallery Winter Palace, E.P. Hau, 1862 The military gallery is one of the galleries of the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg... The gallery consists of 332 portraits of Russian generals who participated in the Patriotic War of 1812. Portraits by George Doe ... ... Wikipedia

Military gallery- the Winter Palace (now part of the Hermitage), a collection of portraits of Russian commanders and military leaders - participants in the Patriotic War of 1812 and Overseas trips 1813-14 (painted in 1819-28 by the English portraitist J. Doe with the participation of ... ... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"

The request "Patriotic War" is redirected here; see also other meanings. This term has other meanings, see War of 1812. Patriotic War of 1812 Napoleonic Wars ... Wikipedia

Not to be confused with Tuchkov, Pavel Alekseevich (mayor of Moscow). Wikipedia has articles about other people with this surname, see Tuchkov. Pavel Alekseevich Tuchkov 3rd ... Wikipedia

Award medal in honor of the 100th anniversary of the victory in the Patriotic War of 1812. Caption: "This glorious year has passed, but the deeds done in it will not pass" The Patriotic War of 1812 left a deep imprint on the mind Russian society, in ... Wikipedia

Building of the Moscow City Duma Foundation date 2012 Location ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Battle of Smolensk. Battle for Smolensk (1812) Patriotic War of 1812 ... Wikipedia

- ... Wikipedia

Books

• Military gallery of 1812, Martirosova Maria Albertovna. The book introduces the collection of portraits of Russian heroes of the war of 1812-1814 - the "War Gallery" of the Hermitage, the main work of the English artist of the X YIII – X I X centuries. D. Doe. The book contains biographical ...
• Military Gallery of 1812 George Doe, A. Pantileeva (ed.-comp.). The book introduces the collection of portraits of Russian heroes of the war of 1812-1814 - the "War Gallery" of the Hermitage, the main work of the English artist of the X YIII – X I X centuries. D. Doe. The book contains biographical ...

Published at the behest of the Sovereign Emperor. , 89 l. L. heliogravure and phototypes on expensive cardboard paper, 294, pages of text on vellum paper. There are 329 portraits 11.4x9.8 cm in alphabetical order of the names of the depicted faces of the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812. 4 portraits per sheet in a gold ornamental frame. In addition, there are 4 more large full-length portraits of Emperor Alexander I, Tsarevich and Grand Duke Kostantin Pavlovich, Prince M.B. Barclay de Tolly and Prince M.I. Golenishchev-Kutuzov, made with heliogravure. Also given are 2 large views Military gallery, executed with heliogravure. All portraits of the "Military Gallery of 1812", except for the large portrait of Emperor Alexander I, belonging to the brush of Kruger, were painted in the first half of the 20s of the XIX century by an English artist specially summoned for this in 1819 to St. Petersburg, the famous portrait painter Georg Dau (Dawe), at the behest of Emperor Alexander I. Many of Dau's portraits were painted from nature, others from the most faithful images. Following the collection of portraits, in the second half of the book, a reference text is placed in the same order, which makes it possible to get acquainted with the official activities, mainly in the troops and especially in the era of the wars with Napoleon, of all those persons depicted in the portraits. This information is not biographies, but only abbreviated track records, which, by the way, give a short list of military exploits and awards of each figure of that glorious era. Painstaking work, as service records, performed by the secretary of the Imperial Russian Historical Society A.A. Golombievsky. In a publisher's green calico binding with artistic gold and silver embossing and 3 more colors on the front cover. Original light green endpapers with floral ornament... Format: 42x35 cm.Weight 8.5 kg. This deluxe edition was printed in small numbers not for sale. A rarity in this form!

Bibliographic sources:

1. Antique catalog of the Joint Stock Island "Mezhdunarodny Kniga" No. 22, Military. Army and Navy. Moscow, 1933, No. 428.

2. Antique catalog of the Joint Stock Island "Mezhdunarodny Kniga" 50, Military history. History of the Russian Army. Moscow, 1934, No. 124.

3. Bibliographic index of literature and recommended prices for the section "Russian history" Mosbukkniga, no. 67, 250 rubles!

Nikolay Mikhailovich (1859-1919) – Grand Duke, General of Infantry, Freemason. Participated in Russian-Turkish war 1877-1878, served in the Cavalry Regiment. Introduced huge contribution into Russian historical science, published a number of publications and studies about the era of Alexander I. They are devoted to the personality of the emperor himself and his associates, diplomatic relations between Russia and France. He owns the famous publication "Russian portraits XVIII and 19th century". The Grand Duke was chairman of the Imperial Russian Historical and Geographical Society, director of the museum Alexander III... Nikolai Mikhailovich made huge collection butterflies. M. Dobuzhinsky, S. Diaghilev, A. Benois maintained friendly relations with him, he was familiar with French politicians R. Poincaré and J. Clemenceau. In 1915 he was awarded the doctoral degree in Russian history on the recommendation of the professors of Moscow University. He shared the views of the opposition Duma majority on the critical situation in the country and welcomed the Provisional Government. He spoke out against the involvement of Russia in the First world war, predicted impending social upheavals. He was shot by the Bolsheviks in the Peter and Paul Fortress: A.V. Lunacharsky and M. Gorky, V.I. Lenin gave permission for him, but at that time Nikolai Mikhailovich had already been executed. Its literary archive was acquired by the Royal Berlin Academy.

Gazina Alina Dmitrievna

The creative work of Gazina Alina is highly appreciated jury of the All-Russian annual festival creativity of cadets "YOUNG TALENTS OF THE FATHERLAND" in the nomination "Journalism".

(the festival was held in accordance with state program « Patriotic education citizens Russian Federation for 2011-2015 ". Creative theme festival

2012 was the 200th anniversary of the victory in the Patriotic War of 1812) and the II Degree Diploma at the Fifth Interregional Philological Megaproject “Leafing Through the Calendar. War of 1812 "

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Preview:

Gallery of heroes of 1812

Essay

Completed by the pupil of the 31st platoon

MBOU "Uvarovsky cadet corps

Them. St. George the Victorious "

GAZINA ALINA DMITRIEVNA

Supervisor:

Russian language and literature teacher

Ageeva Marina Viktorovna

Uvarovo

2013

Gallery of heroes of 1812

(Military gallery of the Winter Palace)

Essay

In a crowded crowd, the artist placed

Here the chiefs of our people's forces

Covered in the glory of a wonderful march

AND eternal memory twelfth year.

A.S. Pushkin

2012 marks the 200th anniversary of the Victory of the Russian people in the Patriotic War of 1812. This was the greatest test for the Russian people. Both ordinary men and the army showed high heroism and courage and dispelled the myth of Napoleon's invincibility, freeing their Fatherland from foreign invaders. This war revealed the mighty forces of the people, showed best qualities Russian nation, love for the Motherland, courage, self-sacrifice. The Patriotic War showed a glorious galaxy of outstanding generals and military leaders.

I wanted to visit the Gallery of the Heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812, housed in the Hermitage. It is she who is a kind of echo of those heroic days. The military gallery of 1812 became a monument to the feat of the Russian army and military leaders. On the walls of the gallery are portraits of participants in the war with Napoleon of 1812-1814, painted by George Doe and his Petersburg assistants A.V. Polyakov and V.A. Golike.

Here in front of me, in the middle of the gallery, are two portraits in full height... They depict the famous field marshals M.I.Kutuzov and Barclay de Tolly. How majestic Kutuzov is in a general's uniform and greatcoat, with a ribbon and orders on his chest - the star of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, with the stars of the orders of St. George, St. Vladimir, Maria Theresa and with a portrait of Alexander I!

The portrait of Barclay de Tolly, like the portrait of Kutuzov, belongs to the best works artist. A tall figure, pulled into a narrow uniform, stands alone against the background of a camp of Russian troops near Paris. And the sky above him is still darkened by a heavy cloud - the last echo of a noisy military storm.

But Bagration ... A talented military leader, a brave general, one of the most glorious and beloved by the people heroes of the Patriotic War. "Prince Peter" - so affectionately called Bagration Suvorov. In the portrait of the Military Gallery, Bagration is depicted wearing a general's uniform with gold embroidery in the form of oak leaves on the collar. Exactly as the artist portrayed him - with a blue Andreevskaya ribbon, with three stars of the orders of Andrei, George and Vladimir and many order crosses - Bagration was seen in the Battle of Borodino. His face expresses the calmness and intransigence characteristic of him during the fight.

And this is the famous hussar and poet - Denis Vasilyevich Davydov, hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, commander partisan detachment from hussars and cossacks. He terrified the enemy. The fame of Davydov's military exploits went beyond the borders of Russia, they wrote about him in many European magazines and newspapers. In the portrait, we see that Davydov's face is directly facing the viewer, and his shoulders are turned almost in profile. He is confident in himself and feels relaxed and at ease. D. Davydov's eyes are wide open and look attentively into the distance. It is felt that this person is not only a brave warrior, but also deeply feeling, clever man... A bright spot in the picture stands out the hero's mentic, embroidered with gold laces and trimmed with black batik.

But why was this portrait chosen for the Military Gallery? After all, many people know the portrait of Davydov by Orest Kiprensky: a gallant hussar in a red mentik, embroidered with gold braids, in white leggings, stands proudly, leaning on a column. In his left hand is a saber. The ARTIST pays the main attention to the face of a warrior and a thinker, in which there is spirituality, dreamy pensiveness, lyrical elation. Davydov's emphatically relaxed pose creates an image full of energy and personal dignity, fused with a sense of military honor. Such an interpretation of the image of the colonel expresses the idea of ​​the ideal warrior - the defender of the fatherland, prevailing in Russian society at the beginning of the century. This portrait was highly appreciated by the contemporary art critic MV Alpatov: “In his figure there is a hussar bravado and Russian prowess, and at the same time it is guessed that he is capable of both a lively, passionate feeling and thought. Davydov stands leaning slightly against the stone slab, his calmness is not disturbed by the quick glance of black eyes. A bright ray falls on the white leggings of the hussar, and this light spot, combined with the red color of the mentic, softens the shine of the golden braids. "

Maybe there is some explanation for the fact that the work of George Doe, and not Orest Kiprensky was placed in the Hermitage? Searching through directories surprised me! It turns out that the portrait of an elegant hussar with a pensive gaze depicts not Denis Davydov, but his cousin, Evgraf Davydov! And this mistake is one hundred and forty years old! The fate of Evgraf Davydov was both happy and tragic. Admirable military career Evgraf Davydov: in 1797 he was a cornet, and by 1807 he was already a colonel! The Life Guards Hussar Regiment, in which he served, Evgraf equipped with his own money. In 1805 he fights at Austerlitz, in 1812 - near Ostrovnoy, a bullet pierces his arm, and Evgraf is sent for treatment: the Battle of Borodino passes without him. In 1813, the colonel returned to service and after the battle at Lutzen, Emperor Alexander I, admired by his courage, presented him with a golden sword with diamonds, on which the words "For courage" were carved. It differs in the battles of Bautzen and Pirn, and in Bohemia (the Kulm battle), the hussars of Evgraf Davydov completely destroy the 1st army corps of the French general Dominique Vandam. And 38-year-old Evgraf becomes a general! The "Battle of the Nations" near Leipzig in August 1813 turned Evgraf Davydov into a cripple: he lost his left leg and right hand below the elbow. For this battle, he received the Order of George 3rd degree, the Austrian Commander's Cross of the Order of Leopold and the Prussian Order of the Red Eagle 2nd class. Upon retirement, he was promoted to major general. Evgraf Davydov died at the age of forty-eighth, and only in the portrait by Kiprensky did he forever remain a handsome hussar, a favorite of women and a darling of fate ...

Here is a portrait of a middle-aged man in a general's uniform. His soft smile and attentive gaze make him stop. This is Alexei Vasilyevich Voeikov, general, poet and translator. Voeikov is a hereditary nobleman, a native of the village of Rasskazovo, Tambov province. In the Battle of Borodino, he commanded a brigade in the battles for the village of Shevardino, participated in the battles of Tarutin, Maloyaroslavets and Krasny, holder of the orders of St. Anna and St. Vladimir, was awarded two golden swords "For Bravery". The wounds received during the war undermined the hero's health. He retires and settles in the estate of his wife Staraya Olshanka (now the village of Krasnoe Znamya, Uvarovsky district). In memory of her husband, Vera Nikolaevna Voeikova built the Church of the Resurrection of Christ, which was considered one of the brightest pearls of Tambov Orthodoxy. The Old Olshanka estate was destroyed by time and people, but the temple has survived. This architectural monument although slowly, it is being restored, and this, I think, will be a wonderful tribute to the memory of General Voeikov, whose portrait rightfully occupies a worthy place in the Gallery of Heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812 ...

Unfortunately, I have never been to St. Petersburg, I have not personally admired the masterpieces of the Hermitage, but virtual tour to the gallery of Heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812 allowed me to get acquainted not only with portrait painting, but also with a few bright pages of glorious military history our Fatherland.

*
"I will take you to the museum," my sister told me ... "

Today I invite you to the museum. But, the museum is too big, so only a piece of it.
Hermitage Museum. How long have you been there? Petersburgers are infrequent, on occasion. Every few years. Sometimes - once ... in a lifetime.
This time I was amazed at the renovated Gallery. She became light again! Let's talk about her ...


Photo from the official website of the Hermitage.

Historical reference:

The military gallery of 1812 was created in 1826 according to the project of K. Rossi in the front part of the Winter Palace. It precedes the Great Throne (Georgievsky) Hall. The walls of the gallery are decorated with 12 stucco laurel wreaths with the names of the most important battles of 1812-814. More than 300 portraits represent the heroes of the war with Napoleon, who glorified Russia with their exploits.

Grand opening The gallery took place during the reign of Nicholas I, on the anniversary of the expulsion of the French from Russia - December 25, 1826. Soldiers of cavalry and infantry regiments marched through the gallery in a ceremonial march past the portraits of military leaders, under whose command they valiantly fought in 1812-1814.

Therefore, we walk through the same hall, past the same paintings as Alexander Sergeevich!
It amazes me personally! Especially in this hall, I walk with special reverence ... And I read:




Grigory Grigorievich Chernetsov sketched this in the year of its opening:


And then it was slightly reconstructed and the ceiling, for example, became different. Here is a painting by E.P. Gau, 1862.


The last reconstruction deprived us of seeing the gallery for a while.
Due to the significant deterioration of the roof of the Gallery in 1812 (the last renovation was carried out in the 1960s), the directorate State Hermitage decided to reconstruct the roof and skylights. After the repair of the skylights in January 2001, the installation of a new roof began. And the ceiling shone again!

Up to the ceiling - portraits of Heroes.

For example, Golenishchev-Kutuzov. But, not the same, not Field Marshal Mikhail Illarionovich, he is in the next picture. And Pavel Vasilyevich, then became the military governor-general of St. Petersburg, is also cool!

And here, for example, a representative of a glorious surnamePalen Pavel Petrovich von der (1775-1834), Count, General of the Cavalry (still Lieutenant General). Interestingly, he is also the son of the military governor-general of St. Petersburg P.A. von der Palen, erected on 22.2.1799 in the dignity of count.




And this is just cat... A representative of the famous family of the Hermitage cats. Which are fed at the expense of the Hermitage. And they, occasionally, overcoming satiety, deign to work ... :))




We saw only one hundredth part of the Hermitage. Come back often!

And I was pleased to see that my favorite impressionists were in place, in place, and knights in Lilliputian armor.

On the third floor I approached Renoir's girl. "Hello, girl," I said, "how long have I seen you ..."
“Oh, hello,” she answered and laughed cheerfully, “why didn’t you come for so long? We missed you…"
My eyes were moist. And my heart felt warm and calm ... :)
I will come again ... After all, they are waiting for us here ... Very much.