Where did the ice cream come from? When sundae was invented. How ice cream was born in Russia

Ice cream is a sweetened frozen food that is typically eaten as a snack or dessert. The question of who came up with ice cream is a tricky one. Its production technology has undergone significant evolution. Today it is usually made from dairy products - cream or milk - combined with fruit or other dessert ingredients. Typically, modern ice cream is sweetened with sucrose, sugar cane, beet sugar, or other similar sweet substances. Today, various flavors and colors are used to complement stabilizers.

The mixture is stirred to add air spaces and cooled below the freezing point of water to prevent ice crystals from forming. This is a classic definition, but has it always been so?

What it is?

The understanding of the term "ice cream" may differ from country to country. Phrases such as “frozen yogurt,” “gelato,” “sorbet,” “frozen custard,” and others are used to refer to different varieties and flavors. In some countries, the definition of "ice cream" refers only to a specific type of product, as well as the amount of the main ingredients. Dishes that do not meet the established criteria are called “frozen dessert,” and so on.

Today, treats made from alternatives to cow's milk can be found in almost all countries. So, they make it from sheep or goat milk, or add herbal substitutes (for example, soy or tofu).

Ice cream can be served in bowls for food with a spoon, or in cups and cones for licking. It can be served with other desserts like apple pie. It is also used to prepare other dishes, including milkshakes.

The history of the emergence of delicacies

Who invented ice cream for the first time? As early as the 5th century BC, the ancient Greeks ate snow mixed with honey and fruit. This delicacy was sold in the markets of Athens. The well-known Hippocrates recommended that his patients eat ice, considering it a means to revive vitality.

In the 4th century BC, the favorite delicacy of Alexander the Great was snow mixed with honey and nectar.

A frozen mixture of milk and rice was used around 200 BC. e. in China. The Chinese poured a mixture of snow and saltpeter over vessels filled with syrup. This technology reduces the freezing point below zero. Therefore, it is difficult to say in what century ice cream was invented.

In other countries, there were also similar dishes. In 400 BC. e. The Persians also invented a special chilled food made from rose water and noodles that was served on ice during the summer. At the same time, ice was mixed with saffron, fruits, and various other aromas were also added.

Roman (37-68 AD) personally delivered ice from the mountains and mixed it with fruit fillings to create a chilled delicacy. Of course, one cannot say that he was the first to invent ice cream, but such a recipe is the closest prototype of a modern sorbet.

Middle Ages

In the sixteenth century, the Mongol emperors used fast riders to bring ice from the Hindu Kush to Delhi to be used in fruit desserts. Thus, it is rather difficult to answer the question in which country the ice cream was invented. But this delicacy was quickly appreciated and continued to develop.

Italian Duchess Catherine de 'Medici is credited with introducing ice cream to Europe in the 16th century. According to historical legend, when the Medici married the Duke of Orleans in 1533, she brought several Italian chefs with her to France who used recipes for flavored ice or sorbet. The question of where the ice cream according to this recipe was invented was never disclosed. But the dessert was very well received.

A century later, Charles I (King of England) was so impressed with the ice dessert that he offered the chef a lifetime pension as a favor to keep the ice cream recipe a secret so that this dessert would remain only a royal prerogative. However, there is no historical evidence to support these legends, which first appeared in the 19th century.

Who Invented Ice Cream for Bulk Recipes?

The first recipe for flavored ice in French appeared in 1674 in a large collection. Advice for making sorbets was also published in 1694 in several English sources, and then reprinted several times. Initially, according to these recommendations, it was possible to make only a dish with a rough taste, with large pieces of ice. Subsequently, chefs began to argue that real ice cream should have a fine consistency of sugar and finely crushed ice.

Decomposition by popularity

In Mediterranean countries, ice cream became available to the general population by the second half of the eighteenth century. The treat became inexpensive and widespread by the middle of the nineteenth century in England, when in 1851 an emigrant from Switzerland, Carlo Gatti, opened the first store in Charing Cross, equipped with a refrigerated display case invented by the owner. The technology was successful, and portable glaciers soon began to appear everywhere.

Speaking about who invented ice cream, we must not forget about such a figure as Agnes Marshall, who is considered the "queen of desserts" in England. She actively popularized the recipes for the treat and made it fashionable for the middle class. She has written four books on ice cream and regularly gave public lectures on cooking. Marshall even suggested using liquid nitrogen to make a highly chilled dessert.

New species

The uniform consistency of ice cream was invented in the 1870s and immediately became popular. It is believed to have been invented in 1874 by the American chef Robert Green, but in fact there is no hard evidence of this. It is also difficult to say when and where the ice cream sundae was invented. It is believed that it first appeared at the end of the 19th century in one of the Around the same time period, several chefs claimed that they were the first in the world to create fruit and berry ice cream, but not a single original recipe has survived. As legend has it, fruit varieties began to be invented for use as a lean product.

Growth in popularity

Despite the fact that no one could answer the question of in what century ice cream was invented (sundae, sorbet, gelato), the unequivocal popularity of the delicacy in the world arose in the second half of the 20th century, after cheap refrigeration equipment became commonplace. It was in those years that a real "boom" took place in the production of ice cream of various flavors and types. Sellers often competed on the basis of diversity. At the same time, shopping facilities appeared, specializing in this particular delicacy. The most famous brand to this day is Baskin Robbins, which entered the market with 31 fragrances, and does not change its traditions. The main slogan of the company is one taste for every day of the month. The company currently boasts that it has created over 1000 varieties.

Soft ice cream

A significant development was the invention in the 20th century of soft ice cream, which has more air in its composition. In addition, its production technology is such that costs are reduced very significantly. Further development of soft ice cream production led to the emergence of special machines that squeeze the mass into a waffle cone. Today, such a delicacy is offered both in independent retail outlets and in fast food chains.

Loved by many since childhood, a delicious, tender delicacy that melts in your mouth is ice cream. Where is his homeland? Where did it come from? Perhaps from the North, given its cold component?

It's hard to believe, but the ancient East is rightfully considered the birthplace of ice cream. It was there that “sweet ice” first appeared - the great-grandfather of modern ice cream. It was made from snow and ice, adding a flavoring component - fruit juices. In the houses of wealthy Chinese, it was considered good form to serve such a delicacy to guests.

Sweet ice had fans in ancient Rome and ancient Greece. Emperor Nero, famous for his cruelty, often ordered him to prepare a "snowy treat". The great healer Hippocrates also respected ice dessert, considering it extremely beneficial to health.

How did you manage to prepare and store this unusual dessert for that era, since refrigerators had not yet been invented?

The fact is that in those distant times, a cold delicacy was available only to a select few, who had the opportunity to comply with all the conditions for its preparation. For example, Alexander the Great entrusted his most enduring runners with the delivery of the main component of this dessert - snow. Upon delivery, the snow was immediately mixed with fruit juices and served to Alexander.

The ancient Chinese, apparently not trusting the runners in this important matter, came up with the idea of ​​using a mixture of snow and saltpeter for better cooling. It was with the help of this mixture that containers with future ice cream were cooled.

In ancient Rome, gourmets used natural "refrigerators". They dug deep holes and filled them with compacted snow. In such a "refrigerator" the favorite treats were kept for months.
These methods of making a cold dessert, primitive by the standards of our time, gradually developed and supplemented, giving mankind an adored delicacy.

When did ice cream come to Europe?

It is believed that the Europeans were introduced to ice cream by the traveler from Venice, Marco Polo. The process of making this dessert, in which he was fortunate enough to be present in China, made a huge impression on him. This is how the Italians discovered a new dessert.

The compatriots of the famous traveler jealously guarded the method of making cold sweets, considering it no less mysterious and significant than the secret of making Venetian glass. Italian chefs managed to keep a secret so carefully that ice cream spread throughout the rest of Europe only in the 16th century.

The French queen Catherine de Medici, following the example of the Italians, who were the first to learn the secret recipe, carefully kept the information she received about this unique dish. The method of making ice cream was declared a state secret, for the disclosure of which the offender was threatened with the death penalty.

The French have become some of the most enthusiastic fans of ice cream. For example, Napoleon Bonaparte, even in exile, could not live without his favorite dessert and organized the delivery of a special apparatus for making it to the island of Elba.

France is partially considered the birthplace of ice cream, namely the town of Plombier-les-Bains, where ice cream appeared. The composition of the ice cream invented by French chefs included eggs that had previously passed the freezing procedure, cream and fruit with sugar were added to them. Of course, the dessert prepared according to this recipe was different from the modern ice cream, but it has every right to be considered its predecessor.

The British did not lag behind the French. In the 19th century, Agnes Marshall was the first to come up with the idea of ​​serving ice cream in an edible cup. Thanks to her activities, the use of ice cream has spread among people with an average income. Another Englishwoman, housewife Nancy Johnson, came up with a freezer - a special apparatus for making ice cream. From that time until now, the process of converting a liquid workpiece into an initial product is called freezing.

How did ice cream originate in Russia?

Who was the first to come up with the idea of ​​making and consuming ice cream in Russia? There is no exact data, but historical facts of the use of an unusual dessert in Kievan Rus are known. It was frozen sweet milk chopped into small shavings, or, alternatively, cottage cheese with raisins and sugar. Russian winters were characterized by strong frosts and considerable duration, the climate itself contributed to the spread of this delicacy among the not very wealthy population. The blanks for the future dessert were simply taken out into the street and waited until it was ready.

The inhabitants of Europe at that time did not know anything about such a recipe. Ice cream in a version similar to the modern one appeared in Russia closer to the 18th century. It was composed of milk, vanillin, ice and fruit juice.

And now ice cream is becoming a consumer product

Industrial production of ice cream began in the USA (Baltimore). In 1851, Jacob Fussel, known as the "father of the ice cream industry", launched the mass production of this dessert.

In the 20th century, ice cream, one might say, experienced its rebirth. The main reason for this was the widespread distribution in many countries of the world of affordable refrigeration equipment.

In Russia, after the 1917 revolution, ice cream acquired the status of a relic of the past. In those years, it was practically not produced. However, in the 30s, there was a revolution in the attitude of the authorities to this undeservedly forgotten dessert. In the USSR, in 1932, the growth of factory production of ice cream began. It turned into a mass food product, it was ordered to sell it at prices affordable for the general population.

In 1941, GOST 119-41 was developed for this type of product, which has earned a reputation as the most stringent in the world. The era of the famous Soviet ice cream began, the quality of which is still remembered by the older generation.

Since 1990 it has started according to technical conditions. In modern Russia, more than half of manufacturers make ice cream using herbal additives, so the older generation with sadness and nostalgia recalls the same “Kashtan” for 28 kopecks or the famous “Lakomka”.

To compensate for the loss of the unique taste of Soviet ice cream, today you can taste new types and varieties that cannot be called anything other than exotic. For example, in Venezuela, tourists gladly visit a local attraction - a cafe, founded in the 80s of the last century, where more than 700 types of ice cream are presented, including beer, onion, shrimp, tomato ...

In fact, exotic types of ice cream did not appear today. So, researchers of the life of the peoples of the Far North know the dessert, respected by the local population. This akutak is a dish of Eskimo cuisine, which is prepared on the basis of whipped fat (walrus and deer lard, seal fat) with local berries (cloudberries, cranberries), fish and sugar.
There are options for preparing this dish with the addition of leaves and roots.

Dishes related to ice cream were in the kitchens of other nations, for example, in Iran, the threads of their food starch were frozen with rose water and lime juice.

In Colombia, ice cream is made from cicadas, which, after being harvested, are processed in a special way and added to ice cream as a flavoring component.

In the Philippines, you can enjoy crocodile egg ice cream. Healthy eating aficionados claim that it is extremely beneficial.

Today there is glowing ice cream: the glowing effect is achieved by adding jellyfish protein to the recipe. After paying a lot of money, you can try ice cream, which changes color as you eat it.

Appearance stories the first ice cream more than 5000 years old... In the wealthy houses of China, as early as 3000 BC, fruit juices mixed with ice were served as a dessert. The method of preparation and storage was kept in strict confidence and was revealed to the public only in the 11th century BC and is described in the collection of ancient songs "Shi-king".

It is known for certain that fruits and various berries were frozen for Alexander the Great, sending slaves specially trained to run fast into the mountains for ice so that the ice did not have time to melt. Of course, it is difficult to call such a delicacy ice cream, it was most likely like a low-calorie frozen dessert.

For the first time the recipe for the first ice cream in Europe in 1295. brought Marco Polo, for the preparation of which they used not only ice and snow, but also saltpeter. A treat in a mold was placed in a container with water, after which saltpeter was added to the water, then the outer and inner molds began to rotate. This movement created a reaction that promoted the rapid freezing of the product without the appearance of large crystals. Immediately, the dessert became very popular among aristocrats, not a single dinner party or gala dinner was held without ice cream.

In France, the delicacy became known thanks to Catherine de Medici, who brought her chef to Paris, who knew the recipe and knew how to prepare excellent ice cream, which was to the taste of the local aristocracy. Immediately, the ice cream recipe was declared a state secret. But despite the ban, ice cream appeared in many homes of French nobles. After some time, the Italian Procopio Di Coltelli in Paris was able to open the world's first ice cream parlor, which sold eighteen varieties of ice cream. This cafe is still working, bringing in an unusually large income.

The first vanilla ice cream

The first vanilla ice cream appeared in 1649 and was invented by the Frenchman Gerard Thiersen. After this discovery, the recipe for the ice dainty was constantly updated.

In Russia, the first mention of ice cream refers to Kievan Rus. Finely chopped frozen milk was served at the table, and at Shrovetide they were treated to a mixture of frozen sugar, raisins and cottage cheese. The first mechanical device for making ice cream in Russia was invented at the end of the 19th century. Initially, the delicacy was sold by weight, and only at the end of the 19th century they began to sell it in paper and cardboard cups. Only in the thirties of the XX century, ice cream began to be prepared on an industrial scale.

In America, this dessert was tasted only in the eighteenth century thanks to the English settlers, who taught the locals to cook a refreshing delicacy. Ice cream conquered the hearts of Americans. It is known that George Washington often personally prepared this dessert on his ranch.

Ice cream makes people smarter

Experts from Kerin University Japan claim that eating ice cream in the early morning tones up and stimulates alpha waves thus increasing the brain activity of a person.

Scientists from Tokyo decided to prove that eating a cold treat in the morning has a positive effect on human intelligence. To prove this bold theory, scientists suggested willing respondents to eat ice cream for breakfast, in order to then pass a series of computer tests. Thanks to this test, the researchers were able to study the level of analytical thinking and the speed of response of the volunteers to the questions posed.

Thanks to the research, it turned out that those respondents who were served a cold treat for breakfast were able to cope with the assigned tasks much more successfully. Thus, the bold theory about the positive qualities of ice cream was confirmed and proven, because it was previously believed that this yummy not only spoils the figures and provokes caries, but is also a provocateur of various diseases.

One of the favorite treats not only for children, but also for adults. Few people know that the history of ice cream goes back to ancient times. It was a favorite delicacy of pharaohs, princesses, kings, writers, scientists and politicians. Today in the world you can find a huge number of not only traditional types of ice cream, but also extremely exotic types of it, for example, black ice cream or garlic ice cream.

When and how did the first ice cream appear? Why did it acquire popular love and recognition so quickly?

Ice cream prototype in the ancient world

Ice cream is a cold dessert made from dairy products such as milk, cream, butter, filled with various additives. Some researchers of this issue are sure that the whole world is indebted to the Chinese for the invention of this product. It is believed that more than four years ago, it was the inhabitants of the Middle Kingdom who began to add snow flakes to milk and rice. Another category of researchers argues that it is necessary to talk about the invention of ice cream from the moment of mixing various fruit juices with ice and snow.

The first written source about ice cream is more than three thousand years old. According to the records, frozen fruit juice was served on the imperial table. Chinese trade links contributed to the rapid spread of ice cream around the world. Representatives of Arab culture became especially his fans. For example, one of the sources dating back to 780 AD reports the delivery of a caravan of camels carrying snow to the holy city of Mecca. And every day, frozen juice was delivered from Syria to the meals of a Cairo sultan.

In the fairy tales "A Thousand and One Nights" there is a lot of mention of the prototypes of ice cream. It is known that the doctor of the times of antiquity Hippocrates to use ice cream to improve health.

The second half of the fourth century BC was marked by the campaigns of Alexander the Great to Asia. There he was presented with desserts made from frozen fruit juice. He liked the dessert so much that slaves often brought ice from the mountain peaks to make ice cream.

The inhabitants of Rome were also famous for lovers of sweet dessert. They stored their ice cream in deep earthen pits, where the product could lie for up to several months.

Emperor Nero, who lived in the first century AD, gave orders to regularly mix fruit juice with snow. Snow was specially delivered from the Alpine mountains, and ice blocks were built to store it.

Ice cream in the Middle Ages

In the Middle Ages, the recipe for making ice cream was lost by Europeans. Only in the thirteenth century, the traveler Marco Polo, having arrived from China, told about the preparation of an oriental dessert consisting of snow, fruit juice and saltpeter.

Important!!!

Only the chefs serving the royal family and the highest clergy owned the recipe. For everyone else, ice cream seemed like something supernatural.

Ice cream recipe is a state secret

The Sicilians (Spain) made a big step in the development of ice cream making. It was in this part of the land that another essential component of the dessert grew - sugar cane, from which sugar was obtained. It so happened that Sicily was also the location of other important components: ice on the tops of mountains, pastures (for milk and eggs).

Thus, a recipe was developed in this Mediterranean region that has been passed on by word of mouth for several centuries. They made a batch of ice, fruit juice, milk and eggs in a special container. Then this container was placed in a bowl filled with salt and ice, and beat thoroughly. When the water melted, it was poured out and filled with new portions of snow and salt. After two hours, the ice cream was ready.

The Sicilians strictly guarded the secrets of the preparation of the dessert.

Important!!!

When secret information was passed to the chef, he took an oath not to disclose secret recipes. In this regard, few people in Europe knew about ice cream.

By the way, why did you use sea salt when making ice cream?

The fact is that salt was needed to increase the temperature and make the ice melt faster.

Spreading the secret ice cream recipe

The popularization of ice cream is closely related to the marriage of Catherine de Medici to King Henry II of France in 1553. The young princess brought her chef Bentaleti with her, and he fully owned the recipes for making a cold dessert

For the wedding day, Bentaleti has prepared thirty-four different types of ice cream. Guests were offered to taste only one species per day. Desserts were very similar to modern ice cream, they consisted of orange, lemon and orange ice cream, with the addition of orange and tangerine juices.

In the shortest possible time, the new dessert won the love and recognition of the French aristocracy. Bentaleti was left with no choice: he had to transfer the recipe for making ice cream to chefs in France. Now even at the French court, the recipe for making a cold dessert was carefully kept, especially from commoners.

But this did not stop word of mouth from spreading the recipe among the nobles. So ice cream became one of the most favorite dishes at court.

Important!!!

In 1649, a court chef created an ice cream recipe from a combination of cream and milk, dubbed "Neapolitan ice cream". Since then, the recipes have been constantly changing and improving.

The popularity of ice cream

The ice cream recipe came to England thanks to the marriage of Catherine de Medici's granddaughter Henrietta Maria and King Charles the First of England. The princess brought her chef, who shared the recipe with the local chefs.

Many types of ice cream appeared on French soil, where ice cream occupied a special place. Once at one of the receptions in honor of Anna of Austria, each guest was served ice cream in a gilded bowl.

Ice cream in America

Ice cream came to America with immigrants from England at the beginning of the eighteenth century. But the first mention of ice cream in written sources can be found only in 1777, when the head of one of the states treated his guests to this dessert. And years later, all of America learned about the addiction of their president to ice cream: on his ranch, he personally cooked it.

When the chef Philip Lenzi arrived in the country, he announced that he had a recipe for the dish. A little later, ice cream gained a lot of fans on this continent as well.

Ice cream - to every home!

In 1660, an Italian fisherman, Francesco Procopio, who arrived in France, opened the first cafe where you could buy ice cream. Interestingly, he did not have a special pastry or cook education. To such a step, Francesco was prompted by the presence of a device for making ice cream, which he passed on from his deceased grandfather.

A little over ten years later, more than eighty different types of ice cream could be seen in the cafe. It is interesting that initially the dessert was sold only in the summer, but since 1750 it has been sold all year round.

This cafe still exists today. Only it has patents for the manufacture of a number of types of dessert. The cafe was visited by many famous people all over the world, for example, Rousseau, Robespierre, Diderot, Balzac, Georges Sand, and even Napoleon Bonaparte himself.

Under Napoleon the Third, ice cream in cups and with different fillings saw the light. In the 19th century, in Austria, Glase was invented - coffee with ice cream and many other uses for the product.

In 1866, during a reception for representatives of China in Paris, a new delicacy was proposed - ginger ice cream, which was covered with a hot omelet.

Ice cream in Russia

In Russia, the prototype of modern ice cream was frozen milk, which was served cut into shavings. On Shrovetide, it was customary to mix cottage cheese, raisins, sour cream and sugar and put it out in the cold.

From Europe, the dessert appeared only in the middle of the eighteenth century. Ice cream immediately fell in love with the Russian nobility. It is known that Count Lyta loved him so much that he practically did not eat anything except him. Before his death, the count asked to cook a dozen portions of his favorite delicacy.

With the emergence of the Russian Empire, the best European chefs, fashion designers, builders, and cooks began to come to St. Petersburg.

Important!!!

Foreign chefs taught Russian chefs how to make ice cream.

It is interesting that the ice cream dessert in a waffle cup, so beloved all over the world, was invented quite by accident. In 1904, Ernest Humvee, an expatriate from Syria, was selling waffles at the St. Louis World's Fair, and another vendor was selling ice cream at a nearby booth. When he ran out of supplies of saucers in which dessert was served, the Syrian began to make waffle cups for him. The audience was delighted. A few years later, Humvee set up a waffle cone company.

The birth of the popsicle: an international controversy

In 1922, a teacher from one of the American states received a patent for an ice cream - a sundae covered with chocolate. As a publicity campaign, Christian Nilsson rode around the cities, showing off his ice cream and playing a film about the Eskimos. The people called the delicacy "Eximo-Pai", and later it was generally reduced to Eskimo.

On the other hand, the French credit themselves with the authorship of the popsicle. The owner of the French firm Germe Charles Gervais, which produced cheeses, once tried popsicles in America. When he returned home, he decided to try a batch of chocolate-covered ice cream. They called the ice cream "popsicle" quite by accident. The company's products were sold in a cinema in Paris. In those days, the repertoire was rather meager and the film about the Eskimos broadcast at that time had not changed for a long time. One of the regular viewers, who has already watched the film several times and tasted quite a few portions of ice cream, nicknamed him "popsicle".

In Russia, the popsicle appeared only in 1937. The initiative came from the People's Commissar of Food Mikoyan himself.

Galileo program. Popsicle

Types of ice cream

Today all over the world there are a huge number of different recipes for making ice cream. All of them can be combined into several categories:

• Hardened ice cream: divided into several subgroups - ice cream, butter and milk.
• Soft ice cream: This ice cream should be eaten immediately after leaving the freezer. It looks like a cream in appearance.
• Homemade Ice Cream: Can be made at home using the freezer.

Cognitive transmission. Ice cream making

Is ice cream good for you?

Important!!!

If a few decades ago, doctors talked about the dangers of eating ice cream, today more and more of them go over to the side of this product.

For example, one of the nutritionists from Argentina recommends to his patients the daily use of ice cream. In his opinion, due to the high content of calcium in it, a person not only burns fats, but also strengthens his bones.

Researchers at Harvard found that ice cream reduces the risk of infertility in women. As a result, it was found that more than 60 percent of women had improved ovulation after taking ice cream.

Juan Espara, a doctor from Spain, believes that ice cream should be an essential part of the daily diet, as it contains vitamin B2, proteins and calcium. Thus, we can conclude that ice cream:

• Saturates the body with calcium by 15 percent.
• Ice cream, contrary to stereotypes, does not harm a person's stomach or throat.
• It helps to shrink the size of the tonsils.
• Helps to return to normal blood pressure.
• Strengthens bones thanks to the calcium content.

The most unusual ice cream in the world

• Ice cream is sold in Sweden that contains licorice (herb). It is considered useful and enjoys popular love.
• The Burger King restaurant chain offers its visitors high-calorie ice cream with caramel and bacon. Its calorie content is 510 calories.
• One of the Chilean entrepreneurs decided to add cocaine paste to ice cream. Her dose was enough to induce drug intoxication.

• One of the most popular desserts in Mexico is apple-sized ice cream scoops that are breaded and served hot.
• In Japan, ice cream is considered traditional with sesame powder, which is added to the dessert, which makes it gray in color.
• In the USSR, tomato ice cream was presented for sale, it was made from tomatoes, with the addition of garlic, cream, pepper and bay leaf. Today you can find such ice cream on sale in Japan.

• The highest percentage of fat content in ice cream is 12-15 percent.
• The largest selection of ice cream can be found in one of the cafes in Venezuela. The menu consists of as many as 709 types of serving desserts based on ice cream, among which you can find very exotic options, for example, ice cream with onions, tuna, beer, squid.
• The most expensive ice cream will cost $ 1,000. It is sold in a crystal glass with a golden spoon.
• In some Asian countries, you can find ice cream with Viagra on sale.
• There is ice cream with green tea. Great for dieters with a sweet tooth.
• The first place in popularity is occupied by vanilla ice cream, in second place - chocolate, in third - pistachio.

• The first place in the production of ice cream is America. There is an average of 20 kilograms of ice cream per person per year.
• The largest volumes of ice cream sales occur on Sundays.
• One ice cream is sold every three minutes in the world.

Conclusion:

Contrary to stereotypes about the dangers of ice cream for the human body, drinking it in moderation is not only safe, but also beneficial.

It is not known when, where and by whom the recipe for making ice cream was invented. It is only known that berries and fruits were frozen in the snow during the time of Alexander the Great. For snow, slaves were sent to the mountains, who were specially trained to run quickly so that the snow did not have time to melt. Of course, ice cream in the modern sense of this word could not be called the delicacies of the ancient Hellenes - they were rather low-fat frozen desserts: chilled fruits with finely shaved sweet ice, frozen syrups, decoctions and juices, sherbets and popsicles.

In 1295, Marco Polo brought to Europe a recipe for a then unknown dessert, for which they used not only snow and ice, but also saltpeter. The product in a mold was placed in water (then saltpeter was dissolved in water) or in ice together with salt. After that, the inner and outer molds began to rotate, which facilitated faster freezing of the product without the formation of large crystals.

This dish immediately became popular, and not a single gala dinner, both at the palace and among the aristocrats, could do without ice cream. The secret of ice cream, of course, was kept secret by each chef, and quite often ice cream became the cause of tangled intrigues and the most violent intrigues - for the nobility to have their own personal ice cream was just as important as a hairdresser or dressmaker. And it became even more important and more prestigious to beat off the cook from your rival or sworn enemy than to take away a lover or mistress.

But soon the situation changed - Catherine de Medici brought her chef to France, who knew how to prepare excellent ice cream. The advisers of the King of France immediately demanded that they be given a recipe and technology for preparing a wonderful delicacy. The recipe became a state secret, and there are many known cases when the disclosure of this secret was punished more than, for example, for the plundering of the royal treasury.

Since then, at the French court, ice cream has been eaten in myriad quantities. Even a gourmet like Louis XIV did not refuse him.

In 1649, vanilla ice cream appeared - it was invented by the French chef Gerard Thiersen. After that, the recipe for the ice dessert was constantly updated - more and more new varieties appeared.

The general public recognized the recipe thanks to Procopio de Coltelli, who opened the first ice cream parlor in Paris. In 1782, this cafe offered customers up to eighty varieties of ice cream. By the way, the cafe exists to this day, and its income is unusually high.

As time went. The number of restaurants, cafes and simply eateries, which specialized exclusively in the sale of ice cream, grew. These cafes were visited by the intellectual elite of Paris - Voltaire, D'Alembert, Hugo, Anatole France, Diderot, Beaumarchais, Balzac, Verlaine, Rousseau, and even Benjamin Franklin. He loved ice cream and Napoleon Bonaparte. He even, in exile to the island of St. Helena, ordered himself an apparatus for their manufacture, which one compassionate Englishwoman was not slow to send him.
The widespread adoption of cold desserts in the household began with the introduction of the handheld ice cream mixer. It was invented in 1843 by the American Nancy Johnson. The stirrer operated on the principle of a hand mixer, the perimeter was filled with ice and salt, which cooled the creamy mixture. True, Mrs. Johnson did not realize that the invention should be patented. Two years later, a similar mechanism was patented by a certain Mr. Young. The first commercial ice cream line was built on the basis of hand mixers in 1851 in the United States. The name of its creator, Jacob Fassl, remained in history. And the first mechanical apparatus that served the same purpose was created four years later in Australia. A year before the beginning of the 20th century, the Frenchman Auguste Golen invented and patented the homogenizer, and in 1902 the industrial ice cream cooler was invented, and the era of the widespread production of this delicacy began.

Initially, ice cream was served in saucers, rosettes, and sold in bulk. At the end of the 19th century, cardboard and paper cups for ice cream, in which it was sold at retail, came into use in Europe.

The invention of the waffle cone is credited to the Italian émigré Italo Marchioni, who offered the first cone to the New York public in 1896 and patented his invention in 1903. By coincidence, however, the father of the ice cream waffle cone was Ernest Humvee, a Syrian émigré who sold waffles at a booth at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair. The owner of a nearby kiosk was selling ice cream, and when he ran out of saucers, Mr. Humvee began spinning waffle cones for him, which he filled with his goods. The audience was delighted, and after a few years the agile Syrian created the first company to produce waffle cones. It was this company that laid the foundation for the industrial production of horns. In the United States in 1920, the first popsicle briquettes were also patented.

The name of the ice cream "popsicle" comes from the word "eskimo".

There are several versions of the invention of the popsicle.

There is a legend that the popsicle was invented by eleven-year-old Frank Epperson, who accidentally left a glass of lemonade on the porch in the evening. There was a stirring stick in the glass. Frost hit that night. Forgetful Frank discovered in the morning an ice cylinder with a frozen stick. It happened in 1905. Although there are many white spots in this story - firstly, the boy is unlikely to leave unfinished lemonade. Secondly, who would drink lemonade outside in the cold? But anyway, twenty years after this incident, Epperson began making lemonades, frozen on a stick, and selling them in a city park. At first, he called the Eskimo "Epsicle", combining his last name with the word "icicle" (icicle). In the beginning, even his children refused to taste this popsicle. They began to call the popsicle "Papsicle" (dad's icicles). This name stuck in a slightly modified form: "Popsicle" (Popsicle). Popsicle was the most popular at the Summer Sports Games in the 1920s. But during the Great Depression, the company's revenues plummeted, and then the entrepreneurs released a double Popsicle, such that for five cents, two children received an Eskimo each.

According to another legend, the popsicle ice cream recipe was first developed by the American Christian Nelson in 1919. The first Eskimo was a briquette of ice cream in chocolate glaze and was called Eskimo Pai - Eskimo Pie. In 1922, Christian Nelson patented his invention.

The popsicle acquired its modern look in 1934, when the popsicle was produced on a wooden stick.

According to another version, the honor of the invention of the popsicle belongs to Charles Gervais, one of the founders of the French company Gervais, famous for the production of cheese. Charles Gervais was selling popsicle ice cream in one of the cinemas in Paris, where a documentary film about the life of the Eskimos "Nanook from the North" was shown. Therefore, one of the spectators christened the new ice cream "popsicle".

Be that as it may, in Russia the eskimo, so beloved by many, appeared only on the eve of World War II - in 1937. They say it was a personal initiative of the then People's Commissar for Food Mikoyan. Glazed cylinders of ice cream, each with a wooden stick inside for convenience, was wrapped in paper. Russian popsicle was made in the capital by hand on a manual dosing machine. And the "Eskimo-generator" appeared at Moskhladokombinat # 8 only 10 years later, in 1947.

Interesting facts about ice cream

In Chile, one trader was adding cocaine paste to chocolate ice cream, which he said lifted the mood. As a rule, customers tried a new product and then came to buy more, thus ensuring a constant flow of buyers.

It turned out that an ordinary chocolate cone contained a dose of cocaine sufficient to induce the characteristic drug intoxication of eaters.

The largest number of ice cream varieties - 709 - is offered to its visitors by the Venezuelan ice cream parlor Coromoto, which was founded in 1980 by a native of Portugal, Manuel da Silva Oliveira. Today, the owner of the cafe offers his visitors hundreds of original recipes - waffle rolls with tuna, ice cream with onions, pork rinds, beer, carrots, tomatoes, beans, trout, shrimp and squid, beer, spaghetti, garlic, rose petals and even an extremely spicy delicacy with chili pepper.

On average, in the summer, a serving of ice cream is sold every three seconds.

Ice cream was loved by many of the greats. Napoleon, for example, had even been brought into exile on the island of St. Helena with a device for obtaining ice cream. And most of all loved ice cream son of Maria Medici Henry III. He ate ice cream in huge quantities, of any kind, and at any time of the year.

The father of medicine Hippocrates recalls ice cream as a frozen fruit drink, as a health-promoting product and recommends it to his patients, as it contains juices and improves well-being and mood.

Goethe, having tasted ice cream for the first time as a child, spoke of it with admiration all his life, although he could not consume large quantities: eating ice cream at his time was an expensive and rare pleasure. Goethe all his life bitterly recalled how one day his mother threw away a whole dessert plate of ice cream - having tried what it was (and at that time ice cream was not yet very well known in Germany), she decided that children's stomachs simply could not bear a real ice, and besides, also with sugar.