The theme of the civil war in the works of Sholokhov. The Great Patriotic War in the works of Sholokhov M.A.

Great Patriotic War passed through the fates of millions Soviet people, leaving behind a difficult memory: pain, anger, suffering, fear. During the war, many lost their dearest and closest people, many experienced severe hardships. Rethinking of military events and human actions occurs later. Works of art appear in literature in which, through the prism of the author’s perception, an assessment of what is happening in difficult times is given. wartime.
Mikhail Sholokhov could not ignore the topic that concerned everyone and therefore wrote short story“The Fate of Man”, touching on the issue heroic epic. At the center of the story are wartime events that changed the life of Andrei Sokolov, the main character of the work. The writer does not describe military events in detail; this is not the author’s task. The writer’s goal is to show the key episodes that influenced the development of the hero’s personality. The most important event in the life of Andrei Sokolov there is captivity. It is in the hands of the fascists, in the face of mortal danger, that various sides of the character’s character are revealed, it is here that the war appears to the reader without embellishment, revealing the essence of people: the vile, vile traitor Kryzhnev; a real doctor who “did his great work both in captivity and in the dark”; “such a skinny, snub-nosed guy,” platoon commander. Andrei Sokolov had to endure inhuman torment in captivity, but the main thing is that he managed to preserve his honor and dignity. The climax of the story is the scene at Commandant Muller's, where the exhausted, hungry, tired hero was brought, but even there he showed the enemy the strength of the Russian soldier. Andrei Sokolov’s action (he drank three glasses of vodka without a snack: he didn’t want to choke on a handout) surprised Muller: “That’s it, Sokolov, you are a real Russian soldier. You are a brave soldier." The war appears to the reader without embellishment: after escaping from captivity, already in the hospital, the hero receives terrible news from home about the death of his family: his wife and two daughters. The heavy war machine spares no one: neither women nor children. The final blow fate - the death of the eldest son Anatoly on May 9, Victory Day, at the hands of a German sniper.
War takes away the most precious things from people: family, loved ones. In parallel with the life of Andrei Sokolov, storyline little boy Vanyusha, whom the war also made an orphan, depriving his relatives of his mother and father.
This is the assessment the writer gives to his two heroes: “Two orphaned people, two grains of sand, thrown into foreign lands by a military hurricane of unprecedented force...”. War condemns people to suffering, but it also develops will, character, when one wants to believe “that this Russian man, a man of unbending will, will endure, and near his father’s shoulder will grow one who, having matured, will be able to endure everything, overcome everything on his way.” , if his homeland calls for it.”

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1. In our time, the attitude towards Sholokhov’s work is very ambiguous. Now, decades later, we know that the novel “Virgin Soil Upturned” was written by order of Stalin, and therefore, the purpose of this work was to praise the era of collectivization. But the modern reader has a completely different attitude towards Read More......
2. Turning to the story “The Fate of a Man,” first of all, one should remember that M. Sholokhov, through the fate of a specific hero, shows the life of an entire people. This work is not just a narrative about military events, but also, of course, a study of the internal tragedy of an individual. Read More......
3. Sholokhov is one of those writers for whom reality is often revealed in tragic situations and destinies. The story “The Fate of Man” is a true confirmation of this. For Sholokhov it was very important to succinctly and deeply concentrate the experience of the war in the story. Under the pen of Sholokhov this Read More......
4. “I saw and see my task as a writer in that with everything that I have written and will write, I should repay the debt to this working people, this heroic people.” These words of M. Sholokhov, in my opinion, in the most precise way reflect the idea of ​​one of best works writer, story “The Fate of Man”. Read More......
5. Humanistic theme in M. Sholokhov's story The Fate of Man. Writers have always thought about humanism. In the 20th century, the humanistic theme was also heard in works dedicated to the events of the Great Patriotic War. War is a tragedy. It brings destruction and sacrifice, separation and death. Read More......
6. The problem of a person’s moral choice has always been especially significant in Russian literature. It is in difficult situations doing this or that moral choice, a person truly reveals his true moral qualities, showing how worthy he is of the title of Man. The story of M. A. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man” Read More ......
7. Without a doubt, the work of M. Sholokhov is known all over the world. His role in world literature is enormous, for this man in his works raised the most problematic issues surrounding reality. In my opinion, a feature of Sholokhov’s work is his objectivity and ability to convey events Read More......
8. The Great Patriotic War left a deep mark on the history of our country. She showed all her cruelty and inhumanity. It is no coincidence that the theme of war is reflected in many works of our writers. With the power of their talent, they showed all the horror of military events, the difficulties that befell Read More......

If the enemy attacks our country, we, writers, at the call of the party and government, will put down our pen and take up another weapon in our hands, so that with the salvo of the rifle corps, which Comrade Voroshilov spoke about, we will fly and defeat the enemy and our lead, heavy and hot, like our hatred for fascism! Having defeated our enemies, we will also write books about how we defeated these enemies. These books will serve our people and will remain as an edification to those of the invaders who accidentally end up not killed...” Preparing for military trials, Sholokhov was full of plans and plans. He is working on completing the second book of “Virgin Soil Upturned”, the hall is washing new novel about the work of the collective farm intelligentsia big changes in the village. The writer puts in a lot of effort social activities.
In July 1941, the regimental commissar of the reserve Sholokhov was drafted into the army and, together with others Soviet writers went to the front. He took part in the battles near Smolensk on Western Front, near Rostov - on the Southern Front, shared harsh days with the soldiers Battle of Stalingrad, walked along front roads to the very borders of Germany.
In the summer of 1943, Sholokhov addressed a letter to the American people, in which, on behalf of the citizens of the union country, he offered friendship, called for the fight against the Nazis, and pointed out possible consequences the slowness and hesitation of the allies. “The war entered the fate of each of us with all the weight that comes with the attempt of one nation to completely destroy and absorb another... The events of the front, the events of the total war in the life of each of us have already left their indelible mark...
On the first anniversary of the war, Sholokhov published in Pravda the story “The Science of Hatred,” imbued with journalistic passion and unshakable confidence in the triumph of a just cause. Giving high praise to this work, Pravda wrote a few days later: “How unquenchable hatred for the enemy is born in the heart of a Red Army soldier, the writer Mikhail Sholokhov recently described in his wonderful fiction story “The Science of Hatred.” The author based this story on actual events that one of the war participants told him about at the front. The fighter really did not want his relatives to know about his military hardships, about the difficult trials he experienced in fascist captivity, and asked not to use his last name. And Sholokhov had no need to isolate himself within the framework of private fate. Drawing close up the character of Lieutenant Gerasimov, who underwent the “science of hatred” in severe battles with the enemy,
The writer artistically visibly revealed national character of a Russian man, separated by war from peaceful labor, showed the formation and hardening of a Soviet soldier.
“The Science of Hate” and “The Science of Victory” are organically interconnected, one is unthinkable without the other.
The will to life and resistance, the desire to live in order to fight, the high military spirit of Gerasimov, who went through the school of hatred of the enemy, the ineradicable thirst for victory are revealed by Sholokhov as typical national traits of the Russian people, which unfolded with all their might in the years great battle.
The ending of the story is connected with the metaphorical introduction to it. The writer fills the detailed artistic comparison on which the entire story is built with great inner meaning, illuminating the entire narrative and giving it artistic integrity. With gray temples, Gerasimov, who suddenly smiled “a simple and sweet, childish smile,” Sholokhov compares to a mighty oak tree. The lieutenant is broken by the experience, but his “gray hair, gained by great hardships,” is pure, his vitality is not broken. He is powerful and strong, like an oak. Such are all the people who feed on the life-giving juices of their native land. He will not be broken by any, even the most difficult, trials and difficulties. People, full of life and the will to fight, imbued with sacred hatred for his sworn enemy and ardent filial love to the Motherland, invincible. That's what he claimed great humanist and patriot Sholokhov in the harshest days of the Great Patriotic War

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1. On the pages prose works we find a kind of chronicle of the war, reliably conveying all stages of the great battle Soviet people with Hitler's fascism. Russian literature has become literature of one theme - the theme of war, the theme of the Motherland. The writers breathed the same breath with the struggling people and felt Read More......
2. “He stood at the gates of his home and held his son in his arms. This was all that was left in his life, What still connected him with the earth and with this whole huge world shining under the cold sun.” M. Sholokhov Pioneers Read More ......
3. Russian writer Mikhail Sholokhov was born on May 11 on the Kruzhilinsky farm in the village of Veshenskaya into a peasant family. He studied at a parochial school, eventually at a gymnasium, completing four classes. The beginning of the revolution and civil war prevented the future writer from continuing his education. Sholokhov served in the stanitsa Read More......
4. Above the epic novel “ Quiet Don“M. Sholokhov worked for 15 years, from 1925 to 1940. In 1925, young Sholokhov decided to write great novel about life Don Cossacks. He wanted to show the Cossacks in the revolution. But the scope of the work gradually expanded. Read More......
5. In the exhibition, the author calmly talks about the signs of the first post-war spring; he seems to be preparing us for a meeting with the main character, Andrei Sokolov, whose eyes, “as if sprinkled with ashes, filled with an inescapable mortal melancholy.” He recalls the past with restraint, wearily, before confession he Read More......
6. In 1932 in the magazine “ New world“The first part of the novel “Virgin Soil Upturned” was published. This book had an unusual fate. The Great Patriotic War began, M. Sholokhov went to the front from its first days. Work on the novel was interrupted for a long time. In Read More......
7. Journalism in Yevtushenko's poetry coexists with lyrics. It was his masterful reading of lyric poetry that ensured his unprecedented popularity in the 1960s. However, the attitude towards the poet has always been uneven. Admiring his original, imaginative, memorable lines, the reader did not forgive him for unjustified lengths, banalities, and superficiality. Read More......
8. In the article “A few words about the book “War and Peace,” published in 1868, at the time of completion of the novel, Tolstoy explained his depiction of the war with reference to his own military experience. In the Caucasian and Sevastopol stories, much was actually found that would later expand and develop Read More ......

The Great Patriotic War passed through the destinies of millions of Soviet people, leaving behind a difficult memory: pain, anger, suffering, fear. During the war, many lost their dearest and closest people, many experienced severe hardships. Rethinking of military events and human actions occurs later. Works of art appear in literature in which, through the prism of the author’s perception, an assessment of what is happening in difficult wartimes is given.

Mikhail Sholokhov could not ignore the topic that worried everyone and therefore wrote a short story “The Fate of a Man”, touching on the issues of the heroic epic. At the center of the story are wartime events that changed the life of Andrei Sokolov, the main character of the work. The writer does not describe military events in detail; this is not the author’s task. The writer’s goal is to show the key episodes that influenced the development of the hero’s personality. The most important event in the life of Andrei Sokolov is captivity. It is in the hands of the fascists, in the face of mortal danger, that various sides of the character’s character are revealed, it is here that the war appears to the reader without embellishment, revealing the essence of people: the vile, vile traitor Kryzhnev; a real doctor who “did his great work both in captivity and in the dark”; “such a skinny, snub-nosed guy,” platoon commander. Andrei Sokolov had to endure inhuman torment in captivity, but the main thing is that he managed to preserve his honor and dignity. The climax of the story is the scene at Commandant Muller's, where the exhausted, hungry, tired hero was brought, but even there he showed the enemy the strength of the Russian soldier. Andrei Sokolov’s action (he drank three glasses of vodka without a snack: he didn’t want to choke on a handout) surprised Muller: “That’s what, Sokolov, you are a real Russian soldier. You are a brave soldier." The war appears to the reader without embellishment: after escaping from captivity, already in the hospital, the hero receives terrible news from home about the death of his family: his wife and two daughters. The heavy war machine spares no one: neither women nor children. The final blow of fate was the death of Anatoly’s eldest son on May 9, Victory Day, at the hands of a German sniper.

War takes away the most precious things from people: family, loved ones. In parallel with the life of Andrei Sokolov, the storyline of the little boy Vanyusha, whom the war also made an orphan, depriving his relatives of his mother and father, also develops.

This is the assessment the writer gives to his two heroes: “Two orphaned people, two grains of sand, thrown into foreign lands by a military hurricane of unprecedented force...”. War condemns people to suffering, but it also develops will, character, when one wants to believe “that this Russian man, a man of unbending will, will endure, and near his father’s shoulder will grow one who, having matured, will be able to endure everything, overcome everything on his way.” , if his homeland calls for it.”

The Great Patriotic War passed through the destinies of millions of Soviet people, leaving behind a difficult memory: pain, anger, suffering, fear. During the war, many lost their dearest and closest people, many experienced severe hardships. Rethinking of military events and human actions occurs later. Works of art appear in literature in which, through the prism of the author’s perception, an assessment of what is happening in difficult wartimes is given.

Mikhail Sholokhov could not ignore the topic that worried everyone and therefore wrote a short story “The Fate of a Man”, touching on the issues of the heroic epic. At the center of the story are wartime events that changed the life of Andrei Sokolov, the main character of the work. The writer does not describe military events in detail; this is not the author’s task. The writer’s goal is to show the key episodes that influenced the development of the hero’s personality. The most important event in the life of Andrei Sokolov is captivity. It is in the hands of the fascists, in the face of mortal danger, that various sides of the character’s character are revealed, it is here that the war appears to the reader without embellishment, revealing the essence of people: the vile, vile traitor Kryzhnev; a real doctor who “did his great work both in captivity and in the dark”; “such a skinny, snub-nosed guy,” platoon commander. Andrei Sokolov had to endure inhuman torment in captivity, but the main thing is that he managed to preserve his honor and dignity. The climax of the story is the scene at Commandant Muller's, where the exhausted, hungry, tired hero was brought, but even there he showed the enemy the strength of the Russian soldier. Andrei Sokolov’s action (he drank three glasses of vodka without a snack: he didn’t want to choke on a handout) surprised Muller: “That’s what, Sokolov, you are a real Russian soldier. You are a brave soldier." The war appears to the reader without embellishment: after escaping from captivity, already in the hospital, the hero receives terrible news from home about the death of his family: his wife and two daughters. The heavy war machine spares no one: neither women nor children. The final blow of fate was the death of Anatoly’s eldest son on May 9, Victory Day, at the hands of a German sniper.

War takes away the most precious things from people: family, loved ones. In parallel with the life of Andrei Sokolov, the storyline of the little boy Vanyusha, whom the war also made an orphan, depriving his relatives of his mother and father, also develops.

This is the assessment the writer gives to his two heroes: “Two orphaned people, two grains of sand, thrown into foreign lands by a military hurricane of unprecedented force...”. War condemns people to suffering, but it also develops will, character, when one wants to believe “that this Russian man, a man of unbending will, will endure, and near his father’s shoulder will grow one who, having matured, will be able to endure everything, overcome everything on his way.” , if his homeland calls for it.”

Other works on the topic:

The story was written during the Khrushchev Thaw. Sholokhov was a participant. Great Patriotic War. There he heard the life story of one soldier. She really touched him. Sholokhov harbored the idea of ​​writing this story for a long time.

In my novel. Upturned virgin soil. Mikhail Sholokhov introduces us to many heroes, including his grandfather. Shchukar and Makar Nagulnov and Semyon Davydov and Varya and Lushka and many others. Everyone has their own destiny and everyone is different and happy or tragic in their own way.

IN next group The main theme of the stories is the return of a soldier from the war. This topic is explored in two short stories - “Very short story" and "At Home". In “A Very Short Story,” the theme is only outlined and the story is of greater interest.

(based on the story “The Fate of Man” by M. Sholokhov) Literature about war is the memory of the people about the formidable and tragic years. This memory is carried in the stories of V.V. Bykov, B.L. Vasilyev, A.I. Adamovich and many other works. Books about the war remind us of the high cost of victory and in what difficult conditions at the front the character of people was tested and strengthened.

If you step away from it for a while historical events, then it can be noted that the basis of M.A. Sholokhov’s novel “Quiet Don” is a traditional love triangle.

(based on the story “The Fate of a Man” by M. Sholokhov) At the end of 1956, M. A. Sholokhov published his story “The Fate of a Man.” This is a story about common man on big war. The Russian man went through all the horrors of the war imposed on him and, at the cost of enormous, irreparable personal losses and tragic deprivations, defended his homeland, asserting the great right to life, freedom and independence of his homeland.

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov entered our literature as the creator of broad epic canvases - the novels “Quiet Don”, “Virgin Soil Upturned”. If the era is at the center of interests of Sholokhov the novelist, then the person is at the center of the interests of Sholokhov the novelist. Among the most striking images in world literature is the image of Andrei Sokolov from the story of Sholokhov

My Sholokhov M.A. I discovered Sholokhov this year. We are accustomed to the fact that discoveries happen in science and technology, but I think in literature they are found at every step. In any writer a person finds something close to his worldview. And Sholokhov became such a discovery for me. His “Don Stories”, “Quiet Don”, “Virgin Soil Upturned” made me look at some things differently and think about a lot.

I first became acquainted with Sholokhov’s works in the eleventh grade. I was immediately fascinated by the plot of the novel “Virgin Soil Upturned,” but when I read the epic story “The Fate of a Man,” I was doubly amazed: this work allowed me to see the true greatness, strength and beauty of an ordinary Russian man, Andrei Sokolov.

Second world war- this is the greatest tragic lesson for both man and humanity. More than fifty million victims, a countless number of destroyed villages and cities, the tragedy of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which shook the world, forced man to take a closer look at himself and re-respond to

The theme of World War II has found its rightful place in the works of many famous masters words. One of them is the Russian writer Mikhail Sholokhov. Just like in creativity German writer Heinrich Bell, the story permeates the idea: war is unnatural and inhumane.

During the Great Patriotic War, Sholokhov, in military correspondence, essays, and the story “The Science of Hate,” exposed the anti-human nature of the war unleashed by the Nazis, revealed the heroism of the Soviet people and love for the Motherland. And in the novel “They Fought for the Motherland,” the Russian national character was deeply revealed, clearly manifested in the days of difficult trials.

Twelve years after the Great Patriotic War in 1957, M.A. Sholokhov writes the story “The Fate of a Man”, the main character of which is a simple Russian man - Andrei Sokolov.

The problem of a person’s moral choice has always been especially significant in Russian literature. It is in difficult situations, making one or another moral choice, that a person truly reveals his true moral qualities, showing how worthy he is of the title of Man.

Author: Sholokhov M.A. L.N. Tolstoy wrote about his epic novel “War and Peace” that the artist who creates a work based on historical material and the historian himself have different creative tasks. If the historian strives for an objective transmission of events, then the artist is primarily interested in the person taking part in them, the motives of actions, the train of thoughts, the movement of feelings.

The theme of the intelligentsia and revolution in Russian literature of the 20th century (B. Lavrenev “The Forty-First”, A. Tolstoy “The Viper”)

The humanistic theme in M.A. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of Man.” Author: Sholokhov M.A. “I saw and see my task as a writer in that with everything that I have written and will write, I should repay the debt to this working people, this heroic people.” These words of M. Sholokhov, in my opinion, most accurately reflect the idea of ​​one of the writer’s best works, the story “The Fate of a Man.”

Russian character (About the story "The Fate of a Man") Author: Sholokhov M.A. Clear, convincing in its simplicity and harsh truth, the work of M. Sholokhov still makes the reader indignant and shudder, passionately love and keenly hate.

THE FATE OF THE PEASANTRY IN THE WORKS OF M.A. SHOLOKHOV. In Soviet times, the topic of the fate of the Russian village became almost the leading one, and the question of the great turning point

My thoughts on M.A. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man” Author: Sholokhov M.A. I recently read M.A. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man.” In general, I never liked works on a military theme, so I opened the beginning of the story reluctantly. But literally after a couple of pages I was already piqued with interest. I really liked the style and style of the writer.

A title in a work of art is one of the ways to express the author’s position. It either reflects the essence of the conflicting works, or names key episode or main character, or the main idea of ​​the work is expressed.

Image folk character in the works of A.T. Tvardovsky and M.A. Sholokhov (Vasily Terkin and Andrei Sokolov) Let us remember the time in which the works of Tvardovsky and Sholokhov were created. Stalin's inhumane policies were already triumphant in the country, general fear and suspicion penetrated all layers of society, collectivization and its consequences destroyed centuries-old agriculture and undermined the best forces of the people.

Each person has his own destiny, some are happy with it, some are not, and some see the meaning of life only in blaming all their troubles on fate. In Sholokhov's story "The Fate of Man" the fate of the entire people was shown through the fate of a simple worker, because... During the war years, such a life could be repeated many times.

Part of the finished work:

Introduction 3
1. The writer’s first works about the war 5
2. Features of the depiction of the Great Patriotic War in the works of M. Sholokhov 6
3. The novel “They Fought for the Motherland” as an author’s attempt to create a panorama of the Great Patriotic War 8
4. War on the pages of the story “The Fate of Man” 12
5. Military journalism in the works of Mikhail Sholokhov 15
Conclusion 17
Literature 19

References

• 1. Biryukov F. Sholokhov. – M., 1998

2. Biryukov F.G. Courage: Military prose and journalism M.A. Sholokhov // Our contemporaries, 1980, No. 5.

3. Biryukov F.G. Artistic discoveries Mikhail Sholokhov. - M., 1980.

• 4.BocharovaA. Man and war. – M., 1978
• 5. Britikov A.F. The mastery of Mikhail Sholokhov. – M., 1964
• 6. Mikhailov O.N. Mikhail Sholokhov. Life. Fate. Creativity. - M., 1976.
• 7. Novikov V. The visual power of Sholokhov’s word. – //Literary studies, 1985 No. 3

8. SivovolovG. Mikhail Sholokhov. Biography pages. – Rostov-on-Don, 1995.

9. Khvatov A.I. Art world Sholokhov. – M., 1970.

• 10. Sholokhov M.A. Collected works in 8 volumes - M., 1960
• 11. Yurkovich M. Sholokhov about the fate of man // Foreign literature, 1984, No. 6

• Excerpt from work

  1. The writer’s first works about the war
  All the works of Mikhail Sholokhov, his stories, novels, are a single Book about the destinies of the Russian people in different stages formation and development of the state. The beginning of this great book, which reflected the path of the artist himself, shared with the people, was “Don Stories”. This is the first work of art, which introduced the military theme in the works of M. Sholokhov.
  Thematically, “Don Stories” are related to the years of the Civil War, most of them are about the great national tragedy of this war, about the difficult and bloody overcoming of hostility on the Don. The writer’s very first collection included the stories “Birthmark”, “Shibalkovo’s Seed”, “Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic”, “Shepherd”, “Kolovert”, “Alyoshka’s Heart”, “Two-Married”, “Melon Plant”.
  In the center of the collection tragic reality Don region, which was engulfed in the flames of civil war. At this moment, the struggle was not for life, but for death, even the most bloody, family ties, and people died “disgustingly simply.”
  In the preface to this collection, A. Serafimovich wrote: “Like a steppe flower, Sholokhov’s stories stand out like a living spot. It’s simple, bright, and you feel what is being told – it’s right before your eyes. Compressed, and this compression is full of life, tension and truth. There is a sense of proportion in acute moments, and that is why they permeate. Subtle grasping eye. The ability to select the most characteristic ones from many.”
  "Don Stories" opened completely new page still young Soviet literature. At the same time, this small collection became proof of the writer’s original talent; the author was able to show his close connection with the destinies of the people. It is also important to note that through these stories the young writer saw and showed the history of the people who went through the crucible of revolution and civil war, and he also managed to connect together with the life of the entire people the life and struggle of the Don Cossacks in this harsh and cruel time. In this small collection at the same time we see and author's position in relation to war as a way to resolve conflict. Sholokhov could never come to terms with the fact that the need to serve any idea required evidence through cruelty towards even close people.