Long titles of works by Russian classics. Classic books everyone should read

I will quit smoking on Monday. Next week I will start running and join the gym. At the weekend I'll clean up the room and find a job. You have to do more, right?

2019 has landed on our shoulders. It's time to get off the couch, open your eyes, drink mineral water and finally start. I have compiled for you 2 lists of books of world and Russian literature, which you should familiarize yourself with at least in 2016, if you have not done so before. Let's start, perhaps, with the "boring" Russian classics. Listen!

Fyodor Dostoevsky "Dream of a Ridiculous Man"

Have you thought about suicide at least once in your life? If not, then this is no reason to bypass Dostoevsky's story. Everyone knows this author purely from the book “Crime and Punishment”, however, in my opinion, in order to fully understand the essence of Dostoevsky, one should start with the story “Dream funny man". How to understand the essence of human existence before the last shot in the head? How to exchange paradise for world wars and hatred of one's neighbor? And most importantly - how not to pull the trigger. The end of the story can be titled with the expression "Cherchez la femme", if you understand why, then everything was not in vain.

Anton Chekhov "Ward number 6"

What do you think, Russian classics under a glass of vodka going better? I have on this account Subjective opinion, but how are things with the views of Comrade Gromov? How to combine reading books, a glass of vodka, a psychiatric hospital and two brilliant people with completely different and at the same time the same views on existence in this world? Such an oxymoron permeates the whole story about sad truth cheerful Chekhov. Have you already figured out how to drink literature?

Evgeny Zamyatin "We"

Yevgeny Zamyatin can be safely considered the founder of the great genre of dystopia. I'm sure if you chose him, then you simply must know such great anti-utopians as Orrwell and Huxley. If these names mean something to you, then without even thinking, get Zamyatin for yourself and start absorbing it with tablespoons. Military system, coupon relations and continuous capital letters. Instead of people. Instead of names. Instead of life.

Leo Tolstoy "Death of Ivan Ilyich"

On the cover of this book, I would write in huge red letters: “Caution! Causes frustration, pain and awareness. Sentimental stupid people are strictly forbidden.” Forget about the hackneyed book "War and Peace", you have a completely different side of Leo Tolstoy, which is worth all the volumes of a huge novel. Trying to find a deep semantic subtext in the story "The Death of Ivan Ilyich", you will miss the most important thing that lies on the surface. A banal, simple truth that is available to everyone, every time eluding us. If you found it in the story, and besides, you learned to live by it, my bow to you and white envy.

Ivan Goncharov "Oblomov"

That's something, and in the novel "Oblomov" to find yourself as easy as shelling pears. Alas. How beautiful is the contemplation of this life from the outside, when the stupid vanity of this world bypasses you. First love that somehow makes you get off the couch, obsessive friends, always trying to pull your lazy ass into the light - how absurd this whole "seething life" is. Avoid it, contemplate, think and dream, dream, dream! If you are a supporter of this statement, congratulations, your soul mate has been found in the protagonist of the novel Oblomov.

Maxim Gorky "Passion-face"

It was not by chance that Gorky's work received such symbolic name"Passion-face", because the story can not be read without trembling in the knees. If you love children too much, don't read. If you are impressionable and emotional - do not read. If girls with syphilis disgust you, don't read. In general, do not listen to me now, open the book and start to get scared harsh realities this life. The social bottom, dirt, vulgarity and yet truly happy, "pure" people in children's and adult swords about impossible happiness.

Nikolai Gogol "Overcoat"

A small person against a huge terrible society, or how to lose everything that is dear to you, even if it is a simple overcoat. A stingy official, an unnecessary environment, a small happiness in exchange for a great disappointment and death as the only logical conclusion. It is on the example of Akaki Bashmachkin that we will consider a large weighty and significant problem of society - the theft of an overcoat.

Anton Chekhov "The Man in the Case"

How do you keep in touch with your work colleagues, classmates or friends? I will advise one great way increase your communication skills - come to visit them and be silent. I give you a 100% guarantee that society will be delighted with you. An umbrella in a case, a watch in a case, a face in a case. A kind of shell behind which a person tries to hide, protect himself from outside world. A man who even managed to shove his sincere love into a case and protect it not only from the object of love, but also from himself. So what about maintaining relationships? Shall we keep quiet?

Alexander Pushkin "The Bronze Horseman"

And again we meet a big problem little man, only this time in Pushkin's The Bronze Horseman. Eugene, Parasha, Peter and a love story, it would seem, what could be more ideal for the plot romantic drama? But no, this is not "Eugene Onegin" for you. We break love, we break a city, we break a person, we add a drop to this symbolic image bronze horseman and get the perfect recipe for one of best poems Pushkin.

Fyodor Dostoevsky "Notes from the Underground"

And the last one on the list of Russian classics will be the one with whom we, in fact, began - the great beloved Dostoevsky. It is no coincidence that I put “Notes from the Underground” in the final place. After all, this work is not just exciting, it is wild in places, so to speak. Increased awareness of being fatal disease. Activity is the lot of the limited and stupid. If you like these interpretations, then you will like Dostoevsky, and if you also humiliated prostitutes at least once in your life, then the "underground" will become your favorite place to stay.

Read about the top 10 foreign classic books in the second part of the book list for 2016. Love Russian classics.

All the romantic pathos that shrouded the Middle Ages is presented in Ivanhoe. Valiant knights, beautiful ladies, castle sieges and the political subtleties of vassal relations - all this found a place in the novel by Walter Scott.

In many ways, it was his creation that contributed to the romanticization of the Middle Ages. The author described historical events, which cover the period in English history after the Third crusade. Of course, there were some serious artistic improvisations and fiction, but this made the story only more exciting and beautiful.

It was impossible not to include in this selection the most famous creation of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. For many schoolchildren, the study of "Dead Souls" is the highlight of the literature lessons.

Nikolai Gogol is one of the few classics who knew how to write about the problems of petty-bourgeois life and Russia as a whole in such a sarcastically direct tone. There is neither the epic heaviness of Tolstoy, nor the unhealthy psychologism of Dostoevsky. Reading is easy and enjoyable. However, hardly anyone will deny him the depth and subtlety of the observed phenomena.

The adventure novel "The Headless Horseman" is multi-layered: detective and love motives are intertwined in it. Plot intricacies create intrigue and keep in suspense until the very last pages books. Who is this headless horseman? A ghost, a figment of the heroes' imagination, or someone's insidious trick? You are unlikely to fall asleep until you get an answer to this question.

Charles Dickens was extremely popular during his lifetime. People were waiting for him following novels about the same as we are now waiting for the release of some "Transformers". The educated English public loved his books for their inimitable style and plot dynamism.

The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club is Dickens' funniest work. The adventures of English snobs who proclaimed themselves explorers human souls are full of ridiculous and comical situations. Social issues, of course, is present here, but it is presented in such a simple form that one cannot fall in love with English classic after reading it is simply impossible.

"Madame Bovary" is rightfully considered one of the greatest novels world classics. This title does not detract from the fascination of Flaubert's creation - a defiant story love adventures Emma Bovary is bold and bold. After the publication of the novel, the writer was even brought to trial for insulting morality.

The psychological naturalism that permeates the novel allowed Flaubert to clearly reveal the problem that is relevant in any era - the convertibility of love and money.

Most famous work Oscar Wilde is touched by the deeply developed image of the protagonist. Dorian Gray, an aesthete and a snob, has an extreme beauty that contrasts with the internal ugliness that develops over the course of the story. You can revel in watching Gray's moral decline, allegorically reflected in the visual change in his portrait, for hours on end.

"An American Tragedy" is the underside of the American dream. The desire for wealth, respect, position in society, money is characteristic of all people, however, for the majority, the path to the top is closed by default for various reasons.

Clyde Griffiths - a native of the lower classes, who is trying with all his might to break into high society. He is ready to do anything for his dreams. But society, with its ideals of success as an absolute life purpose is itself a catalyst for the violation of morality. As a result, Clyde breaks the law in order to achieve his goals.

To Kill a Mockingbird is an autobiographical novel. Harper Lee described her childhood memories. The result is a story with an anti-racist message, written in a simple and in plain language. Reading the book is useful and interesting, it can be called a textbook of morality.

Not so long ago, a continuation of the novel was published under the title " Go set a watchman". It turns inside out the images of the characters of the writer's classic work so much that cognitive dissonance cannot be avoided when reading.

Lifehacker can receive a commission from the purchase of goods presented in the publication.

All the romantic pathos that shrouded the Middle Ages is presented in Ivanhoe. Valiant knights, beautiful ladies, castle sieges and the political subtleties of vassal relations - all this found a place in the novel by Walter Scott.

In many ways, it was his creation that contributed to the romanticization of the Middle Ages. The author described the historical events that affect the period in the history of England after the Third Crusade. Of course, there were some serious artistic improvisations and fiction, but this made the story only more exciting and beautiful.

It was impossible not to include in this selection the most famous creation of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. For many schoolchildren, the study of "Dead Souls" is the highlight of the literature lessons.

Nikolai Gogol is one of the few classics who knew how to write about the problems of petty-bourgeois life and Russia as a whole in such a sarcastically direct tone. There is neither the epic heaviness of Tolstoy, nor the unhealthy psychologism of Dostoevsky. Reading is easy and enjoyable. However, hardly anyone will deny him the depth and subtlety of the observed phenomena.

The adventure novel "The Headless Horseman" is multi-layered: detective and love motives are intertwined in it. The plot intricacies create intrigue and keep you in suspense until the very last pages of the book. Who is this headless horseman? A ghost, a figment of the heroes' imagination, or someone's insidious trick? You are unlikely to fall asleep until you get an answer to this question.

Charles Dickens was extremely popular during his lifetime. People were waiting for his next novels in much the same way that we are now waiting for the release of some Transformers. The educated English public loved his books for their inimitable style and plot dynamism.

The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club is Dickens' funniest work. The adventures of English snobs, who proclaimed themselves to be researchers of human souls, are full of ridiculous and comical situations. Social issues, of course, are present here, but it is presented in such a simple form that it is simply impossible not to fall in love with the English classic after reading it.

Madame Bovary is rightfully considered one of the greatest novels of the world classics. This title does not detract from the fascination of Flaubert's creation - the defiant story of Emma Bovary's love adventures is bold and daring. After the publication of the novel, the writer was even brought to trial for insulting morality.

The psychological naturalism that permeates the novel allowed Flaubert to clearly reveal the problem that is relevant in any era - the convertibility of love and money.

The most famous work of Oscar Wilde touches the nerve with a deeply developed image of the protagonist. Dorian Gray, an aesthete and a snob, has an extreme beauty that contrasts with the internal ugliness that develops over the course of the story. You can revel in watching Gray's moral decline, allegorically reflected in the visual change in his portrait, for hours on end.

"An American Tragedy" is the underside of the American dream. The desire for wealth, respect, position in society, money is characteristic of all people, however, for the majority, the path to the top is closed by default for various reasons.

Clyde Griffiths - a native of the lower classes, who is trying with all his might to break into high society. He is ready to do anything for his dreams. But society, with its ideals of success as an absolute life goal, is itself a catalyst for the violation of morality. As a result, Clyde breaks the law in order to achieve his goals.

To Kill a Mockingbird is an autobiographical novel. Harper Lee described her childhood memories. The result is a story with an anti-racist message, written in simple and accessible language. Reading the book is useful and interesting, it can be called a textbook of morality.

Not so long ago, a continuation of the novel was published under the title " Go set a watchman". It turns inside out the images of the characters of the writer's classic work so much that cognitive dissonance cannot be avoided when reading.

Lifehacker can receive a commission from the purchase of goods presented in the publication.

(Russian) is a broad concept, and everyone puts their own meaning into it. If you ask readers what associations it evokes in them, then the answers will be different. For some, this is the foundation. library fund, someone will say that the works of classical Russian literature are a kind of sample with a high artistic merit. For schoolchildren, this is everything that is studied at school. And they will all be absolutely right in their own way. So what exactly is classical literature? Russian literature, today we will talk only about it. O foreign classics we will talk in another article.

Russian literature

There is a generally accepted periodization of formation and development domestic literature. Its history is divided into the following time periods:

What works are called classics?

Many readers are sure that classical literature (Russian) is Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy - that is, the works of those writers who lived in the 19th century. It's not like that at all. The era of the Middle Ages and the 20th century can be classical. By what canons and principles to determine whether a novel or a story is a classic? Firstly, classic should have a high artistic value, be a model for others. Secondly, it must have worldwide recognition, it must be included in the fund of world culture.

And you need to be able to distinguish between the concepts of classical and popular literature. A classic is something that has stood the test of time, and oh popular work can quickly forget. If its relevance continues for more than a dozen years, perhaps it will eventually become a classic as well.

Origins of Russian classical literature

V late XVIII century, the newly formed nobility of Russia split into two opposing camps: conservatives and reformers. Such a split was due to different attitudes towards the changes that took place in life: Peter's reforms, understanding of the tasks of the Enlightenment, the sore peasant question, attitude towards power. This struggle of extremes led to the rise of spirituality, self-consciousness, which gave rise to Russian classics. We can say that it was forged in the course of dramatic processes in the country.

Classical literature (Russian), having been born in the complex and contradictory 18th century, was finally formed in XIX century. Its main features are: national identity, maturity, self-awareness.

Russian classical literature of the 19th century

The growth of national consciousness played an important role in the development of the culture of that time. Opening more and more educational institutions, intensifies public importance literature, writers begin to pay much attention mother tongue. even more made me think about what is happening in the country.

Karamzin's influence on the development of 19th century literature

Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, the greatest Russian historian, writer and journalist, was the most influential figure in Russian culture of the 18th-19th centuries. His historical novels and the monumental "History of the Russian State" had a huge impact on the work of subsequent writers and poets: Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Griboedov. He is one of the great reformers of the Russian language. Karamzin put into use a large number of new words, without which we cannot imagine modern speech today.

Russian classical literature: a list of the best works

Select and list the best literary works- the task is difficult, because each reader has his own preferences and tastes. A novel that for one will be a masterpiece, another will seem boring and uninteresting. How, then, to compile a list of classical Russian literature that would satisfy the majority of readers? One way is to conduct surveys. On their basis, it is possible to draw conclusions about which work the readers themselves consider the best of the proposed options. These data collection methods are carried out regularly, although the data may vary slightly over time.

List of the best creations of Russian classics, according to versions literary magazines and Internet portals, looks like this:

In no case should this list be considered a reference. In some ratings and polls, not Bulgakov, but Leo Tolstoy or Alexander Pushkin may be in the first place, and some of the writers listed may not exist at all. Ratings are extremely subjective. It is better to make a list of your favorite classics for yourself and focus on it.

The Importance of Russian Classical Literature

The creators of Russian classics have always had a great social responsibility. They never acted as moralizers, did not give ready-made answers in their works. Writers put before the reader difficult task and made him think about her decision. They raised serious social and public problems in their works, which they still have for us. great importance. Therefore, Russian classics remain as relevant today.

The works of classical literature, undoubtedly, are the foundations of the foundations: they contain the culture, history, philosophy of the people about which the authors narrated in their works. In the niche of world classical literature, Russian literature occupies a rather significant place: a huge number of works domestic authors read with pleasure abroad. We will try to consider the 15 most iconic works of Russian classical literature that everyone should be familiar with.

A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"

The most famous novel in verse tells us unusual story love between the main character, Eugene Onegin and Tatyana. Their feelings are born in different time and affect the characters in different ways: having fallen in love first, Tatyana, after an explanation with her beloved, withdraws into herself, but, in fact, remains herself. Onegin, however, a feeling that flared up much later changes him beyond recognition. He appears before the reader full of passion and tenderness, having lost his former coldness and pride, and capable of a real, sincere, human feeling. Against the backdrop of the main storyline, the remaining actions of the novel unfold, during which the Russian poet poses a huge number of important problems, such as the social, everyday and cultural way of the entire Russian society of the early 19th century.

A.N. Ostrovsky "Dowry"

An immortal play that tells about the sad fate of Russian women, the heartlessness of rich people and the philistine character of small people. It was superbly filmed by E. Ryazanov.

Stories by A.P. Chekhov

Chekhov wrote many stories, both funny and tragic. Main character Chekhov is an ordinary person with his daily affairs and worries. The stories "Rothschild's Violin", "Chamber No. 6", "The Remedy for Binge", "The Man in the Case", "Tears Invisible to the World", etc. tell us that no one else understood the soul of a Russian person like Chekhov. Despite the genre, Chekhov's stories are precious stone Russian literature.

A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"

The main idea of ​​Griboedov's comedy is expressed in the title of the work. The main character, Chatsky, who has returned from abroad, arrives at the house of the nobleman Famusov to see his daughter Sophia, his ex-lover. This is where it happens, its a pretty nasty encounter with everything" Famus Society”: by Famusov himself, Sophia, Molchalin, Skalozub, who live fenced off from the world with their stereotypes and long-outdated views of the world. Progressive, educated, who looked at the world in a different way, they instantly take Chatsky as crazy and dangerous to society. The problem of a person who stands out from the stereotypical crowd and because of this is not accepted by society, so sharply posed by Griboyedov, is still relevant to this day.

L.N. Tolstoy "Anna Karenina"

Main story line of this novel tragic story love between married Anna Karenina and officer Vronsky. Meeting your true love changes Anna's life, she is ready to sacrifice everything for her, but does not see a reciprocal gesture in her direction from her lover. The heroine, forced to fight with her own feelings and public contempt, decides to throw herself under the train. The problematics of the work are questions about marriage, love and family that concern modern society no less than at the time of writing this novel.

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

Tolstoy's epic novel describes the life of Russian society in the period Patriotic War with Napoleon, hence the title of the novel. Scenes of war are replaced by scenes peaceful life, where hundreds acting heroes reveal to readers their character, their spiritual qualities and life values. Among the huge number of heroes, Pierre Bezukhov and Andrei Bolkonsky stand out against the background of the rest, whose names are known even to those who are not familiar with this novel. The first is soft, fearful of committing wrong deeds, non-conflict later becomes a Decembrist. Bolkonsky, presented at the beginning of the novel as cold, tired of the whole society around him, is revealed as a sensitive nature, capable of a feat for the sake of his homeland and strong feeling towards the woman he loves. This novel, certainly deserves the attention of any connoisseur of literature for its variety of issues raised and all the brightness and contrast of the described social life.

F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"

The plot of the socio-psychological novel is based on the murder of an old pawnbroker by Rodion Raskolnikov and its further state of mind, searching for an answer to the question "is he a trembling creature or has the right." The problem of poverty raised by the author immediately catches the eye of the reader, which, in part, pushes Raskolnikov to a terrible act. But here the author’s idea borders on faith in goodness and love, on the ability to forgive and on those bright feelings who must suppress the brutality in the struggle for power.

M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Flows the Don"

Sholokhov's novel touches on the pictures of the life of the Cossacks, their traditions, customs and life values. Their cruel, strict morals of life make the Cossacks special, and unfolding against this background Forbidden love Gregory and Aksinya - extraordinary, contrary to all the rules, rebellious, but sincere to the core.

N.V. Gogol "Inspector"

Gogol's well-known comedy "The Inspector General" sets as its primary goal the ridicule of the city authorities, who, having learned about the arrival of the auditor, were seriously worried, and then, in his presence, began to frankly grovel before him, having missed only one important detail- Khlestakov, taken by them for an auditor, turned out to be the most common cunning and deceiver from the street. The problems of bribery, neglect of one's duties, pettiness and cowardice are brought to the fore in Gogol's comedy.

N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls"

The book tells about the adventures of Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov, the protagonist of the poem, a former collegiate adviser posing as a landowner. Chichikov arrives in an unnamed town, a certain provincial "city N" and immediately tries to gain confidence in all the inhabitants of the city of any importance, which he successfully succeeds. The hero becomes an extremely welcome guest at balls and dinners. The townspeople of the unnamed city are unaware of Chichikov's true goals. And its purpose is to buy up or gratuitously acquire dead peasants, who, according to the census, were still registered as living with local landlords, and then register them in their own name as living.

M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"

It will be about spiritual world person. This topic is well disclosed thanks to the contradictory image of Pechorin. This person is not the most pleasant character, not always noble deeds, but also a very difficult fate. Someone may condemn him for his treatment of Bela, Maxim Maksimych and the princess, someone sympathizes with him, especially after his monologue about the hardship of his fate in "Princess Mary". Pechorin is a person who is in deep conflict with society, but at the same time, a person who cannot but arouse admiration from this same society by the strength of his personality.

I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"

The novel became a landmark for its time, and the image of the protagonist Yevgeny Bazarov was perceived by young people as an example to follow. Such ideals as uncompromisingness, lack of reverence for authorities and old truths, the priority of the useful over the beautiful, were perceived by the people of that time and were reflected in Bazarov's worldview.

I.S. Turgenev "Notes of a hunter"

The classic hunted a lot in the Oryol province. There he met different people, he followed the life of the Russian people, which he describes in his book. This collection of short stories published in 1847-1851 in the Sovremennik magazine and published as a separate edition in 1852. Three stories were written and added by the author to the collection much later.

M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita"

The main problem of the novel "The Master and Margarita" is the search for truth, the search for oneself, one's personality, one's direction, life path. Truth is represented here by the Master's novel, but the one who comprehends and finds the truth inevitably becomes mentally ill. One of the main ideas in the novel is also the struggle between good and evil, which affects all the heroes of the novel, intertwining the genres of science fiction, satire and philosophy. Although the novel was published in Soviet time, it has become an undisputed classic.

M.A. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog"

At the heart of the story dog's heart"- a story about how Professor Preobrazhensky decides to transplant a human pituitary gland and ovaries to a homeless dog. His fantastic experiment ends with the transformation of a cute stray dog ​​into a disgusting representative of the proletariat Sharikov. The problem of the proletariat, by the way, is one of the main problems of the story. The post-revolutionary structure of society, which causes undisguised irritation of Preobrazhensky, makes the reader think deeply.